CNCD Sistemul Complementar 2004

SISTEMUL COMPLEMENTAR DE
PROTECIE A DREPTURILOR OMULUI I

DE COMBATERE A DISCRIMINRII N
ROMANIA
COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM OF
PROTECTION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS
AND FIGHT AGAINST DISCRIMINATION
IN ROMANIA
Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a Romniei
Sistemul complementar de protecie a drepturilor
omului i de combatere a discriminrii din Romnia /
coord.: dr. Cristian Jura. - Braov : Editura Universitii
"Transilvania",
2004
ISBN 973-635-377-X
Jura, Cristian (coord.)
342.7(498)
316.647.82(498)
Toate drepturile rezervate editurii Universitii Transilvania- Braov
Nici o parte din acest volum nu poate fi copiat fr permisiunea
scris a editurii Universitii Transilvania- Braov
COPYRIGHT 2004 by Transilvania University Brasov, Romania
All rights reserved.
The distribution of this book outside Romania without the written
permission of Transilvania University is strictly prohibited.
EDITURA UNIVERSITII TRANSILVANIA - BRAOV
B-DUL EROILOR NR. 9 500030, BRAOV
TEL/FAX: + 40 268 475 348
Lucrare editat cu sprijinul
GUVERNULUI ROMNIEI
DEPARTAMENTUL PENTRU
RELAII INTERETNICE
PROTECTIE A DREPTURILOR
OMULUI SI DE COMBATERE A
DISCRIMINARII DIN ROMANIA
La procesul laborios al apariiei
acestei lucrri, proces ce a
nceput la data de 25 mai 2004
cu seminarul SISTEMUL
COMPLEMENTAR DE PROTECIE
A DREPTURILOR OMULUI I DE
COMBATERE A DISCRIMINRII
DIN ROMNIA i care se va
ncheia cu editarea i lansarea n
mediul universitar al acesteia, o
contribuie important a avut
Asociaia de Promovare a
Drepturilor Omului i de Lupt
mpotriva Discriminrii din
Romnia prin preedintele
acestuia dl. Mihai Coman
Brochure edited with the support
of the
GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA
THE DEPARTMENT FOR
INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS.
THE COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM
OF PROTECTION OF THE HUMAN
RIGHTS AND FIGHT AGAINST
DISCRIMINATION IN ROMANIA
The Romanian Association for
Promoting Human Rights and
Combating Discrimination, through
Mr. Mihai Coman, President, had
an important contribution to the
laborious process of editing and
publishing of this brochure. The
process started on May 25, 2004
with the seminar THE
COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM FOR
THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS AND COMBATING
and will end with the publishing
and launching of this brochure in
the academic circles.
Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a Romniei
Sistemul complementar de protecie a drepturilor
omului i de combatere a discriminrii din Romnia /
coord.: dr. Cristian Jura. - Braov : Editura Universitii
"Transilvania",
2004
ISBN 973-635-377-X
Jura, Cristian (coord.)
342.7(498)
316.647.82(498)
Toate drepturile rezervate editurii Universitii Transilvania- Braov
Nici o parte din acest volum nu poate fi copiat fr permisiunea
scris a editurii Universitii Transilvania- Braov
COPYRIGHT 2004 by Transilvania University Brasov, Romania
All rights reserved.
The distribution of this book outside Romania without the written
permission of Transilvania University is strictly prohibited.
EDITURA UNIVERSITII TRANSILVANIA - BRAOV
B-DUL EROILOR NR. 9 500030, BRAOV
TEL/FAX: + 40 268 475 348
Lucrare editat cu sprijinul
GUVERNULUI ROMNIEI
RELAII INTERETNICE
PROTECTIE A DREPTURILOR
OMULUI SI DE COMBATERE A
DISCRIMINARII DIN ROMANIA
La procesul laborios al apariiei
acestei lucrri, proces ce a
nceput la data de 25 mai 2004
cu seminarul SISTEMUL
COMPLEMENTAR DE PROTECIE
A DREPTURILOR OMULUI I DE
COMBATERE A DISCRIMINRII
DIN ROMNIA i care se va
ncheia cu editarea i lansarea n
mediul universitar al acesteia, o
contribuie important a avut
Asociaia de Promovare a
Drepturilor Omului i de Lupt
mpotriva Discriminrii din
Romnia prin preedintele
acestuia dl. Mihai Coman
Brochure edited with the support
of the
GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA
THE DEPARTMENT FOR
INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS.
THE COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM
OF PROTECTION OF THE HUMAN
RIGHTS AND FIGHT AGAINST
The Romanian Association for
Promoting Human Rights and
Combating Discrimination, through
Mr. Mihai Coman, President, had
an important contribution to the
laborious process of editing and
publishing of this brochure. The
process started on May 25, 2004
with the seminar THE
COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM FOR
THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS AND COMBATING
and will end with the publishing
and launching of this brochure in
the academic circles.
ENG
COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEM OF PROTECTION OF
THE HUMAN RIGHTS AND FIGHT AGAINST
DISCRIMINATION IN ROMANIA ROM
SISTEMUL COMPLEMENTAR DE PROTECIE
A DREPTURILOR OMULUI I DE COMBATERE
A DISCRIMINRII N ROMNIA
05
Astzi, n Romnia, complexul
de valori privind libertile
democratice ale ceteanului i
protecia drepturilor omului a
devenit nu numai un element al
percepiei comune i un fapt al
contiinei sociale, ci i o
component a doctrinelor politice
ale partidelor mature i un
i n s t r u me n t i mp o r t a n t a l
funcionrii statului de drept i
instituiilor sale.
Romnia a demonstrat c
atenia acordat drepturilor
minoritilor, modalitilor de
afirmare i de protejare a
identitilor etnice i culturale este
o cale ctre stabilitate,convieuire
panic i dezvoltare social, ara
noastr constituind mecanismele
insti-tuionale i legislative prin
care drepturile minoritilor etnice
sunt asigurate.
Cu toate acestea, nu suntem
complet imuni la posibile derapaje
ctre diferite forme de intoleran.
Europa Centrala i de Est a
c u n o s c u t d u p c d e r e a
comunismului conflicte violente,
care au artat ct de periculoas
poate fi ignorarea valorilor i
nefuncionarea democraiei,
nclcarea drepturilor i libertilor
ceteneti, tratamentul neadecvat
aplicat minoritilor. Este nevoie
de o vigilent permanent i de
eforturi de implicare personal sau
i ns cr i p i onal a cel or ca
Today, in Romania, the
complex of values concerning the
democratic liberties of the citizen
and the protection of the human
rights has become not only an
element of the common perception
and a fact of social conscience, but
also a component of political
doctrines of mature parties and an
important instrument for the
functioning of the legal statute and
of its institutions.
Romania has demonstrated that
the attention granted to the
mi nor i t i es ' r i ght s , t o t he
affi rmat i on modal i t i es and
protection of the ethnic and
cultural identities is a way to
stability, peaceful cohabitation and
social development, out country
having the institutional and
legislative mechanisms by which
the rights of the ethnic minorities
are guaranteed.
However, we are not completely
immune to the possible skidding to
various intolerance forms. The
Central Europe and the Eastern
Europe witnessed violent conflicts
after the collapse of communism,
whi c h de mons t r a t e d how
dangerous ignoring of values and
lack of operation, violation of the
rights and liberties of citizens,
unsuitable treatment applied to
minor children can be. Permanent
vi gi l ance our per sonal or
inscriptional involvement efforts
ENG
05
Astzi, n Romnia, complexul
de valori privind libertile
democratice ale ceteanului i
protecia drepturilor omului a
devenit nu numai un element al
percepiei comune i un fapt al
contiinei sociale, ci i o
component a doctrinelor politice
ale partidelor mature i un
i n s t r u me n t i mp o r t a n t a l
funcionrii statului de drept i
instituiilor sale.
Romnia a demonstrat c
atenia acordat drepturilor
minoritilor, modalitilor de
afirmare i de protejare a
identitilor etnice i culturale este
o cale ctre stabilitate,convieuire
panic i dezvoltare social, ara
noastr constituind mecanismele
insti-tuionale i legislative prin
care drepturile minoritilor etnice
sunt asigurate.
Cu toate acestea, nu suntem
complet imuni la posibile derapaje
ctre diferite forme de intoleran.
Europa Centrala i de Est a
c u n o s c u t d u p c d e r e a
comunismului conflicte violente,
care au artat ct de periculoas
poate fi ignorarea valorilor i
nefuncionarea democraiei,
nclcarea drepturilor i libertilor
ceteneti, tratamentul neadecvat
aplicat minoritilor. Este nevoie
de o vigilent permanent i de
eforturi de implicare personal sau
i ns cr i p i onal a cel or ca
Today, in Romania, the
complex of values concerning the
democratic liberties of the citizen
and the protection of the human
rights has become not only an
element of the common perception
and a fact of social conscience, but
also a component of political
doctrines of mature parties and an
important instrument for the
functioning of the legal statute and
of its institutions.
Romania has demonstrated that
the attention granted to the
mi nor i t i es ' r i ght s , t o t he
affi rmat i on modal i t i es and
protection of the ethnic and
cultural identities is a way to
stability, peaceful cohabitation and
social development, out country
having the institutional and
legislative mechanisms by which
the rights of the ethnic minorities
are guaranteed.
However, we are not completely
immune to the possible skidding to
various intolerance forms. The
Central Europe and the Eastern
Europe witnessed violent conflicts
after the collapse of communism,
whi c h de mons t r a t e d how
dangerous ignoring of values and
lack of operation, violation of the
rights and liberties of citizens,
unsuitable treatment applied to
minor children can be. Permanent
vi gi l ance our per sonal or
inscriptional involvement efforts
07
government, civil society for the
promotion of the human rights and
fight against discrimination.
This work, bilingually printed
shall be presented both to the
Romanian public, and to the
external partners that have been
showing special interest in this
matter.
Mihai COMAN
President of the Association for
the Promotion of Human
Rights and Fight against
Discrimination
promovarea drepturilor omului i
combaterea discriminrii.
Acest lucrare tiprit bilingv
va fi prezentat att opiniei publice
romneti, ct i partenerilor
externi care i-au manifestat un
interes deosebit n ultimul timp n
legtur cu aceast tematic.
Mihai COMAN
Preedinte al Asociaiei de
Promovare a Drepturilor
Omului i de Lupt mpotriva
Discriminrii

ENG
06
are needed.
I n t h i s c o n t e x t , t h e
compl ement ar y s ys t em of
protection of the human rights and
fight against discrimination
funct i oni ng i n Romani a i s
something new in the field.
Thus, the protection of human
rights is guaranteed through 5 main
pillars: governmental structures
(Department for Interethnic
Relations, as well as other related
depar t ment s f r om var i ous
ministries), the National Council
f o r t h e F i g h t a g a i n s t
Discrimination, the Ombudsman,
the Council of National Minorities,
as well as the civil society.
In the perspective of the future
United Europe, the outline of a
cohabitation among one's equals,
without discriminations, the
identification of the reduction and
elimination methods, in time, of
the actual economic and social
discrepancies shall impose more
and more as priority subjects and
common action objectives.
Al l t h e s e c a n n o t b e
a c c o mp l i s h e d u n l e s s t h e
consolidation activities of the
protection frame offered to our
mul t i c ul t ur a l s oc i e t y a r e
continued. This material represents
the first step in the accumulation of
information concerning the efforts
made by the Romanian society
dumneavoastr.
n acest context, sistemul
complementar de protecie a
drepturilor omului i de combatere
a discriminrii care funcioneaz n
Romnia este o noutate n
domeniu.
Astfel, protecia drepturilor
omului se realizeaz prin 5 piloni
de baz: structuri guvernamentale
(Departamentul pentru Relaii
Interetnice, precum i alte
departamente de profil din diverse
ministere), Consiliul Naional
pentru Combaterea Discriminrii,
Avocatul Poporului, Consiliul
Minoritilor Naionale,precum i
societatea civil.
n perspectiva viitoarei Europe
Unite, conturarea cadrului unei
convieuiri ntre egali, fr
discriminri, identificarea cilor
de reducere i eliminare, n timp, a
actualelor discrepane economico-
sociale se vor impune tot mai mult
ca teme prioritare i obiective de
aciuni comune.
Toate acestea nu pot fi ns
real i zat e dect cont i nund
activitilor de consolidare a
cadrului de protecie oferit
societii noastre multiculturale.
Acest material reprezint un prim
pas pentru cumularea informaiilor
privind eforturile fcute de
societatea romneasc - guvern,
s oci et at ea ci vi l pent r u
ENG
07
government, civil society for the
promotion of the human rights and
fight against discrimination.
This work, bilingually printed
shall be presented both to the
Romanian public, and to the
external partners that have been
showing special interest in this
matter.
Mihai COMAN
President of the Association for
the Promotion of Human
Rights and Fight against
Discrimination
promovarea drepturilor omului i
combaterea discriminrii.
Acest lucrare tiprit bilingv
va fi prezentat att opiniei publice
romneti, ct i partenerilor
externi care i-au manifestat un
interes deosebit n ultimul timp n
legtur cu aceast tematic.
Mihai COMAN
Preedinte al Asociaiei de
Promovare a Drepturilor
Omului i de Lupt mpotriva
Discriminrii

ENG
06
are needed.
I n t h i s c o n t e x t , t h e
compl ement ar y s ys t em of
protection of the human rights and
fight against discrimination
funct i oni ng i n Romani a i s
something new in the field.
Thus, the protection of human
rights is guaranteed through 5 main
pillars: governmental structures
(Department for Interethnic
Relations, as well as other related
depar t ment s f r om var i ous
ministries), the National Council
Discrimination, the Ombudsman,
the Council of National Minorities,
as well as the civil society.
In the perspective of the future
United Europe, the outline of a
cohabitation among one's equals,
without discriminations, the
identification of the reduction and
elimination methods, in time, of
the actual economic and social
discrepancies shall impose more
and more as priority subjects and
common action objectives.
Al l t h e s e c a n n o t b e
a c c o mp l i s h e d u n l e s s t h e
consolidation activities of the
protection frame offered to our
mul t i c ul t ur a l s oc i e t y a r e
continued. This material represents
the first step in the accumulation of
information concerning the efforts
made by the Romanian society
dumneavoastr.
n acest context, sistemul
complementar de protecie a
drepturilor omului i de combatere
a discriminrii care funcioneaz n
Romnia este o noutate n
domeniu.
Astfel, protecia drepturilor
omului se realizeaz prin 5 piloni
de baz: structuri guvernamentale
(Departamentul pentru Relaii
Interetnice, precum i alte
departamente de profil din diverse
ministere), Consiliul Naional
pentru Combaterea Discriminrii,
Avocatul Poporului, Consiliul
Minoritilor Naionale,precum i
societatea civil.
n perspectiva viitoarei Europe
Unite, conturarea cadrului unei
convieuiri ntre egali, fr
discriminri, identificarea cilor
de reducere i eliminare, n timp, a
actualelor discrepane economico-
sociale se vor impune tot mai mult
ca teme prioritare i obiective de
aciuni comune.
Toate acestea nu pot fi ns
real i zat e dect cont i nund
activitilor de consolidare a
cadrului de protecie oferit
societii noastre multiculturale.
Acest material reprezint un prim
pas pentru cumularea informaiilor
privind eforturile fcute de
societatea romneasc - guvern,
s oci et at ea ci vi l pent r u
ENG
09
consolidated an institutional
frame based on a normative
frame able to really promote and
protect human rights and the rights
of persons belonging to national
minorities. The institutional frame
is based on 5 complementary
pillars, on 5 institutional forms
that intermingle with each other,
and which, together, compose the
Romanian complementary system
for the protection of human rights
and of the rights of persons
belonging to national minorities.
This system can be considered as
complementary because the duties
o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s a r e
complementary. All the duties of
these institutions compose a
unitary system, complex and
fl exi bl e, abl e t o sat i sfy a
multicultural, multiethnic and
multi-linguistic society, a pattern
t owar ds whi ch t he ent i r e
international society is tending,
t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t t h e
globalization phenomenon and,
actually, the deepening of the
interdependencies of any kind
between the states.
The 5 pi l l ars t hat t he
complementary protection system
is based on are the following:
st
- 1 Pillar governmental
ma d e u p o f s e v e r a l
component s . The mos t
important component is the
instituional bazat pe un cadru
normativ capabil s promoveze i
sa protejeze n mod real drepturile
omului i drepturile persoanelor
aparinnd minoritilor naionale.
Cadrul instituional se bazeaz pe 5
piloni complementari, pe 5
forme instituionale care se
mpletesc, se ntreptrund i care,
npreun, reunite alctuiesc
sistemul complementar romnesc
de protecie a drepturilor omului i
a dr ept ur i l or per s oanel or
Acest sistem poate fi considerat
complementar deoarece atribuiile
instituiilor sunt complemetare.
Suma atribuiilor acestor instituii
alctuiesc un sistem unitar,
complex i flexibil, capabil s
r s p u n d u n e i s o c i e t i
multiculturale, multietnice i
multilingvistice, model spre care
se ndreapt ntreaga societate
internaional, avnd n vedere
fenomenul globalizrii, i de fapt,
adncirea interdependenelor de
orice natur dintre state.
Cei 5 piloni pe care se bazeaz
si st emul compl ement ar de
protecie sunt:
- Pilonul I guvernamental
care este alctuit din mai multe
c o mp o n e n t e . Ce a ma i
important component este
Departamentul pentru Relaii
I nt e r e t ni c e di n c a dr ul
ENG
08
ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENT FOR
INTERETHNIC RELATIONS
Dr. Cristian JURA
State Secretary
Complementary system of
human rights protection,
in general, and of the
national minorities of
Romania, in particular
I n Romani a, af t er t he
overthrow of the totalitarian
regime in December 1989,
important steps were made for the
creation of a specific protection
system for persons belonging to
national minorities, a system to
guarantee and assure them that
their own identity and culture shall
be respected.
Besides the granting of the
specific rights and liberties of
which the persons belonging to
national minorities enjoy, the
legislative frame in the field also
contains normative acts by which
structures are created, forming the
institutional frame concerning the
protection of national minorities.
He n c e , i n Ro ma n i a wa s
GUVERNUL ROMNIEI
RELAII INTERETNICE
Dr. Cristian JURA
Secretar de stat
Sistemul complementar de
protecie a drepturilor
omului
i a drepturilor persoanelor
aparinnd minoritilor
naionale din Romnia
n Romnia, dup rsturnarea
regimului totalitar n decembrie
1989, s-au efectuat pai importani
n crearea unui sistem de protecie
speci fi c pent ru persoanel e
aparinnd minoritilor naionale,
sistem care s garanteze i s
asigure acestora respectarea
identitii i culturii proprii.
P e l n g c o n s a c r a r e a
drepturilor i libertilor specifice
de care se bucur persoanele
cadrul legislativ n materie
cuprinde i acte normative prin
care se nfiineaz structuri ce
formeaz cadrul instituional legat
de pr ot ec i a mi nor i t i l or
naionale. Aadar, n Romnia a
f os t cons ol i dat un cadru
ENG
09
consolidated an institutional
frame based on a normative
frame able to really promote and
protect human rights and the rights
of persons belonging to national
minorities. The institutional frame
is based on 5 complementary
pillars, on 5 institutional forms
that intermingle with each other,
and which, together, compose the
Romanian complementary system
for the protection of human rights
and of the rights of persons
belonging to national minorities.
This system can be considered as
complementary because the duties
o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s a r e
complementary. All the duties of
these institutions compose a
unitary system, complex and
fl exi bl e, abl e t o sat i sfy a
multicultural, multiethnic and
multi-linguistic society, a pattern
t owar ds whi ch t he ent i r e
international society is tending,
t a k i n g i n t o a c c o u n t t h e
globalization phenomenon and,
actually, the deepening of the
interdependencies of any kind
between the states.
The 5 pi l l ars t hat t he
complementary protection system
is based on are the following:
st
- 1 Pillar governmental
ma d e u p o f s e v e r a l
component s . The mos t
important component is the
instituional bazat pe un cadru
normativ capabil s promoveze i
sa protejeze n mod real drepturile
omului i drepturile persoanelor
Cadrul instituional se bazeaz pe 5
piloni complementari, pe 5
forme instituionale care se
mpletesc, se ntreptrund i care,
npreun, reunite alctuiesc
sistemul complementar romnesc
de protecie a drepturilor omului i
a dr ept ur i l or per s oanel or
Acest sistem poate fi considerat
complementar deoarece atribuiile
instituiilor sunt complemetare.
Suma atribuiilor acestor instituii
alctuiesc un sistem unitar,
complex i flexibil, capabil s
r s p u n d u n e i s o c i e t i
multiculturale, multietnice i
multilingvistice, model spre care
se ndreapt ntreaga societate
internaional, avnd n vedere
fenomenul globalizrii, i de fapt,
adncirea interdependenelor de
orice natur dintre state.
Cei 5 piloni pe care se bazeaz
protecie sunt:
- Pilonul I guvernamental
care este alctuit din mai multe
c o mp o n e n t e . Ce a ma i
important component este
I nt e r e t ni c e di n c a dr ul
ENG
08
ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENT FOR
Dr. Cristian JURA
State Secretary
Complementary system of
human rights protection,
in general, and of the
national minorities of
Romania, in particular
I n Romani a, af t er t he
overthrow of the totalitarian
regime in December 1989,
important steps were made for the
creation of a specific protection
system for persons belonging to
national minorities, a system to
guarantee and assure them that
their own identity and culture shall
be respected.
Besides the granting of the
specific rights and liberties of
which the persons belonging to
national minorities enjoy, the
legislative frame in the field also
contains normative acts by which
structures are created, forming the
institutional frame concerning the
protection of national minorities.
He n c e , i n Ro ma n i a wa s
GUVERNUL ROMNIEI
RELAII INTERETNICE
Dr. Cristian JURA
Secretar de stat
Sistemul complementar de
protecie a drepturilor
omului
i a drepturilor persoanelor
naionale din Romnia
n Romnia, dup rsturnarea
regimului totalitar n decembrie
1989, s-au efectuat pai importani
n crearea unui sistem de protecie
speci fi c pent ru persoanel e
sistem care s garanteze i s
asigure acestora respectarea
identitii i culturii proprii.
P e l n g c o n s a c r a r e a
drepturilor i libertilor specifice
de care se bucur persoanele
cadrul legislativ n materie
cuprinde i acte normative prin
care se nfiineaz structuri ce
formeaz cadrul instituional legat
de pr ot ec i a mi nor i t i l or
naionale. Aadar, n Romnia a
f os t cons ol i dat un cadru
ENG
11
be l ongi ng t o na t i ona l
minorities and the propositions
of i mpr ovement of t he
legislative frame in the field of
national minorities. It is
important to specify that only
organizations of the national
minorities can be part of the
National Minority Council,
according to the legislation in
force in Romania.
rd
- 3 Pillar represented by
the National Council for the
F i g h t a g a i n s t
Discrimination. The Council
is an institution specialized in
t h e f i g h t a g a i n s t
discrimination, racism and
intolerance. We consider it to
be a pillar different from the
Ombudsman because this
institution is based on two
European directives, and the
a t t r i b u t i o n s a r e
complementary to those of the
Omb u d s ma n , wi t h o u t
superposing them.
th
the Ombudsman. Its main
duty is to defend the rights and
liberties of citizens against the
abuse or interference of public
authorities. The institution
receives and solves the
complaints against natural
persons regarding the violation
of the civic rights and liberties
l egi sl at i v di n domeni ul
minoritilor naionale. Este
important de precizat c din
Cons i l i ul Mi nor i t i l or
Naionale nu pot face parte
d e c t o r g a n i z a i i a l e
minoritilor naionale, n
conformitate cu legislaia n
vigoare din Romnia.
- Pilonul III reprezentat
de Consiliul Naional pentru
Combaterea Discriminrii.
Consiliul este o instituie
specializat n combaterea
discriminrii, rasismului i
intoleranei. Considerm a fi
un pilon distinct de Avocatul
Poporului deoarece aceast
instituie se bazeaz pe dou
di r ect i ve eur opene, i ar
atribuiile sunt complementare
cu ale Avocatului Poporului
fr a se suprapune.
- Pilonul IV reprezentat de
Av o c a t u l P o p o r u l u i .
Principala sa atribuie este
aprarea drepturilor i liber-
tilor cetenilor mpotriva
abuzului sau ingerinelor
autoritilor publice. Instituia
primete i soluioneaz
plngeri adresate de persoane
fizice, cu privire la nclcrile
drepturilor i libertilor
ceteneti svrite de organe
ale administraiei publice. n
structura acestei instituii
ENG
10
Department for Interethnic
Relations within the Romanian
Government, whose role is to
elaborate and submit for
e n d o r s e m e n t t o t h e
Government strategies related
to keeping, developing or
expressing the identity of
persons belonging to national
mi n o r i t i e s . Al s o , t h e
Depart ment assures t he
management of the budgets
meant to attain the purposes
proposed. The specialized
departments for minorities
within other ministries such as
the Ministry of Culture and
Cults or the Ministry of
Education and Research can be
c o n s i d e r e d a s o t h e r
components of this pillar,
developing activities by
specific activity areas;
nd
t he Nat i onal Mi nori t y
Council. Among the duties of
the National Minority Council,
the most important are the
coordination and support of the
activity of the organizations of
citizens belonging to national
minorities, the proposal of
e n d o r s e m e n t o f t h e
distribution of the funds
allotted in the State budget for
t h e s u p p o r t o f t h e
organizations of citizens
Guvernului Romniei, care are
rolul de a elabora i supune
Guvernului spre aprobare
strategii pentru pstrarea,
dezvoltarea i exprimarea
i de nt i t i i pe r s oa ne l or
apar i nnd mi nor i t i l or
naionale. De asemenea,
De pa r t a me nt ul a s i gur
gestionarea bugetelor destinate
atingerii scopurilor propuse.
Alte componente ale acestui
pilon pot fi considerate
departamentele specializate
pentru minoriti din cadrul
altor ministere, cum ar fi
Ministerul Culturii i Cultelor,
Mi ni st er ul Educa i ei i
Cercetrii, care desfoar
activiti pe zonele specifice de
activitate;
- Pilonul II reprezentat de
Consi l i ul Mi nori ti l or
Naionale. Dintre atribuiile
Consiliului Minoritilor
Naionale cele mai importante
sunt coordonarea i sprijinirea
activitii organizaiilor cet-
enilor aparinnd minoritilor
naionale, propunerea spre
apr obar e a r epar t i zr i i
fondurilor alocate n bugetul de
s t a t pe nt r u s pr i j i ni r e a
organizaiilor cetenilor
naionale i propunerile de
mbunt i re a cadrul ui
ENG
11
be l ongi ng t o na t i ona l
minorities and the propositions
of i mpr ovement of t he
legislative frame in the field of
national minorities. It is
important to specify that only
minorities can be part of the
National Minority Council,
according to the legislation in
force in Romania.
rd
the National Council for the
F i g h t a g a i n s t
Discrimination. The Council
is an institution specialized in
t h e f i g h t a g a i n s t
discrimination, racism and
intolerance. We consider it to
be a pillar different from the
Ombudsman because this
institution is based on two
European directives, and the
a t t r i b u t i o n s a r e
complementary to those of the
Omb u d s ma n , wi t h o u t
superposing them.
th
the Ombudsman. Its main
duty is to defend the rights and
liberties of citizens against the
abuse or interference of public
authorities. The institution
receives and solves the
complaints against natural
persons regarding the violation
of the civic rights and liberties
l egi sl at i v di n domeni ul
minoritilor naionale. Este
important de precizat c din
Cons i l i ul Mi nor i t i l or
Naionale nu pot face parte
d e c t o r g a n i z a i i a l e
minoritilor naionale, n
conformitate cu legislaia n
vigoare din Romnia.
- Pilonul III reprezentat
de Consiliul Naional pentru
Combaterea Discriminrii.
Consiliul este o instituie
specializat n combaterea
discriminrii, rasismului i
intoleranei. Considerm a fi
un pilon distinct de Avocatul
Poporului deoarece aceast
instituie se bazeaz pe dou
di r ect i ve eur opene, i ar
atribuiile sunt complementare
cu ale Avocatului Poporului
fr a se suprapune.
- Pilonul IV reprezentat de
Av o c a t u l P o p o r u l u i .
Principala sa atribuie este
aprarea drepturilor i liber-
tilor cetenilor mpotriva
abuzului sau ingerinelor
autoritilor publice. Instituia
primete i soluioneaz
drepturilor i libertilor
ceteneti svrite de organe
ale administraiei publice. n
structura acestei instituii
ENG
10
Relations within the Romanian
Government, whose role is to
elaborate and submit for
e n d o r s e m e n t t o t h e
Government strategies related
to keeping, developing or
expressing the identity of
mi n o r i t i e s . Al s o , t h e
Depart ment assures t he
management of the budgets
meant to attain the purposes
proposed. The specialized
departments for minorities
within other ministries such as
the Ministry of Culture and
Cults or the Ministry of
Education and Research can be
c o n s i d e r e d a s o t h e r
components of this pillar,
developing activities by
specific activity areas;
nd
t he Nat i onal Mi nori t y
Council. Among the duties of
the National Minority Council,
the most important are the
coordination and support of the
activity of the organizations of
minorities, the proposal of
e n d o r s e m e n t o f t h e
distribution of the funds
allotted in the State budget for
t h e s u p p o r t o f t h e
organizations of citizens
Guvernului Romniei, care are
rolul de a elabora i supune
Guvernului spre aprobare
strategii pentru pstrarea,
dezvoltarea i exprimarea
i de nt i t i i pe r s oa ne l or
naionale. De asemenea,
De pa r t a me nt ul a s i gur
gestionarea bugetelor destinate
atingerii scopurilor propuse.
Alte componente ale acestui
pilon pot fi considerate
departamentele specializate
pentru minoriti din cadrul
altor ministere, cum ar fi
Ministerul Culturii i Cultelor,
Mi ni st er ul Educa i ei i
Cercetrii, care desfoar
activiti pe zonele specifice de
activitate;
- Pilonul II reprezentat de
Consi l i ul Mi nori ti l or
Naionale. Dintre atribuiile
Naionale cele mai importante
sunt coordonarea i sprijinirea
activitii organizaiilor cet-
enilor aparinnd minoritilor
naionale, propunerea spre
apr obar e a r epar t i zr i i
fondurilor alocate n bugetul de
s t a t pe nt r u s pr i j i ni r e a
naionale i propunerile de
mbunt i re a cadrul ui
ENG
13
1. DEPARTMENT FOR
INTERETHNIC
RELATIONS
In order to implement the need
of the Government to consult the
national minorities, in 1997 the
Government created an internal
structure responsible in this
direction, namely the Department
for the Protection of National
Minorities, managed by a deputy
minister. The main duties of this
organism were the elaboration of
the governmental policy in relation
with minorities, drawing up of the
proposition of normative acts in the
field of the national minority
protection, of the organization or
support of interethnic programs.
Af t er t he el ect i ons of
November 2000, the Department
Mi n o r i t i e s b e c o me s t h e
Relations, developing its activity
within the Ministry of Public
Information.
Following the reorganization
of the Government in year 2003,
the Department for Interethnic
Relations becomes a body in the
suborder of the Prime Minister and
coordinated with the Ministry for
the coordination of the General
Secretariat of the Government,
according to the H. G. no.
1. DEPARTAMENTUL
PENTRU RELAII
INTERETNICE
Pentru a pune n aplicare
necesitatea consultrii de ctre
Guvern a minoritilor naionale,
n 1997 Guvernul a creat o
structur intern responsabil n
a c e s t s e n s , i a n u m e
Departamentul pentru Protecia
Minoritilor Naionale, condus
d e u n mi n i s t r u d e l e g a t .
Principalele atribuii ale acestui
organism erau elaborarea politicii
guvernament al e n mat eri a
minoritilor, ntocmirea propu-
nerilor de acte normative n
domeniul proteciei minoritilor
naionale, organizarea sau spri-
jinirea unor programe interetnice.
Dup alegerile din noiembrie
2000, Departamentul pentru
Protecia Minoritilor Naionale
devine Departamentul pentru
Relaii Interetnice, desfurndu-
i activitatea n cadrul Ministerului
Informaiilor Publice.
n u r ma r e o r g a n i z r i i
Guvernului din anul 2003,
Interetnice devine organism n
subordinea Primului Ministru i n
coordonarea Ministrului pentru
coordonarea Secret ari at ul ui
General al Guvernului, conform
H.G. nr. 749/2003.
ENG
12
committed by the public
administration bodies. In the
structure of this institution
there is a Department for
pr obl e ms r e f e r r i ng t o
minorities, cults and mass-
media.
th
the civil society. Here qualify
t h e n o n - g o v e r n me n t a l
organizations, the academic
environment, the research
institutes, social partners,
experts and activists in the
field of the protection of
human rights and of the rights
of persons belonging to
national minorities.
