LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODOLOGY

COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNIG (CLL)

Lecture: Drs. Priyanto, M.Pd.
Supriyanti (28 002 121)
Wida Nur!ptia (11 202 10")
Wi#i$a#ina %arni (10 002 2&1)
ENGLIH EDUCATION DEPA!TMENT
"ACULTY O" EDUCATION
A!#ANA$IYATA TAMANI$A UNI%E!ITY
YOGYA&A!TA
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A. 'a()*r+und
Co**unity Lan+ua+e Learnin+ ,CLL- is t.e na*e o/ t.e *et.od de0e1o2ed 3y
C.ar1es A. Curran and .is associates. Co**unity Lan+ua+e Learnin+ re2resents t.e use
o/ Counse1in+4Learnin+ t.eory to teac. 1an+ua+e. As t.e na*e indicates, CLL di0es its
2ri*ary insi+.ts, and indeed or+ani5in+ rationa1e, /ro* !o+erian counse1in+ ,!o+ers
)67)-. In 1ay ter*s, counse1in+ is one 2erson +i0in+ ad0ice, assistance, and su22ort to
anot.er 8.o .as a 2ro31e* or is in so*e 8ay in need. Co**unity Lan+ua+e Learnin+
dra8s on t.e counse1in+ *eta2.or to rede/ine t.e ro1es o/ t.e teac.er ,t.e counse1or- and
1earners ,t.e c1ient- in t.e 1an+ua+e c1assroo*. T.e 3asic 2rocedures o/ CLL can t.us 3e
seen as deri0ed /ro* t.e counse1or4c1ient re1ations.i2.
CLL tec.ni9ue a1so 3e1on+s to a 1ar+er set o/ /orei+n 1an+ua+e teac.in+ 2ractices
so*eti*es descri3ed as .u*anistic tec.ni9ue. In e:a*21e, 31end 8.at t.e student /ee1s,
t.in;s and ;no8s 8it. 8.at .e is 1earnin+ in t.e tar+et 1an+ua+e. !at.er t.an se1/4denia1
3ein+ t.e acce2ta31e 8ay o/ 1i/e, se1/4actua1i5ation and se1/4estee* are t.e idea1s t.e
e:ercises 2ursue. ,T.e tec.ni9ue- .e12 3ui1d ra22ort, co.esi0eness, and carin+ t.at /ar
transcend 8.at is a1ready t.ere. He12 student to 3e t.e*se10es, to acce2t t.e*se10es, and
3e 2roud t.e*se10es. He12 /oster a c1i*ate o/ carin+ and s.arin+ in t.e /orei+n 1an+ua+e
c1ass.
B. Appr+a(,- T,!+ry +. Lan*ua*! L!arnin*
La /or+e acce2ts t.e 1an+ua+e t.eory *ust start, t.ou+. not end, 8it. criteria /or
sound /eatures, t.e sentence and a3stract *ode1 o/ 1an+ua+e. T.e /orei+n 1an+ua+e
1earners< tas;s are =to a22re.end t.e sound syste*, assi+n /unda*enta1 *eanin+s, and to
construct a 3asic +ra**ar o/ t.e /orei+n 1an+ua+e>.
T.e CLL 0ie8 o/ 1earnin+ is a .o1istic one, since =true> .u*an 1earnin+ is 3ot.
co+niti0e and a//ecti0e. T.e 2rocess is di0ided in to /i0e sta+es and co*2ared to t.e
onto+enetic de0e1o2*ent o/ t.e c.i1d. In t.e /irst, =3irt.> sta+e, /ee1in+ o/ security and
3e1on+in+ are esta31is.ed. In t.e second, as t.e 1earners< a3i1ities i*2ro0e, t.e 1earner, as
c.i1d, 3e+ins to ac.ie0e a *easure o/ inde2endence /ro* t.e 2arent. ?y t.e t.ird, t.e
1earner =s2ea; inde2endent1y> and *y need to assert .is or .er o8n identity, o/ten
re@ectin+ unas;ed4/or ad0ice. T.e /ourt. sta+e sees t.e 1earner as secure enou+. to ta;e
criticis*, and 3y t.e 1ast sta+e, t.e 1earner *ere1y 8or; on i*2ro0in+ sty1e and
;no81ed+e 1in+uistic a22ro2riateness.
Curran in *any 21aces discusses 8.at .is ca11 =consensua1 0a1idation> or
=con0a1idation> in 8.ic. *utua1 8ar*t., understandin+, and a 2ositi0e e0a1uation o/ t.e
ot.er 2erson<s 8ort. de0e1o2 3et8een t.e teac.er and t.e 1earners. A +rou2 o/ ideas
concernin+ o/ 2syc.o1o+ica1 re9uire*ents /or success/u1 1earnin+ are co11ected under t.e
acrony* A!D:
stand /or security. Un1ess 1earners /ee1 secure, t.ey 8i11 /ind it di//icu1t to enter into a
success/u1 1earnin+ e:2erience.