Hereinafter we shall present all
the institutions composing the
complementary system for the
protection of human rights and of
the rights of persons belonging to
na t i ona l mi nor i t i e s . Thi s
presentation shall not go very
deeply into details, because each
institution shall benefit from a
separate presentation, much more
detailed, from which shall result
their duties and their institutional
complementariness.
exist un Departament pentru
probleme privind minoritile,
cultele i mass-media.
- Pilonul V reprezentat de
societatea civil. Din acest
pilon fac parte organizaii
neguvernamenatle, mediul
a c a de mi c , i ns t i t ut e de
cercetare, partenerii sociali,
experi i activiti n domeniul
proteciei drepturilor omului i
a drept uri l or apar i nnd
minori-tilor naionale.
n continuare, vor fi prezentate
toate instituiile care alctuiesc
protecie al drepturilor omului i a
drepturilor persoanelor aparinnd
minori-tilor naionale. Aceast
prezentare nu va intra foarte mult
n detalii, deoarece fiecare
instituie va beneficia de o
prezentare separat, mult mi
detaliat, din care vor reiei
atribuiile fiecreia i comple-
mentaritatea instituional.
ENG
13
1. DEPARTMENT FOR
INTERETHNIC
RELATIONS
In order to implement the need
of the Government to consult the
national minorities, in 1997 the
Government created an internal
structure responsible in this
direction, namely the Department
Minorities, managed by a deputy
minister. The main duties of this
organism were the elaboration of
the governmental policy in relation
with minorities, drawing up of the
proposition of normative acts in the
field of the national minority
protection, of the organization or
support of interethnic programs.
Af t er t he el ect i ons of
November 2000, the Department
Mi n o r i t i e s b e c o me s t h e
Relations, developing its activity
within the Ministry of Public
Information.
Following the reorganization
of the Government in year 2003,
the Department for Interethnic
Relations becomes a body in the
suborder of the Prime Minister and
coordinated with the Ministry for
the coordination of the General
Secretariat of the Government,
according to the H. G. no.
1. DEPARTAMENTUL
PENTRU RELAII
INTERETNICE
Pentru a pune n aplicare
necesitatea consultrii de ctre
Guvern a minoritilor naionale,
n 1997 Guvernul a creat o
structur intern responsabil n
a c e s t s e n s , i a n u m e
Departamentul pentru Protecia
Minoritilor Naionale, condus
d e u n mi n i s t r u d e l e g a t .
Principalele atribuii ale acestui
organism erau elaborarea politicii
guvernament al e n mat eri a
minoritilor, ntocmirea propu-
nerilor de acte normative n
domeniul proteciei minoritilor
naionale, organizarea sau spri-
jinirea unor programe interetnice.
Dup alegerile din noiembrie
2000, Departamentul pentru
Protecia Minoritilor Naionale
devine Departamentul pentru
Relaii Interetnice, desfurndu-
i activitatea n cadrul Ministerului
Informaiilor Publice.
n u r ma r e o r g a n i z r i i
Guvernului din anul 2003,
Interetnice devine organism n
subordinea Primului Ministru i n
coordonarea Ministrului pentru
coordonarea Secret ari at ul ui
General al Guvernului, conform
H.G. nr. 749/2003.
ENG
12
committed by the public
administration bodies. In the
structure of this institution
there is a Department for
pr obl e ms r e f e r r i ng t o
minorities, cults and mass-
media.
th
the civil society. Here qualify
t h e n o n - g o v e r n me n t a l
organizations, the academic
environment, the research
institutes, social partners,
experts and activists in the
field of the protection of
human rights and of the rights
of persons belonging to
Hereinafter we shall present all
the institutions composing the
complementary system for the
protection of human rights and of
the rights of persons belonging to
na t i ona l mi nor i t i e s . Thi s
presentation shall not go very
deeply into details, because each
institution shall benefit from a
separate presentation, much more
detailed, from which shall result
their duties and their institutional
complementariness.
exist un Departament pentru
probleme privind minoritile,
cultele i mass-media.
- Pilonul V reprezentat de
societatea civil. Din acest
pilon fac parte organizaii
neguvernamenatle, mediul
a c a de mi c , i ns t i t ut e de
cercetare, partenerii sociali,
experi i activiti n domeniul
proteciei drepturilor omului i
a drept uri l or apar i nnd
minori-tilor naionale.
n continuare, vor fi prezentate
toate instituiile care alctuiesc
protecie al drepturilor omului i a
drepturilor persoanelor aparinnd
minori-tilor naionale. Aceast
prezentare nu va intra foarte mult
n detalii, deoarece fiecare
instituie va beneficia de o
prezentare separat, mult mi
detaliat, din care vor reiei
atribuiile fiecreia i comple-
mentaritatea instituional.
ENG
15
f) administers competitions
with projects of organizations,
associations, foundations or other
institutions of the funds allotted
from the State budget for this
purpose or from extra-budgetary
revenues;
g) collaborates with the
National Minority Council, under
the law;
h) follows the application of
the legal provisions concerning
protection of national minorities by
the local public authorities;
i) requests and receives data
and information from the public
a ut hor i t i e s , ne c e s s a r y t o
accomplish their own duties, under
the law;
j) establishes and maintains
relationships with governmental
a n d n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l
organizations from the country or
from abroad and with international
bodies with activity in the field of
national minorities and of fighting
against ethnic discrimination;
k) promotes and organizes
pr ogr a ms c onc e r ni ng t he
guaranteeing, keeping, expressing,
promotion and development of the
ethnic, cultural, linguistic and
religious identity of persons
belonging to national minorities;
l ) mai nt ai ns per manent
relations and collaborates with the
authorities of the local public
asociaiilor, fundaiilor sau ale
altor instituii din fondurile alocate
de la bugetul de stat n acest scop
sau din venituri extrabugetare;
g) colaboreaz cu Consiliul
Mi nori t i l or Na i onal e, n
condiiile legii;
h) ur mr e t e apl i car ea
prevederi l or l egal e pri vi nd
protecia minoritilor naionale de
ctre autoritile publice locale;
i) solicit i primete date i
informaii de la autoritile
publice, necesare ndeplinirii
atribuiilor proprii, n condiiile
legii;
j) stabilete i menine relaii cu
organizaii guvernamentale i
neguvernamentale din ar i din
strintate i cu organisme
internaionale cu activitate n
domeniul minoritilor naionale i
al combaterii discriminrii pe
criterii etnice;
k) promoveaz i organizeaz
programe privind garantarea,
pstrarea, exprimarea, promovarea
i dezvoltarea identitii etnice,
culturale, lingvistice i religioase a
p e r s o a n e l o r a p a r i n n d
minoritilor naionale;
l) menine legturi permanente
i colaboreaz cu autoritile
administraiei publice locale, prin
reprezentani cu competene
teritoriale, n vederea identificrii
pr obl e me l or s pe c i f i c e i
ENG
14
749/2003.
The department for Interethnic
Relations has the following main
duties:
a) elaborates and submits to the
Government for endorsement
strategies for keeping, developing
and expressing of the identity of
minorities;
b) elaborates law projects and
other normative acts on its field of
activity;
c) endorses law projects and
other normative acts that have
incidence on the rights and
liabilities of persons belonging to
national minorities;
d) monitors the application of
the internal and international
nor ma t i ve a c t s r e ga r di ng
protection of national minorities;
e) submits the Government for
enactment, upon the fundamental
proposition of the National
Minority Council, based on Law
no. 500/2002 regarding public
finances and annual budgetary
laws, projects of resolutions for the
granting of financial assistance to
the organizations of persons
belonging to national minorities,
members of the National Minority
Council, and for the approval of the
distribution of the amounts allotted
from the State budget to these
organizations;
Interetnice are urmtoarele
atribuii principale:
a) elaboreaz i supune
Guvernului spre aprobare strategii
pentru pstrarea, dezvoltarea i
exprimarea identitii persoanelor
aparinnd minoritilor naionale;
b) elaboreaz proiecte de legi i
alte acte normative din domeniul
su de activitate;
c) avizeaz proiecte de lege i
alte acte normative, care au
inciden asupra drepturilor i
n d a t o r i r i l o r p e r s o a n e l o r
d) monitorizeaz aplicarea
actelor normative interne i
internaionale referitoare la
protecia minoritilor naionale;
e) supune Guvernului spre
a d o p t a r e , l a p r o p u n e r e a
fundamentat a Consiliului
Minoritilor Naionale, n baza
Legii nr. 500/2002 privind
finanele publice i a legilor
bugetare anuale, proiecte de
hotrri pentru acordarea de
asisten financiar organizaiilor
minoritilor naionale, membre
ale Consiliului Minoritilor
Naionale, i pentru aprobarea
repartizrii sumelor alocate prin
bugetul de stat acestor organizaii;
f) gestioneaz concursuri de
proi ect e al e organi za i i l or,
ENG
15
f) administers competitions
with projects of organizations,
associations, foundations or other
institutions of the funds allotted
from the State budget for this
purpose or from extra-budgetary
revenues;
g) collaborates with the
National Minority Council, under
the law;
h) follows the application of
the legal provisions concerning
protection of national minorities by
the local public authorities;
i) requests and receives data
and information from the public
a ut hor i t i e s , ne c e s s a r y t o
accomplish their own duties, under
the law;
j) establishes and maintains
relationships with governmental
a n d n o n - g o v e r n m e n t a l
organizations from the country or
from abroad and with international
national minorities and of fighting
against ethnic discrimination;
k) promotes and organizes
pr ogr a ms c onc e r ni ng t he
guaranteeing, keeping, expressing,
promotion and development of the
ethnic, cultural, linguistic and
religious identity of persons
l ) mai nt ai ns per manent
relations and collaborates with the
authorities of the local public
asociaiilor, fundaiilor sau ale
altor instituii din fondurile alocate
de la bugetul de stat n acest scop
sau din venituri extrabugetare;
g) colaboreaz cu Consiliul
Mi nori t i l or Na i onal e, n
condiiile legii;
h) ur mr e t e apl i car ea
prevederi l or l egal e pri vi nd
protecia minoritilor naionale de
ctre autoritile publice locale;
i) solicit i primete date i
informaii de la autoritile
publice, necesare ndeplinirii
atribuiilor proprii, n condiiile
legii;
j) stabilete i menine relaii cu
organizaii guvernamentale i
neguvernamentale din ar i din
strintate i cu organisme
internaionale cu activitate n
domeniul minoritilor naionale i
al combaterii discriminrii pe
criterii etnice;
k) promoveaz i organizeaz
programe privind garantarea,
pstrarea, exprimarea, promovarea
i dezvoltarea identitii etnice,
culturale, lingvistice i religioase a
l) menine legturi permanente
i colaboreaz cu autoritile
administraiei publice locale, prin
reprezentani cu competene
teritoriale, n vederea identificrii
pr obl e me l or s pe c i f i c e i
ENG
14
749/2003.
The department for Interethnic
Relations has the following main
duties:
a) elaborates and submits to the
Government for endorsement
strategies for keeping, developing
and expressing of the identity of
minorities;
b) elaborates law projects and
other normative acts on its field of
activity;
c) endorses law projects and
other normative acts that have
incidence on the rights and
liabilities of persons belonging to
d) monitors the application of
the internal and international
nor ma t i ve a c t s r e ga r di ng
protection of national minorities;
e) submits the Government for
enactment, upon the fundamental
proposition of the National
Minority Council, based on Law
no. 500/2002 regarding public
finances and annual budgetary
laws, projects of resolutions for the
granting of financial assistance to
the organizations of persons
Council, and for the approval of the
distribution of the amounts allotted
from the State budget to these
organizations;
Interetnice are urmtoarele
atribuii principale:
a) elaboreaz i supune
Guvernului spre aprobare strategii
pentru pstrarea, dezvoltarea i
exprimarea identitii persoanelor
b) elaboreaz proiecte de legi i
alte acte normative din domeniul
su de activitate;
c) avizeaz proiecte de lege i
alte acte normative, care au
inciden asupra drepturilor i
n d a t o r i r i l o r p e r s o a n e l o r
d) monitorizeaz aplicarea
actelor normative interne i
internaionale referitoare la
protecia minoritilor naionale;
e) supune Guvernului spre
a d o p t a r e , l a p r o p u n e r e a
fundamentat a Consiliului
Minoritilor Naionale, n baza
Legii nr. 500/2002 privind
finanele publice i a legilor
bugetare anuale, proiecte de
hotrri pentru acordarea de
asisten financiar organizaiilor
minoritilor naionale, membre
ale Consiliului Minoritilor
Naionale, i pentru aprobarea
repartizrii sumelor alocate prin
bugetul de stat acestor organizaii;
f) gestioneaz concursuri de
proi ect e al e organi za i i l or,
ENG
17
Government Urgency Ordinance
no. 11/2004. The Bureau is
coordinated by Mr. Ilie Dinc,
State sub-secretary, personality of
the Roma people.
The protection of the national
minorities and the improvement of
the Roma people situation is
achieved by the permanent and
active implication of central public
institutions, as well as of the local
authorities, so that these aims may
become integral part of the current
a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e p u b l i c
administration, at all levels. An
important document consisted in
the adoption of the Strategy of the
Romanian Government for the
improvement of the Roma
people situation, elaborated by the
Ministry of Public Information,
after consulting the ministries and
the Workgroup of the Roma People
Associations. The adoption of the
strategy and its validation through
a Government resolution (H.G. no.
th
430/25 of April 2001) answers the
need of taking well coordinated
measures for the improvement of
the Roma people situation, which
continues to be a short- or average-
term priority in the activity of the
department, as well as one of the
political criteria on which depends
Romania's process of adherence to
the European Union. The strategy
is applied on liability sectorial
areas: community development
Pr ot e c i a mi nor i t i l or
naionale i mbuntirea situaiei
romi l or se real i zeaz pri n
implicarea permanent i activ a
instituiilor publice centrale
precum i a autoritilor locale,
astfel nct aceste obiective s
devi n par t e i nt egr ant a
a c t i v i t i l o r c u r e n t e a l e
administraiei publice, la toate
nivelurile. Un document important
l-a constituit adoptarea Strategiei
Guvernului Romniei pentru
mbuntirea situaiei romilor,
e l a b o r a t d e Mi n i s t e r u l
Informaiilor Publice cu consul-
tarea ministerelor i a Grupului de
Lucru al Asociaiilor Romilor.
Adoptarea strategiei i validarea ei
prin hotrre a Guvernului (H.G.
nr. 430/25.04.2001) rspunde
imperativului de luare a unor
msuri bine coordonate pentru
care continu s fie o prioritate pe
t er men scur t i medi u n
activitatea departamentului,
precum i unul din criteriile
politice de care depinde procesul
de aderare a Romniei la Uniunea
European. Strategia este pus n
aplicare pe arii sectoriale de
responsabi l i t at e: dezvol t are
comunitar i administraie,
l ocui n e, asi st en soci al ,
sntate, economie, justiie i
ordine public, protecia copilului,
ENG
16
a d mi n i s t r a t i o n , t h r o u g h
representatives with territorial
c ompe t e nc e s , i n vi e w of
identifying specific problems and
solving them;
m) supports scientific research
in the field of interethnic relations,
by maintaining contacts and
collaborating with organizations,
institutions and personalities in the
field;
n) pa r t i c i pa t e s i n t he
el abor at i on of t he Repor t
concerning the application in
Romania of the Frame-Convention
for the protection of national
minorities of the European
Council, as well as in the
elaboration of the chapters
concerning national minorities in
the Romania's reports to other
international institutions and
bodies.
We must outline the very good
col l abor at i on bet ween t he
Depart ment for Int eret hni c
Rel at i ons and t he gener al
departments for national minorities
within the Ministry of Education
and Research and the Ministry of
Culture and Cults.
The problematic of the Roma
people is administered by the
Bureau for Roma peopl e
problems, operating within the
Relations, according to the
soluionrii acestora;
m) sprijin cercetrile tiinifice
n domeniul relaiilor interetnice,
prin meninerea de contacte i
col aborarea cu organi za i i ,
instituii i personaliti din
domeniu;
n) particip la elaborarea
Raportului cu privire la aplicarea
de ctre Romnia a Conventiei-
c a d r u p e n t r u p r o t e c i a
mi nor i t i l or na i ona l e a
Consiliului Europei, precum i la
elaborarea capitolelor referitoare
la minoritile naionale din
rapoartele Romniei ctre alte
instituii i organisme interna-
ionale.
T r e b u i e m e n i o n a t
colaborarea foarte bun dintre
Interetnice i direciile generale
pentru minoriti naionale din
cadrul Ministerului Educaiei i
Cercetrii i Ministerului Culturii
i Cultelor.
Problematica romilor este
gestionat de ctre Oficiul pentru
Probl e me l e Romi l or , c e
f u n c i o n e a z n c a d r u l
Departamentului pentru Relaii
Interetnice, conform Ordonanei
de Urgen a Guvernului nr. 11/
2004. Oficiul este coordonat de dl.
Ilie Dinc, subsecretar de stat,
personalitate din rndul etniei
romilor.
ENG
17
Government Urgency Ordinance
no. 11/2004. The Bureau is
coordinated by Mr. Ilie Dinc,
State sub-secretary, personality of
the Roma people.
The protection of the national
minorities and the improvement of
the Roma people situation is
achieved by the permanent and
active implication of central public
institutions, as well as of the local
authorities, so that these aims may
become integral part of the current
a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e p u b l i c
administration, at all levels. An
important document consisted in
the adoption of the Strategy of the
Romanian Government for the
people situation, elaborated by the
Ministry of Public Information,
after consulting the ministries and
the Workgroup of the Roma People
Associations. The adoption of the
strategy and its validation through
a Government resolution (H.G. no.
th
430/25 of April 2001) answers the
need of taking well coordinated
measures for the improvement of
the Roma people situation, which
continues to be a short- or average-
term priority in the activity of the
department, as well as one of the
political criteria on which depends
Romania's process of adherence to
the European Union. The strategy
is applied on liability sectorial
areas: community development
Pr ot e c i a mi nor i t i l or
naionale i mbuntirea situaiei
romi l or se real i zeaz pri n
implicarea permanent i activ a
instituiilor publice centrale
precum i a autoritilor locale,
astfel nct aceste obiective s
devi n par t e i nt egr ant a
a c t i v i t i l o r c u r e n t e a l e
administraiei publice, la toate
nivelurile. Un document important
l-a constituit adoptarea Strategiei
Guvernului Romniei pentru
e l a b o r a t d e Mi n i s t e r u l
Informaiilor Publice cu consul-
tarea ministerelor i a Grupului de
Lucru al Asociaiilor Romilor.
Adoptarea strategiei i validarea ei
prin hotrre a Guvernului (H.G.
nr. 430/25.04.2001) rspunde
imperativului de luare a unor
msuri bine coordonate pentru
care continu s fie o prioritate pe
t er men scur t i medi u n
activitatea departamentului,
precum i unul din criteriile
politice de care depinde procesul
de aderare a Romniei la Uniunea
European. Strategia este pus n
aplicare pe arii sectoriale de
responsabi l i t at e: dezvol t are
comunitar i administraie,
l ocui n e, asi st en soci al ,
sntate, economie, justiie i
ordine public, protecia copilului,
ENG
16
a d mi n i s t r a t i o n , t h r o u g h
representatives with territorial
c ompe t e nc e s , i n vi e w of
identifying specific problems and
solving them;
m) supports scientific research
in the field of interethnic relations,
by maintaining contacts and
collaborating with organizations,
institutions and personalities in the
field;
n) pa r t i c i pa t e s i n t he
el abor at i on of t he Repor t
concerning the application in
Romania of the Frame-Convention
for the protection of national
minorities of the European
Council, as well as in the
elaboration of the chapters
concerning national minorities in
the Romania's reports to other
international institutions and
bodies.
We must outline the very good
Rel at i ons and t he gener al
departments for national minorities
within the Ministry of Education
and Research and the Ministry of
Culture and Cults.
The problematic of the Roma
people is administered by the
Bureau for Roma peopl e
problems, operating within the
Relations, according to the
soluionrii acestora;
m) sprijin cercetrile tiinifice
n domeniul relaiilor interetnice,
prin meninerea de contacte i
col aborarea cu organi za i i ,
instituii i personaliti din
domeniu;
n) particip la elaborarea
Raportului cu privire la aplicarea
de ctre Romnia a Conventiei-
c a d r u p e n t r u p r o t e c i a
mi nor i t i l or na i ona l e a
Consiliului Europei, precum i la
elaborarea capitolelor referitoare
la minoritile naionale din
rapoartele Romniei ctre alte
instituii i organisme interna-
ionale.
T r e b u i e m e n i o n a t
colaborarea foarte bun dintre
Interetnice i direciile generale
pentru minoriti naionale din
Cercetrii i Ministerului Culturii
i Cultelor.
Problematica romilor este
gestionat de ctre Oficiul pentru
Probl e me l e Romi l or , c e
f u n c i o n e a z n c a d r u l
Interetnice, conform Ordonanei
de Urgen a Guvernului nr. 11/
2004. Oficiul este coordonat de dl.
Ilie Dinc, subsecretar de stat,
personalitate din rndul etniei
romilor.
ENG
19
2. NATIONAL
MINORITY COUNCIL
(CMN)
In Romania several parties and
minorities are operational. Those
represented in the Parliament are
t he f ol l owi ng: Democr at i c
Hungarian Union of Romania,
Democratic Forum of Germans of
Romania, Social-Democratic Party
of Roma People, Union of Serbians
of Romania, Union of Armenians
of Romania, Democratic Union of
Tartars, Turks and Moslems of
Romania, Democratic Union of
Turks of Romania, Union of
Ukrainians of Romania, Cultural
Union of Ruthenians of Romania,
Union of Poles of Romania,
Democratic Union of Slovaks and
Czechs of Romania, Bulgarian
Union of Banat Romania,
Community of Lipova Russians of
Romania, Federation of Jewish
Communities of Romania, Union
of Croats of Romania, Association
of Macedonians of Romania,
League of Albanians of Romania,
Hellenic Union of Romania, Italian
Community of Romania.
These organi zat i ons are
Council, consultative organism
of the Government created
throught he H.G. no. 137 of 1993
2. CONSILIUL
MINORITILOR
NAIONALE (CMN)
n Romnia funcioneaz mai
multe partide i organizaii ale
minoritilor naionale. Cele
reprezentate n Parlament sunt :
Uniunea Democrat Maghiar din
Romnia, Forumul Democrat al
Germanilor din Romnia, Partida
Romi l or Soci al -Democrat ,
Uniunea Srbilor din Romnia,
Uniunea Armenilor din Romnia,
Uniunea Democrat a Ttarilor
Turco Musulmani din Romnia,
Uniunea Democrat Turc din
Romnia, Uniunea Ucrainenilor
din Romnia, Uniunea Cultural a
Rutenilor din Romnia, Uniunea
Pol onezi l or di n Romni a,
Uniunea Democratic a Slovacilor
i Cehilor din Romnia, Uniunea
Bulgar din Banat Romnia,
Comunitatea Ruilor Lipoveni din
Romnia, Federaia Comunitilor
Evreieti din Romnia, Uniunea
Croailor din Romnia, Asociaia
Macedonenilor din Romnia, Liga
Albanezilor din Romnia, Uniunea
Elen din Romnia, Comunitatea
Italian din Romnia.
Acest e organi za i i sunt
me mb r e a l e Co n s i l i u l u i
Minoritilor Naionale, organism
consultativ al Guvernului creat
prin H.G. nr. 137 din 1993 sub
ENG
18
and administration, homes, social
assistance, health, economy,
justice and public order, child
protection, education, culture,
c ommuni c a t i on a nd c i vi c
participation.
The strategy is conceived for a
10-year period (2001-2010) and
includes a plan of concrete action,
separated for the first 4 years, with
responsibilities established per
i nst i t ut i ons. The st r uct ur e
responsible for the monitoring and
implementation of the strategy is a
Mixed Committee made up of the
representatives of ministries and of
governmental agencies, as well as
of the associations of Roma people.
In each ministry involved and in
each county there are now
commissions/bureaus assuring the
strategy in their fields of activity.
We have to say that within the
Mi ni st ry of Educat i on and
Research, as well as in the Ministry
of Culture and Cults, general
departments are developing
activities, preoccupied of the
specific problems of national
minorities.
educaie, cultur, comunicare i
participare civic.
Strategia este conceput pe o
perioada de 10 ani (2001-2010) i
include un plan de aciune concret
ealonat pe primii 4 ani, cu
responsabiliti stabilite pe
instituii. Structura care rspunde
de monitorizarea i implementarea
strategiei este un Comitet mixt
format din reprezentani ai mini-
s t e r e l o r i a i a g e n i i l o r
guvernamentale, precum i ai
asociaiilor romilor. n fiecare
minister implicat i n fiecare jude
s-au nfiinat comisii/oficii care
aplica strategia n domeniile lor de
activitate.
Este de menionat faptul c n
Cercetrii, precum i n Ministerul
Culturii i Cultelor i desfoar
activitatea direcii generale care se
ocup de problemele specifice ale
minoritilor naionale.
ENG
19
2. NATIONAL
MINORITY COUNCIL
(CMN)
In Romania several parties and
minorities are operational. Those
represented in the Parliament are
t he f ol l owi ng: Democr at i c
Hungarian Union of Romania,
Democratic Forum of Germans of
Romania, Social-Democratic Party
of Roma People, Union of Serbians
of Romania, Union of Armenians
of Romania, Democratic Union of
Tartars, Turks and Moslems of
Romania, Democratic Union of
Turks of Romania, Union of
Ukrainians of Romania, Cultural
Union of Ruthenians of Romania,
Union of Poles of Romania,
Democratic Union of Slovaks and
Czechs of Romania, Bulgarian
Union of Banat Romania,
Community of Lipova Russians of
Romania, Federation of Jewish
Communities of Romania, Union
of Croats of Romania, Association
of Macedonians of Romania,
League of Albanians of Romania,
Hellenic Union of Romania, Italian
Community of Romania.
These organi zat i ons are
Council, consultative organism
of the Government created
throught he H.G. no. 137 of 1993
2. CONSILIUL
MINORITILOR
NAIONALE (CMN)
n Romnia funcioneaz mai
multe partide i organizaii ale
minoritilor naionale. Cele
reprezentate n Parlament sunt :
Uniunea Democrat Maghiar din
Romnia, Forumul Democrat al
Germanilor din Romnia, Partida
Romi l or Soci al -Democrat ,
Uniunea Srbilor din Romnia,
Uniunea Armenilor din Romnia,
Uniunea Democrat a Ttarilor
Turco Musulmani din Romnia,
Uniunea Democrat Turc din
Romnia, Uniunea Ucrainenilor
din Romnia, Uniunea Cultural a
Rutenilor din Romnia, Uniunea
Pol onezi l or di n Romni a,
Uniunea Democratic a Slovacilor
i Cehilor din Romnia, Uniunea
Bulgar din Banat Romnia,
Comunitatea Ruilor Lipoveni din
Romnia, Federaia Comunitilor
Evreieti din Romnia, Uniunea
Croailor din Romnia, Asociaia
Macedonenilor din Romnia, Liga
Albanezilor din Romnia, Uniunea
Elen din Romnia, Comunitatea
Italian din Romnia.
Acest e organi za i i sunt
me mb r e a l e Co n s i l i u l u i
Minoritilor Naionale, organism
consultativ al Guvernului creat
prin H.G. nr. 137 din 1993 sub
ENG
18
and administration, homes, social
assistance, health, economy,
justice and public order, child
protection, education, culture,
c ommuni c a t i on a nd c i vi c
participation.
The strategy is conceived for a
10-year period (2001-2010) and
includes a plan of concrete action,
separated for the first 4 years, with
responsibilities established per
i nst i t ut i ons. The st r uct ur e
responsible for the monitoring and
implementation of the strategy is a
Mixed Committee made up of the
representatives of ministries and of
governmental agencies, as well as
of the associations of Roma people.
In each ministry involved and in
each county there are now
commissions/bureaus assuring the
strategy in their fields of activity.
We have to say that within the
Mi ni st ry of Educat i on and
Research, as well as in the Ministry
of Culture and Cults, general
departments are developing
activities, preoccupied of the
specific problems of national
minorities.
educaie, cultur, comunicare i
participare civic.
Strategia este conceput pe o
perioada de 10 ani (2001-2010) i
include un plan de aciune concret
ealonat pe primii 4 ani, cu
responsabiliti stabilite pe
instituii. Structura care rspunde
de monitorizarea i implementarea
strategiei este un Comitet mixt
format din reprezentani ai mini-
s t e r e l o r i a i a g e n i i l o r
guvernamentale, precum i ai
asociaiilor romilor. n fiecare
minister implicat i n fiecare jude
s-au nfiinat comisii/oficii care
aplica strategia n domeniile lor de
activitate.
Este de menionat faptul c n
Cercetrii, precum i n Ministerul
Culturii i Cultelor i desfoar
activitatea direcii generale care se
ocup de problemele specifice ale
ENG
21
CMN organizations have increased
progressively. Thus, according to
H.G. no. 141/2004 for the approval
of the manner of distribution and
use of the amounts specified under
letters a)-e) of the Annex no.
3/12/06 from the State Budget Law
on 2004 no. 507/2003, the total
amount of 255,000,000 thousand
ROL, out of which 240,000,000
t h o u s a n d ROL f o r t h e
organi zati ons of nati onal
minorities, and 15,000,000
thousand ROL for the financing
of projects for interethnic
programs and of fight against
intolerance, is allotted to the DRI.
Among the duties of the Council
of National Minorities, we
mention:
a) coordinates and supports the
activity of organizations of citizens
b) proposes, for endorsement,
the distribution of the funds
allotted to the State budget for the
support of the organizations of
minorities;
c) makes propositions for the
improvement of the legislative
context in the field of national
minorities;
d) makes suggestions to the
DRI regarding the adoption of
cer t ai n admi ni st r at i ve and
financial measures for a more
conform H.G. nr. 141/ 2004 pentru
aprobarea modului de repartizare
i de utilizare a sumelor prevzute
de lit. a) e) din anexa nr. 3/12/06 la
Legea bugetului de stat pe anul
2004 nr. 507/ 2003, este alocat
DRI suma total de 255.000.000
mii lei, din care 240.000.000 mii
l e i pe nt r u or gani z a i i l e
mi nori ti l or nai onal e i
15. 000. 000 mii lei pentru
finanare de proiecte programe
interetnice i de combatere a
intoleranei.
Dintre atribuiile Consiliului
Minoritilor Naionale amintim
: a) coordoneaz i sprijin
a c t i vi t a t e a or ga ni z a i i l or
c e t e n i l o r a p a r i n n d
b) propune spre aprobare
repartizarea fondurilor alocate n
bugetul de stat pentru sprijinirea
or ga ni z a i i l or c e t e ni l or
c ) f a c e p r o p u n e r i d e
mbuntire a cadrului legislativ
di n domeni ul mi nori t i l or
naionale;
d) nainteaz propuneri DRI n
legatur cu adoptarea unor msuri
cu caracter administrativ i
financiar n scopul soluionrii mai
eficiente, n condiiile legii, a
problemelor ce intr n competena
sa.
e) propune Guvernului msuri
ENG
20
under the initial name of Council
for National Minorities. This
forum was reorganized through the
H.G. no. 589/2001, modified
through the H.G. no.1175/2001
a nd i t i s ma de of t hr e e
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e
organizations of the citizens
represented in the Romanian
Parliament. The Counsil develops
its activity plenarily and by
speciality commissions.
The Department for Interethnic
Relations is distributed funds from
the State budget, with the
following destinations: amounts
allotted for the support of the
activities of the organizations of
minorities, as well as amounts
allotted for the financing of the
interethnic actions, developed by
the organizations or initiated by the
department, based on projects and
programs. For several years, the
Relations has also supported
actions within the European
Campaign against racism, anti-
Semi t i sm, xenophobi a and
intolerance (RAXI). Thanks to the
act i vi t y devel oped by t he
R e l a t i o n s a n d b y t h e
parliamentarians of minorities, the
funds allotted for the support of the
denumirea iniial de Consiliul
pentru Minoriti Naionale. Acest
for a fost reorganizat prin H.G. nr.
589/ 2001, modificat prin H.G.
nr.1175/ 2001 i este format din
ct e t r ei r epr ezent an i ai
reprezentate n Parlamentul
Romniei. Consiliul i desfoar
activitatea n plen i pe comisii de
specialitate.
De l a buget ul st at ul ui ,
Interetnice i sunt repartizate
fonduri ce au urmtoarele
destinaii: sume alocate pentru
sprijinirea activitilor organiza-
iilor cetenilor aparinnd
minoritilor naionale, precum i
sume alocate pentru finanarea
aciunilor interetnice, desfurate
de organizaii sau iniiate de
departament, pe baz de proiecte i
programe. Timp de mai muli ani,
Interetnice a sprijinit i aciuni n
cadrul Campaniei europene de
c o mb a t e r e a r a s i s mu l u i ,
antisemetismului, xenofobiei i
intoleranei (RAXI). Datorit
act i vi t i i des f ur at e de
Interetnice i de parlamentarii
minoritilor, fondurile alocate
pentru sprijinirea organizaiilor
CMN au crescut progresiv. Astfel,
ENG
21
CMN organizations have increased
progressively. Thus, according to
H.G. no. 141/2004 for the approval
of the manner of distribution and
use of the amounts specified under
letters a)-e) of the Annex no.