A stand /or attention and a++ression. CLL reco+ni5es t.at a 1oss o/ attention s.ou1d 3e
ta;en as an indication o/ t.e 1earner<s 1ac; o/ in0o10e*ent in 1earnin+, t.e i*21ication
3ein+ t.at 0ariety in t.e c.oice o/ 1earners tas; 8i11 increase attention a*d t.ere/ore
2ro*ote 1earnin+. A++ression a221ies to t.e 8ay in 8.ic. a c.i1d, .a0in+ 1earned
so*et.in+, see;s an o22ortunity to s.o8 .is or .er stren+t. 3y ta;in+ and
de*onstratin+ .as 3een 1earned, usin+ t.e ne8 ;no81ed+e as a too1 /or se1/4assertion.
! stand /or retention and re/1ection. I/ t.e 8.o1e 2erson is in0o10ed in t.e 1earnin+
2rocess, 8.at is retained is interna1i5ed and 3eco*es a 2art o/ t.e 1earner<s ne8
2ersona in t.e /orei+n 1an+ua+e. !e/1ection is a conscious1y identi/ied 2eriod o/ si1ence
8it.in t.e /ra*e8or; o/ t.e 1esson o/ t.e student =to /ocus on t.e 1earnin+ /orces o/
t.e 1ast .our, to assess .is 2resent sta+e o/ de0e1o2*ent, and to re4e0a1uate /uture
+oa1s.>
D denotes discri*ination. $.en 1earners =.a0e retained a 3ody o/ *ateria1, t.ey are
ready to s.ort it out and see .o8 one t.in+ re1ates to anot.er>. T.is discri*ination
2rocess 3eco*es *ore re/ined and u1ti*ate1y =ena31es t.e student to use t.e 1an+ua+e
/or 2ur2oses o/ co**unication outside t.e c1assroo*>.

C. /!i*n- +$0!(ti1!2 y##a$u2 #!arnin* a(ti1ity2 r+#! +. #!arn!r2 t!a(,!r2 and
3at!ria#4
ince 1in+uistic or co**unicati0e co*2etence is s2eci/ied on1y in socia1 ter*s,
e:21icit 1in+uistic or co**unicati0e o3@ecti0es are not de/ined in CLL. CLL does not
use a con0entiona1 1an+ua+e sy11a3us, 8.ic. sets out in ad0ance t.e +ra**ar,
0oca3u1ary and ot.er 1an+ua+e ite*s to 3e tau+.t and t.e ot.er in 8.ic. t.ey 3e
co0ered. In t.is sense, t.en, a CLL sy11a3us e*er+es /ro* t.e interaction 3et8een t.e
1earners< e:2ressed co**unicati0e intentions and t.e teac.er<s re/or*u1ations o/ t.ese
into suita31e tar+et41an+ua+e utterances.
As 8it. *ost *et.ods, CLL co*3ines inno0ati0e 1earnin+ tas;s and acti0ities
8it. con0entiona1 ones. T.ey inc1ude:
1. Trans1ation. Learners /or* a s*a11 circ1e. A 1earner 8.is2ers a *essa+e or *eanin+
.e or s.e 8ants to e:2ress, t.e teac.er trans1ates into ,and *ay inter2ret it in- t.e
tar+et 1an+ua+e, and t.e 1earner re2eats t.e teac.er<s trans1ation.
2. Grou2 8or;. Learners *ay en+a+e in 0arious +rou2 tas;s, suc. as a su**ary o/ a
to2ic /or 2resentation to anot.er +rou2, 2re2arin+ a story t.at 8i11 3e 2resented to
t.e teac.er and t.e rest o/ t.e c1ass.
3. !ecordin+. tudents record con0ersation in t.e tar+et 1an+ua+e.
4. Transcri2tion. tudents transcri3e utterances and con0ersations t.ey .a0e recorded
/or 2ractice and ana1ysis o/ 1in+uistic /or*.
5. Ana1ysis. tudents ana1y5e and study transcri2tions o/ tar+et41an+ua+e sentence in
order to /ocus on 2articu1ar 1e:ica1 usa+e or on t.e a221ication o/ 2articu1ar
+ra**ar ru1es.
6. !e/1ection and o3ser0ation. Learners re/1ect and re2ort on t.eir e:2erience o/ t.e
c1ass, as a c1ass or in +rou2. T.is usua11y consists o/ e:2ressions o/ /ee1in+ A sense
o/ one anot.er, reactions to si1ence, concern /or so*et.in+ to say, and so on.