3/12/06 from the State Budget Law
on 2004 no. 507/2003, the total
amount of 255,000,000 thousand
ROL, out of which 240,000,000
t h o u s a n d ROL f o r t h e
organi zati ons of nati onal
minorities, and 15,000,000
thousand ROL for the financing
of projects for interethnic
programs and of fight against
intolerance, is allotted to the DRI.
Among the duties of the Council
of National Minorities, we
mention:
a) coordinates and supports the
activity of organizations of citizens
b) proposes, for endorsement,
the distribution of the funds
allotted to the State budget for the
support of the organizations of
minorities;
c) makes propositions for the
improvement of the legislative
context in the field of national
minorities;
d) makes suggestions to the
DRI regarding the adoption of
cer t ai n admi ni st r at i ve and
financial measures for a more
conform H.G. nr. 141/ 2004 pentru
aprobarea modului de repartizare
i de utilizare a sumelor prevzute
de lit. a) e) din anexa nr. 3/12/06 la
Legea bugetului de stat pe anul
2004 nr. 507/ 2003, este alocat
DRI suma total de 255.000.000
mii lei, din care 240.000.000 mii
l e i pe nt r u or gani z a i i l e
mi nori ti l or nai onal e i
15. 000. 000 mii lei pentru
finanare de proiecte programe
interetnice i de combatere a
intoleranei.
Dintre atribuiile Consiliului
Minoritilor Naionale amintim
: a) coordoneaz i sprijin
a c t i vi t a t e a or ga ni z a i i l or
b) propune spre aprobare
repartizarea fondurilor alocate n
bugetul de stat pentru sprijinirea
c ) f a c e p r o p u n e r i d e
mbuntire a cadrului legislativ
di n domeni ul mi nori t i l or
naionale;
d) nainteaz propuneri DRI n
legatur cu adoptarea unor msuri
cu caracter administrativ i
financiar n scopul soluionrii mai
eficiente, n condiiile legii, a
problemelor ce intr n competena
sa.
e) propune Guvernului msuri
ENG
20
under the initial name of Council
for National Minorities. This
forum was reorganized through the
H.G. no. 589/2001, modified
through the H.G. no.1175/2001
a nd i t i s ma de of t hr e e
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e
represented in the Romanian
Parliament. The Counsil develops
its activity plenarily and by
speciality commissions.
The Department for Interethnic
Relations is distributed funds from
the State budget, with the
following destinations: amounts
allotted for the support of the
activities of the organizations of
minorities, as well as amounts
allotted for the financing of the
interethnic actions, developed by
the organizations or initiated by the
department, based on projects and
programs. For several years, the
Relations has also supported
actions within the European
Campaign against racism, anti-
Semi t i sm, xenophobi a and
intolerance (RAXI). Thanks to the
act i vi t y devel oped by t he
R e l a t i o n s a n d b y t h e
parliamentarians of minorities, the
funds allotted for the support of the
denumirea iniial de Consiliul
pentru Minoriti Naionale. Acest
for a fost reorganizat prin H.G. nr.
589/ 2001, modificat prin H.G.
nr.1175/ 2001 i este format din
ct e t r ei r epr ezent an i ai
reprezentate n Parlamentul
Romniei. Consiliul i desfoar
activitatea n plen i pe comisii de
specialitate.
De l a buget ul st at ul ui ,
Interetnice i sunt repartizate
fonduri ce au urmtoarele
destinaii: sume alocate pentru
sprijinirea activitilor organiza-
iilor cetenilor aparinnd
minoritilor naionale, precum i
sume alocate pentru finanarea
aciunilor interetnice, desfurate
de organizaii sau iniiate de
departament, pe baz de proiecte i
programe. Timp de mai muli ani,
Interetnice a sprijinit i aciuni n
cadrul Campaniei europene de
c o mb a t e r e a r a s i s mu l u i ,
antisemetismului, xenofobiei i
intoleranei (RAXI). Datorit
act i vi t i i des f ur at e de
Interetnice i de parlamentarii
minoritilor, fondurile alocate
pentru sprijinirea organizaiilor
CMN au crescut progresiv. Astfel,
ENG
23
i nst i t ut i onal frame for t he
application of its provisions was
established through the H.G. no.
1194/2001 regarding the creation,
organization and operation of the
National Council for the Fight
against Discrimination (CNCD).
The Council is an executive
s t r u c t u r e o f t h e c e n t r a l
administration, subordinated to the
Government, whose main role is to
implement the principle of equality
between citizens by propositions of
normative acts in the field, the
collaboration with the public
authorities, elaboration of studies,
r ecept i on of r equest s and
complaints etc. CNCD started to
operate starting with year 2002.
The enactment of this normative
act was appreciated in the Report
on the progresses recorded by
Romania while preparing to adhere
to the European Union.
The ordinance aligns Romania
to the international standards in the
field, but it also represents a
guarantee of the fact that the
application of the laws and policies
concerning the protection of
national minorities is going to
become more efficient. This
normative act defines the term of
discrimination as being any
difference, exclusion, restriction or
pr ef er ence based on r ace,
nationality, thinking, ethnicity,
fost stabilit prin Hotrrea
Guvernului nr. 1194/ 2001 privind
c r e a r e a , o r g a n i z a r e a i
funcionarea Consiliului Naional
p e n t r u C o m b a t e r e a
Discriminrii (CNCD). Consiliul
este o structur executiv a
a d mi n i s t r a i e i c e n t r a l e ,
subordonat Guvernului, ce are ca
principal rol implementarea
principiului egalitii ntre ceteni
prin propuneri de acte normative n
materie, colaborarea cu autoritile
publice, elaborarea de studii,
primirea de cereri i reclamaii etc.
CNCD a nceput s funcioneze
ncepnd cu anul 2002. Adoptarea
acestui act normativ a fost
apreciat n Raportul asupra
progresel or nregi st rat e de
Romnia n pregtirea pentru
aderarea la Uniunea European.
Ordonana aliniaz Romnia la
standardele internaionale n
materie, dar constituie i o garanie
a faptului c aplicarea legilor i a
politicilor privind protecia
minoritilor naionale urmeaz a
deveni mai efi ci ent . Pri n
intermediul acestui act normativ
e s t e de f i ni t t e r me nul de
discriminare, ca fiind orice
deosebire, excludere, restricie sau
preferin pe baz de ras,
naionalitate, gndire, etnie, limb,
r el i gi e, cat egor i e soci al ,
convingeri, sex sau orientare
ENG
22
efficient solution, under the law, of
t he pr obl ems ent er i ng i t s
competence.
e) proposes the Government to
take measures for the improvement
of the social and cultural life of the
minorities and to reflect as faithful
as possible the problematic of the
national minorities in mass-media;
f) analyzes and suggests to the
Gover nment t he necessar y
measures to develop education in
the languages of the national
mi nor i t i e s unde r opt i ma l
conditions;
g) initiates and maintains
cooperation relations with the civil
society and with international
3. NATIONAL COUNCIL
FOR THE FIGHT AGAINST
DISCRIMINATION
A very important moment in
the evolution of the Romanian
legislation referring to national
mi nor i t i es consi st s of t he
enactment of the Government
Or d i n a n c e n o . 1 3 7 / 2 0 0 0
(subsequently endorsed by law no.
48/2002) regarding the prevention
a n d s a n c t i o n o f a l l i t s
di scr i mi nat i on f or ms. The
de mbuntire a vieii sociale i
culturale a cetenilor aparinnd
mi nor i t i l or na i onal e i
reflectarea ct mai fidel a
pr obl emat i ci i mi nor i t i l or
naionale n mass-media;
f) analizeaz i propune
Guvernului msurile necesare
desfurrii n condiii optime a
nv mnt ul ui n l i mbi l e
g) iniiaz i menine legturi
de cooperare cu societatea civil i
cu organisme internaionale cu
activitate n domeniul minoritilor
naionale.
3. CONSILIUL NAIONAL
PENTRU COMBATEREA
DISCRIMINRII
Un moment deosebit de
important n evoluia legislaiei
romneti n materia minoritilor
naionale l constituie adoptarea
Ordonanei Guvernului nr. 137 /
2000 (aprobat ulterior prin Legea
nr. 48 / 2002) privind prevenirea i
sancionarea tuturor formelor de
discriminare. Cadrul instituional
pentru aplicarea dispoziiilor sale a
ENG
23
i nst i t ut i onal frame for t he
application of its provisions was
established through the H.G. no.
1194/2001 regarding the creation,
organization and operation of the
against Discrimination (CNCD).
The Council is an executive
s t r u c t u r e o f t h e c e n t r a l
administration, subordinated to the
Government, whose main role is to
implement the principle of equality
between citizens by propositions of
normative acts in the field, the
collaboration with the public
authorities, elaboration of studies,
r ecept i on of r equest s and
complaints etc. CNCD started to
operate starting with year 2002.
The enactment of this normative
act was appreciated in the Report
on the progresses recorded by
Romania while preparing to adhere
to the European Union.
The ordinance aligns Romania
to the international standards in the
field, but it also represents a
guarantee of the fact that the
application of the laws and policies
national minorities is going to
become more efficient. This
normative act defines the term of
discrimination as being any
difference, exclusion, restriction or
pr ef er ence based on r ace,
nationality, thinking, ethnicity,
fost stabilit prin Hotrrea
c r e a r e a , o r g a n i z a r e a i
funcionarea Consiliului Naional
p e n t r u C o m b a t e r e a
Discriminrii (CNCD). Consiliul
este o structur executiv a
a d mi n i s t r a i e i c e n t r a l e ,
subordonat Guvernului, ce are ca
principal rol implementarea
principiului egalitii ntre ceteni
prin propuneri de acte normative n
materie, colaborarea cu autoritile
publice, elaborarea de studii,
primirea de cereri i reclamaii etc.
CNCD a nceput s funcioneze
ncepnd cu anul 2002. Adoptarea
acestui act normativ a fost
apreciat n Raportul asupra
progresel or nregi st rat e de
Romnia n pregtirea pentru
aderarea la Uniunea European.
Ordonana aliniaz Romnia la
standardele internaionale n
materie, dar constituie i o garanie
a faptului c aplicarea legilor i a
politicilor privind protecia
minoritilor naionale urmeaz a
deveni mai efi ci ent . Pri n
intermediul acestui act normativ
e s t e de f i ni t t e r me nul de
discriminare, ca fiind orice
deosebire, excludere, restricie sau
preferin pe baz de ras,
naionalitate, gndire, etnie, limb,
r el i gi e, cat egor i e soci al ,
convingeri, sex sau orientare
ENG
22
efficient solution, under the law, of
t he pr obl ems ent er i ng i t s
competence.
e) proposes the Government to
take measures for the improvement
of the social and cultural life of the
minorities and to reflect as faithful
as possible the problematic of the
national minorities in mass-media;
f) analyzes and suggests to the
Gover nment t he necessar y
measures to develop education in
the languages of the national
mi nor i t i e s unde r opt i ma l
conditions;
g) initiates and maintains
cooperation relations with the civil
society and with international
3. NATIONAL COUNCIL
FOR THE FIGHT AGAINST
DISCRIMINATION
A very important moment in
the evolution of the Romanian
legislation referring to national
mi nor i t i es consi st s of t he
enactment of the Government
Or d i n a n c e n o . 1 3 7 / 2 0 0 0
(subsequently endorsed by law no.
48/2002) regarding the prevention
a n d s a n c t i o n o f a l l i t s
di scr i mi nat i on f or ms. The
de mbuntire a vieii sociale i
culturale a cetenilor aparinnd
reflectarea ct mai fidel a
pr obl emat i ci i mi nor i t i l or
naionale n mass-media;
f) analizeaz i propune
Guvernului msurile necesare
desfurrii n condiii optime a
nv mnt ul ui n l i mbi l e
g) iniiaz i menine legturi
de cooperare cu societatea civil i
cu organisme internaionale cu
activitate n domeniul minoritilor
naionale.
3. CONSILIUL NAIONAL
PENTRU COMBATEREA
DISCRIMINRII
Un moment deosebit de
important n evoluia legislaiei
romneti n materia minoritilor
naionale l constituie adoptarea
Ordonanei Guvernului nr. 137 /
2000 (aprobat ulterior prin Legea
nr. 48 / 2002) privind prevenirea i
sancionarea tuturor formelor de
discriminare. Cadrul instituional
pentru aplicarea dispoziiilor sale a
ENG
25
complaints coming from natural
persons, referring to infringements
of the citizen's rights and liberties
committed by bodies of the public
administration. In the structure of
t hi s i nst i t ut i on t here i s a
Department for issues regarding
minorities, cults and mass-media.
Despite the many difficulties, the
Ombudsman is needed in the
Romanian society, being perceived
by citizens as an institution of
hope, an institution to which they
resort very often and in whom they
entrust more and more. We are
aware that the efficiency of the
Ombudsman consists in the work
method and in the personality of
the person appointed on this office.
Equally important is the fact that
the Ombudsman shall be able to
become one of the pillars of the
protection system of the human
rights only if he enjoys the trust and
help of the both the public
authorities and the citizens. Of
course, t hese effort s shal l
transform into success with the
simultaneous support of the
Ombudsmen in the countries with
a ut he nt i c a nd t r a di t i ona l
democracy, support that must be
based on institutional and human
solidarity.
The Law no. 677/ 2001
established that the Ombudsman
has the quality of supervision
dr ept ur i l or i l i ber t i l or
ceteneti svrite de organe ale
admi ni -st ra i ei publ i ce. n
structura acestei instituii exist un
Departament pentru probleme
privind minoritile, cultele i
mass-media. n ciuda multor
dificulti, Avocatul Poporului se
impune n societatea romneasc,
fiind receptat de ceteni ca o
instituie a speranei, o instituie
creia i se adreseaz frecvent i n
care au tot mai mult ncredere.
tim c eficiena ombudsman-ului
st n maniera de lucru i n
personalitatea celui desemnat n
aceast funcie. Nu este mai puin
adevrat ns c, Avocatul
Poporului va putea deveni unul din
pilonii sistemului de protecie a
drepturilor omului, numai dac se
va bucura de ncrederea i sprijinul
att al autoritilor publice ct i al
cetenilor. Bineneles c aceste
eforturi se vor transforma n reuite
i cu sprijinul ombudsman-ilor din
rile de autentic i tradiional
democraie, sprijin ce trebuie s se
fondeze pe solidaritatea institu-
ional i uman.
Prin Legea nr. 677/ 2001 s-a
stabilit c Avocatul Poporului are
cal i t at ea de aut or i t at e de
supr avegher e n domeni ul
proteciei datelor personale. n
ENG
24
language, religion, social category,
convi ct i ons, sex or sexual
orientation, belonging to a
disfavoured category, or any other
criterion whose purpose or effect is
to restrict or eliminate recognition,
use or exercise, under conditions of
equality, of the human rights and of
the fundamental liberties or of the
rights granted by law, in the
political, economic, social and
cultural field, or in any fields of the
public life.
The or di nance cont ai ns
provisions referring to the effective
exercise of some fundamental
rights: equality in the economic
activity, access to public services
(justice, administration, health),
the right to personal dignity, as well
as the specific sanctions that
entailed in case of the infringement
of the ordinance.
4. OMBUDSMAN
Although stipulated through
constitutional provisions since
1991, the Ombudsman institution
was founded only in March 1997
through Law no. 35/1997 and
began to work effectively in the
autumn of year 1997. Its main duty
is to protect the rights and liberties
of citizens against abuse or
intrusion of local authorities. The
institution receives and solves
sexual, apartenena la o categorie
defavorizat sau orice alt criteriu
care are ca scop sau efect
restrngerea sau nlturarea
recunoat eri i , fol osi ri i sau
exercitrii, n condiii de egalitate,
a drepturilor omului i a libertilor
fundamentale sau a drepturilor
recunoscute de lege, n domeniul
politic, economic, social i cultural
sau n orice domenii ale vieii
publice.
Ordonana cuprinde dispoziii
referitoare la exerciiul efectiv al
unor drepturi fundamentale:
e g a l i t a t e a n a c t i v i t a t e a
economic, accesul la serviciile
publice (justiie, administraie,
sntate), dreptul la demnitate
personal precum i sanciunile
specifice ce intervin n cazul
nclcrii prevederilor acesteia.
4. AVOCATUL POPORULUI
Dei stipulat prin prevederi
constituionale nc din 1991,
instituia Avocatului Poporului a
fost nfiinat abia n martie 1997
prin Legea nr. 35/ 1997 i i-a intrat
efectiv n atribuii n toamna anului
1997. Principala sa atribuie este
aprarea drepturilor i libertilor
cetenilor mpotriva abuzului sau
ingerinelor autoritilor publice.
Instituia primete i soluioneaz
ENG
25
complaints coming from natural
persons, referring to infringements
of the citizen's rights and liberties
committed by bodies of the public
administration. In the structure of
t hi s i nst i t ut i on t here i s a
Department for issues regarding
minorities, cults and mass-media.
Despite the many difficulties, the
Ombudsman is needed in the
Romanian society, being perceived
by citizens as an institution of
hope, an institution to which they
resort very often and in whom they
entrust more and more. We are
aware that the efficiency of the
Ombudsman consists in the work
method and in the personality of
the person appointed on this office.
Equally important is the fact that
the Ombudsman shall be able to
become one of the pillars of the
protection system of the human
rights only if he enjoys the trust and
help of the both the public
authorities and the citizens. Of
course, t hese effort s shal l
transform into success with the
simultaneous support of the
Ombudsmen in the countries with
a ut he nt i c a nd t r a di t i ona l
democracy, support that must be
based on institutional and human
solidarity.
The Law no. 677/ 2001
established that the Ombudsman
has the quality of supervision
dr ept ur i l or i l i ber t i l or
ceteneti svrite de organe ale
admi ni -st ra i ei publ i ce. n
structura acestei instituii exist un
Departament pentru probleme
privind minoritile, cultele i
mass-media. n ciuda multor
dificulti, Avocatul Poporului se
impune n societatea romneasc,
fiind receptat de ceteni ca o
instituie a speranei, o instituie
creia i se adreseaz frecvent i n
care au tot mai mult ncredere.
tim c eficiena ombudsman-ului
st n maniera de lucru i n
personalitatea celui desemnat n
aceast funcie. Nu este mai puin
adevrat ns c, Avocatul
Poporului va putea deveni unul din
pilonii sistemului de protecie a
drepturilor omului, numai dac se
va bucura de ncrederea i sprijinul
att al autoritilor publice ct i al
cetenilor. Bineneles c aceste
eforturi se vor transforma n reuite
i cu sprijinul ombudsman-ilor din
rile de autentic i tradiional
democraie, sprijin ce trebuie s se
fondeze pe solidaritatea institu-
ional i uman.
Prin Legea nr. 677/ 2001 s-a
stabilit c Avocatul Poporului are
cal i t at ea de aut or i t at e de
supr avegher e n domeni ul
proteciei datelor personale. n
ENG
24
language, religion, social category,
convi ct i ons, sex or sexual
orientation, belonging to a
disfavoured category, or any other
criterion whose purpose or effect is
to restrict or eliminate recognition,
use or exercise, under conditions of
equality, of the human rights and of
the fundamental liberties or of the
rights granted by law, in the
political, economic, social and
cultural field, or in any fields of the
public life.
The or di nance cont ai ns
provisions referring to the effective
exercise of some fundamental
rights: equality in the economic
activity, access to public services
(justice, administration, health),
the right to personal dignity, as well
as the specific sanctions that
entailed in case of the infringement
of the ordinance.
4. OMBUDSMAN
Although stipulated through
constitutional provisions since
1991, the Ombudsman institution
was founded only in March 1997
through Law no. 35/1997 and
began to work effectively in the
autumn of year 1997. Its main duty
is to protect the rights and liberties
of citizens against abuse or
intrusion of local authorities. The
institution receives and solves
sexual, apartenena la o categorie
defavorizat sau orice alt criteriu
care are ca scop sau efect
restrngerea sau nlturarea
recunoat eri i , fol osi ri i sau
exercitrii, n condiii de egalitate,
a drepturilor omului i a libertilor
fundamentale sau a drepturilor
recunoscute de lege, n domeniul
politic, economic, social i cultural
sau n orice domenii ale vieii
publice.
Ordonana cuprinde dispoziii
referitoare la exerciiul efectiv al
unor drepturi fundamentale:
e g a l i t a t e a n a c t i v i t a t e a
economic, accesul la serviciile
publice (justiie, administraie,
sntate), dreptul la demnitate
personal precum i sanciunile
specifice ce intervin n cazul
nclcrii prevederilor acesteia.
4. AVOCATUL POPORULUI
Dei stipulat prin prevederi
constituionale nc din 1991,
instituia Avocatului Poporului a
fost nfiinat abia n martie 1997
prin Legea nr. 35/ 1997 i i-a intrat
efectiv n atribuii n toamna anului
1997. Principala sa atribuie este
aprarea drepturilor i libertilor
cetenilor mpotriva abuzului sau
ingerinelor autoritilor publice.
Instituia primete i soluioneaz
ENG
27
particular, has expressed its
preoccupations, by considerably
e n l a r g i n g t h e r a n g e o f
interventions. Thus, one can notice
a special dynamics of the ONG
which are interested in the
problematic of the Roma people,
a n d t h e i r e f f i c i e n c y i s
acknowledged and appreciated.
Therefore, these ONG are partners
of t he Government i n t he
elaboration of strategies, programs
and projects that address to the
problematic of the Roma people.
The DRI partnership with
the civil society does not consist
only in negotiation or consultancy
actions, but it is very often
corroborated at the level of
financing certain actions. The
Relations, as a governmental
structure, whose general duty is to
promote strategies for the keeping,
development and expressing of the
identity of persons belonging to
national minorities, has at its
disposal in year 2004 a budget of
15 billions ROL, which can be
a c c e s s e d t h r o u g h a n
auction/selection system, by any
i ns t i t ut i on or nat i onal or
international ONG that proposes
an interethnic project.
The collaboration with the
segment specialized on minorities
of the Romanian civil society was
n s p e c i a l , i - a n u a n a t
pr e oc up r i l e , l r gi ndu- i
considerabil paleta interveniilor.
Astfel, se poate observa o dinamic
special a ONG-lor care se
preocup de problematica romilor,
iar eficiena lor este recunoscut i
apreciat. Ca urmare, aceste ONG-
uri se constituie n parteneri ai
Guver nul ui n el abor ar ea
strategiilor, programelor i
proiectelor care se adreseaz
problematicii romilor.
Par t e ne r i at ul DRI c u
societatea civil nu const doar n
ac i uni de negoci er e s au
consultan ci, de multe ori se
colaboreaz i la nivelul finanrii
unor aciuni. Departamentul
pentru Relaii Interetnice, ca
structur guvernamental, ce are ca
atribuie general promovarea
unor strategii pentru pstrarea,
dezvol t ar ea i expr i mar ea
identitii persoanelor aparinnd
minoritilor naionale, are la
dispoziie n anul 2004 un buget de
15 miliarde lei, care pot fi accesai
printr-un sistem de licitaie/
selecie, de ctre orice instituie sau
ONG naional sau internaional,
care propune un proiect interetnic.
Colaborarea cu segmentul
specializat pe minoriti al
societii civile romneti a fost
dintre cele mai fructuoase, ntre
parteneri numrndu-se Institutul
ENG
26
authority in the field of protection
of personal information. In this
quality, the Ombudsman develops
its activity under conditions of
complete independence and
impartiality and monitors and
controls under the aspect of
illegality the processing ot
personal data that falls under the
incidence of Law no. 677/2001 or
of other provisions or provisions
setteling the protection of persons
concerning the treatment of
personal data and the free
circulation of this information.
One of the deputies of the
Ombudsman was appointed to
coordinate the field of personal
data protection, and within the
Ombudsman institution a goup was
formed for the protection of
persons concerning the treatment
of personal data and the free

5. CIVIL SOCIETY
The partnership between the
Relations and the civil society of
Romania was substantiated both by
creating common programs and
projects, and by participating in
various manifestations.
The civil society, acting in the
field of human rights in general and
of the national minorities in
aceast cal i t at e, Avocat ul
Poporului i desfoar activitatea
n c o n d i i i d e c o mp l e t
independen i imparialitate i
monitorizeaz i controleaz - sub
aspectul legalitii - prelucrrile de
date cu caracter personal care cad
sub incidena Legii nr. 677/ 2001
sau a altor dispoziii care
r e g l e me n t e a z p r o t e c i a
per s oanel or cu pr i vi r e l a
tratamentul datelor cu caracter
personal i libera circulaie a
acestor date.
Un u l d i n t r e a d j u n c i i
Avocatului Poporului a fost
desemnat s coordoneze domeniul
proteciei datelor personale, iar n
cadrul instituiei Avocatului
Poporului a fost nfiinat un grup
pentru protecia persoanelor cu
privire la prelucrarea datelor cu
caract er personal i l i bera
circulaie a acestor date.

5. SOCIETATEA CIVIL
Parteneriatul dintre Departa-
mentul pentru Relaii Interetnice i
societatea civil din Romnia s-a
concretizat att prin realizarea de
programe i proiecte comune, ct i
prin participarea la diverse
manifestri.
Societatea civil, activa n
domeniul drepturilor omului n
general i al minoritilor naionale
ENG
27
particular, has expressed its
preoccupations, by considerably
e n l a r g i n g t h e r a n g e o f
interventions. Thus, one can notice
a special dynamics of the ONG
which are interested in the
problematic of the Roma people,
a n d t h e i r e f f i c i e n c y i s
acknowledged and appreciated.
Therefore, these ONG are partners
of t he Government i n t he
elaboration of strategies, programs
and projects that address to the
problematic of the Roma people.
The DRI partnership with
the civil society does not consist
only in negotiation or consultancy
actions, but it is very often
corroborated at the level of
financing certain actions. The
Relations, as a governmental
structure, whose general duty is to
promote strategies for the keeping,
development and expressing of the
identity of persons belonging to
national minorities, has at its
disposal in year 2004 a budget of
15 billions ROL, which can be
a c c e s s e d t h r o u g h a n
auction/selection system, by any
i ns t i t ut i on or nat i onal or
international ONG that proposes
an interethnic project.
The collaboration with the
segment specialized on minorities
of the Romanian civil society was
n s p e c i a l , i - a n u a n a t
pr e oc up r i l e , l r gi ndu- i
considerabil paleta interveniilor.
Astfel, se poate observa o dinamic
special a ONG-lor care se
preocup de problematica romilor,
iar eficiena lor este recunoscut i
apreciat. Ca urmare, aceste ONG-
uri se constituie n parteneri ai
Guver nul ui n el abor ar ea
strategiilor, programelor i
proiectelor care se adreseaz
problematicii romilor.
Par t e ne r i at ul DRI c u
societatea civil nu const doar n
ac i uni de negoci er e s au
consultan ci, de multe ori se
colaboreaz i la nivelul finanrii
unor aciuni. Departamentul
pentru Relaii Interetnice, ca
structur guvernamental, ce are ca
atribuie general promovarea
unor strategii pentru pstrarea,
dezvol t ar ea i expr i mar ea
identitii persoanelor aparinnd
minoritilor naionale, are la
dispoziie n anul 2004 un buget de
15 miliarde lei, care pot fi accesai
printr-un sistem de licitaie/
selecie, de ctre orice instituie sau
ONG naional sau internaional,
care propune un proiect interetnic.
Colaborarea cu segmentul
specializat pe minoriti al
societii civile romneti a fost
dintre cele mai fructuoase, ntre
parteneri numrndu-se Institutul
ENG
26
authority in the field of protection
of personal information. In this
quality, the Ombudsman develops
its activity under conditions of
impartiality and monitors and
controls under the aspect of
illegality the processing ot
personal data that falls under the
incidence of Law no. 677/2001 or
of other provisions or provisions
setteling the protection of persons
concerning the treatment of
One of the deputies of the
Ombudsman was appointed to
coordinate the field of personal
data protection, and within the
Ombudsman institution a goup was
formed for the protection of
persons concerning the treatment
of personal data and the free

5. CIVIL SOCIETY
The partnership between the
Relations and the civil society of
Romania was substantiated both by
creating common programs and
projects, and by participating in
various manifestations.
The civil society, acting in the
field of human rights in general and
of the national minorities in
aceast cal i t at e, Avocat ul
Poporului i desfoar activitatea
independen i imparialitate i
monitorizeaz i controleaz - sub
sub incidena Legii nr. 677/ 2001
sau a altor dispoziii care
r e g l e me n t e a z p r o t e c i a
tratamentul datelor cu caracter
personal i libera circulaie a
acestor date.
Un u l d i n t r e a d j u n c i i
Avocatului Poporului a fost
desemnat s coordoneze domeniul
proteciei datelor personale, iar n
cadrul instituiei Avocatului
Poporului a fost nfiinat un grup

5. SOCIETATEA CIVIL
Parteneriatul dintre Departa-
mentul pentru Relaii Interetnice i
societatea civil din Romnia s-a
concretizat att prin realizarea de
programe i proiecte comune, ct i
prin participarea la diverse
manifestri.
Societatea civil, activa n
domeniul drepturilor omului n
general i al minoritilor naionale
ENG
29
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
- Government Resolution no. 749
rd
of the 3 of July 2003 regarding the
organization and functioning of the
Relations;
- Government Resolution no.
141/2004 for the approval of the
manner to distribute and use the
amounts specified under letters
a)e) of the annex no. 3/12/06 to the
State Budget Law on year 2004 no.
507/2003;
rd
General Secret ari at of t he
Government;
th
of the 25 of April 2001 concerning
the approval of the Strategy of the
Romanian Government to improve
the Roma people's situation;
st
of the 21 of June 2001 regarding
the formation of the National
Minority Council;
th
- Law no. 48 of the 16 of January
2002 for the approval of the
Government Ordi nance no.
137/2000 regarding the prevention
and sanction of all forms of
discrimination;
- Government Resolution no. 1,194
th
of the 27 of November 2001
regarding the organization and
BIBLIOGRAFIE :
- Hotrrea Guvernului nr. 749 din
3 iulie 2003 privind organizarea i
funcionarea Departamentului
pentru Relaii Interetnice;
- Hotrrea Guvernului nr.
141/ 2004 pent ru aprobarea
modului de repartizare i de
utilizare a sumelor prevzute de lit.
a) e) din anexa nr. 3/12/06 la Legea
bugetului de stat pe anul 2004 nr.
507/2003;
3 iulie 2003 pentru organizarea i
funcionarea Secretariatului
General al Guvernului;
25 aprilie 2001 privind aprobarea
Strategiei Guvernului Romniei de
mbuntire a situaiei romilor;
21 iunie 2001 privind nfiinarea
Cons i l i ul ui Mi nor i t i l or
Naionale;
- Legea nr. 48 din 16 ianuarie 2002
pentru aprobarea Ordonantei
Guvernului nr. 137/2000 privind
prevenirea i sancionarea tuturor
formelor de discriminare;
- Hotarrea Guvernului nr. 1.194
din 27 noiembrie 2001 privind
organizarea i funcionarea
Consiliului Naional pentru
Combaterea Discriminrii;
- Legea nr. 35 din 13 martie 1997
privind organizarea i funcionarea
ENG
28
one of the most profitable, among
whose partners were the Romanian
Institute for the Human Rights, the
Intercultural Institute Timioara,
the Center of Resources for Ethno-
cultural Diversity of Cluj, the
Eur o- r e gi ona l Ce nt e r f or
D e mo c r a c y T i mi o a r a ,
Organization of Ethno-cultural
Projects for Roma people, and
many others.
We believe that Romania
owns, at the present time, a suitable
legislative and institutional frame
in the field of national minorities,
that the dialogue between the
authorities and the organizations of
the national minorities are
performed in good terms, so that in
punct ual si t uat i ons wher e
infringements of the law appear,
one can intervene efficiently to
repair the situation. In Romania
t here i s no di scri mi nat i on
institutionalized on ethnic criteria,
the exceptions being solved by the
institutions habilitated by law. All
these aspects have also been
observed by t he European
Commission, which, in the last
annual reports from the country,
shows that Romania observes the
criteria of Copenhagen as for the
adherence to the European Union.
Romn pentru Drepturile Omului,
Institutul Intercultural Timioara,
Cent rul de Resurse pent ru
Diversitate Etnoculturala din Cluj,
Centrul Euroregional pentru
De mo c r a t i e Ti mi o a r a ,
Organi za i a Proi ect e Rome
Etnoculturale i multe altele.
Suntem de prere c Romnia
dispune la ora actual de un cadru
legislativ i instituional adecvat n
domeniul minoritilor naionale,
c dialogul autoriti organizaii
ale minoritilor naionale se
realizeaz n bune condiiuni, aa
nct n situaiile punctuale unde se
produc nclcri ale legii se poate
i nt e r ve ni e f i c i e nt pe nt r u
remedierea situaiei. n Romnia
nu exi s t o di s cr i mi nar e
instituionalizat pe criterii etnice,
excepiile fiind rezolvate de ctre
instituiile abilitate de lege. Toate
aceste aspecte au fost constatate i
de ctre Comisia European, care
n ultimele rapoarte anuale de ar
arat c Romnia ndeplinete
criteriile de la Copenhaga n ceea
ce privete aderarea la Uniunea
European.
ENG
29
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
rd
Relations;
- Government Resolution no.
141/2004 for the approval of the
manner to distribute and use the
amounts specified under letters
a)e) of the annex no. 3/12/06 to the
State Budget Law on year 2004 no.
507/2003;
rd
General Secret ari at of t he
Government;
th
of the 25 of April 2001 concerning
the approval of the Strategy of the
Romanian Government to improve
the Roma people's situation;
st
of the 21 of June 2001 regarding
the formation of the National
Minority Council;
th
- Law no. 48 of the 16 of January
2002 for the approval of the
Government Ordi nance no.
137/2000 regarding the prevention
and sanction of all forms of
discrimination;
- Government Resolution no. 1,194
th
of the 27 of November 2001
regarding the organization and
BIBLIOGRAFIE :
3 iulie 2003 privind organizarea i
funcionarea Departamentului
- Hotrrea Guvernului nr.
141/ 2004 pent ru aprobarea
modului de repartizare i de
utilizare a sumelor prevzute de lit.
a) e) din anexa nr. 3/12/06 la Legea
bugetului de stat pe anul 2004 nr.
507/2003;
3 iulie 2003 pentru organizarea i
funcionarea Secretariatului
General al Guvernului;
25 aprilie 2001 privind aprobarea
Strategiei Guvernului Romniei de
mbuntire a situaiei romilor;
21 iunie 2001 privind nfiinarea
Naionale;
- Legea nr. 48 din 16 ianuarie 2002
pentru aprobarea Ordonantei
Guvernului nr. 137/2000 privind
prevenirea i sancionarea tuturor
formelor de discriminare;
- Hotarrea Guvernului nr. 1.194
din 27 noiembrie 2001 privind
organizarea i funcionarea
Consiliului Naional pentru
Combaterea Discriminrii;
- Legea nr. 35 din 13 martie 1997
privind organizarea i funcionarea
ENG
28
one of the most profitable, among
whose partners were the Romanian
Institute for the Human Rights, the
Intercultural Institute Timioara,
the Center of Resources for Ethno-
cultural Diversity of Cluj, the
Eur o- r e gi ona l Ce nt e r f or
D e mo c r a c y T i mi o a r a ,
Organization of Ethno-cultural
Projects for Roma people, and
many others.
We believe that Romania
owns, at the present time, a suitable
legislative and institutional frame
in the field of national minorities,
that the dialogue between the
authorities and the organizations of
the national minorities are
performed in good terms, so that in
punct ual si t uat i ons wher e
infringements of the law appear,
one can intervene efficiently to
repair the situation. In Romania
t here i s no di scri mi nat i on
institutionalized on ethnic criteria,
the exceptions being solved by the
institutions habilitated by law. All
these aspects have also been
observed by t he European
Commission, which, in the last
annual reports from the country,
shows that Romania observes the
criteria of Copenhagen as for the
adherence to the European Union.
Romn pentru Drepturile Omului,
Institutul Intercultural Timioara,
Cent rul de Resurse pent ru
Diversitate Etnoculturala din Cluj,
Centrul Euroregional pentru
De mo c r a t i e Ti mi o a r a ,
Organi za i a Proi ect e Rome
Etnoculturale i multe altele.
Suntem de prere c Romnia
dispune la ora actual de un cadru
legislativ i instituional adecvat n
c dialogul autoriti organizaii
ale minoritilor naionale se
realizeaz n bune condiiuni, aa
nct n situaiile punctuale unde se
produc nclcri ale legii se poate
i nt e r ve ni e f i c i e nt pe nt r u
remedierea situaiei. n Romnia
nu exi s t o di s cr i mi nar e
instituionalizat pe criterii etnice,
excepiile fiind rezolvate de ctre
instituiile abilitate de lege. Toate
aceste aspecte au fost constatate i
de ctre Comisia European, care
n ultimele rapoarte anuale de ar
arat c Romnia ndeplinete
criteriile de la Copenhaga n ceea
ce privete aderarea la Uniunea
European.
ENG
31
Fight against
discrimination main
component of the
protection of human rights
in Romania
Adrian CMRAN
Protection of the human rights
and promotion of the equality of
chances are the reference points in
the promotion of any public policy.
The protection of the human
rights is a field suspected to have
several approaches, both through
the perspective of the categories
protected by various normative
acts and institutions, and through
the perspective of various fields
where the human rights manifest
themselves.
From the perspective of the
fight against discrimination, the
situation is highly complex. The
premise of a discrimination act is
the infringement of one or several
rights in various fields of the
political, social or cultural life. The
p a r t y c o m m i t t i n g t h e
discrimination act can be a natural
person, a public institution, a
trading company or some other
legal person while the target of
such manifestation can be persons,
groups of persons or communities.
Many of the discrimination acts are
hard to prove, but when it is
Combaterea discriminrii
component de baz a
proteciei
drepturilor omului n
Romnia
Adrian CMRAN
Protejarea drepturilor omului i
promovarea egalitii de anse sunt
puncte de referin n promovarea
oricrei politici publice.
Protejarea drepturilor omului
este un domeniu care este
susceptibil a avea mai multe
abordri , at t pri n pri sma
categoriilor protejate de diferite
acte normastive i instituii ct i
prin prisma domeniilor diferite n
car e dr ept ur i l e omul ui se
manifest.
Din punctul de vedere al
combaterii discriminrii, situaia
este deosebit de complex. O fapt
de discriminare are ca premis
nclcarea unuia sau mai multor
drepturi n diferite domenii ale
vi e i i pol i t i ce, soci al e sau
culturale. Partea care comite fapta
de discriminare poate fi o persoan
fizic, o instituie public, o
societate comercial sau o alt
persoan juridic n timp ce inta
unor asemenea manifestri pot fi
alte persoane, grupuri de persoane
sau comuniti. Multe dintre
faptele de discriminare sunt greu
ENG
30
operation of the National Council
Discrimination;
th
- Law no. 35 of the 13 of March
1997 regarding the organization
and operation of the Ombudsman
Institution;
st
- Law no. 677 of the 21 of
November 2001 for the protection
of persons concerni ng t he
processing of personal information
and the free circulation of this
information.
instituiei Avocatul Poporului;
- Legea nr. 677 din 21 noiembrie
2001 pentru protecia persoanelor
cu privire la prelucrarea datelor cu
ENG
31
Fight against
discrimination main
component of the
protection of human rights
in Romania
Adrian CMRAN
Protection of the human rights
and promotion of the equality of
chances are the reference points in
the promotion of any public policy.
The protection of the human
rights is a field suspected to have
several approaches, both through
the perspective of the categories
protected by various normative
acts and institutions, and through
the perspective of various fields
where the human rights manifest
themselves.
From the perspective of the
fight against discrimination, the
situation is highly complex. The
premise of a discrimination act is
the infringement of one or several
rights in various fields of the
political, social or cultural life. The
p a r t y c o m m i t t i n g t h e
discrimination act can be a natural
person, a public institution, a
trading company or some other
legal person while the target of
such manifestation can be persons,
groups of persons or communities.
Many of the discrimination acts are
hard to prove, but when it is
Combaterea discriminrii
component de baz a
proteciei
drepturilor omului n
Romnia
Adrian CMRAN
Protejarea drepturilor omului i
promovarea egalitii de anse sunt
puncte de referin n promovarea
oricrei politici publice.
Protejarea drepturilor omului
este un domeniu care este
susceptibil a avea mai multe
abordri , at t pri n pri sma
categoriilor protejate de diferite
acte normastive i instituii ct i
prin prisma domeniilor diferite n
car e dr ept ur i l e omul ui se
manifest.
Din punctul de vedere al
combaterii discriminrii, situaia
este deosebit de complex. O fapt
de discriminare are ca premis
nclcarea unuia sau mai multor
drepturi n diferite domenii ale
vi e i i pol i t i ce, soci al e sau
culturale. Partea care comite fapta
de discriminare poate fi o persoan
fizic, o instituie public, o
societate comercial sau o alt
persoan juridic n timp ce inta
unor asemenea manifestri pot fi
alte persoane, grupuri de persoane
sau comuniti. Multe dintre
faptele de discriminare sunt greu
ENG
30
operation of the National Council
Discrimination;
th
- Law no. 35 of the 13 of March
1997 regarding the organization
and operation of the Ombudsman
Institution;
st
- Law no. 677 of the 21 of
November 2001 for the protection
of persons concerni ng t he
processing of personal information
and the free circulation of this
information.
instituiei Avocatul Poporului;
- Legea nr. 677 din 21 noiembrie
ENG
33
The civil society was also
subject to spectacular evolution.
Supported at first by experienced
personalities in the field of human
rights, the non-governmental
current was capable of forming
specialists in punctual fields and to
contribute to the change of
mentalities. Looking several years
back, we notice that the subjects
that, at that moment in time, were
considered impossible to discuss
are now subject of debate, the
situation changed. An example for
this would be the use of the
maternal language in the public
administration. Certainly, other
fields shall change.
The human rights protection
system includes, in general, both
the legislative area, and the
executive area and the civil society.
An important contribution can be
brought by universities, social
partners or even by international
institutions. Particularly, the
prevention of discrimination acts
with regard to interethnic relations
presupposes participation of the
following actors:
- The National Council for the
Fight against Discrimination as an
institution liable to apply the
G o v e r n me n t p o l i c y o n
discrimination;
- The Department for Interethnic
Department as institution which
fondul promovrii fr echivoc al
unei politici europene.
Societatea civil a cunoscut i
ea o evoluie spectaculoas.
Sprijinit iniial de personaliti cu
experien n domeniul drepturilor
o mu l u i , mi c a r e a n e g u -
vernamental a fost capabil s
formeze specialiti n domenii
punctuale i s contribuie la
schimabrea mentalitilor. Privind
n urm cu civa ani, observm c
subiecte considerate inatacabile la
acea vreme astzi sunt dezbtute,
situaiile schimbate. Un exemplu
n acest sens ar fi folosirea limbii
materne n administraia public.
Cu siguran, alte domenii se vor
schimba.
Si st emul de prot ec i e a
drepturilor omului, generaliznd,
ibnclude att sfera legislativului
ct i executivul i societatea
civil. Un aport important l pot
aduce medi i l e uni versi are,
partenerii sociali sau chiar
instituiile internaionale. n
particular, prevenirea faptelor de
discriminare n ceea ce privete
relaiile interetnice presupune
participarea unmtorilor actori:
- Consiliul Naional pentru
Combaterea Discriminrii ca
instituie care rspunde de
aplicarea politicii Guvernului n
materia nediscriminrii;
- Departamentul pentru Relaii
ENG
32
possible, precautions must be more
firm. Our legislation provides
concrete and efficient mechanisms
to reduce this phenomenon.
Equally important as the
sanction of discrimination acts is
their prevention. In this field, an
institution cannot act by itself. The
existence of a solid institutional
frame is the main condition for the
efficiency of shares concerning
prevention of discrimination. In
this field, the formation of the
against Discrimination came to
complete an already existing frame
and rather operational. We cannot
excl ude t he effort s of t he
Romanian State to assure the rate
setting and covering of delicate
fields. The foundation of the
Ombudsman Institution was a
na t ur a l s t e p t owa r ds t he
democratization of the society.
A l s o , t h e f o u n d i n g o f
governmental structure that are
preoccupied exclusively by
promoting new public policies for
certain disfavored categories
represented a need in post-
r e vol ut i on Roma ni a . The
organization of structures in the
field of national minorities, of the
handicapped persons, of cults, of
the youth was made on the
background of unequi vocal
promotion of a European policy.
de probat dar, atunci cnd acest
lucru este posibil, msurile trebuie
s fie ferme. Legislaia noastr
prevede mecanisme concrete i
eficiente pentru reducerea acestui
fenomen.
La fel de important ca i
sancionarea faptelor de discrimi-
nare este prevenirea acestora. n
acest domeniu o instituie nu poate
aciona singur. Existena unui
cadru instituional bine nchegat
este o condiie primordial pentru
eficiena aciunilor privind
prevenirea discriminrii. n acest
domeniu, nfiinarea Consiliului
Naional pentru Combaterea
Discriminrii a venit ca s
ntregeasc un cadru deja existent
i, n mare msur funcional. Nu
putem exclude eforturile statului
romn de a asigura normarea i
acoperirea unor domenii sensibile.
nfiinarea instituiei Avocatului
Poporului a fost un pas firesc spre
democratizarea societii. De
asemenea, nfi i n area unor
structuri guvernamentale care s se
ocupe exclusiv de promovarea
unor politici publice pentru
anumite categorii defavorizate a
reprezentat o necesitate n
Romnia post-revoluionar.
Organi zarea st ruct uri l or n
al persoanelor cu handicap, al
cultelor al tinerilor s-a fcut pe
ENG
33
The civil society was also
subject to spectacular evolution.
Supported at first by experienced
personalities in the field of human
rights, the non-governmental
current was capable of forming
specialists in punctual fields and to
contribute to the change of
mentalities. Looking several years
back, we notice that the subjects
that, at that moment in time, were
considered impossible to discuss
are now subject of debate, the
situation changed. An example for
this would be the use of the
maternal language in the public
administration. Certainly, other
fields shall change.
The human rights protection
system includes, in general, both
the legislative area, and the
executive area and the civil society.
An important contribution can be
brought by universities, social
partners or even by international
institutions. Particularly, the
prevention of discrimination acts
with regard to interethnic relations
presupposes participation of the
following actors:
- The National Council for the
Fight against Discrimination as an
institution liable to apply the
G o v e r n me n t p o l i c y o n
discrimination;
- The Department for Interethnic
Department as institution which
fondul promovrii fr echivoc al
unei politici europene.
Societatea civil a cunoscut i
ea o evoluie spectaculoas.
Sprijinit iniial de personaliti cu
experien n domeniul drepturilor
o mu l u i , mi c a r e a n e g u -
vernamental a fost capabil s
formeze specialiti n domenii
punctuale i s contribuie la
schimabrea mentalitilor. Privind
n urm cu civa ani, observm c
subiecte considerate inatacabile la
acea vreme astzi sunt dezbtute,
situaiile schimbate. Un exemplu
n acest sens ar fi folosirea limbii
materne n administraia public.
Cu siguran, alte domenii se vor
schimba.
Si st emul de prot ec i e a
drepturilor omului, generaliznd,
ibnclude att sfera legislativului
ct i executivul i societatea
civil. Un aport important l pot
aduce medi i l e uni versi are,
partenerii sociali sau chiar
instituiile internaionale. n
particular, prevenirea faptelor de
discriminare n ceea ce privete
relaiile interetnice presupune
participarea unmtorilor actori:
- Consiliul Naional pentru
Combaterea Discriminrii ca
instituie care rspunde de
aplicarea politicii Guvernului n
materia nediscriminrii;
- Departamentul pentru Relaii
ENG
32
possible, precautions must be more
firm. Our legislation provides
concrete and efficient mechanisms
to reduce this phenomenon.
Equally important as the
sanction of discrimination acts is
their prevention. In this field, an
institution cannot act by itself. The
existence of a solid institutional
frame is the main condition for the
efficiency of shares concerning
prevention of discrimination. In
this field, the formation of the
against Discrimination came to
complete an already existing frame
and rather operational. We cannot
excl ude t he effort s of t he
Romanian State to assure the rate
setting and covering of delicate
fields. The foundation of the
Ombudsman Institution was a
na t ur a l s t e p t owa r ds t he
democratization of the society.
A l s o , t h e f o u n d i n g o f
governmental structure that are
preoccupied exclusively by
promoting new public policies for
certain disfavored categories
represented a need in post-
r e vol ut i on Roma ni a . The
organization of structures in the
field of national minorities, of the
handicapped persons, of cults, of
the youth was made on the
background of unequi vocal
promotion of a European policy.
de probat dar, atunci cnd acest
lucru este posibil, msurile trebuie
s fie ferme. Legislaia noastr
prevede mecanisme concrete i
eficiente pentru reducerea acestui
fenomen.
La fel de important ca i
sancionarea faptelor de discrimi-
nare este prevenirea acestora. n
acest domeniu o instituie nu poate
aciona singur. Existena unui
cadru instituional bine nchegat
este o condiie primordial pentru
eficiena aciunilor privind
prevenirea discriminrii. n acest
domeniu, nfiinarea Consiliului
Discriminrii a venit ca s
ntregeasc un cadru deja existent
i, n mare msur funcional. Nu
putem exclude eforturile statului
romn de a asigura normarea i
acoperirea unor domenii sensibile.
nfiinarea instituiei Avocatului
Poporului a fost un pas firesc spre
democratizarea societii. De
asemenea, nfi i n area unor
structuri guvernamentale care s se
ocupe exclusiv de promovarea
unor politici publice pentru
anumite categorii defavorizate a
reprezentat o necesitate n
Romnia post-revoluionar.
Organi zarea st ruct uri l or n
al persoanelor cu handicap, al
cultelor al tinerilor s-a fcut pe
ENG
35
of concept paper. In the field of
interethnic relations we found,
during the last years, a series of
positive examples. Also, the
against Discrimination elaborated,
in collaboration with the central
public administration and with the
civil society, the National Plan for
the Fight against Discrimination.
In fact, it is an atypical example,
like the institution itself. Due to the
fact that the foundation of the
institution and the beginning of its
activity had become rather
stringent, there was practically no
real period meant exclusively to
the institutional construction, this
being made while applying
sanctions, crystallizing of the staff,
elaboration of the strategies and
position documents. From this
perspective, the history of the
institution short indeed is a
success.
Returning to the problematic of
preventing discrimination acts, a
second collaboration method is the
collaboration in the promotion and
implementation of the projects and
programs. And in this field,
cooperation between the structures
of the public administration and the
involvement of the civil society are
decisive. Projects, as well as
policies, shall be addressed
directly to the company. Or,
relaiilor interetnice gsim, n
ultimii ani, o serie de exemple
pozitive. De asemenea, Consiliul
Discriminrii a elaborat, n
colaborare cu administraia
public central i cu societatea
civil Planul Naional pentru
Combaterea Discriminrii. De
fapt, este un exemplu atipic, ca
instituia n sine. Datorit faptului
c nfiinarea instituiei i
demararea activitii acesteia
deveniser stringente, practic nu a
existat nici o perioad real
destinat exclusiv construciei
instituionale, acest lucru fcndu-
se cocnomitent cu aplicarea de
sanciuni, cristalizarea persona-
lului, elaborarea strategiilor i
documentelor de poziii. Din acest
punct de vedere, istoria scurt ce-i
drept a instituiei este un succes.
Revenind la problematica
prevenirii faptelor de discriminare,
o a doua cale de colaborare este cea
a colaborrii n promovarea i
implementarea proiectelor i
programelor. i n acest domeniu
cooperarea ntre structurile
a dmi ni s t r a i e i publ i c e i
implicarea societii civile sunt
decisive. Proiectele, la fel ca i
politicile se adreseaz direct
societii. Ori fr impliocarea
acesteia rezultatul l putem intui...
Aminteam mai sus despre rolul pe
ENG
34
instates and develops public
policies and programs in the field
of the national minorities;
- The Ombudsman Institution -
as an institution creating direction
lines for the relation between the
administration and the minorities;
- The Civil Society as a
discussion partner and as partner in
the promotion and progress of
projects.
T h e p r e v e n t i o n o f
discrimination acts can e achieved
by several concrete collaboration
methods. The first method is the
el aborat i on, promot i on and
implementation of the public
policies. A position document in a
certain field cannot be entirely
elaborated by one institution,
particularly when sectorial policies
on long and average term are
involved. In order to finish them
we need to collaborate with all the
institutions operating in that field
and by the support of the civil
s o c i e t y. P r o mo t i o n a n d
implementation are two of the most
important aspects for the success of
a policy document. If there is no
institutions of the administration,
or, even worse, if there is no
involvement of the civil society,
those principles have all the
chances to remain only at the stage
Interetnice ca instituie care
instituie i deruleaz politici
publice i programe n domeniul
- Instituia Avocatului Poporului
- ca instituie care creaz linii
directoare referitor la relaia
administraie-minoriti;
- Societatea civil ca partener de
dialog i partener n promovarea i
derularea proiectelor.
Prevenirea faptelor de discri-
minare se poate realiza pe mai
multe ci concrete de colaborare. O
prim cale este cea a elaborrii,
promovrii i implementrii
politicilor publice. Un document
de poziie ntr-un anumit domeniu
nu poate fi elaborat n totalitate de
o singur instituie, mai ales cnd
este vorba de politici sectoriale pe
termen mediu i lung. Pentru
definitivarea acestora este nevoie
de colaborarea tuturor instituiilor
cu activitate n acel domeniu i de
sprijinul societii civile.
Promovarea i implementarea
sunt dou aspecte deosebit de
importante pentru reuita unui
document de politici. Neexistnd
colaborare ntre instituiile
administraiei sau, mai grav,
neexistnd o implicare a societii
civile, acele principii au toate
ansele de a rmne doar la stadiul
de concept paper. n domeniul
ENG
35
of concept paper. In the field of
interethnic relations we found,
during the last years, a series of
positive examples. Also, the
against Discrimination elaborated,
in collaboration with the central
public administration and with the
civil society, the National Plan for
the Fight against Discrimination.
In fact, it is an atypical example,
like the institution itself. Due to the
fact that the foundation of the
institution and the beginning of its
activity had become rather
stringent, there was practically no
real period meant exclusively to
the institutional construction, this
being made while applying
sanctions, crystallizing of the staff,
elaboration of the strategies and
position documents. From this
perspective, the history of the
institution short indeed is a
success.
Returning to the problematic of
preventing discrimination acts, a
second collaboration method is the
collaboration in the promotion and
implementation of the projects and
programs. And in this field,
cooperation between the structures
of the public administration and the
involvement of the civil society are
decisive. Projects, as well as
policies, shall be addressed
directly to the company. Or,
relaiilor interetnice gsim, n
ultimii ani, o serie de exemple
pozitive. De asemenea, Consiliul
Discriminrii a elaborat, n
colaborare cu administraia
public central i cu societatea
civil Planul Naional pentru
Combaterea Discriminrii. De
fapt, este un exemplu atipic, ca
instituia n sine. Datorit faptului
c nfiinarea instituiei i
demararea activitii acesteia
deveniser stringente, practic nu a
existat nici o perioad real
destinat exclusiv construciei
instituionale, acest lucru fcndu-
se cocnomitent cu aplicarea de
sanciuni, cristalizarea persona-
lului, elaborarea strategiilor i
documentelor de poziii. Din acest
punct de vedere, istoria scurt ce-i
drept a instituiei este un succes.
Revenind la problematica
prevenirii faptelor de discriminare,
o a doua cale de colaborare este cea
a colaborrii n promovarea i
implementarea proiectelor i
programelor. i n acest domeniu
cooperarea ntre structurile
a dmi ni s t r a i e i publ i c e i
implicarea societii civile sunt
decisive. Proiectele, la fel ca i
politicile se adreseaz direct
societii. Ori fr impliocarea
acesteia rezultatul l putem intui...
Aminteam mai sus despre rolul pe
ENG
34
instates and develops public
policies and programs in the field
of the national minorities;
- The Ombudsman Institution -
as an institution creating direction
lines for the relation between the
administration and the minorities;
- The Civil Society as a
discussion partner and as partner in
the promotion and progress of
projects.
T h e p r e v e n t i o n o f
discrimination acts can e achieved
by several concrete collaboration
methods. The first method is the
el aborat i on, promot i on and
implementation of the public
policies. A position document in a
certain field cannot be entirely
elaborated by one institution,
particularly when sectorial policies
on long and average term are
involved. In order to finish them
we need to collaborate with all the
institutions operating in that field
and by the support of the civil
s o c i e t y. P r o mo t i o n a n d
implementation are two of the most
important aspects for the success of
a policy document. If there is no
institutions of the administration,
or, even worse, if there is no
involvement of the civil society,
those principles have all the
chances to remain only at the stage
Interetnice ca instituie care
instituie i deruleaz politici
publice i programe n domeniul
- Instituia Avocatului Poporului
- ca instituie care creaz linii
directoare referitor la relaia
administraie-minoriti;
- Societatea civil ca partener de
dialog i partener n promovarea i
derularea proiectelor.
Prevenirea faptelor de discri-
minare se poate realiza pe mai
multe ci concrete de colaborare. O
prim cale este cea a elaborrii,
promovrii i implementrii
politicilor publice. Un document
de poziie ntr-un anumit domeniu
nu poate fi elaborat n totalitate de
o singur instituie, mai ales cnd
este vorba de politici sectoriale pe
termen mediu i lung. Pentru
definitivarea acestora este nevoie
de colaborarea tuturor instituiilor
cu activitate n acel domeniu i de
sprijinul societii civile.
Promovarea i implementarea
sunt dou aspecte deosebit de
importante pentru reuita unui
document de politici. Neexistnd
colaborare ntre instituiile
administraiei sau, mai grav,
neexistnd o implicare a societii
civile, acele principii au toate
ansele de a rmne doar la stadiul
de concept paper. n domeniul
ENG
37
would have spoken at this time
about the directions within the
ministries with duties in certain
social fields of the minorities.
As we were saying above, the
university environment and social
partners have an important role in
this system. We are very well aware
of the capacity of the University to
mould mentalities. From here on, a
series of specialists in the field of
human rights, in general, of the
fight against discrimination, in
particular, can be formed and
promoted. Also, taking into
account the huge human resources
of the Universities, study making
and research are something to
consider. The social partners trade
unions, patronages are more
active, especially from the
perspective of policies, projects
and programs in the field of the
workforce market, of the work
relations. But even here, the issues
are more complex, and any
precaution taken in this field
without the participation of these
partners shall fail.
The company is in continuous
development. And so is the field of
hyman rights. Implicitly, the
methods to infringe them are more
refined. But we must say that, for as
ling as the institutional frame is
supported on pillars by itself, the
fight for the promotion of equality
anumite domenii sociale ale
minoritilor.
Aa cum aminteam, un rol
important n acestsistem, l au
mediul universitar i partenerii
sociali. Este cunoscut rolul de
modelator de mentaliti al
Universitii. De aici, pot fi formai
i promovai o serie de specialiti
n domeniul drepturilor omului, n
g e n e r a l , a l c o mb a t e r i i
discriminrii, n special. De
asemenea, avnd n vedere uriaele
resurse umane pe care le au
Universitile, efectuarea de studii
i cercetri este un lucru care
trebuie luat n considerare.
Partenerii sociali sindicate,
patronate sunt active mai ales n
ceea ce privete politicile,
proiectele i programele n
domeniul pieii forei de munc, al
relaiilor de munc. Dar i aici
problemele sunt complexe i orice
msur ntreprins n acest
domeniu fr participarea acestor
parteneri este sortit eecului.
Societatea este ntr-o continu
dezvoltare. Domeniul drepturilor
omului la fel. Implicit i metodele
de nclcare a acestora devin mai
rafinate. Trebuie spus ns, c,
atta timp ct cadrul instituional
se sprijin pe piloni siguri, lupta
pentru promovarea egalitii de
anse are toate premisele reuitei.
To c ma i d e a c e e a f e l i c i t
ENG
36
without involving it, we can guess
the result... We have mentioned
above the role that the international
organisms can play in what it is for
the protection of the human rights
and the assurance of the equality of
chances. Maybe it's here, to this
point, that one could notice how
important they are with regard to
t h e p r e v e n t i o n o f t h e
discrimination acts. In certain
stages of the project, these
organizations can intervene both
with their expertise and their
contribution in terms of human,
material or financial resources. The
reality has proven it, without
reducing the merits of the national
projects, that a project with
international implication has a
larger impact, and that the chances
of success increase proportionally.
The last collaboration method
is that concerning the cooperation
in the field of the construction or of
t he c ons ol i da t i on of t he
institutional frame. Without trying
to develop this aspect, it is enough
to analyze the evolution of the
governmental structures in the
field of national minorities in order
to accomplish the importance of
cooperation of the actors involved
i n t hi s fi el d. Wi t hout t he
Organizations of the citizens
belonging to national minorities, of
the National Minority Council, we
care organismele internaionale l
pot juca n ceea ce privete
protejarea drepturilor omului i
asigurarea egalitii de anse.
Poate aici, la acest punct se poate
observa ct de importante sunt
acestea n ceea ce privete
p r e v e n i r e a f a p t e l o r d e
discriminare. La anumite faze ale
proiectului aceste organizaii pot
interveni att cu expertiz ct i
prin aport de resurse umane,
ma t e r i a l e s a u f i na nc i a r e .
Realitatea a dovedit-o, fr a
scdea din meritele proiectelor
naionale, c un proiect cu
implicare internaional are un
impact mai mare iar ansele de
reuit cresc proporional.
Ultima cale de colaborare este
cea pr i vi nd cooper ar ea n
domeniul construciei sau ntririi
cadrului instituional. Fr a
ncerca o dezvoltare a acestui
aspect este suficient a analiza
e v o l u i a s t r u c t u r i l o r
guvernamentale n domeniul
minoritilor naionale pentru a
realiza importana cooperrii
actorilor implicai n acest
domeni u. Fr Organi za i i l e
mi nor i t i l or na i onal e, a
Naionale, am fi vorbit la aceast
or despre direciile din cadrul
ministerelor care au atribuii n
ENG
37
would have spoken at this time
about the directions within the
ministries with duties in certain
social fields of the minorities.
As we were saying above, the
university environment and social
partners have an important role in
this system. We are very well aware
of the capacity of the University to
mould mentalities. From here on, a
series of specialists in the field of
human rights, in general, of the
fight against discrimination, in
particular, can be formed and
promoted. Also, taking into
account the huge human resources
of the Universities, study making
and research are something to
consider. The social partners trade
unions, patronages are more
active, especially from the
perspective of policies, projects
and programs in the field of the
workforce market, of the work
relations. But even here, the issues
are more complex, and any
precaution taken in this field
without the participation of these
partners shall fail.
The company is in continuous
development. And so is the field of
hyman rights. Implicitly, the
methods to infringe them are more
refined. But we must say that, for as
ling as the institutional frame is
supported on pillars by itself, the
fight for the promotion of equality
anumite domenii sociale ale
minoritilor.
Aa cum aminteam, un rol
important n acestsistem, l au
mediul universitar i partenerii
sociali. Este cunoscut rolul de
modelator de mentaliti al
Universitii. De aici, pot fi formai
i promovai o serie de specialiti
n domeniul drepturilor omului, n
g e n e r a l , a l c o mb a t e r i i
discriminrii, n special. De
asemenea, avnd n vedere uriaele
resurse umane pe care le au
Universitile, efectuarea de studii
i cercetri este un lucru care
trebuie luat n considerare.
Partenerii sociali sindicate,
patronate sunt active mai ales n
ceea ce privete politicile,
proiectele i programele n
domeniul pieii forei de munc, al
relaiilor de munc. Dar i aici
problemele sunt complexe i orice
msur ntreprins n acest
domeniu fr participarea acestor
parteneri este sortit eecului.
Societatea este ntr-o continu
dezvoltare. Domeniul drepturilor
omului la fel. Implicit i metodele
de nclcare a acestora devin mai
rafinate. Trebuie spus ns, c,
atta timp ct cadrul instituional
se sprijin pe piloni siguri, lupta
pentru promovarea egalitii de
anse are toate premisele reuitei.
To c ma i d e a c e e a f e l i c i t
ENG
36
without involving it, we can guess
the result... We have mentioned
above the role that the international
organisms can play in what it is for
the protection of the human rights
and the assurance of the equality of
chances. Maybe it's here, to this
point, that one could notice how
important they are with regard to
t h e p r e v e n t i o n o f t h e
discrimination acts. In certain
stages of the project, these
organizations can intervene both
with their expertise and their
contribution in terms of human,
material or financial resources. The
reality has proven it, without
reducing the merits of the national
projects, that a project with
international implication has a
larger impact, and that the chances
of success increase proportionally.
The last collaboration method
is that concerning the cooperation
in the field of the construction or of
t he c ons ol i da t i on of t he
institutional frame. Without trying
to develop this aspect, it is enough
to analyze the evolution of the
governmental structures in the
field of national minorities in order
to accomplish the importance of
cooperation of the actors involved
i n t hi s fi el d. Wi t hout t he
Organizations of the citizens
belonging to national minorities, of
the National Minority Council, we
care organismele internaionale l
pot juca n ceea ce privete
protejarea drepturilor omului i
asigurarea egalitii de anse.