7. Listenin+. tudents 1isten to a *ono1o+ue 3y t.e teac.er in0o10in+ e1e*ents t.ey
*i+.t .a0e e1icited or o0er.eard in c1ass interaction.
8. "ree con0ersation. tudents en+a+e in /ree con0ersation 8it. t.e teac.er or 8it.
ot.er 1earners. T.is *i+.t inc1ude discussion o/ 8.at t.ey 1earned as 8e11 as
/ee1in+s t.ey .ad a3out .o8 t.ey 1earned.
Learner ro1es in CLL are 8e11 de/ined. Learners 3eco*e *e*3ers o/ a co**unity
A t.eir /e11o8 1earners and t.e teac.er A and 1earn t.ou+. interactin+ 8it. t.e co**unity.
Learnin+ is not 0ie8ed as an indi0idua1 acco*21is.*ent 3ut as so*et.in+ t.at is
ac.ie0ed co11a3oratin+.
T.e teac.er<s ro1e deri0es /ro* t.e /unction o/ t.e counse1or in !o+erian
2syc.o1o+ica1 counse1in+. T.e teac.er o2erates in a su22orti0e ro1e, 2ro0idin+ tar+et4
1an+ua+e trans1ation and a *ode1 /or i*itation on re9uest o/ t.e c1ient. Later, interaction
*ay 3e initiated 3y t.e student, and t.e teac.er *onitors 1earners utterances, 2ro0idin+
assistance 8.en re9uested.
Materia1s *ay 3e de0e1o2ed 3y t.e teac.er as t.e course de0e1o2s, a1t.ou+. t.ese
+enera11y consist o/ 1itt1e *ore t.an su**aries on t.e 31ac;3oard or o0er.ead 2ro@ector
o/ so*e o/ t.e 1in+uistic /eatures o/ con0ersations +enerated 3y student. Con0ersations
*ay 3e a1so 3e transcri3ed and distri3uted /or study and ana1ysis, and 1earners *ay 8or;
in +rou2 to 2roduce t.eir o8n *ateria1s, suc. as scri2ts /or dia1o+ues and *ini4dra*as.
D. %r+(!dur!4
Dieter sroinin+ ,in te0ic; )6B(:)B74)BC- 2resent a 2rotoco1 o/ 8.at a /irst day<s
CLL c1ass co0ered, 8.ic. is out1ined .ere:
1. In/or*a1 +reetin+ and se1/4introduction 8ere *ade.
2. T.e teac.er *ade a state*ent o/ t.e +oa1s and +uide1ines /or t.e course.
3. A con0ersation in t.e /orei+n 1an+ua+e too; 21ace.
a. A circ1e 8as /or*ed so t.at e0eryone .ad 0isua1 contact 8it. eac. ot.er.
b. One student initiated con0ersation 8it. anot.er student 3y +i0in+ a *assa+e in
t.e L) ,En+1is.-.
c. T.e instructor, standin+ 3e.ind t.e student, 8.is2ered a c1ose e9ui0a1ent o/ t.e
*essa+e in t.e L' ,Ger*an-.
d. T.e student t.en re2eated t.e L' *essa+e to its addressee and into t.e ta2e
recorder as 8e11.
e. Eac. student .ad a c.ance to co*2ose and record a 0ie8 *essa+es.
f. T.e ta2e recorder 8as re8ound and re21ayed at inter0a1s.
g. Eac. student re2eated t.e *eanin+ in En+1is. o/ 8.at .e or s.e .ad said in t.e
L' and .e12ed to re/res. t.e *e*ory o/ ot.er.
4. tudents t.en 2artici2ated in a re/1ection 2eriod, in 8.ic. t.ey 8ere as;ed to e:2ress
t.eir /ee1in+s a3out t.e 2re0ious e:2erience 8it. tota1 /ran;ness.
5. "ro* t.e *ateria1s @ust recorded t.e instructor c.ose sentences to 8rite on t.e
31ac;3oard t.at .i+.1i+.ted e1e*ents o/ +ra**ar, s2e11in+, and 2ecu1iarities o/
ca2ita1i5ation in t.e L'.
6. tudents 8ere encoura+ed to as; 9uestions a3out any o/ t.e ite*s a3o0e.
7. tudents 8ere encoura+ed to co2y sentences /ro* t.e 3oard 8it. notes on *eanin+
and usa+e. T.is 3eca*e t.eir =te:t3oo;> /or .o*e study.
E. C+n(#ui+n4
Co**unity Lan+ua+e Learnin+ 21aces unusua1 de*ands on 1an+ua+e teac.er. T.ey
*ust 3e .i+.1y 2ro/icient and sensiti0e to nuance in 3ot. L) and L'. T.ey *ust 3e
/a*i1iar 8it. and sy*2at.etic to t.e ro1e o/ counse1ors in 2syc.o1o+ica1 counse1in+.