Poate aici, la acest punct se poate
observa ct de importante sunt
acestea n ceea ce privete
p r e v e n i r e a f a p t e l o r d e
discriminare. La anumite faze ale
proiectului aceste organizaii pot
interveni att cu expertiz ct i
prin aport de resurse umane,
ma t e r i a l e s a u f i na nc i a r e .
Realitatea a dovedit-o, fr a
scdea din meritele proiectelor
naionale, c un proiect cu
implicare internaional are un
impact mai mare iar ansele de
reuit cresc proporional.
Ultima cale de colaborare este
cea pr i vi nd cooper ar ea n
domeniul construciei sau ntririi
cadrului instituional. Fr a
ncerca o dezvoltare a acestui
aspect este suficient a analiza
e v o l u i a s t r u c t u r i l o r
guvernamentale n domeniul
minoritilor naionale pentru a
realiza importana cooperrii
actorilor implicai n acest
domeni u. Fr Organi za i i l e
mi nor i t i l or na i onal e, a
Naionale, am fi vorbit la aceast
or despre direciile din cadrul
ministerelor care au atribuii n
ENG
39
ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENT
Attila MARKO
State Sub-Secretary
Evolution of the interethnic
relations promotion
system since the
foundation of the National
Minorities Council in 1993
Introduction
This material is rather a
database. We have not intended to
linearly describe a history of the
National Minority Council, but to
rapidly present the contribution of
the NMC and of the Interethnic
Relations Department (the ex-
National Minorities Protection
Department) on the creation of a
new legal and institutional frame
for the promotion of the rights of
the national minorities.
I think that during these 10
years (that have become 11 in the
meantime) the most important
accomplishment was the way to a
GUVERNUL ROMNIEI
RELAII INTERETNICE
Attila MARKO
Subsecretar de stat
Evoluia sistemului de
promovare a relaiilor
interetnice de la crearea
Naionale n 1993
Introducere
Prezentul material este mai
degrab o baz de date. Nu am avut
intenia de a descrie cursiv o istorie
a Consi l i ul ui Mi nori t i l or
Naionale, ci s prezentm, succint
i n date, contribuia CMN i a
Interetnice (fostul Departament
pentru Protecia Minoritilor
Naionale) la crearea unui nou
cadru juridic i instituional pentru
p r o mo v a r e a d r e t u r i l o r
n decursul acestor 10 ani (care
ntre timp au devenit 11) cred c
cea mai important realizare a fost
ENG
38
of chances has all the premises to
succeed. That is exactly why I now
congratulate the organizers for the
initiative to organize such a
manifestation, and I thank them for
the invitation to participate.
organizatorii pentru iniiativa
organi zr i i uni e ast f el de
manifestri i le mulumesc pentru
invitaia de a participa.
ENG
39
ROMANIAN GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENT
Attila MARKO
State Sub-Secretary
Evolution of the interethnic
relations promotion
system since the
foundation of the National
Minorities Council in 1993
Introduction
This material is rather a
database. We have not intended to
linearly describe a history of the
National Minority Council, but to
rapidly present the contribution of
the NMC and of the Interethnic
Relations Department (the ex-
National Minorities Protection
Department) on the creation of a
new legal and institutional frame
for the promotion of the rights of
the national minorities.
I think that during these 10
years (that have become 11 in the
meantime) the most important
accomplishment was the way to a
GUVERNUL ROMNIEI
RELAII INTERETNICE
Attila MARKO
Subsecretar de stat
Evoluia sistemului de
interetnice de la crearea
Naionale n 1993
Introducere
Prezentul material este mai
degrab o baz de date. Nu am avut
intenia de a descrie cursiv o istorie
a Consi l i ul ui Mi nori t i l or
Naionale, ci s prezentm, succint
i n date, contribuia CMN i a
Interetnice (fostul Departament
Naionale) la crearea unui nou
cadru juridic i instituional pentru
p r o mo v a r e a d r e t u r i l o r
n decursul acestor 10 ani (care
ntre timp au devenit 11) cred c
cea mai important realizare a fost
ENG
38
of chances has all the premises to
succeed. That is exactly why I now
congratulate the organizers for the
initiative to organize such a
manifestation, and I thank them for
the invitation to participate.
organizatorii pentru iniiativa
organi zr i i uni e ast f el de
manifestri i le mulumesc pentru
invitaia de a participa.
ENG
41
in 1999;
1996: signing and ratification
of the bilateral treaty with
Hungary;
Ukraine;
1998: ratification of the
European Charta of local
autonomy;
1999: ratification of the Frame
Convention for cross-border
cooperation;
O.U.G. (Government Urgency
Ordi nance) no. 21/ 1997
regarding the returning of real
estates that used to belong to
Jewi sh communi t i es of
Romania;
O.U.G. no. 13/1998 regarding
the returning of real estates that
used to belong to communities
of Romanian national minority
citizens;
O.G. no.111/1998 for the
amendment of O.U.G no.
21/ 1997 r e ga r di ng t he
returning of real estates that
used to belong to Jewish
communities of Romania;
O.G. no.112/1998 regarding
used to belong to Romanian
national minority communities
(organizations, religious cults);
O.U.G no. 83/1999 regarding
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1996: semnarea i ratificarea
tratatului bilateral cu Ungaria;
tratatului bilateral cu Ucraina;
1998: ratificarea Cartei
europene a autonomiei locale;
1999: ratificarea Convenei
cadru pentru cooperarea
transfrontalier;
O.U.G nr. 21/1997 privind
retrocedarea unor bunuri
imobile care au aparinut
comunitilor evreieti din
Romnia;
O.U.G. nr. 13/1998 privind
restituirea unor bunuri imobile
care au aparinut comunitilor
minoritilor naionale din
Romnia;
O.G. nr.111/1998 pentru
modificarea O.U.G nr. 21/1997
privind retrocedarea unor
bunuri i mobi l e care au
apar i nut comuni t i l or
evreieti din Romnia;
O.G. nr.112/1998 privind
(organizaii, culte religioase)
Romnia;
ENG
40
real change of mentality. Leaving
aside the apparently tiring
enumerat i on of dat es, t hi s
accomplishment could not be
recorded as a simple dash among
the others. But it is a reality, a sum
and at the same time a common
denominator of all the dashes to
come...
1. Legislation
1993: Council for National
Minorities (the initial name)
was funded through the HG
(Government Resolution) no.
th
137 of the 6 of April 1993, as
a consultative organism of
the Government meant to
assure an adequate, modern
f r a me o f d e mo c r a t i c
p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f t h e
representatives of the national
minorities in taking legislative,
administrative and financial
decisions concerning them;
of the Convention frame for
the protection of national
minorities, legal instrument of
the European Council;
1995: signing of the European
Charta of regional or minority
languages from the European
Council system;
1995: enforcement of the
Educat i on Law no. 84,
republished with amendments
=
=
=
=
drumul parcurs ctre o real
schimbare de mentalitate. Trecnd
peste nirrile aparent obositoare
de date, aceast realizare nu a putut
fi trecut ca o simpl liniu printre
celelalte. Este ns o realitate, o
sum i n acelai timp un numitor
comun al tuturor liniuelor ce
urmeaz...
1. Legislaie
1993: Consiliul pentru
Mi no r i t a t i Na t i o na l e
(denumirea initiala) a fost
infiintat prin HG nr. 137 din
6 aprilie 1993, ca organism
consultativ al Guvernului
menit sa asigure un cadru
a d e c v a t , mo d e r n , d e
participare democratica a
reprezentantilor minoritatilor
nationale la luarea deciziilor de
ordin legislativ, administrativ
si financiar care le privesc;
Conveniei cadru pentru
prot ec i a mi nor i t i l or
naionale, instrument juridic al
Consiliului Europei;
1995: semnar ea Cart ei
europene a limbilor regionale
sau minoritare din sistemul
1995: adopt ar ea Legi i
nv mnt ul ui , nr. 84,
republicat cu modificri n
1999;
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=
ENG
41
in 1999;
Hungary;
Ukraine;
1998: ratification of the
European Charta of local
autonomy;
1999: ratification of the Frame
Convention for cross-border
cooperation;
O.U.G. (Government Urgency
Ordi nance) no. 21/ 1997
regarding the returning of real
estates that used to belong to
Jewi sh communi t i es of
Romania;
used to belong to communities
of Romanian national minority
citizens;
O.G. no.111/1998 for the
amendment of O.U.G no.
communities of Romania;
O.G. no.112/1998 regarding
used to belong to Romanian
national minority communities
(organizations, religious cults);
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=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
tratatului bilateral cu Ungaria;
tratatului bilateral cu Ucraina;
1998: ratificarea Cartei
europene a autonomiei locale;
1999: ratificarea Convenei
cadru pentru cooperarea
transfrontalier;
retrocedarea unor bunuri
imobile care au aparinut
comunitilor evreieti din
Romnia;
O.U.G. nr. 13/1998 privind
Romnia;
O.G. nr.111/1998 pentru
modificarea O.U.G nr. 21/1997
evreieti din Romnia;
O.G. nr.112/1998 privind
(organizaii, culte religioase)
Romnia;
ENG
40
real change of mentality. Leaving
aside the apparently tiring
enumerat i on of dat es, t hi s
accomplishment could not be
recorded as a simple dash among
the others. But it is a reality, a sum
and at the same time a common
denominator of all the dashes to
come...
1. Legislation
1993: Council for National
Minorities (the initial name)
was funded through the HG
(Government Resolution) no.
th
137 of the 6 of April 1993, as
a consultative organism of
the Government meant to
assure an adequate, modern
f r a me o f d e mo c r a t i c
p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f t h e
representatives of the national
minorities in taking legislative,
administrative and financial
decisions concerning them;
of the Convention frame for
the protection of national
minorities, legal instrument of
the European Council;
1995: signing of the European
Charta of regional or minority
languages from the European
Council system;
1995: enforcement of the
Educat i on Law no. 84,
republished with amendments
=
=
=
=
drumul parcurs ctre o real
schimbare de mentalitate. Trecnd
peste nirrile aparent obositoare
de date, aceast realizare nu a putut
fi trecut ca o simpl liniu printre
celelalte. Este ns o realitate, o
sum i n acelai timp un numitor
comun al tuturor liniuelor ce
urmeaz...
1. Legislaie
1993: Consiliul pentru
Mi no r i t a t i Na t i o na l e
(denumirea initiala) a fost
infiintat prin HG nr. 137 din
6 aprilie 1993, ca organism
consultativ al Guvernului
menit sa asigure un cadru
a d e c v a t , mo d e r n , d e
participare democratica a
reprezentantilor minoritatilor
nationale la luarea deciziilor de
ordin legislativ, administrativ
si financiar care le privesc;
Conveniei cadru pentru
prot ec i a mi nor i t i l or
naionale, instrument juridic al
1995: semnar ea Cart ei
sau minoritare din sistemul
1995: adopt ar ea Legi i
nv mnt ul ui , nr. 84,
republicat cu modificri n
1999;
=
=
=
=
ENG
43
granting of rights to persons
persecuted by the dictatorship
th
instated as of March 6 , 1945
for political reasons, as well as
to those deported abroad or
held prisoners (approved and
a me n d e d b y La w n o .
189/2000);
O.U.G. no. 165/2000 for the
completion of art. 5 of Law no.
68/1992 regarding the election
of the Chamber of Deputies and
of the Senate;
O.G no. 242/2000 for the
amendment of the O. G.
105/ 1999 r egar di ng t he
persecuted by the regimes
instated in Romania as of
th
September 6 , 1940 until
th
March 6 , 1945, out of ethnic
reasons;
O.G. no. 119/2000 for the
amendment of the Decree-Law
no. 118/1990 regarding the
th
out of political reasons, as well
as of those deported abroad or
held prisoners;
O.G. no. 121/2000 regarding
the foundation of the Institute
f or St udy of Na t i ona l
Minorities Problems;
the prevention and sanction of
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=
martie 1945 , precum i celor
deportate n strintate ori
const i t ui t e n pri zoni eri
(aprobat i modificat prin
Legea nr. 189/2000);
O.U.G. nr. 165/2000 pentru
completarea art. 5 din Legea nr.
68/1992 privind alegerea
Camerei Deputailor i a
Senatului;
O.G nr. 242/2000 pentru
modificarea O.G. 105/1999
privind acordarea unor drepturi
persoanelor persecutate de
ctre regimurile instaurate n
Romnia cu ncepere de la 6
septembrie 1940 pn la 6
martie 1945, din motive etnice;
Ordonana Guvernului nr.
119/2000 pentru modificarea
Decretului Lege nr. 118/1990
persoanelor persecutate din
motive politice de dictatura
instaurat cu ncepere de la 6
martie 1945, precum i celor
constituite n prizonieri;
Ordonana Guvernului nr
121/2000 privind nfiinarea
Institutului pentru Studierea
Problemelor Minoritilor
Naionale;
137/2000 privind prevenirea i
sancionarea tuturor formelor
de discriminare (aprobat prin
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=
=
=
ENG
42
used to belong to the citizens of
Romanian national minority
communities;
amendment and completion of
the annex to the O.U.G no.
communities of Romania, as
well as of the annex to the
O.U.G no. 83/1999
H.G. no. 378/1998 regarding
t h e f o r ma t i o n o f t h e
Assessment Commission in
view of founding the State
University in Hungarian
language;
the forming, organization and
oper at i on of t he i nt er-
ministerial Committee for
National Minorities;
the initiation of the procedure
to form the Petfi-Schiller
State multicultural university
in Hungarian and German
language;
H.G no. 881/1998 for the
th
declaration of the 18 of
December as the Romanian
Minority Day;
the amendment and completion
of t he Decr ee- Law no.
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=
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=
=
Romnia;
modificarea i completarea
anexei la O.U.G nr. 21/1997
evr ei e t i di n Romni a,
respectiv a anexei la O.U.G nr.
83/1999
H.G. nr. 378/1998 privind
constituirea Comisiei de
Evaluare n vederea nfiinrii
Universitii de Stat cu Limba
de Predare Maghiar;
nfiinarea, organizarea i
funcionarea Comitetului
I nt er mi ni s t er i al pent r u
Minoriti Naionale;
i ni i er ea pr ocedur i i de
nfiinare a universitii de stat
multiculturale cu limbile de
predare maghiar i german
"Petofi-Schiller";
H.G nr. 881/1998 pentru
decl ar ar ea zi l ei de 18
d e c e mb r i e c a Z i u a
minoritilor din Romnia;
O.G. nr. 105/1999 privind
Decretului-Lege nr. 118/1990
=
=
=
=
=
=
ENG
43
th
for political reasons, as well as
to those deported abroad or
held prisoners (approved and
a me n d e d b y La w n o .
189/2000);
completion of art. 5 of Law no.
68/1992 regarding the election
of the Chamber of Deputies and
of the Senate;
O.G no. 242/2000 for the
amendment of the O. G.
persecuted by the regimes
instated in Romania as of
th
September 6 , 1940 until
th
March 6 , 1945, out of ethnic
reasons;
O.G. no. 119/2000 for the
amendment of the Decree-Law
no. 118/1990 regarding the
th
out of political reasons, as well
as of those deported abroad or
held prisoners;
the foundation of the Institute
f or St udy of Na t i ona l
Minorities Problems;
the prevention and sanction of
=
=
=
=
=
martie 1945 , precum i celor
const i t ui t e n pri zoni eri
(aprobat i modificat prin
Legea nr. 189/2000);
completarea art. 5 din Legea nr.
68/1992 privind alegerea
Camerei Deputailor i a
Senatului;
O.G nr. 242/2000 pentru
modificarea O.G. 105/1999
persoanelor persecutate de
ctre regimurile instaurate n
Romnia cu ncepere de la 6
septembrie 1940 pn la 6
martie 1945, din motive etnice;
119/2000 pentru modificarea
Decretului Lege nr. 118/1990
martie 1945, precum i celor
constituite n prizonieri;
Ordonana Guvernului nr
121/2000 privind nfiinarea
Institutului pentru Studierea
Problemelor Minoritilor
Naionale;
137/2000 privind prevenirea i
sancionarea tuturor formelor
de discriminare (aprobat prin
=
=
=
=
=
ENG
42
used to belong to the citizens of
Romanian national minority
communities;
the annex to the O.U.G no.
communities of Romania, as
well as of the annex to the
O.U.G no. 83/1999
t h e f o r ma t i o n o f t h e
Assessment Commission in
view of founding the State
University in Hungarian
language;
the forming, organization and
oper at i on of t he i nt er-
ministerial Committee for
National Minorities;
the initiation of the procedure
to form the Petfi-Schiller
State multicultural university
in Hungarian and German
language;
H.G no. 881/1998 for the
th
declaration of the 18 of
December as the Romanian
Minority Day;
the amendment and completion
of t he Decr ee- Law no.
=
=
=
=
=
=
Romnia;
anexei la O.U.G nr. 21/1997
evr ei e t i di n Romni a,
respectiv a anexei la O.U.G nr.
83/1999
constituirea Comisiei de
Evaluare n vederea nfiinrii
Universitii de Stat cu Limba
de Predare Maghiar;
nfiinarea, organizarea i
funcionarea Comitetului
I nt er mi ni s t er i al pent r u
Minoriti Naionale;
i ni i er ea pr ocedur i i de
nfiinare a universitii de stat
multiculturale cu limbile de
predare maghiar i german
"Petofi-Schiller";
H.G nr. 881/1998 pentru
decl ar ar ea zi l ei de 18
d e c e mb r i e c a Z i u a
minoritilor din Romnia;
O.G. nr. 105/1999 privind
Decretului-Lege nr. 118/1990
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=
=
=
=
=
ENG
45
the returning of the real estates
that used to belong to national
minority communities.
2. Institutional
evolution
= after the elections of 1992, the
national minorities have been
represent ed by t he t wo
parliamentary groups of the
UDMR in the Senate and
Chamber of Deputies and by
14 deputies representing
b e l o n g i n g t o n a t i o n a l
minorities;
= 1993: the forming of the
Counc i l f or Nat i onal
Minorities as the counseling
organism of the Government
in taking the decisions
= 1993: t he admi ssi on of
Romania into the European
Council;
Parliamentary Group of the
Minorities had gathered 15
members, and aft er t he
elections of 2000, it had
gathered 19 members;
Department for the Protection
of Nat i onal Mi nor i t i es
(DPMN) within the Romanian
2. Evoluie
instituional
= dup alegerile din 1992,
minoritile naionale au fost
reprezentate de cele dou
grupuri parlamentare ale
UDMR din Senat i Camera
Deputailor i de 14 deputai
reprezentnd organizaii ale
= 1993: nfiinarea Consiliului
p e n t r u Mi n o r i t i l e
Nai onal e ca organi sm
consultativ al Guvernului n
luarea deciziilor referitoare
la protecia minoritilor
naionale;
= 1993: admiterea Romniei n
Consiliul Europei;
= - dup alegerile din 1996,
Gr upul Pa r l a me nt a r a l
Minoritilor a crescut la 15
membri, iar dup alegerile din
2000 la 19 membri;
= 1 9 9 7 : n f i i n a r e a
Depar t ament ul ui pent r u
Pr ot e c i a Mi nor i t i l or
Naionale (DPMN) n cadrul
Guvernului Romniei; numirea
unui ministru delegat pe lng
pr i mul mi ni s t r u pent r u
ENG
44
all forms of discrimination
(approved by Law 48/2002);
the forming of the National
Minorities Council;
Law no. 215/ 2001 regarding
the local public administration;
the prohibition of the activity of
fascist, racist of xenophobic
organizations and symbols, and
of promotion of the cult of
persons guilty of committing
crimes against peace and
humankind;
H.G. no. 223/2002 for the
the H.G. no. 1157/2001 for the
appr oval of t he Nor ms
regarding the display of
Romani an nat i onal fl ag,
performance of the national
anthem and use of Romanian
emblem seals;
the settlement of the property
r i g h t o f t h e J e w i s h
Communities Federation of
Romania on cult centers,
cemeteries and other goods
destined for the activities of the
Jewish Cult;
Law no. 501/2002 regarding
that used to belong to religious
cults;
Law no. 66/2004 concerning
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Legea 48/2002);
nf i i n area Consi l i ul ui
Minoritilor Naionale;
Legea nr. 215/ 2001 privind
administraia publica locala;
i nt e r z i c e r e a a c t i vi t i i
organizaiilor i simbolurilor
cu caracter fascist, rasist sau
xenofob i a promovrii
cultului persoanelor vinovate
de svrirea unor infraciuni
contra pcii i omenirii;
H.G. nr. 223/2002 pentru
aprobarea Normelor privind
a r b o r a r e a d r a p e l u l u i
Romniei, intonarea imnului
naional i folosirea sigiliilor
cu stema Romaniei;
O.U.G. nr. 36/2002, privind
reglementarea dreptului de
proprietate al Federaiei
Comunitilor Evreieti din
Romnia asupra lcaurilor de
cult, cimitirelor i altor bunuri
destinate activitilor Cultului
Mozaic;
restituirea imobilelor ce au
apartinut cultelor religioase;
Legea nr. 66/2004 privind
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
ENG
45
that used to belong to national
minority communities.
2. Institutional
evolution
national minorities have been
represent ed by t he t wo
parliamentary groups of the
UDMR in the Senate and
Chamber of Deputies and by
14 deputies representing
minorities;
Minorities as the counseling
organism of the Government
in taking the decisions
= 1993: t he admi ssi on of
Romania into the European
Council;
Minorities had gathered 15
members, and aft er t he
elections of 2000, it had
gathered 19 members;
Department for the Protection
of Nat i onal Mi nor i t i es
(DPMN) within the Romanian
2. Evoluie
instituional
= dup alegerile din 1992,
minoritile naionale au fost
reprezentate de cele dou
grupuri parlamentare ale
UDMR din Senat i Camera
Deputailor i de 14 deputai
reprezentnd organizaii ale
p e n t r u Mi n o r i t i l e
Nai onal e ca organi sm
consultativ al Guvernului n
luarea deciziilor referitoare
la protecia minoritilor
naionale;
= 1993: admiterea Romniei n
Consiliul Europei;
= - dup alegerile din 1996,
Gr upul Pa r l a me nt a r a l
Minoritilor a crescut la 15
membri, iar dup alegerile din
2000 la 19 membri;
= 1 9 9 7 : n f i i n a r e a
Depar t ament ul ui pent r u
Pr ot e c i a Mi nor i t i l or
Naionale (DPMN) n cadrul
Guvernului Romniei; numirea
unui ministru delegat pe lng
pr i mul mi ni s t r u pent r u
ENG
44
all forms of discrimination
(approved by Law 48/2002);
the forming of the National
Minorities Council;
Law no. 215/ 2001 regarding
the local public administration;
the prohibition of the activity of
fascist, racist of xenophobic
organizations and symbols, and
of promotion of the cult of
persons guilty of committing
crimes against peace and
humankind;
H.G. no. 223/2002 for the
the H.G. no. 1157/2001 for the
appr oval of t he Nor ms
regarding the display of
Romani an nat i onal fl ag,
performance of the national
anthem and use of Romanian
emblem seals;
the settlement of the property
r i g h t o f t h e J e w i s h
Communities Federation of
Romania on cult centers,
cemeteries and other goods
destined for the activities of the
Jewish Cult;
Law no. 501/2002 regarding
that used to belong to religious
cults;
Law no. 66/2004 concerning
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Legea 48/2002);
nf i i n area Consi l i ul ui
Minoritilor Naionale;
administraia publica locala;
i nt e r z i c e r e a a c t i vi t i i
organizaiilor i simbolurilor
cu caracter fascist, rasist sau
xenofob i a promovrii
cultului persoanelor vinovate
de svrirea unor infraciuni
contra pcii i omenirii;
aprobarea Normelor privind
a r b o r a r e a d r a p e l u l u i
Romniei, intonarea imnului
naional i folosirea sigiliilor
cu stema Romaniei;
O.U.G. nr. 36/2002, privind
reglementarea dreptului de
proprietate al Federaiei
Comunitilor Evreieti din
Romnia asupra lcaurilor de
cult, cimitirelor i altor bunuri
destinate activitilor Cultului
Mozaic;
apartinut cultelor religioase;
Legea nr. 66/2004 privind
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
ENG
47
DPMN as a structure within the
Mi n i s t r y o f P u b l i c
Information, with the name of
Department of Interethnic
Relations;
= - 2001: reorganization of the
Co u n c i l o f Na t i o n a l
Minorities, after having
included the department
specialized in the structure of
the Ministry of Public
Information
= 2002: forming of the National
Council for the Fight against
Discrimination, specialized
organism created based on the
Ordinance 137/2000 regarding
the prevention and fight
a g a i n s t a l l f o r ms o f
discrimination;
= 2003: reorganization of the
Relations, as a structure
without legal personality
subordinated to the Prime-
Minister and coordinated by
the General Secretariat of the
Government.
3. Policies and programs
for the promotion of
interethnic relations
= annual allotment, since 1994,
o f a b u d g e t f o r t h e
organi zati ons that are
members of the Council for
National Minorities in view
Naionale, dup includerea
departamentului specializat
n structura Ministerului
Informaiilor Publice
= 2002: infiintarea Consiliului
Di scr i mi nr i i , organi sm
specializat creat n baza
Ordonanei 137/ 2000 privind
prevenirea i combaterea
t u t u r o r f o r me l o r d e
discriminare;
= 2 0 0 3 : r e o r g a n i z a r e a
Interetnice, ca structur fr
p e r s o n a l i t a t e j u r i d i c
subordonat primului ministru
i aflat n coordonarea
Secretariatului General al
Guvernului.
3. Politici i programe de
interetnice
= alocarea n fiecare an, ncepnd
din 1994, a unui buget pentru
organizaiile membre ale
Consiliului pentru Minoriti
Naionale n vederea susinerii
ENG
46
Government; the appointment
of a deputy minister of the
Prime-Minister for national
minorities;
= institution of territorial offices
of the DPMN: Constana,
Suceava, Cl uj Napoca,
Drobeta Turnu Severin, Arad
(non-operational);
Minorities as an alliance of
the organizations of citizens
bel ongi ng t o nat i onal
minorities under the name of
Mi nori t i es, counsel i ng
organism of the DPMN;
= 1998: institution of the
Ombudsman, institution that
used to include a department
for issues of the national
minorities;
= 1998: transforming of the
Minorities Department within
the Ministry of National
Education in the general
direction, managed by a State
secretary;
= 1999: forming of the Inter-
Mi ni st er i al Counci l f or
National Minorities, as a
counseling organism of the
DPMN; the structure used to
include a sub-commission for
Roma people;
minoriti naionale;
= crearea birourilor teritoriale
al e DPMN: Cons t an a,
Suceava, Cluj Napoca, Drobeta
Tu r n u S e v e r i n , Ar a d
(neoperaional);
= 1 9 9 7 : r e o r g a n i z a r e a
Nai onal e ca al i an a
naionale sub denumirea de
Consi l i ul Mi nori t i l or
Na i o n a l e , o r g a n i s m
consultativ al DPMN;
= 1998: nfiinarea Avocatului
Poporului, instituie care
includea o direcie pentru
probleme ale minoritilor
naionale;
= 1998: transformarea Direciei
pentru Minoriti din cadrul
Mi ni s t e r ul ui Educ a i e i
Naionale n direcie general,
condus de un secretar de stat;
I nt e r mi ni s t e r i a l pe nt r u
Minoriti Naionale, ca
organi sm consul t at i v al
DPMN; structura includea o
subcomisie pentru romi;
= 2000: reorganizarea DPMN ca
structur n cadrul Ministerului
Informaiilor Publice, cu
denumirea de Departament
= 2 0 0 1 : r e o r g a n i z a r e a
ENG
47
DPMN as a structure within the
Mi n i s t r y o f P u b l i c
Information, with the name of
Department of Interethnic
Relations;
= - 2001: reorganization of the
Minorities, after having
included the department
specialized in the structure of
the Ministry of Public
Information
= 2002: forming of the National
Council for the Fight against
Discrimination, specialized
organism created based on the
Ordinance 137/2000 regarding
the prevention and fight
a g a i n s t a l l f o r ms o f
discrimination;
Relations, as a structure
without legal personality
subordinated to the Prime-
Minister and coordinated by
the General Secretariat of the
Government.
3. Policies and programs
for the promotion of
interethnic relations
= annual allotment, since 1994,
o f a b u d g e t f o r t h e
organi zati ons that are
members of the Council for
National Minorities in view
Naionale, dup includerea
departamentului specializat
n structura Ministerului
Informaiilor Publice
= 2002: infiintarea Consiliului
Di scr i mi nr i i , organi sm
specializat creat n baza
Ordonanei 137/ 2000 privind
prevenirea i combaterea
t u t u r o r f o r me l o r d e
discriminare;
= 2 0 0 3 : r e o r g a n i z a r e a
Interetnice, ca structur fr
p e r s o n a l i t a t e j u r i d i c
subordonat primului ministru
i aflat n coordonarea
Secretariatului General al
Guvernului.
3. Politici i programe de
interetnice
= alocarea n fiecare an, ncepnd
din 1994, a unui buget pentru
organizaiile membre ale
Naionale n vederea susinerii
ENG
46
Government; the appointment
of a deputy minister of the
Prime-Minister for national
minorities;
= institution of territorial offices
of the DPMN: Constana,
Suceava, Cl uj Napoca,
Drobeta Turnu Severin, Arad
(non-operational);
Minorities as an alliance of
the organizations of citizens
bel ongi ng t o nat i onal
minorities under the name of
Mi nori t i es, counsel i ng
organism of the DPMN;
= 1998: institution of the
Ombudsman, institution that
used to include a department
for issues of the national
minorities;
= 1998: transforming of the
Minorities Department within
the Ministry of National
Education in the general
direction, managed by a State
secretary;
= 1999: forming of the Inter-
Mi ni st er i al Counci l f or
National Minorities, as a
counseling organism of the
DPMN; the structure used to
include a sub-commission for
Roma people;
minoriti naionale;
= crearea birourilor teritoriale
al e DPMN: Cons t an a,
Suceava, Cluj Napoca, Drobeta
Tu r n u S e v e r i n , Ar a d
(neoperaional);
= 1 9 9 7 : r e o r g a n i z a r e a
Nai onal e ca al i an a
naionale sub denumirea de
Consi l i ul Mi nori t i l or
Na i o n a l e , o r g a n i s m
consultativ al DPMN;
= 1998: nfiinarea Avocatului
Poporului, instituie care
includea o direcie pentru
probleme ale minoritilor
naionale;
= 1998: transformarea Direciei
pentru Minoriti din cadrul
Mi ni s t e r ul ui Educ a i e i
Naionale n direcie general,
condus de un secretar de stat;
I nt e r mi ni s t e r i a l pe nt r u
Minoriti Naionale, ca
organi sm consul t at i v al
DPMN; structura includea o
subcomisie pentru romi;
= 2000: reorganizarea DPMN ca
structur n cadrul Ministerului
Informaiilor Publice, cu
denumirea de Departament
= 2 0 0 1 : r e o r g a n i z a r e a
ENG
49
Public Administration a series
of documents/lists;
= 1999 2003: support of
interethnic cultural events
relevant for the Romanian
cultural patrimony;
= 2002 2003: editing and
pri nt i ng of hi gh school
ma n u a l s i n ma t e r n a l
languages;
= starting with year 2001, the
DRI has contributed to the
negotiation of the chapter
about the adherence chapter
no. 13 - Social policies and of
e m p l o y m e n t o f t h e
workforce, the field in which
an important issue is the fight
against discrimination.
4. Cooperation with
international institutions
= assistance granted by the
OSCE, the High Commissar
for National Minorities, to
the first activities of the
Minorities;
= assistance granted to the
Executive Secretariat of the
Co u n c i l f o r Na t i o n a l
Minorities by the European
Council and European Union
within the Joint Program and
within the bilateral cooperation
interetnice relevante pentru
pat r i moni ul cul t ur al al
Romniei;
= 2002 2003: editarea i
tiprirea unor manuale de liceu
n limbi materne;
= ncepnd cu anul 2001, DRI i-
a a d u s c o n t r i b u i a l a
negocierea capitolului de
aderare nr. 13 - Politici sociale
i de ocupare a forei de
munca, domeniu n care un
punct important este lupta
impotriva discriminrii.
4. Cooperare cu instituii
internaionale
=asisten acordat de OSCE,
naltul Comisar pentru
Mi no r i t i Na i o na l e ,
pri mel or act i vi t i al e
Naionale;
=a s i s t e n a c o r d a t
Secretariatului Executiv al
Naionale de Consiliul Europei
i Uniunea European n cadrul
Joint Program i n cadrul
activitilor bilaterale de
ENG
48
of partially bearing their costs
in order to administer the
offices, the media and their
own activities;
= allotment, since 1995, of a
distinct budgetary line for
programs developed within the
European Campaign against
r ac i s m, ant i - Se mi t i s m,
xenophobia and intolerance;
= since 1999, allotment of a
the support of common
pr o g r a ms / i nt e r e t hni c
programs developed by the
department independently or in
par t ner s hi p wi t h ot her
institutions or with the civil
society;
= 2001: enact ment of t he
Governmental Strategy for the
improvement of the situation
of Roma people, through the
HG 430/2001;
= 1999 2003: organization of
special programs for Olympic
students in maternal languages
and for teachers working in the
minority network (Romanian
language, German language,
Romany language);
= after enacting the new Law
regarding the local public
administration, in 2001, the
DRI has s uppor t ed i t s
i m p l e m e n t a t i o n , b y
transmitting to the Ministry of
pariale a cheltuielilor acestora
pentru administrarea sediilor,
pres i activiti proprii;
= alocarea, din 1995, a unei linii
bugetare distincte pentru
programe desfurate n cadrul
Campaniei europene mpotriva
rasismului, antisemitismului,
xenofobiei i intoleranei;
= din 1999, alocarea unei linii
sprijinirea programelor
c o mune / pro g r a me l o r
interetnice desfurate de
departament independent sau
n parteneriat cu alte instituii
sau cu societatea civil;
= 2001: adoptarea Strategiei
guve r na me nt a l e pe nt r u
prin HG 430/ 2001;
= 1999 2003: organizarea unor
programe speciale pentru elevii
olimpici la limbile materne i
pentru cadre didactice care
predau n reeaua pentru
minoriti (lb. romn, lb.
german, lb. romani);
= dup adoptarea noii Legi
privind administraia public
local, n 2001, DRI a sprijinit
punerea acesteia in aplicare,
t ransmi nd Mi ni st erul ui
Administraiei Publice o serie
de documente/ liste;
= 1999 2003: susinerea unor
e v e n i me n t e c u l t u r a l e
ENG
49
Public Administration a series
of documents/lists;
= 1999 2003: support of
interethnic cultural events
relevant for the Romanian
cultural patrimony;
= 2002 2003: editing and
pri nt i ng of hi gh school
ma n u a l s i n ma t e r n a l
languages;
= starting with year 2001, the
DRI has contributed to the
negotiation of the chapter
about the adherence chapter
no. 13 - Social policies and of
e m p l o y m e n t o f t h e
workforce, the field in which
an important issue is the fight
against discrimination.
4. Cooperation with
international institutions
= assistance granted by the
OSCE, the High Commissar
for National Minorities, to
the first activities of the
Minorities;
Executive Secretariat of the
Co u n c i l f o r Na t i o n a l
Minorities by the European
Council and European Union
within the Joint Program and
within the bilateral cooperation
interetnice relevante pentru
pat r i moni ul cul t ur al al
Romniei;
= 2002 2003: editarea i
tiprirea unor manuale de liceu
n limbi materne;
= ncepnd cu anul 2001, DRI i-
a a d u s c o n t r i b u i a l a
negocierea capitolului de
aderare nr. 13 - Politici sociale
i de ocupare a forei de
munca, domeniu n care un
punct important este lupta
impotriva discriminrii.
4. Cooperare cu instituii
internaionale
=asisten acordat de OSCE,
naltul Comisar pentru
Mi no r i t i Na i o na l e ,
pri mel or act i vi t i al e
Naionale;
=a s i s t e n a c o r d a t
Secretariatului Executiv al
Naionale de Consiliul Europei
i Uniunea European n cadrul
Joint Program i n cadrul
activitilor bilaterale de
ENG
48
of partially bearing their costs
in order to administer the
offices, the media and their
own activities;
= allotment, since 1995, of a
programs developed within the
European Campaign against
r ac i s m, ant i - Se mi t i s m,
xenophobia and intolerance;
= since 1999, allotment of a
the support of common
pr o g r a ms / i nt e r e t hni c
programs developed by the
department independently or in
par t ner s hi p wi t h ot her
institutions or with the civil
society;
= 2001: enact ment of t he
Governmental Strategy for the
of Roma people, through the
HG 430/2001;
= 1999 2003: organization of
special programs for Olympic
students in maternal languages
and for teachers working in the
minority network (Romanian
language, German language,
Romany language);
= after enacting the new Law
regarding the local public
administration, in 2001, the
DRI has s uppor t ed i t s
i m p l e m e n t a t i o n , b y
transmitting to the Ministry of
pariale a cheltuielilor acestora
pentru administrarea sediilor,
pres i activiti proprii;
= alocarea, din 1995, a unei linii
programe desfurate n cadrul
Campaniei europene mpotriva
rasismului, antisemitismului,
xenofobiei i intoleranei;
= din 1999, alocarea unei linii
sprijinirea programelor
c o mune / pro g r a me l o r
interetnice desfurate de
departament independent sau
n parteneriat cu alte instituii
sau cu societatea civil;
= 2001: adoptarea Strategiei
guve r na me nt a l e pe nt r u
prin HG 430/ 2001;
= 1999 2003: organizarea unor
programe speciale pentru elevii
olimpici la limbile materne i
pentru cadre didactice care
predau n reeaua pentru
minoriti (lb. romn, lb.
german, lb. romani);
= dup adoptarea noii Legi
privind administraia public
local, n 2001, DRI a sprijinit
punerea acesteia in aplicare,
t ransmi nd Mi ni st erul ui
Administraiei Publice o serie
de documente/ liste;
= 1999 2003: susinerea unor
e v e n i me n t e c u l t u r a l e
ENG
51
= 2001 2002: participation in the
c a mp a i g n c a l l e d Li n k
Diversity, developed by the
European Council within the
Stability Pact;
= 2002: collaboration of the
German Foundation Hanns
Seidel with the subsidiary in
Romania in view of preparing
the ratification of the European
Charta of Languages;
= 2002: promotion of the second
Phare program for the Roma
p e o p l e , b a s e d o n t h e
devel opment of cer t ai n
elements in the governmental
strategy for the improvement
of the situation of the Roma
people;
= 2002: performance of the steps
for t he part i ci pat i on of
Romania in the Community
Program of action against
discrimination (2001 2006),
managed by the European
Commission;
= 2002: organization in Sinaia, in
October, with the support of the
European Council, of a
seminar of dissemination of the
results of the first cycle of
monitoring of the module in
which Romania respects the
Frame Convention for the
pr ot e c t i on of na t i ona l
minorities; following the
a n a l y s i s o f t h e
Europei n cadrul Pactului de
Stabilitate;
=2002: colaborare cu filiala din
Romnia a Fundaiei Hanns
Seidel din Germania pentru
pregtirea ratificrii Cartei
europene a limbilor;
=2002: promovarea celui de-al
doilea program Phare pentru
romi, axat pe dezvoltarea unor
p u n c t e d i n S t r a t e g i a
guve r na me nt a l pe nt r u
mbuntirea situaiei romilor;
=2002: efectuarea demersurilor
pentru participarea Romniei la
Programul comunitar de
aciune pentru combaterea
discriminrii (2001 2006),
g e s t i o n a t d e Co mi s i a
European;
=2002: organizarea la Sinaia, n
luna octombrie, cu sprijinul
Consiliului Europei, a unui
seminar de diseminare a
rezultatelor primului ciclu de
monitorizare a modului n care
Romnia respect Convenia
c a dr u pe nt r u pr ot e c i a
minoritilor naionale; n
urma analizrii recoman-
d r i l o r f o r mul a t e de
Consiliul Europei, CMN a
adoptat un plan de aciune
pn la al doilea ciclu de
monitorizare (2004); cu
acelai prilej, la solicitarea
DRI, Consiliul Europei a
ENG
50
activities;
DPMN by the Foundation for
Inter Ethnic Relations near the
High Commissary OSCE for
Minorities;
= 1998: promotion of the first
Phare program f or t he
improvement of the situation of
Roma people of Romania, with
two components: elaboration
of a new governmental strategy
to support the Roma people
and to use a partnership fund
for pilot-projects of the Roma
p e o p l e o r g a n i z a t i o n s ,
amounting to 900 000 Euro;
= 1999: cooperation of the
DPMN with the European
Council within the Joint
Program;
= 2001 2003: cooperation with
the European Council within
the bilateral activities on
several subjects: preparation of
the ratification of the Charta of
languages, the results of the
first monitoring of the module
in which Romania observes the
Frame Convention, anti-
discrimination in the area of
the Stability Pact;
= 2001: participation in the
campaign called the European
Year of Languages, developed
by the European Council and
the European Union;
cooperare;
=asisten acordat DPMN de
Foundation for Inter Ethnic
Relations de pe lng naltul
Co mi s a r OSCE p e n t r u
Minoriti;
=1998: promovarea primului
progr am Phare pe nt r u
mbuntirea situaiei romilor
di n Romni a, cu dou
componente: elaborarea unei
strategii guvernamentale n
sprijinul romilor i utilizarea
unui fond de parteneriat pentru
proiecte pilot ale organizaiilor
romilor, n valoare de 900 000
Euro;
=1999: cooperare a DPMN cu
Consiliul Europei n cadrul
Joint Program;
=2001 2003: cooperare cu
activitilor bilaterale pe mai
mul t e t eme: pr egt i r ea
ratificrii Cartei limbilor,
rezultatele primei monitorizri
a modului n care Romnia
respect Convenia cadru,
antidiscriminare n zona
Pactului de Stabilitate;
=2001: participare la campania
Anul European al Limbilor,
desfurat de Consi l i ul
Europei i Uniunea European;
=2001 2002: participare la
Campania Link Diversity,
ENG
51
= 2001 2002: participation in the
c a mp a i g n c a l l e d Li n k
Diversity, developed by the
European Council within the
Stability Pact;
= 2002: collaboration of the
German Foundation Hanns
Seidel with the subsidiary in
Romania in view of preparing
the ratification of the European
Charta of Languages;
= 2002: promotion of the second
Phare program for the Roma
p e o p l e , b a s e d o n t h e
devel opment of cer t ai n
elements in the governmental
strategy for the improvement
of the situation of the Roma
people;
= 2002: performance of the steps
for t he part i ci pat i on of
Romania in the Community
Program of action against
discrimination (2001 2006),
managed by the European
Commission;
= 2002: organization in Sinaia, in
October, with the support of the
European Council, of a
seminar of dissemination of the
results of the first cycle of
monitoring of the module in
which Romania respects the
Frame Convention for the
pr ot e c t i on of na t i ona l
minorities; following the
a n a l y s i s o f t h e
Europei n cadrul Pactului de
Stabilitate;
=2002: colaborare cu filiala din
Romnia a Fundaiei Hanns
Seidel din Germania pentru
pregtirea ratificrii Cartei
europene a limbilor;
=2002: promovarea celui de-al
doilea program Phare pentru
romi, axat pe dezvoltarea unor
p u n c t e d i n S t r a t e g i a
guve r na me nt a l pe nt r u
mbuntirea situaiei romilor;
=2002: efectuarea demersurilor
pentru participarea Romniei la
Programul comunitar de
discriminrii (2001 2006),
g e s t i o n a t d e Co mi s i a
European;
=2002: organizarea la Sinaia, n
luna octombrie, cu sprijinul
Consiliului Europei, a unui
seminar de diseminare a
rezultatelor primului ciclu de
monitorizare a modului n care
Romnia respect Convenia
c a dr u pe nt r u pr ot e c i a
minoritilor naionale; n
urma analizrii recoman-
d r i l o r f o r mul a t e de
Consiliul Europei, CMN a
adoptat un plan de aciune
pn la al doilea ciclu de
monitorizare (2004); cu
acelai prilej, la solicitarea
DRI, Consiliul Europei a
ENG
50
activities;
DPMN by the Foundation for
Inter Ethnic Relations near the
High Commissary OSCE for
Minorities;
= 1998: promotion of the first
Phare program f or t he
improvement of the situation of
Roma people of Romania, with
two components: elaboration
of a new governmental strategy
to support the Roma people
and to use a partnership fund
for pilot-projects of the Roma
p e o p l e o r g a n i z a t i o n s ,
amounting to 900 000 Euro;
= 1999: cooperation of the
DPMN with the European
Council within the Joint
Program;
= 2001 2003: cooperation with
the European Council within
the bilateral activities on
several subjects: preparation of
the ratification of the Charta of
languages, the results of the
first monitoring of the module
in which Romania observes the
Frame Convention, anti-
discrimination in the area of
the Stability Pact;
= 2001: participation in the
campaign called the European
Year of Languages, developed
by the European Council and
the European Union;
cooperare;
=asisten acordat DPMN de
Foundation for Inter Ethnic
Relations de pe lng naltul
Co mi s a r OSCE p e n t r u
Minoriti;
=1998: promovarea primului
progr am Phare pe nt r u
mbuntirea situaiei romilor
di n Romni a, cu dou
componente: elaborarea unei
strategii guvernamentale n
sprijinul romilor i utilizarea
unui fond de parteneriat pentru
proiecte pilot ale organizaiilor
romilor, n valoare de 900 000
Euro;
=1999: cooperare a DPMN cu
Joint Program;
=2001 2003: cooperare cu
activitilor bilaterale pe mai
mul t e t eme: pr egt i r ea
ratificrii Cartei limbilor,
rezultatele primei monitorizri
a modului n care Romnia
respect Convenia cadru,
antidiscriminare n zona
Pactului de Stabilitate;
=2001: participare la campania
Anul European al Limbilor,
Europei i Uniunea European;
=2001 2002: participare la
Campania Link Diversity,
ENG
53
m i n o r i t y l a n g u a g e s
(September Strasbourg);
= 2003: visit in Romania of a
group of international experts,
with the support of the
European Council, in order to
participate in a meeting of the
representatives of minorities
and ministries on the subject of
the ratification and subsequent
i mpl e me nt a t i on of t he
European Charta of regional or
minority languages;
= 2 0 0 4 : b e g i n n i n g o f
discussions on the subject of
the elaboration of a law of the
national minorities with the
support of European experts
(CoE, ECMI); the European
Council accepted to grant
specialty assistance to the
Romanian country the moment
when a updated law project of
minorities is outlined;
= starting from year 2002, the
Bureau for Roma people
problems within the DRI
i mpl ement s t he PHARE
2002/000-586.01.02 program -
Support for the national
strategy for improvement of
the Roma people situation,
amounting to 6 MEURO; the
program has a 1.2 MEURO
component, that consists of the
c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f t h e
institutional capacity of the
a limbilor regionale sau
minoritare;
= 2004: nceperea discuiilor pe
tema elaborrii unei legi a
minoritilor naionale cu
sprijinul unor experi europeni
(CoE, ECMI); Consi l i ul
Europei a acceptat s acorde
asi st en de speci al i t at e
Romniei n momentul n care
va fi schiat un proiect actual de
lege a minoritilor;
= Oficiul pentru Problemele
Romilor din cadrul DRI
implementeaza incepnd din
2002 programul PHARE
2002/000-586.01.02 Sprijin
pentru strategia nationala de
mbunt i re a si t ua i ei
romilor, n valoare de 6
MEURO; programul are o
component de 1,2 MEURO,
care const n nt ri rea
capacitii instituionale a
structurii de implementare a
Strategiei, precum i o
component de investiii, n
valoare de 4,8 MEURO;
= n 2003, prin legea bugetului de
stat, a fost prevazuta suma de
56,6 miliarde lei cu titlul de
contribuie a Guvernului la
ajutoarele acordate de Uniunea
Europeana, gestionat sub
f o r ma u n u i p r o g r a m
guver nament al denumi t
Parteneriat pentru sprijinul
ENG
52
r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s
formulated by the European
Council, the NMC adopted
an action plan until the
second monitoring cycle
(2004); on the same occasion,
upon the request of the DRI,
the European Council assured
the translation of the Opinion
and of t he Res ol ut i on
concerning Romania in several
languages of the national
minorities, including the
Romany language;
= 2003: development of the first
project in Romania within the
Community Program of action
against discrimination (May,
Bucharest), in collaboration
with the Department for Work
and Social Affairs of the
European Commission;
= 2003: development of the
seminar Minorities and mass
media in two consecutive
modules (June - Mangalia and
Timioara), in collaboration
with the European Council,
General Direction of the
Human Rights;
= 2003: visit of a group of
Romanian experts to the
Eu r o p e a n Co u n c i l f o r
assistance in view of the
finalization of the law project
for the ratification of the
asigurat traducerea Opiniei i a
Rezoluiei privind Romnia n
ma i mu l t e l i mb i a l e
mi nor i t i l or na i onal e,
inclusiv n limba romani;
=2003: desfurarea primului
proiect n Romnia n cadrul
Programului comunitar de
discriminrii (mai, Bucureti),
n colaborare cu Direcia
Munc i Afaceri Sociale a
Comisiei Europene;
=2003: desfurarea seminarului
Minoritile i mass media n
dou module succesive (iunie -
Mangalia i Timioara), n
cooper ar e cu Cons i l i ul
Europei, Direcia General a
Drepturilor Omului;
=2003: deplasarea unui grup de
experi romni la sediul
Consiliului Europei pentru
a s i s t e n n v e d e r e a
definitivrii proiectului de lege
pent ru rat i fi carea Cart ei
sau minoritare (septembrie
Strasbourg);
=2003: vizita n Romnia a unui
grup de experi internaionali,
cu spr i j i nul Consi l i ul ui
Europei, pentru a participa la o
ntlnire cu reprezentanii
minoritilor i ai ministerelor
pe tema ratificrii i ulterioarei
implementri a Cartei europene
ENG
53
m i n o r i t y l a n g u a g e s
(September Strasbourg);
= 2003: visit in Romania of a
group of international experts,
with the support of the
European Council, in order to
participate in a meeting of the
representatives of minorities
and ministries on the subject of
the ratification and subsequent
minority languages;
= 2 0 0 4 : b e g i n n i n g o f
discussions on the subject of
the elaboration of a law of the
national minorities with the
support of European experts
(CoE, ECMI); the European
Council accepted to grant
specialty assistance to the
Romanian country the moment
when a updated law project of
minorities is outlined;
= starting from year 2002, the
Bureau for Roma people
problems within the DRI
i mpl ement s t he PHARE
2002/000-586.01.02 program -
Support for the national
strategy for improvement of
the Roma people situation,
amounting to 6 MEURO; the
program has a 1.2 MEURO
component, that consists of the
c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f t h e
institutional capacity of the
a limbilor regionale sau
minoritare;
= 2004: nceperea discuiilor pe
tema elaborrii unei legi a
minoritilor naionale cu
sprijinul unor experi europeni
(CoE, ECMI); Consi l i ul
Europei a acceptat s acorde
asi st en de speci al i t at e
Romniei n momentul n care
va fi schiat un proiect actual de
lege a minoritilor;
Romilor din cadrul DRI
implementeaza incepnd din
2002 programul PHARE
2002/000-586.01.02 Sprijin
pentru strategia nationala de
mbunt i re a si t ua i ei
romilor, n valoare de 6
MEURO; programul are o
component de 1,2 MEURO,
care const n nt ri rea
capacitii instituionale a
structurii de implementare a
Strategiei, precum i o
component de investiii, n
valoare de 4,8 MEURO;
= n 2003, prin legea bugetului de
stat, a fost prevazuta suma de
56,6 miliarde lei cu titlul de
contribuie a Guvernului la
ajutoarele acordate de Uniunea
Europeana, gestionat sub
f o r ma u n u i p r o g r a m
guver nament al denumi t
Parteneriat pentru sprijinul
ENG
52
r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s
formulated by the European
Council, the NMC adopted
an action plan until the
second monitoring cycle
(2004); on the same occasion,
upon the request of the DRI,
the European Council assured
the translation of the Opinion
and of t he Res ol ut i on
concerning Romania in several
languages of the national
minorities, including the
Romany language;
= 2003: development of the first
project in Romania within the
Community Program of action
against discrimination (May,
Bucharest), in collaboration
with the Department for Work
and Social Affairs of the
European Commission;
= 2003: development of the
seminar Minorities and mass
media in two consecutive
modules (June - Mangalia and
Timioara), in collaboration
with the European Council,
General Direction of the
Human Rights;
= 2003: visit of a group of
Romanian experts to the
Eu r o p e a n Co u n c i l f o r
assistance in view of the
finalization of the law project
for the ratification of the
asigurat traducerea Opiniei i a
Rezoluiei privind Romnia n
ma i mu l t e l i mb i a l e
mi nor i t i l or na i onal e,
inclusiv n limba romani;
=2003: desfurarea primului
proiect n Romnia n cadrul
Programului comunitar de
discriminrii (mai, Bucureti),
n colaborare cu Direcia
Munc i Afaceri Sociale a
Comisiei Europene;
=2003: desfurarea seminarului
Minoritile i mass media n
dou module succesive (iunie -
Mangalia i Timioara), n
cooper ar e cu Cons i l i ul
Europei, Direcia General a
Drepturilor Omului;
=2003: deplasarea unui grup de
experi romni la sediul
Consiliului Europei pentru
a s i s t e n n v e d e r e a
definitivrii proiectului de lege
pent ru rat i fi carea Cart ei
sau minoritare (septembrie
Strasbourg);
=2003: vizita n Romnia a unui
grup de experi internaionali,
cu spr i j i nul Consi l i ul ui
Europei, pentru a participa la o
ntlnire cu reprezentanii
minoritilor i ai ministerelor
pe tema ratificrii i ulterioarei
implementri a Cartei europene
ENG
55
governmental organization, a
program integrated for the
Zabrauti area, district V,
Bucharest. The project shall
b e f i n a n c e d b y t h e
Development Bank of the
European Council and it is now
in the stage of pre-feasibility
analysis;
= The Bureau for Roma people
problems is working for the
establishment of a partnership
with the PNUD for the
development of the activity of
i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d
monitoring of the Strategy of
people situation during the
course of year 2004;
= The Department for Interethnic
Relations also participates in
the Decade of inclusion of the
Roma people 2005-2015, a
new initiative of the World
Bank, which is now in the stage
of planning and elaboration of
the sectorial action plans,
stressing upon the Roma
population in distress.
anului 2004;
= Departamentul pentru Relatii
Interetnice particip i la
Decada de incluziune a
Romilor 2005-2015, o noua
initiaiv a Bncii Mondiale,
aflat n aceast perioad n
faza de planificare i elaborare
a pl anur i l or de ac i une
sectorial, cu accent pe
populaia de romi aflat n
dificultate.
ENG
54
structure of implementation of
the Strategy, as well as a 4.8
ME U R O i n v e s t m e n t
component;
= In 2003, through the State
budget law, the amount of ROL
56.6 billions was set as
c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h e
Government to the support
granted by the European
Union, administered under the
form of a governmental
program called Partnership
for the support of the Roma
people - 2003. The program
targets the public authorities
developing and promoting
actions for the improvement of
the situation of the Roma
people, based on projects;
= In 2004, the OPR has ROL 64
billions from the budget,
a mount me a nt f or t he
Strategy; the amounts are
administered under the form of
a governmental program called
Year 2004 year of the local
col l ect i vi t i es l ocal e of
Romania and targets to the
public authorities developing
and promoting actions for the
of the Roma people, based on
projects;
pr obl e ms i ni t i a t e d, i n
partnership with a non-
romilor - 2003. Programul s-a
adresat autoritilor publice
care desfasoara si promoveaza
a c t i u n i i n d o me n i u l
imbunatatirii situatiei romilor,
pe baza de proiecte;
= n 2004, OPR dispune de suma
de 64 miliarde lei de la buget,
sum destinat implementrii
St r at egi ei ; sumel e sunt
gestionate sub forma unui
pr ogr am guver nament al ,
denumit Anul 2004 - anul
colectivitilor locale din
Romnia i se adreseaz
autoritatilor publice, care
desfoar i promoveaz
a c i u n i n d o me n i u l
mbuntirii situaiei romilor,
pe baz de proiecte;
Romilor a iniiat, n parteneriat
c u o or ga ni z a i e non-
guvernamental, un program
integrat pentru zona Zbrui,
sectorul V, Bucuresti. Proiectul
va fi finanat de Banca de
Dezvoltare a Consiliului
Europei i se afl n aceast
perioad n faza studiului de
prefezabilitate;
= Oficiul Pentru Problemele
Romilor lucreaz la realizarea
unui parteneriat cu PNUD
pentru derularea activitii de
implementare i monitorizare a
Strategiei de mbuntire a
situaiei romilor n cursul
ENG
55
governmental organization, a
program integrated for the
Zabrauti area, district V,
Bucharest. The project shall
b e f i n a n c e d b y t h e
Development Bank of the
European Council and it is now
in the stage of pre-feasibility
analysis;
problems is working for the
establishment of a partnership
with the PNUD for the
development of the activity of
i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d
monitoring of the Strategy of
people situation during the
course of year 2004;
= The Department for Interethnic
Relations also participates in
the Decade of inclusion of the
Roma people 2005-2015, a
new initiative of the World
Bank, which is now in the stage
of planning and elaboration of
the sectorial action plans,
stressing upon the Roma
population in distress.
anului 2004;
= Departamentul pentru Relatii
Interetnice particip i la
Decada de incluziune a
Romilor 2005-2015, o noua
initiaiv a Bncii Mondiale,
aflat n aceast perioad n
faza de planificare i elaborare
a pl anur i l or de ac i une
sectorial, cu accent pe
populaia de romi aflat n
dificultate.
ENG
54
structure of implementation of
the Strategy, as well as a 4.8
ME U R O i n v e s t m e n t
component;
= In 2003, through the State
budget law, the amount of ROL
56.6 billions was set as
c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h e
Government to the support
granted by the European
Union, administered under the
form of a governmental
program called Partnership
for the support of the Roma
people - 2003. The program
targets the public authorities
developing and promoting
actions for the improvement of
the situation of the Roma
people, based on projects;
= In 2004, the OPR has ROL 64
billions from the budget,
a mount me a nt f or t he
Strategy; the amounts are
administered under the form of
a governmental program called
Year 2004 year of the local
col l ect i vi t i es l ocal e of
Romania and targets to the
public authorities developing
and promoting actions for the
of the Roma people, based on
projects;
pr obl e ms i ni t i a t e d, i n
partnership with a non-
romilor - 2003. Programul s-a
adresat autoritilor publice
care desfasoara si promoveaza
a c t i u n i i n d o me n i u l
imbunatatirii situatiei romilor,
pe baza de proiecte;
= n 2004, OPR dispune de suma
de 64 miliarde lei de la buget,
sum destinat implementrii
St r at egi ei ; sumel e sunt
gestionate sub forma unui
pr ogr am guver nament al ,
denumit Anul 2004 - anul
colectivitilor locale din
Romnia i se adreseaz
autoritatilor publice, care
desfoar i promoveaz
a c i u n i n d o me n i u l
mbuntirii situaiei romilor,
pe baz de proiecte;
Romilor a iniiat, n parteneriat
c u o or ga ni z a i e non-
guvernamental, un program
integrat pentru zona Zbrui,
sectorul V, Bucuresti. Proiectul
va fi finanat de Banca de
Dezvoltare a Consiliului
Europei i se afl n aceast
perioad n faza studiului de
prefezabilitate;
= Oficiul Pentru Problemele
Romilor lucreaz la realizarea
unui parteneriat cu PNUD
pentru derularea activitii de
implementare i monitorizare a
Strategiei de mbuntire a
situaiei romilor n cursul
ENG
57
OMBUDSMAN
INSTITUTION
Anton Petrisor PARLAGI
Manager
1. The ombudsman and
human rights. Recent
activities
The review of the Constitution
a i me d a t p e r f e c t i n g t h e
constitutional democracy by
recognizing and guaranteeing of
rights and liberties of natural
persons.
A c c o r d i n g t o t h e n e w
constitutional provisions:
- The a ppoi nt i ng of t he
Ombudsman will be made in the
joint meeting of the Chamber of
Deputies and the Senate;
- The Ombudsman will have the
support of deputies specialized by
fields of activity, which shall lead
to increased efficiency of the
activity of the institution, in the
same time creating an accord with
the legislation of other states where
ombudsmen function.
- The Ombudsman has the right to
notify the Constitutional Court,
within the constitutional control on
laws, before each promulgation.
Starting with 2003, the
INSTITUIA AVOCATUL
POPORULUI
Anton Petrior PARLAGI
Director
1. Avocatul Poporului i
drepturile omului.
Activiti recente
Revizuirea Constituiei a avut
ca scop perfecionarea democraiei
constituionale prin recunoaterea
i garantarea drepturilor i
libertilor persoanelor fizice.
Pot r i vi t noi l or pr eveder i
constituionale:
- numirea Avocatului Poporului se
va face n edina comun a
Camerei Deputailor i Senatului;
- Avocatul Poporului va fi sprijinit
de adjunci specializai pe domenii
de activitate, ceea ce va conduce la
o eficien sporit a activitii
instituiei, realizndu-se totodat o
concordan cu legislaia altor state
n c a r e f u n c i o n e a z
ombudsman-i.
- Avocatului Poporului i este
recunoscut dreptul de a sesiza
Curtea Constituional, n cadrul
controlului de constituionalitate
a s u p r a l e g i l o r , n a i n t e a
promulgrii acestora.
ncepnd din anul 2003,
ENG
56
Conclusion
Lest the abundance of the data
presented herein create the
confusion of an idealistic image,
we must underline the fact that
there are still many issues to be
solved in this area. It is firstly
necessary to enact a law to end all
theoretic discussion with regard to
national minorities as a specific
entity, respectively with regard to
the statute of the national minority
organizations. Nevertheless, we
are sure of the fact that the
accomplishments made these years
shall also bring results in the future,
and that the process to a modern
system of interethnic relations has
become irreversible.
ncheiere
nainte ca abundena datelor
prezentate s creeze confuzia unei
imagini idealistice, trebuie s
subliniem faptul c mai sunt multe
de rezolvat n acest domeniu. n
pri mul rnd est e necesar
adoptarea unei legi privind
minoritile naionale, care s pun
capt discuiilor teoretice privind
minoritile naionale ca entitate
specific, respectiv privind statutul
organi za i i l or mi nori t i l or
naionale. Suntem convini ns c
realizrile acestor ani vor da roade
i n viitor, iar procesul ctre un
sistem modern de relaii interetnice
a devenit ireversibil.
ENG
57
OMBUDSMAN
INSTITUTION
Anton Petrisor PARLAGI
Manager
1. The ombudsman and
human rights. Recent
activities
The review of the Constitution
a i me d a t p e r f e c t i n g t h e
constitutional democracy by
recognizing and guaranteeing of
rights and liberties of natural
persons.
A c c o r d i n g t o t h e n e w
constitutional provisions:
- The a ppoi nt i ng of t he
Ombudsman will be made in the
joint meeting of the Chamber of
Deputies and the Senate;
- The Ombudsman will have the
support of deputies specialized by
fields of activity, which shall lead
to increased efficiency of the
activity of the institution, in the
same time creating an accord with
the legislation of other states where
ombudsmen function.
- The Ombudsman has the right to
notify the Constitutional Court,
within the constitutional control on
laws, before each promulgation.
INSTITUIA AVOCATUL
POPORULUI
Anton Petrior PARLAGI
Director
1. Avocatul Poporului i
drepturile omului.
Activiti recente
Revizuirea Constituiei a avut
ca scop perfecionarea democraiei
constituionale prin recunoaterea
i garantarea drepturilor i
libertilor persoanelor fizice.
Pot r i vi t noi l or pr eveder i
constituionale:
- numirea Avocatului Poporului se
va face n edina comun a
Camerei Deputailor i Senatului;
- Avocatul Poporului va fi sprijinit
de adjunci specializai pe domenii
de activitate, ceea ce va conduce la
o eficien sporit a activitii
instituiei, realizndu-se totodat o
concordan cu legislaia altor state
n c a r e f u n c i o n e a z
ombudsman-i.
- Avocatului Poporului i este
recunoscut dreptul de a sesiza
Curtea Constituional, n cadrul
controlului de constituionalitate
a s u p r a l e g i l o r , n a i n t e a
promulgrii acestora.
ncepnd din anul 2003,
ENG
56
Conclusion
Lest the abundance of the data
presented herein create the
confusion of an idealistic image,
we must underline the fact that
there are still many issues to be
solved in this area. It is firstly
necessary to enact a law to end all
theoretic discussion with regard to
national minorities as a specific
entity, respectively with regard to
the statute of the national minority
organizations. Nevertheless, we
are sure of the fact that the
accomplishments made these years
shall also bring results in the future,
and that the process to a modern
system of interethnic relations has
become irreversible.
ncheiere
nainte ca abundena datelor
prezentate s creeze confuzia unei
imagini idealistice, trebuie s
subliniem faptul c mai sunt multe
de rezolvat n acest domeniu. n
pri mul rnd est e necesar
adoptarea unei legi privind
minoritile naionale, care s pun
capt discuiilor teoretice privind
minoritile naionale ca entitate
specific, respectiv privind statutul
organi za i i l or mi nori t i l or
naionale. Suntem convini ns c
realizrile acestor ani vor da roade
i n viitor, iar procesul ctre un
sistem modern de relaii interetnice
a devenit ireversibil.
ENG
59
Salaj (20), Bistrita? Nasaud (22),
Satu-Mare (37).
25 petitions were filed from
abroad.
The activity during
audiences
During 2003, 3866 audiences
were granted, of which 571
petitions were retained.
Activity at the calling
center
At the calling center of the central
headquarters and of the territorial
offices, the citizens addressed by
phone, counting 2025 phone alls,
of which 14 petitions were
retained.
Analysis of the infringed civil
rights and liberties showed that
most of the petition regarded:
the right of private property
(1361),
the right for a decent living
(1096),
the right for labour and social
labour protection (549),
the right for information (476),
the right of the person
prejudiced by a public authority;
(438),
the right to fair trial (330),
Ialomia (8); Harghita (13), Slaj
(20) Bistria Nsud (22), Satu-
Mare (37).
Un numr de 25 petiii au fost
primite din strintate.
Activitatea desfurat n
timpul audienelor
n cursul anului 2003 au fost
acordate 3866 audiene, din care au
fost reinute 571 petiii.
cadrul dispeceratului
La dispeceratul sediului central
i al birourilor teritoriale ale
instituiei Avocatul Poporului,
cetenii s-au adresat telefonic,
nregistrndu-se 2025 apeluri
telefonice, din care au fost reinute
14 petiii.
Anal i za drept uri l or i
libertilor ceteneti nclcate
a demonstrat c cel mai mare
numr de petiii se refer la:
dreptul de proprietate privat
(1361),
dreptul la un nivel de trai
decent (1096),
dreptul la munc i la protecia
social a muncii (549),
dreptul la informaie (476),
dreptul persoanei vtmate de o
autoritate public (438),
ENG
58
institution of the Ombudsman
benefits of its own headquarters,
accesible to person that require
support to defend legal rights or
interests.
In 2003, to the end of
facilitating citizens' access in the
institution, two territorial offices
were open, one in Alba-Iulia and
the other in Bacau. In the future,
other territorial offices are planned
to be open, to be placed within
territorial range of jurisdictional
competence of appeal courts.
The activity of solving
petitions
In 2003, at the Ombudsman
instution 5400 petitions were filed,
regarding breaking of civil rights
and liberties, addressed by natural
persons from inside the country or
abroad.
Most petitions come from
Bucharest (1422). A high number
of petitions were filed from the
counties of Prahova (653), Bacau
(234), Brasov (175), Dolj (172).
Among the counties with a reduced
number of petitions are: Covasna
(7), Ialomita (8); Harghita (13),
instituia Avocatul Poporului
beneficiaz de un sediu propriu,
accesibil persoanelor care solicit
s pr i j i nul pe nt r u a p r a r e a
dr ept ur i l or sau i nt er esel or
legitime.
n anul 2003, n scopul facilitrii
accesului cetenilor la instituia
Avocatul Poporului, au fost
nfiinate dou birouri teritoriale,
unul n municipiul Alba-Iulia i
altul n municipiul Bacu. n viitor,
se preconizeaz deschiderea altor
birouri teritoriale, care urmeaz a fi
situate n raza teritorial de
competena jurisdicional a
curilor de apel.
Activitatea de soluionare a
petiiilor
n anul 2003, la instituia
Avocatul Poporului au fost
nregistrate 5400 petiii referitoare
la nclcarea unor drepturi i
liberti ceteneti, adresate de
persoane fizice din ar i din
strintate.
Majoritatea petiiilor provin
din municipiul Bucureti (1422).
Un numr ridicat de petiii s-a
mai primit din judeele Prahova
(653), Bacu (234), Braov (175),
Dolj (172). Printre judeele care au
nregistrat un numr redus de
petiii figureaz: Covasna (7),
ENG
59
Salaj (20), Bistrita? Nasaud (22),
Satu-Mare (37).
25 petitions were filed from
abroad.
The activity during
audiences
During 2003, 3866 audiences
were granted, of which 571
petitions were retained.
Activity at the calling
center
At the calling center of the central
headquarters and of the territorial
offices, the citizens addressed by
phone, counting 2025 phone alls,
of which 14 petitions were
retained.
Analysis of the infringed civil
rights and liberties showed that
most of the petition regarded:
the right of private property
(1361),
the right for a decent living
(1096),
the right for labour and social
labour protection (549),
the right for information (476),
the right of the person
prejudiced by a public authority;
(438),
the right to fair trial (330),
Ialomia (8); Harghita (13), Slaj
(20) Bistria Nsud (22), Satu-
Mare (37).
Un numr de 25 petiii au fost
primite din strintate.
timpul audienelor
acordate 3866 audiene, din care au
fost reinute 571 petiii.
cadrul dispeceratului
La dispeceratul sediului central
i al birourilor teritoriale ale
instituiei Avocatul Poporului,
cetenii s-au adresat telefonic,
nregistrndu-se 2025 apeluri
telefonice, din care au fost reinute
14 petiii.
Anal i za drept uri l or i
libertilor ceteneti nclcate
a demonstrat c cel mai mare
numr de petiii se refer la:
dreptul de proprietate privat
(1361),
dreptul la un nivel de trai
decent (1096),
dreptul la munc i la protecia
social a muncii (549),
dreptul la informaie (476),
dreptul persoanei vtmate de o
autoritate public (438),
ENG
58
institution of the Ombudsman
benefits of its own headquarters,
accesible to person that require
support to defend legal rights or
interests.
In 2003, to the end of
facilitating citizens' access in the
institution, two territorial offices
were open, one in Alba-Iulia and
the other in Bacau. In the future,
other territorial offices are planned
to be open, to be placed within
territorial range of jurisdictional
competence of appeal courts.
The activity of solving
petitions
In 2003, at the Ombudsman
instution 5400 petitions were filed,
regarding breaking of civil rights
and liberties, addressed by natural
persons from inside the country or
abroad.
Most petitions come from
Bucharest (1422). A high number
of petitions were filed from the
counties of Prahova (653), Bacau
(234), Brasov (175), Dolj (172).
Among the counties with a reduced
number of petitions are: Covasna
(7), Ialomita (8); Harghita (13),
instituia Avocatul Poporului
beneficiaz de un sediu propriu,
accesibil persoanelor care solicit
s pr i j i nul pe nt r u a p r a r e a
dr ept ur i l or sau i nt er esel or
legitime.
n anul 2003, n scopul facilitrii
accesului cetenilor la instituia
Avocatul Poporului, au fost
nfiinate dou birouri teritoriale,
unul n municipiul Alba-Iulia i
altul n municipiul Bacu. n viitor,
se preconizeaz deschiderea altor
birouri teritoriale, care urmeaz a fi
situate n raza teritorial de
competena jurisdicional a
curilor de apel.
Activitatea de soluionare a
petiiilor
n anul 2003, la instituia
Avocatul Poporului au fost
nregistrate 5400 petiii referitoare
la nclcarea unor drepturi i
liberti ceteneti, adresate de
persoane fizice din ar i din
strintate.
Majoritatea petiiilor provin
din municipiul Bucureti (1422).
Un numr ridicat de petiii s-a
mai primit din judeele Prahova
(653), Bacu (234), Braov (175),
Dolj (172). Printre judeele care au
nregistrat un numr redus de
petiii figureaz: Covasna (7),
ENG
61
that signaled infringement
upon the right to equal
citizens rights, with no
privileges or discrimination,
by public administration
clerks;
checking the way in
which pensions due to natural
persons are established and
paid;
checking the way in
which rights stipulated by the
Decree-Law no.118/ 1990
regarding granting of rights to
persons persecuted for
political reasons by the
dictatorship instated as of
March 6th, 1945 as well as of
those deported abroad or held
prisoners at the Department of
Labour and Social Solidarity,
Dolj, are respected;
observing the child rights.
Preparing a special report
Following the examined
petitions and investigations made,
the Ombudsman prepared a special
report with regard to serving
punishments in penitenciaries.
Proposals of the Ombudsman
led to preparing a new Normative
Act, i.e. Government Urgency
Ordance no. 56/2003 regarding
care era sesizat nclcarea
principiului egalitii n
drepturi a cetenilor, fr
privilegii i fr discriminri,
de ctre funcionarii din
administraia public;
verificarea modului n care
sunt stabilite i pltite pensiile
cuvenite unor persoane fizice;
sunt respectate drepturile
prevzute de Decretul-Lege nr.
118/ 1990 privind acordarea
unor drepturi persoanelor
persecutate din motive politice
de dictatura instaurat cu
ncepere de la 6 martie 1945,
precum i celor deportate n
strintate ori constituite n
prizonieri la Direcia de Munc
i Solidaritate Social Dolj;
r es pect ar ea dr ept ur i l or
copilului.
ntocmirea unui raport
special

Ca ur mar e a pet i i i l or
exami nat e i a anchet el or
efectuate, Avocatul Poporului a
elaborat un raport special privind
e xe c ut a r e a pe de ps e l or n
penitenciare.
Pr opuner i l e Avocat ul ui
Poporului au condus la elaborarea
=
=
=
ENG
60
the right to file petitions (327),
free access to justice (312).
The other petitions refer to the
right to special protection of
handi capped per sons ( 93) ,
inheritance (66), health care (55),
youth and child protection (53), life
and physical and psychological
integrity (37), intimate family and
private life (35), equality in rights
(30), defense (22), freedom of
speech (21), individual freedom
(17)
Investigations
I n 2003 a t ot al of 23
investigations were made. Mainly,
investigations aimed at the
following fields:
determining the way in
which provisions of the Law
no. 309/ 2002 regardi ng
recognition and granting of
rights to persons that served the
military service with the
General Department of Labour
Service between 1950-1961
are respected;
which are inmates rights for
medi cal car e and f ood
respected;
checking some petitions
dreptul la un proces echitabil
(330),
dreptul de petiionare (327),
accesul liber la justiie (312).
Celelalte petiii se refer la
drepturile de protecie special a
persoanelor cu handicap (93),
motenire (66), ocrotirea sntii
(55), protecia copiilor i tinerilor
(53), la via i integritate fizic i
psihic (37), via intim, familial
i privat (35), egalitatea n
drepturi (30), aprare (22),
libertatea de exprimare (21),
libertatea individual (17).
Anchete
n anul 2003 a fost realizat un
numr total de 23 de anchete. n
principal, anchetele se refereau la
urmtoarele domenii:
constatarea modului n care
sunt aplicate prevederile Legii
nr. 309/ 2002 privind recunoa-
terea si acordarea unor
drepturi persoanelor care au
efectuat stagiul militar n
cadrul Direciei Generale a
Serviciului Muncii n perioada
1950-1961;
sunt respectate drepturile unor
deinui de a beneficia de
asisten medical i de hran;
verificarea unor petiii prin
=
=
=
ENG
61
that signaled infringement
upon the right to equal
citizens rights, with no
privileges or discrimination,
by public administration
clerks;
checking the way in
which pensions due to natural
persons are established and
paid;
checking the way in
which rights stipulated by the
Decree-Law no.118/ 1990
regarding granting of rights to
persons persecuted for
political reasons by the
dictatorship instated as of
March 6th, 1945 as well as of
those deported abroad or held
prisoners at the Department of
Labour and Social Solidarity,
Dolj, are respected;
observing the child rights.
Preparing a special report
Following the examined
petitions and investigations made,
the Ombudsman prepared a special
report with regard to serving
punishments in penitenciaries.
Proposals of the Ombudsman
led to preparing a new Normative
Act, i.e. Government Urgency
Ordance no. 56/2003 regarding
care era sesizat nclcarea
principiului egalitii n
drepturi a cetenilor, fr
privilegii i fr discriminri,
de ctre funcionarii din
administraia public;
sunt stabilite i pltite pensiile
cuvenite unor persoane fizice;
sunt respectate drepturile
prevzute de Decretul-Lege nr.
118/ 1990 privind acordarea
unor drepturi persoanelor
persecutate din motive politice
de dictatura instaurat cu
ncepere de la 6 martie 1945,
precum i celor deportate n
strintate ori constituite n
prizonieri la Direcia de Munc
i Solidaritate Social Dolj;
r es pect ar ea dr ept ur i l or
copilului.
ntocmirea unui raport
special

Ca ur mar e a pet i i i l or
exami nat e i a anchet el or
efectuate, Avocatul Poporului a
elaborat un raport special privind
e xe c ut a r e a pe de ps e l or n
penitenciare.
Pr opuner i l e Avocat ul ui
Poporului au condus la elaborarea
=
=
=
ENG
60
the right to file petitions (327),
free access to justice (312).
The other petitions refer to the
right to special protection of
handi capped per sons ( 93) ,
inheritance (66), health care (55),
youth and child protection (53), life
and physical and psychological
integrity (37), intimate family and
private life (35), equality in rights
(30), defense (22), freedom of
speech (21), individual freedom
(17)
Investigations
I n 2003 a t ot al of 23
investigations were made. Mainly,
investigations aimed at the
following fields:
which provisions of the Law
no. 309/ 2002 regardi ng
recognition and granting of
rights to persons that served the
military service with the
General Department of Labour
Service between 1950-1961
are respected;
which are inmates rights for
medi cal car e and f ood
respected;
checking some petitions
dreptul la un proces echitabil
(330),
dreptul de petiionare (327),
accesul liber la justiie (312).
Celelalte petiii se refer la
drepturile de protecie special a
persoanelor cu handicap (93),
motenire (66), ocrotirea sntii
(55), protecia copiilor i tinerilor
(53), la via i integritate fizic i
psihic (37), via intim, familial
i privat (35), egalitatea n
drepturi (30), aprare (22),
libertatea de exprimare (21),
libertatea individual (17).
Anchete
n anul 2003 a fost realizat un
numr total de 23 de anchete. n
principal, anchetele se refereau la
urmtoarele domenii:
sunt aplicate prevederile Legii
nr. 309/ 2002 privind recunoa-
terea si acordarea unor
drepturi persoanelor care au
efectuat stagiul militar n
cadrul Direciei Generale a
Serviciului Muncii n perioada
1950-1961;
sunt respectate drepturile unor
deinui de a beneficia de
asisten medical i de hran;
verificarea unor petiii prin
=
=
=
ENG
63
International cooperation
The Ombudsman Institution
has been an active presence, in the
past years, at meetings where it
took part as member of the
Ombudsmen and French-Speaking
Mediators Association, as well as
seminaries organized by the
European Union and the Council of
Europe, in the field of personal
information protection.
It is worth to mention the
col aborat i on wi t h t he t wo
international forums: International
Ombudsman' s Inst i t ut e and
Ombudsmans European Institute
The manifestations that took place
cont r i but ed t o t he bet t er
knowledge of the Ombudsman
institution on a foreign level,
a mo n g o mb u d s ma n - t y p e
institutions in Europe, experience
exchanges with representatives of
international organizations having
a significant role in strengthening
the institutional capacity of the
Ombudsman Institution, as well as
establishing of new collaboration
links.
Cooperare internaional
Instituia Avocatul Poporului a
fost o prezen activ n ultimii ani,
att n cadrul ntlnirilor la care a
participat n calitate de membru al
Asociaiei Ombudsman-ilor i
Mediatorilor Francofoni, precum
i la seminariile organizate de
Uniunea European i Consiliul
Europei n domeniul proteciei
datelor personale.
Es t e d e me n i o n a t i
colaborarea cu cele dou foruri
i n t e r n a i o n a l e , I n s t i t u t u l
Internaional al Ombudsman-ului
i I ns t i t ut ul Eur opean al
Ombudsman-ului.
Manifestrile care au avut loc
au cont ri bui t l a mai buna
cunoatere a instituiei Avocatul
Poporului pe plan extern, n rndul
instituiilor de tip ombudsman din
Europa, schimburile de experien
cu reprezentani ai organismelor
internaionale avnd un rol
semnificativ n ntrirea capacitii
i nst i t u i onal e a Avocat ul ui
Poporului, precum i n stabilirea
unor noi legturi de colaborare.
ENG
62
some rights of persons that are
current l y servi ng freedom-
privating punishments, as well as
the two orders of the Minister of
Justice, i.e. Order no. 3131/C/2003
regarding time and recurrence of
visits, number and weight of food
parcels, as well as goods the may
be accepted, kept and used by
persons that serve freedom-
privating punishments, and the
Order no. 3352/C/2003 regarding
the obligations and interdictions of
disciplinary measures taken in case
of disciplinary infractions.
Forming points of view
During 2003, 386 points of
view were communicated to the
Constitutional Court, regarding the
exceptions of non-constitutionality
of laws and ordnances that refer to
the rights and freedoms of the
citizens.
unui nou act normativ n materie, i
anume Ordonana de Urgen a
unele drepturi ale persoanelor
aflate n executarea pedepselor
privative de libertate, precum i a
celor dou ordine ale ministrului
justiiei, i anume: Ordinul nr.
3131/C/2003 privind durata i
periodicitatea vizitelor, numrul i
greutatea pachetelor cu alimente,
precum i bunurile care pot fi
primite, pstrate i folosite de ctre
persoanele aflate n executarea
pedepselor privative de libertate i
Ordinul nr. 3352/C/2003 privind
obl i ga i i l e si i nt er di c i i l e
persoanelor aflate n executarea
pedepselor privative de libertate,
precum i msurile disciplinare
aplicate n cazul svririi de
abateri disciplinare.
Formularea unor puncte de
vedere

comunicate Curii Constituionale
386 de puncte de vedere cu privire
l a e x c e p i i l e d e n e c o n -
stituionalitate a legilor i
ordonanelor care se refer la
drepturile i libertile cetenilor.
ENG
63
International cooperation
The Ombudsman Institution
has been an active presence, in the
past years, at meetings where it
took part as member of the
Ombudsmen and French-Speaking
Mediators Association, as well as
seminaries organized by the
European Union and the Council of
Europe, in the field of personal
information protection.
It is worth to mention the
col aborat i on wi t h t he t wo
international forums: International
Ombudsman' s Inst i t ut e and
Ombudsmans European Institute
The manifestations that took place
cont r i but ed t o t he bet t er
knowledge of the Ombudsman
institution on a foreign level,
a mo n g o mb u d s ma n - t y p e
institutions in Europe, experience
exchanges with representatives of
international organizations having
a significant role in strengthening
the institutional capacity of the
Ombudsman Institution, as well as
establishing of new collaboration
links.
Cooperare internaional
Instituia Avocatul Poporului a
fost o prezen activ n ultimii ani,
att n cadrul ntlnirilor la care a
participat n calitate de membru al
Asociaiei Ombudsman-ilor i
Mediatorilor Francofoni, precum
i la seminariile organizate de
Uniunea European i Consiliul
Europei n domeniul proteciei
datelor personale.
Es t e d e me n i o n a t i
colaborarea cu cele dou foruri
i n t e r n a i o n a l e , I n s t i t u t u l
Internaional al Ombudsman-ului
i I ns t i t ut ul Eur opean al
Ombudsman-ului.
Manifestrile care au avut loc
au cont ri bui t l a mai buna
cunoatere a instituiei Avocatul
Poporului pe plan extern, n rndul
instituiilor de tip ombudsman din
Europa, schimburile de experien
cu reprezentani ai organismelor
internaionale avnd un rol
semnificativ n ntrirea capacitii
i nst i t u i onal e a Avocat ul ui
Poporului, precum i n stabilirea
unor noi legturi de colaborare.
ENG
62
some rights of persons that are
current l y servi ng freedom-
the two orders of the Minister of
Justice, i.e. Order no. 3131/C/2003
regarding time and recurrence of
visits, number and weight of food
parcels, as well as goods the may
be accepted, kept and used by
privating punishments, and the
Order no. 3352/C/2003 regarding
the obligations and interdictions of
disciplinary measures taken in case
of disciplinary infractions.
Forming points of view
During 2003, 386 points of
view were communicated to the
Constitutional Court, regarding the
exceptions of non-constitutionality
of laws and ordnances that refer to
the rights and freedoms of the
citizens.
unui nou act normativ n materie, i
anume Ordonana de Urgen a
unele drepturi ale persoanelor
aflate n executarea pedepselor
privative de libertate, precum i a
celor dou ordine ale ministrului
justiiei, i anume: Ordinul nr.
3131/C/2003 privind durata i
periodicitatea vizitelor, numrul i
greutatea pachetelor cu alimente,
precum i bunurile care pot fi
primite, pstrate i folosite de ctre
persoanele aflate n executarea
pedepselor privative de libertate i
Ordinul nr. 3352/C/2003 privind
obl i ga i i l e si i nt er di c i i l e
persoanelor aflate n executarea
pedepselor privative de libertate,
precum i msurile disciplinare
aplicate n cazul svririi de
abateri disciplinare.
Formularea unor puncte de
vedere

comunicate Curii Constituionale
386 de puncte de vedere cu privire
l a e x c e p i i l e d e n e c o n -
stituionalitate a legilor i
ordonanelor care se refer la
drepturile i libertile cetenilor.
ENG
65
guaranteeing the right to the
protection of the private life,
regarding the processing of
p e r s o n a l d a t a i n t h e
telecommunications sector.
The two normative acts
mentioned above comply with the
Convention for the protection of
persons against the automatic
processing of personal data,
th
adopted in Strasbourg on the 28 of
January 1981, within the European
Council and ratified by Law no.
682/2001 (published in the Official
st
Gazette No. 830 of the 21 of
December 2001).
Also, laws comply with the
Di rect i ve 95/ 46/ EC of t he
European Parliament and of the
th
Council of the 24 of October
1995, for the protection of persons
concerning the processing of
ci r cul at i on of t hese dat a,
respectively with the Directive
97/ 66/ EC of t he European
Parliament and of the Council of
t h
the 15 of December 1997,
personal data and the protection of
t h e p r i v a t e l i f e i n t h e
By these laws, they aimed at
the enactment, in the field of
personal data processing and of the
protection of persons within the
frame of these activities, of a new
asigur condiiile specifice de
garantare a dreptului la protecia
vieii private n privina prelucrrii
datelor cu caracter personal n
sectorul telecomunicaiilor.
Cele dou acte normative
men i onat e sunt conforme
Conveniei pentru protejarea
persoanelor fa de prelucrarea
automatizat a datelor cu caracter
personal, adoptat la Strasbourg la
28 ianuarie 1981, n cadrul
Consiliului Europei i ratificat de
Romnia prin Legea nr. 682/ 2001
(publicat n Monitorul Oficial cu
numrul 830 din data de 21
decembrie 2001).
De asemenea, legile sunt
conforme Directivei 95/46/EC a
Parlamentului European i a
Consiliului din 24 octombrie 1995,
circulaie a acestor date, respectiv
D i r e c t i v e i 9 7 / 6 6 / E C a
Parlamentului european i a
Consiliului din 15 decembrie
1997, privind prelucrarea datelor
cu caracter personal i protecia
vieii private n sectorul tele-
comunicaiilor.
Prin aceste legi, s-a urmrit
a d o p t a r e a n d o me n i u l
prelucrrilor de date cu caracter
pe r s ona l i a l pr ot e c i e i
persoanelor n contextul acestor
ENG
64
2. The role of the
Ombudsman of Romania in
the protection of persons
with regard to processing
data of private nature, and
the free circulation of
these data
The Romanian legislator
considered that the most adequate
institution that can assure the
protection of the right to a intimate,
famailial and private protection
(set forth by 26 of the Romanian
Constitution) is the Ombudsman.
Following the abbove, the
enactment of Law no. 677/2001 for
the protection of persons regarding
the processing of personal data and
the free circulation of these data
(published in the Oficial Gazette
th
with number 790 of the 12 of
December 2001), whose purpose is
to guarantee and protect the
fundamental rights and liberties of
natural persons, especially of the
right to an intimate, familial and
pri vat e l i fe, regardi ng t he
processing of personal data.
On its turn, Law no. 676/2001
private life in the sector of
telecommunications (published in
the Official Gazette No. 800 of the
th
14 of December 2001), assures the
s p e c i f i c c o n d i t i o n s o f
2. Rolul Avocatului
Poporului din Romnia n
protecia persoanelor cu
privire la prelucrarea
datelor cu caracter
personal i libera circulaie
a acestor date
Legiuitorul romn a considerat
c cea mai adecvat instituie care
poate asigura protecia dreptului la
viaa intim, familial i privat
(prevzut de art. 26 din Constituia
Rom ni e i ) e s t e Avoc a t ul
Poporului.
Ca urmare a acestui fapt, a fost
adoptat Legea nr. 677/ 2001
circulaie a acestor date (publicat
n Monitorul Oficial cu numrul
790 din data de 12 decembrie
2001), care are ca scop garantarea
i protejarea drepturilor i
libertilor fundamentale ale
persoanelor fizice, n special a
dreptului la viaa intim, familial
i privat, cu privire la prelucrarea
datelor cu caracter personal.
La rndul su, Legea nr. 676/
2001 privind prelucrarea datelor cu
caracter personal i protecia vieii
pr i va t e n s e c t or ul t e l e -
comunicaiilor (publicat n
Monitorul Oficial cu numrul 800
din data de 14 decembrie 2001),
ENG
65
guaranteeing the right to the
protection of the private life,
p e r s o n a l d a t a i n t h e
The two normative acts
mentioned above comply with the
Convention for the protection of
persons against the automatic
processing of personal data,
th
adopted in Strasbourg on the 28 of
January 1981, within the European
Council and ratified by Law no.
682/2001 (published in the Official
st
Gazette No. 830 of the 21 of
December 2001).
Also, laws comply with the
Di rect i ve 95/ 46/ EC of t he
European Parliament and of the
th
Council of the 24 of October
1995, for the protection of persons
ci r cul at i on of t hese dat a,
respectively with the Directive
97/ 66/ EC of t he European
Parliament and of the Council of
t h
the 15 of December 1997,
t h e p r i v a t e l i f e i n t h e
By these laws, they aimed at
the enactment, in the field of
personal data processing and of the
protection of persons within the
frame of these activities, of a new
asigur condiiile specifice de
garantare a dreptului la protecia
vieii private n privina prelucrrii
datelor cu caracter personal n
sectorul telecomunicaiilor.
Cele dou acte normative
men i onat e sunt conforme
Conveniei pentru protejarea
persoanelor fa de prelucrarea
automatizat a datelor cu caracter
personal, adoptat la Strasbourg la
28 ianuarie 1981, n cadrul
Consiliului Europei i ratificat de
Romnia prin Legea nr. 682/ 2001
(publicat n Monitorul Oficial cu
numrul 830 din data de 21
decembrie 2001).
De asemenea, legile sunt
conforme Directivei 95/46/EC a
Parlamentului European i a
Consiliului din 24 octombrie 1995,
circulaie a acestor date, respectiv
D i r e c t i v e i 9 7 / 6 6 / E C a
Parlamentului european i a
Consiliului din 15 decembrie
1997, privind prelucrarea datelor
cu caracter personal i protecia
vieii private n sectorul tele-
comunicaiilor.
Prin aceste legi, s-a urmrit
a d o p t a r e a n d o me n i u l
pe r s ona l i a l pr ot e c i e i
persoanelor n contextul acestor
ENG
64
2. The role of the
Ombudsman of Romania in
the protection of persons
with regard to processing
data of private nature, and
the free circulation of
these data
The Romanian legislator
considered that the most adequate
institution that can assure the
protection of the right to a intimate,
famailial and private protection
(set forth by 26 of the Romanian
Constitution) is the Ombudsman.
Following the abbove, the
enactment of Law no. 677/2001 for
the protection of persons regarding
the processing of personal data and
the free circulation of these data
(published in the Oficial Gazette
th
with number 790 of the 12 of
December 2001), whose purpose is
to guarantee and protect the
fundamental rights and liberties of
natural persons, especially of the
right to an intimate, familial and
pri vat e l i fe, regardi ng t he
processing of personal data.
On its turn, Law no. 676/2001
private life in the sector of
telecommunications (published in
the Official Gazette No. 800 of the
th
14 of December 2001), assures the
s p e c i f i c c o n d i t i o n s o f
2. Rolul Avocatului
Poporului din Romnia n
protecia persoanelor cu
privire la prelucrarea
datelor cu caracter
personal i libera circulaie
a acestor date
Legiuitorul romn a considerat
c cea mai adecvat instituie care
poate asigura protecia dreptului la
viaa intim, familial i privat
(prevzut de art. 26 din Constituia
Rom ni e i ) e s t e Avoc a t ul
Poporului.
Ca urmare a acestui fapt, a fost
adoptat Legea nr. 677/ 2001
circulaie a acestor date (publicat
n Monitorul Oficial cu numrul
790 din data de 12 decembrie
2001), care are ca scop garantarea
i protejarea drepturilor i
libertilor fundamentale ale
persoanelor fizice, n special a
dreptului la viaa intim, familial
i privat, cu privire la prelucrarea
datelor cu caracter personal.
La rndul su, Legea nr. 676/
2001 privind prelucrarea datelor cu
caracter personal i protecia vieii
pr i va t e n s e c t or ul t e l e -
comunicaiilor (publicat n
Monitorul Oficial cu numrul 800
din data de 14 decembrie 2001),
ENG
67
supervision authority in the field
of the protection of persons against
the processing of personal data,
although that in Europe this
mission was entrusted to the
Ombudsman only in Finland and
Slovenia.
As a supervision authority, the
Ombudsman, under conditions of
impartiality, monitors and controls
under the aspect of legality the
personal data processing falling
under the incidence of this law.
Even from its consecration through
the Romanian Constitution, the
role of the Ombudsman was to
defend the citizens' rights and
liberties, being independent of any
public authority in its activity.
Hence, the role of supervision
aut hor i t y, moni t or i ng and
controling under the aspect of
legality the personal data
processing, falling under the
incidence of Law no. 677/2001 and
developing its activity under
c o n d i t i o n s o f c o mp l e t e
independence and impartiality, is
included in the constitutional role
of the Ombudman.
When accomplishing its duties
of supervision authority, the
Omb u d s ma n r e c o r d s t h e
notifications sent by operators in
the register for personal data
processing, which is available to
677/2001, s-a stabilit c Avocatul
Poporului este autoritate de
supraveghere n domeni ul
proteciei persoanelor cu privire la
prelucrarea datelor personale, cu
toate c n Europa, numai n
Finlanda i Slovenia s-a ncredinat
aceast misiune Ombudsman-ului.
n calitate de autoritate de
supraveghere, Avocatul Poporului,
independen i imparialitate,
monitorizeaz i controleaz sub
sub incidena acestei legi.
nc de la consacrarea sa prin
Constituia Romniei, rolul
Avocatului Poporului a fost acela
de a apra drepturile i libertile
ceteneti, fiind independent n
activitatea sa, fa de orice
autoritate public.
Prin urmare, rolul de autoritate
d e s u p r a v e g h e r e , c a r e
date cu caracter personal, care cad
sub incidena Legii nr. 677/ 2001 i
care i desfoar activitatea n
condiii de complet independen
i imparialitate, se nscrie n rolul
constituional al Avocatului
Poporului.
n ndeplinirea atribuiilor de
autoritate de supraveghere,
Avocatul Poporului nregistreaz
ENG
66
n o r ma t i v e f r a me f u l l y
harmonized with the community
principles.
At the level of the European
Union, through the Directive 95/46
of the Parliament and of the
European Council, referring to the
protection of persons regarding the
processing of personal data and the
free circulation of these data, the
incorporation by the member states
of a control authority, that
exercises its functions completely
independent, was acknowledged as
an essential component of
protection of persons, in this field.
It was also shown that this
authority must have the necessary
me ans t o a c c ompl i s h i t s
o b l i g a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g
investigation and intervention
powers, especially in the situations
based in complaints of persons.
The supervision authority also has
the role of assuring transparency of
data processing.
In the same sense, the Charta
of the fundamental rights of the
European Union, under paragr.
(3) of art. 8, called Protection of
personal data, established that the
compliance with the rules in this
field, established by the Charta, is
submitted to the control of an
independent authority.
Art. 21 of Law no. 677/2001
sets forth that the Ombudsman is a
activiti, a unui cadru normativ
pe deplin armonizat cu principiile
comunitare.
La nivelul Uniunii Europene,
p r i n Di r e c t i v a 9 5 / 4 6 a
Parlamentului i a Consiliului
European, referitoare la protecia
prelucrarea datelor personale i
libera circulaie a acestor date, s-a
recunoscut ca o component
e s e n i a l a p r o t e c i e i
persoanelor, n acest domeniu,
nfiinarea, de ctre statele
membre, a unei autoriti de
control, care s-i exercite
funciile cu deplin independen.
De asemenea, s-a artat c
aceast autoritate trebuie s aib
mijloacele necesare ndeplinirii
atribuiilor sale, inclusiv puteri de
investigare i de intervenie, mai
ales n cazurile bazate pe plngeri
ale persoanelor. Autoritatea de
supraveghere are i rolul de a
asigura transparena prelucrrilor
de date.
n acel ai sens, Cart a
drepturilor fundamentale a
Uniunii Europene, n alin. (3) din
art. 8, intitulat chiar Protecia
datelor cu caracter personal,
prevede c respectarea regulilor
din acest domeniu, stabilite de
Cart, este supus controlului unei
autoriti independente.
Prin art. 21 din Legea nr.
ENG
67
supervision authority in the field
of the protection of persons against
the processing of personal data,
although that in Europe this
mission was entrusted to the
Ombudsman only in Finland and
Slovenia.
As a supervision authority, the
Ombudsman, under conditions of
impartiality, monitors and controls
under the aspect of legality the
personal data processing falling
under the incidence of this law.
Even from its consecration through
the Romanian Constitution, the
role of the Ombudsman was to
defend the citizens' rights and
liberties, being independent of any
public authority in its activity.
Hence, the role of supervision
aut hor i t y, moni t or i ng and
controling under the aspect of
legality the personal data
processing, falling under the
incidence of Law no. 677/2001 and
developing its activity under
c o n d i t i o n s o f c o mp l e t e
independence and impartiality, is
included in the constitutional role
of the Ombudman.
When accomplishing its duties
of supervision authority, the
Omb u d s ma n r e c o r d s t h e
notifications sent by operators in
the register for personal data
processing, which is available to
677/2001, s-a stabilit c Avocatul
Poporului este autoritate de
supraveghere n domeni ul
proteciei persoanelor cu privire la
prelucrarea datelor personale, cu
toate c n Europa, numai n
Finlanda i Slovenia s-a ncredinat
aceast misiune Ombudsman-ului.
n calitate de autoritate de
supraveghere, Avocatul Poporului,
independen i imparialitate,
sub incidena acestei legi.
nc de la consacrarea sa prin
Constituia Romniei, rolul
Avocatului Poporului a fost acela
de a apra drepturile i libertile
ceteneti, fiind independent n
activitatea sa, fa de orice
autoritate public.
Prin urmare, rolul de autoritate
d e s u p r a v e g h e r e , c a r e
date cu caracter personal, care cad
sub incidena Legii nr. 677/ 2001 i
care i desfoar activitatea n
condiii de complet independen
i imparialitate, se nscrie n rolul
constituional al Avocatului
Poporului.
n ndeplinirea atribuiilor de
autoritate de supraveghere,
Avocatul Poporului nregistreaz
ENG
66
n o r ma t i v e f r a me f u l l y
harmonized with the community
principles.
At the level of the European
Union, through the Directive 95/46
of the Parliament and of the
European Council, referring to the
protection of persons regarding the
processing of personal data and the
free circulation of these data, the
incorporation by the member states
of a control authority, that
exercises its functions completely
independent, was acknowledged as
an essential component of
protection of persons, in this field.
It was also shown that this
authority must have the necessary
me ans t o a c c ompl i s h i t s
o b l i g a t i o n s , i n c l u d i n g
investigation and intervention
powers, especially in the situations
based in complaints of persons.
The supervision authority also has
the role of assuring transparency of
data processing.
In the same sense, the Charta
of the fundamental rights of the
European Union, under paragr.
(3) of art. 8, called Protection of
personal data, established that the
compliance with the rules in this
field, established by the Charta, is
submitted to the control of an
independent authority.
Art. 21 of Law no. 677/2001
sets forth that the Ombudsman is a
activiti, a unui cadru normativ
pe deplin armonizat cu principiile
comunitare.
La nivelul Uniunii Europene,
p r i n Di r e c t i v a 9 5 / 4 6 a
Parlamentului i a Consiliului
European, referitoare la protecia
prelucrarea datelor personale i
libera circulaie a acestor date, s-a
recunoscut ca o component
e s e n i a l a p r o t e c i e i
persoanelor, n acest domeniu,
nfiinarea, de ctre statele
membre, a unei autoriti de
control, care s-i exercite
funciile cu deplin independen.
De asemenea, s-a artat c
aceast autoritate trebuie s aib
mijloacele necesare ndeplinirii
atribuiilor sale, inclusiv puteri de
investigare i de intervenie, mai
ales n cazurile bazate pe plngeri
ale persoanelor. Autoritatea de
supraveghere are i rolul de a
asigura transparena prelucrrilor
de date.
n acel ai sens, Cart a
drepturilor fundamentale a
Uniunii Europene, n alin. (3) din
art. 8, intitulat chiar Protecia
datelor cu caracter personal,
prevede c respectarea regulilor
din acest domeniu, stabilite de
Cart, este supus controlului unei
autoriti independente.
Prin art. 21 din Legea nr.
ENG
69
After the investigations and
controls, the procedure can be
started or, on the contrary,
temporarily suspended, stopped,
t he processed dat a erased,
a c k n o w l e d g e m e n t o f
contraventions and application of
fees, notification of the penal
prosecuting bodies of the taking to
the Court of legal actions.
Also, the Ombudsman can
authorize or forbid a personal data
transfer abroad, depending on the
protection level assured by the
destination and by the guaranteed
presented by the operator for the
protection of the rights of the
relevant persons.
The Ombudsman can make
r ecommendat i ons or s end
notifications upon the request of
natural or legal persons, of public
or private law, referring to any
matter related to the protection of
the fundamental rights and liberties
aagainst personal data processing.
The Ombudsman can notice
certain contraventions and apply
fees for the failure to comply with
some obligations, infringement of
the rights of the relevant persons,
as settled by Law no. 676/2001 and
by Law no. 365/2002 concerning
electronic trade.
Other activities developed by
t h e O mb u d s ma n w h i l e
accomplishing his duties of
dreptul de a nu fi supus unei decizii
automate individuale) nu le sunt
recunoscute de ctre operatori.
n urma efecturii investi-
gaiilor i controalelor, se poate
dispune nceperea prelucrrii sau
d i mp o t r i v , s u s p e n d a r e a
provizorie, ncetarea acesteia,
tergerea datelor prelucrate,
constatarea de contravenii i
aplicarea unor amenzi, sesizarea
organelor de urmrire penal sau
intentarea de aciuni n justiie.
De asemenea, Avocatul Poporului
poate autoriza sau interzice
efectuarea unui transfer de date
personale n strintate, n funcie
de nivelul de protecie asigurat de
statul de destinaie i de garaniile
prezentate de operator pentru
protecia drepturilor persoanelor
vizate.
Asupra oricrei chestiuni
legate de protecia drepturilor i
libertilor fundamentale n
privina prelucrrii datelor cu
caracter personal, Avocatul
Popor ul ui poa t e f or mul a
recomandri sau avize la cererea
persoanelor fizice sau juridice, de
drept public ori privat.
Avocatul Poporului poate
constata anumite contravenii i
a p l i c a a me n z i , p e n t r u
nerespectarea unor obligaii sau
nclcarea unor drepturi ale
persoanelor vizate, aa cum sunt
acestea reglementate de Legea nr.
ENG
68
the public for consultation.
th
Starting with the 12 of December
2001, when Law no. 677/2001 was
enacted, until now, 351 such
notifications have been recorded.
For the application of Law no.
677/2001, the Ombudman issued
five orders, published in the
Official Gazette of Romania and
available on the Internet page of the
i nst i t ut i on, among whi ch,
particularly important, the order
regarding the minimal security
requirements that every operator
must observe.
I n or der t o check t he
accomplishment of the duties
belonging to operators according
to Law no. 677/2001 and the
observance of the subsequent
settlements, the Ombudman's
proxies make prior contrls and
investigations, either ex officio, or
based on complaints.
Visited persons can make
complaints when their rights are
considered to be damaged,
resulting from personal data
processing and particularly, when
the rights guaranteed by Law no.
677/2001 (the right to information,
the right to access, the rights to
i nt er vent i on, t he r i ght t o
opposition, the right of not being
submi t t ed t o an aut omat i c
individual decision), they are not
recognized by the operators.
notificrile transmise de operatori,
n regi st rul de evi den a
personal, care este deschis spre
consultare publicului. ncepnd cu
12 decembrie 2001, cnd a intrat n
vigoare Legea nr. 677/2001, i
pn n prezent, au fost nregistrate
351 asemenea notificri.
n aplicarea Legii nr. 677/
2001, Avocatul Poporului a emis
ci nci or di ne, publ i cat e n
Monitorul Oficial al Romniei i
disponibile pe pagina de Internet a
instituiei, printre care, de o
importan deosebit, se numr
ordinul referitor la cerinele
minime de securitate pe care
trebuie s le ndeplineasc toi
operatorii.
Pentru verificarea respectrii
obligaiilor ce revin operatorilor
conform Legii nr. 677/ 2001 i
reglementrilor subsecvente,
mput e r ni c i i i Avoc a t ul ui
Poporului efectueaz controale
prealabile i investigaii, fie din
oficiu, fie n baza unor plngeri.
Persoanele vizate pot depune
plngeri atunci cnd se consider
lezate n drepturile lor, rezultnd
din prelucrarea datelor cu caracter
personal i n special, atunci cnd
drepturile garantate de Legea nr.
677/ 2001 (dreptul de informare,
dreptul de acces, dreptul de
intervenie, dreptul de opoziie,
ENG
69
After the investigations and
controls, the procedure can be
started or, on the contrary,
temporarily suspended, stopped,
t he processed dat a erased,
a c k n o w l e d g e m e n t o f
contraventions and application of
fees, notification of the penal
prosecuting bodies of the taking to
the Court of legal actions.
Also, the Ombudsman can
authorize or forbid a personal data
transfer abroad, depending on the
protection level assured by the
destination and by the guaranteed
presented by the operator for the
protection of the rights of the
relevant persons.
The Ombudsman can make
r ecommendat i ons or s end
notifications upon the request of
natural or legal persons, of public
or private law, referring to any
matter related to the protection of
the fundamental rights and liberties
aagainst personal data processing.
The Ombudsman can notice
certain contraventions and apply
fees for the failure to comply with
some obligations, infringement of
the rights of the relevant persons,
as settled by Law no. 676/2001 and
by Law no. 365/2002 concerning
electronic trade.
Other activities developed by
t h e O mb u d s ma n w h i l e
accomplishing his duties of
dreptul de a nu fi supus unei decizii
automate individuale) nu le sunt
recunoscute de ctre operatori.
n urma efecturii investi-
gaiilor i controalelor, se poate
dispune nceperea prelucrrii sau
d i mp o t r i v , s u s p e n d a r e a
provizorie, ncetarea acesteia,
tergerea datelor prelucrate,
constatarea de contravenii i
aplicarea unor amenzi, sesizarea
organelor de urmrire penal sau
intentarea de aciuni n justiie.
De asemenea, Avocatul Poporului
poate autoriza sau interzice
efectuarea unui transfer de date
personale n strintate, n funcie
de nivelul de protecie asigurat de
statul de destinaie i de garaniile
prezentate de operator pentru
protecia drepturilor persoanelor
vizate.
Asupra oricrei chestiuni
legate de protecia drepturilor i
libertilor fundamentale n
privina prelucrrii datelor cu
caracter personal, Avocatul
Popor ul ui poa t e f or mul a
recomandri sau avize la cererea
persoanelor fizice sau juridice, de
drept public ori privat.
Avocatul Poporului poate
constata anumite contravenii i
a p l i c a a me n z i , p e n t r u
nerespectarea unor obligaii sau
nclcarea unor drepturi ale
persoanelor vizate, aa cum sunt
acestea reglementate de Legea nr.
ENG
68
the public for consultation.
th
Starting with the 12 of December
2001, when Law no. 677/2001 was
enacted, until now, 351 such
notifications have been recorded.
For the application of Law no.
677/2001, the Ombudman issued
five orders, published in the
Official Gazette of Romania and
available on the Internet page of the
i nst i t ut i on, among whi ch,
particularly important, the order
regarding the minimal security
requirements that every operator
must observe.
I n or der t o check t he
accomplishment of the duties
belonging to operators according
to Law no. 677/2001 and the
observance of the subsequent
settlements, the Ombudman's
proxies make prior contrls and
investigations, either ex officio, or
based on complaints.
Visited persons can make
complaints when their rights are
considered to be damaged,
resulting from personal data
processing and particularly, when
the rights guaranteed by Law no.
677/2001 (the right to information,
the right to access, the rights to
i nt er vent i on, t he r i ght t o
opposition, the right of not being
submi t t ed t o an aut omat i c
individual decision), they are not
recognized by the operators.
notificrile transmise de operatori,
n regi st rul de evi den a
personal, care este deschis spre
consultare publicului. ncepnd cu
12 decembrie 2001, cnd a intrat n
vigoare Legea nr. 677/2001, i
pn n prezent, au fost nregistrate
351 asemenea notificri.
n aplicarea Legii nr. 677/
2001, Avocatul Poporului a emis
ci nci or di ne, publ i cat e n
Monitorul Oficial al Romniei i
disponibile pe pagina de Internet a
instituiei, printre care, de o
importan deosebit, se numr
ordinul referitor la cerinele
minime de securitate pe care
trebuie s le ndeplineasc toi
operatorii.
Pentru verificarea respectrii
obligaiilor ce revin operatorilor
conform Legii nr. 677/ 2001 i
reglementrilor subsecvente,
mput e r ni c i i i Avoc a t ul ui
Poporului efectueaz controale
prealabile i investigaii, fie din
oficiu, fie n baza unor plngeri.
Persoanele vizate pot depune
plngeri atunci cnd se consider
lezate n drepturile lor, rezultnd
din prelucrarea datelor cu caracter
personal i n special, atunci cnd
drepturile garantate de Legea nr.
677/ 2001 (dreptul de informare,
dreptul de acces, dreptul de
intervenie, dreptul de opoziie,
ENG
71
Gabriel ANDREESCU
President of
Helsinki Committee
Why did the Helsinki
Committee involve
in the national minorities
doctrine?
The term
The term discrimination is
used with at least two meanings.
One, the most technical, appears in
t h e n o n - d i s c r i mi n a t i o n
principle, the idea that it is not
acceptable to treat (discriminated)
persons and groups at a standard
inferior compared to the general
treatment. The second meaning
refers to the granting of the equality
o f c h a n c e s . Th i s wi d e r
interpretation is also the most and
more often used. It is proven by the
series of anti-discriminating
measures developed within the
European Union.
The equality of chances is not
granted only by guaranteeing an
equal treatment between persons
and groups, but by taking for
example special precautions able
to affront the inequality instituted
by the society in time. The
superposition of the two meanings
Association for
Protecting Human Rights -
Gabriel ANDREESCU
Preedinte, Asociaia pentru
Protecia Drepturilor Omului -
Comitetul Helsinki
De ce s-a ocupat Comitetul
Helsinki de doctrina
minoritilor naionale?
Termenul
Termenul discriminare se
uitlizeaz n cel puin dou sensuri.
Unul, cel mai tehnic, apare n
principiul ne-discriminrii,
ideea c nu este acceptabil s
tratezi persoane i grupuri
(discriminate) la un standard
inferior comparativ cu tratamentul
general. Al doilea sens are n
vedere realizarea egalitii de
anse. Aceast interpretare, mai
larg, este i cea folosit din ce n
ce mai des. O probeaz asamblul
msurilor antidiscriminatorii
dezvoltat n cadrul Uniunii
Europene.
Egalitatea de anse nu se
realizeaz doar veghind asupra
unui tratament egal ntre persoane
i grupuri. Ci lund, eventual,
msuri speciale capabile s
nfrunte inegalitatea construit de
societate de-a lungul timpului.
Suprapunerea celor dou sensuri
ENG
70
supervision authority have aimed
at the wide information of both
personal data operators, and all the
persons interested in this relatively
new field, by organizing the
symposium with the subject
Protection of persons against the
processing of personal data, in the
activity of public authorities and
institutions, publication of
articles in the media, participation
i n v a r i o u s i n t e r n a l a n d
international conferences, as well
as by the publication on the Internet
pa ge of t he Ombuds ma n
Institution, in the section dedicated
to personal information, of a
Documentary on the application of
Law no. 677/ 2001 f or t he
protection of persons against
personal data processing and the
free circulation of this information.
When considering its role of
supervision authority that was
conveyed by the Romanian law, the
Ombudsman participates in the
elaboration of the Complementary
Position Document of Romania,
for the adherence to the European
Union, in the section referring to
the Protection of personal data,
from Chapter 3 Free circulation of
services and Chapter 24 Justice
and internal affairs.
676/ 2001 i de Legea nr. 365/ 2002
privind comerul electronic.
Alte activiti ntreprinse de
Avocatul Poporului n ndeplinirea
atribuiilor sale de autoritate de
s u p r a v e g h e r e a u u r m r i t
informarea larg att a operatorilor
de date cu caracter personal, ct i a
tuturor persoanelor interesate de
acest domeniu relativ nou, prin
organizarea simpozionului cu tema
Protecia persoanelor cu privire la
prelucrarea datelor cu caracter
personal, n activitatea autoritilor
i instituiilor publice, publicarea
de articole n pres, participarea la
diverse conferine interne i
internaionale, precum i prin
publicarea pe pagina de Internet a
instituiei Avocatul Poporului, la
sec i unea dedi cat dat el or
personale, a unui Documentar cu
privire la aplicarea Legii nr. 677/
caracter personal i libera
n considerarea rolului su de
autoritate de supraveghere ce i-a
fost conferit prin legea romn,
Avocatul Poporului particip la
elaborarea Documentului de
p o z i i e c o mp l e me n t a r a l
Romniei, pentru aderarea la
Uniunea European, la seciunea
referitoare la Protecia datelor
personale, din Capitolul 3-Libera
circulaie a serviciilor i Capitolul
24-Justiie i afaceri interne.
ENG
71
Gabriel ANDREESCU
President of
Helsinki Committee
Why did the Helsinki
Committee involve
in the national minorities
doctrine?
The term
The term discrimination is
used with at least two meanings.
One, the most technical, appears in
t h e n o n - d i s c r i mi n a t i o n
principle, the idea that it is not
acceptable to treat (discriminated)
persons and groups at a standard
inferior compared to the general
treatment. The second meaning
refers to the granting of the equality
o f c h a n c e s . Th i s wi d e r
interpretation is also the most and
more often used. It is proven by the
series of anti-discriminating
measures developed within the
European Union.
The equality of chances is not
granted only by guaranteeing an
equal treatment between persons
and groups, but by taking for
example special precautions able
to affront the inequality instituted
by the society in time. The
superposition of the two meanings
Association for
Protecting Human Rights -
Gabriel ANDREESCU
Preedinte, Asociaia pentru
Protecia Drepturilor Omului -
Comitetul Helsinki
De ce s-a ocupat Comitetul
Helsinki de doctrina
minoritilor naionale?
Termenul
Termenul discriminare se
uitlizeaz n cel puin dou sensuri.
Unul, cel mai tehnic, apare n
principiul ne-discriminrii,
ideea c nu este acceptabil s
tratezi persoane i grupuri
(discriminate) la un standard
inferior comparativ cu tratamentul
general. Al doilea sens are n
vedere realizarea egalitii de
anse. Aceast interpretare, mai
larg, este i cea folosit din ce n
ce mai des. O probeaz asamblul
msurilor antidiscriminatorii
dezvoltat n cadrul Uniunii
Europene.
Egalitatea de anse nu se
realizeaz doar veghind asupra
unui tratament egal ntre persoane
i grupuri. Ci lund, eventual,
msuri speciale capabile s
nfrunte inegalitatea construit de
societate de-a lungul timpului.
Suprapunerea celor dou sensuri
ENG
70
supervision authority have aimed
at the wide information of both
personal data operators, and all the
persons interested in this relatively
new field, by organizing the
symposium with the subject
Protection of persons against the
processing of personal data, in the
activity of public authorities and
institutions, publication of
articles in the media, participation
i n v a r i o u s i n t e r n a l a n d
international conferences, as well
as by the publication on the Internet
pa ge of t he Ombuds ma n
Institution, in the section dedicated
to personal information, of a
Documentary on the application of
Law no. 677/ 2001 f or t he
protection of persons against
personal data processing and the
free circulation of this information.
When considering its role of
supervision authority that was
conveyed by the Romanian law, the
Ombudsman participates in the
elaboration of the Complementary
Position Document of Romania,
for the adherence to the European
Union, in the section referring to
the Protection of personal data,
from Chapter 3 Free circulation of
services and Chapter 24 Justice
and internal affairs.
676/ 2001 i de Legea nr. 365/ 2002
privind comerul electronic.
Alte activiti ntreprinse de
Avocatul Poporului n ndeplinirea
atribuiilor sale de autoritate de
s u p r a v e g h e r e a u u r m r i t
informarea larg att a operatorilor
de date cu caracter personal, ct i a
tuturor persoanelor interesate de
acest domeniu relativ nou, prin
organizarea simpozionului cu tema
Protecia persoanelor cu privire la
prelucrarea datelor cu caracter
personal, n activitatea autoritilor
i instituiilor publice, publicarea
de articole n pres, participarea la
diverse conferine interne i
internaionale, precum i prin
publicarea pe pagina de Internet a
instituiei Avocatul Poporului, la
sec i unea dedi cat dat el or
personale, a unui Documentar cu
privire la aplicarea Legii nr. 677/
caracter personal i libera
n considerarea rolului su de
autoritate de supraveghere ce i-a
fost conferit prin legea romn,
Avocatul Poporului particip la
elaborarea Documentului de
p o z i i e c o mp l e me n t a r a l
Romniei, pentru aderarea la
Uniunea European, la seciunea
referitoare la Protecia datelor
personale, din Capitolul 3-Libera
circulaie a serviciilor i Capitolul
24-Justiie i afaceri interne.
ENG
73
declarations, resolutions of the
inter-governmental organisms,
e n u m e r a t e b o t h n o n -
discrimination principles, and
special precautions that the States
are invited to apply.
I would like to add one more
thing, so that the terms above, as
they shall be hereinafter used, may
not present any kind of ambiguity.
There are some vision differencies
about a legitimate system of the
special precautions. There is no
formally accepted definition of
them. However, as a reference, the
Report of the CSCE meeting of the
experts on the problems of the
th
national minorities held on the 19
of July 1991. Here is the following
passage:
The States participating [in
the CSCE process] reconfirm the
importance of approving, where
necessary, special precautions in
order to assure the persons
belonging to national minorities
the full equality with the other
ci t i zens i n exerci si ng and
fructification of the human rights
and of the fundamental liberties.
They recall the need to take the
necessary precaution in order to
protect ethnic, cultural, linguistic
and religious identity of the
national minorities in their
territories, and to create suitable
interguvernamentale enumer att
principii de ne-discriminare ct i
msuri speciale pe care statele sunt
invitate s le aplice.
Un singur lucru a aduga,
pentru ca termenii de mai sus, aa
cum i voi folosi in continaure, s
nu prezinte nici un fel de
ambiguitate. Exist oarecare
diferene de viziune, asupra unui
sistem legitim al msurilor
speciale. Nu exist o definiie
formal acceptat a acestora. Totui,
ca referin, se poate invoca
Raportul ntlnirii CSCE a
e xpe r i l or pe pr obl e me l e
minoritilor naionale din 19 iulie
1991. Iat urmtorul pasaj:
St at el e part i ci pant e [l a
procesul CSCE] reconfirm
importana adoptrii, acolo unde
este necesar, de msuri speciale
pentru a asigura persoanelor
aparinnd minoritilor naionale
deplina egalitate cu ceilali ceteni
n exercitarea i fructificarea
drepturilor omului i a libertilor
fundamentale. Ele reamintesc
necesitatea de a se lua msuri
necesare pent ru prot ej area
identitii entice, culturale,
l i ngvi st i ce i r el i gi oase a
mi nor i t i l or na i onal e pe
teritoriile lor i de a se crea condiii
pent r u pr omovar ea acel ei
identiti; orice asemenea msuri
vor fi n conformitate cu principiile
ENG
72
cannot prevent us from clearly
defining the policy necessary for a
natural coexistence within the
society; particularly, in order to
assure the right relations between
the majority and the minorities.
Discrimination and
protection systems
The above explain why, by
following the specific problems, I
prefer to take as reference the
national minorities protection
system as a whole, and I mean the
three traditional components:
- the principle of complying with
the fundamental rights and
liberties, also applied to those
minorities;
- t h e p r i n c i p l e o f n o n -
discrimination, as an explicit
requirement of exclusion of any
discrimation based on national,
ethnic, rasial, religios origin, etc.;
- the system of special precautions
a l s o c a l l e d " p o s i t i v e
discrimination" meant to assure
the members of the society that
they belong either to minorities, or
to the majority, equality of
effective chances, not only formal.
Cons t i t ut i onal s ys t ems
t oget her wi t h t he i nt er nal
legislations, the various treaties,
nu are de ce s ne mpiedice s
definim clar politica necesar
pentru o coexisten fireasc n
cadrul societii; n particular,
pentru a asigura raporturi juste
ntre majoritate i minoriti.
Discriminarea i sistemele
de protecie
Cele spuse explic de ce,
urmrind problematica specific,
prefer s iau ca reper sistemul de
protecie al minoritilor naionale
n ansamblul su i s m refer la
cele trei componente tradiionale:
- principiul respectrii drepturilor
i libertilor fundamentale,
aplicate i persoanelor care aparin
- principiul ne-discriminrii, ca
cerin explicit de excludere a
oricrei discriminri pe baz de
origine naional, etnic, rasial,
religioas .a.m.d.;
- sistemul msurilor speciale -
numite i "discriminare pozitiv" -
chemate s asigure membrilor
s oci et i i , f i e c apar i n
minoritilor fie c aparin
majoritii, egalitate de anse
efectiv, nu numai formal.
Sistemele constituionale
mpreun cu legislaiile interne,
diferitele tratate, declaraii,
rezol u i i , al e organi smel or
ENG
73
declarations, resolutions of the
inter-governmental organisms,
e n u m e r a t e b o t h n o n -
discrimination principles, and
special precautions that the States
are invited to apply.
I would like to add one more
thing, so that the terms above, as
they shall be hereinafter used, may
not present any kind of ambiguity.
There are some vision differencies
about a legitimate system of the
special precautions. There is no
formally accepted definition of
them. However, as a reference, the
Report of the CSCE meeting of the
experts on the problems of the
th
national minorities held on the 19
of July 1991. Here is the following
passage:
The States participating [in
the CSCE process] reconfirm the
importance of approving, where
necessary, special precautions in
order to assure the persons
belonging to national minorities
the full equality with the other
ci t i zens i n exerci si ng and
fructification of the human rights
and of the fundamental liberties.
They recall the need to take the
necessary precaution in order to
protect ethnic, cultural, linguistic
and religious identity of the
national minorities in their
territories, and to create suitable
interguvernamentale enumer att
principii de ne-discriminare ct i
msuri speciale pe care statele sunt
invitate s le aplice.
Un singur lucru a aduga,
pentru ca termenii de mai sus, aa
cum i voi folosi in continaure, s
nu prezinte nici un fel de
ambiguitate. Exist oarecare
diferene de viziune, asupra unui
sistem legitim al msurilor
speciale. Nu exist o definiie
formal acceptat a acestora. Totui,
ca referin, se poate invoca
minoritilor naionale din 19 iulie
1991. Iat urmtorul pasaj:
St at el e part i ci pant e [l a
procesul CSCE] reconfirm
importana adoptrii, acolo unde
este necesar, de msuri speciale
pentru a asigura persoanelor
aparinnd minoritilor naionale
deplina egalitate cu ceilali ceteni
n exercitarea i fructificarea
drepturilor omului i a libertilor
fundamentale. Ele reamintesc
necesitatea de a se lua msuri
necesare pent ru prot ej area
identitii entice, culturale,
l i ngvi st i ce i r el i gi oase a
mi nor i t i l or na i onal e pe
teritoriile lor i de a se crea condiii
pent r u pr omovar ea acel ei
identiti; orice asemenea msuri
vor fi n conformitate cu principiile
ENG
72
cannot prevent us from clearly
defining the policy necessary for a
natural coexistence within the
society; particularly, in order to
assure the right relations between
the majority and the minorities.
Discrimination and
protection systems
The above explain why, by
following the specific problems, I
prefer to take as reference the
national minorities protection
system as a whole, and I mean the
three traditional components:
- the principle of complying with
the fundamental rights and
liberties, also applied to those
minorities;
- t h e p r i n c i p l e o f n o n -
discrimination, as an explicit
requirement of exclusion of any
discrimation based on national,
ethnic, rasial, religios origin, etc.;
- the system of special precautions
a l s o c a l l e d " p o s i t i v e
discrimination" meant to assure
the members of the society that
they belong either to minorities, or
to the majority, equality of
effective chances, not only formal.
Cons t i t ut i onal s ys t ems
t oget her wi t h t he i nt er nal
legislations, the various treaties,
nu are de ce s ne mpiedice s
definim clar politica necesar
pentru o coexisten fireasc n
cadrul societii; n particular,
pentru a asigura raporturi juste
ntre majoritate i minoriti.
Discriminarea i sistemele
de protecie
Cele spuse explic de ce,
urmrind problematica specific,
prefer s iau ca reper sistemul de
protecie al minoritilor naionale
n ansamblul su i s m refer la
cele trei componente tradiionale:
- principiul respectrii drepturilor
i libertilor fundamentale,
aplicate i persoanelor care aparin
- principiul ne-discriminrii, ca
cerin explicit de excludere a
oricrei discriminri pe baz de
origine naional, etnic, rasial,
religioas .a.m.d.;
- sistemul msurilor speciale -
numite i "discriminare pozitiv" -
chemate s asigure membrilor
s oci et i i , f i e c apar i n
minoritilor fie c aparin
majoritii, egalitate de anse
efectiv, nu numai formal.
Sistemele constituionale
mpreun cu legislaiile interne,
diferitele tratate, declaraii,
rezol u i i , al e organi smel or
ENG
75
of teachers, especially in the
areas populated by persons
minorities;
= If an education subject is not
taught at all levels in the
language of the minorities
living in that area, taking of the
necessary precautions in order
to acknowledge the diplomas
acquired in these languages
following courses abroad;
= Creation of governmental
research agencies for the
revision of the legislation and
t h e s p r e a d i n g o f t h e
information on the equal and
non-discriminatory rights;
= Granting of the technical and
financial assistance to persons
minorities wishing to exercise
the right to fund and maintain
t hei r own i ns t i t ut i ons ,
organizations and education,
c u l t u r e a n d r e l i g i o n
associations;
= Governmental assistance for
the solution of the local
di f f i cul t i es concer ni ng
discriminatory practices (e.g.
the bureau of relations with
citizens);
= Encouragement of the efforts
connected to the basic relations
w i t h i n t h e mi n o r i t y
c o m m u n i t i e s , t h e
n limba minoritilor n aria
locuit de ele, luarea de msuri
necesare pentru a recunoate
diplomele dobndite n aceste
limbi la cursurile de studii n
strintate;
crearea de agenii guverna-
mentale de cercetare pentru
r evi zui r ea l egi sl a i ei i
rspndirea informaiei cu
privire la drepturile egale i
nediscriminatorii;
acordarea asistenei tehnice i
f i na nc i a r e pe r s oa ne l or
naionale care doresc s-i
exercite dreptul de a fonda i a
menine propriile instituii,
organizaii i asociaii de
educaie, cultur i religie;
asisten guvernamental
pentru rezolvarea dificultilor
l ocal e pr i vi nd pr act i ci
discriminatorii (de ex.: biroul
de relaii cu cetenii);
ncurajarea eforturilor legate de
relaiile la nivel de baz din
comuni t i l e mi nori t are,
comunitile, comunitile
minoritare i majoritare, i ntre
comunitile transfrontaliere,
cu scopul de a ajuta prevenirea
tensiunilor locale i rezolvarea
pe cale panic a conflictelor
care ar aprea; i
ncurajarea formrii unor
comisii mixte permanente,
inter-state sau regionale, pentru
=
=
=
=
=
ENG
74
conditions for the promotion of
that identity; any such measures
shall comply with the principles of
equality and non-discrimination
with regard to the other citizens of
1
that participating state .
The above-mentioned Report
enumerates several precautions
that gave positive results in certain
States, among which:
= Consulting institutions with
decisive power in which
minorities may be represented,
mai nl y wi t h r egar d t o
educat i on, cul t ur e, and
religion;
= Elected unions and institutions
of the minorities;
= Bilateral and multilateral
a gr e e me nt s , a nd ot he r
precautions with regard to
= Assuring of certain types and
levels of education in the
maternal language for persons
minorities, according to the
number, geographic location
and cultural traditions of the
national minoritis;
= Financing of the teaching of the
minorities language for the
general public, as well as
including the teaching of the
mi nor i t i es l anguage i n
institutions for the perfection
de egalitate i nediscriminare
privitoare la ceilali ceteni ai
1
respectivului stat participant .
Raportul amintit enumer mai
multe msuri care au dat rezultate
pozitive n unele state, printre care:
instituii consultative i cu
putere de decizie n care
minoritile s fie reprezentate,
n special cu privire la educaie,
cultur i religie;
uniuni i instituii alese ale
minoritilor;
a c o r d u r i b i l a t e r a l e i
multilaterale i alte msuri cu
pr i vi r e l a mi nor i t i l e
naionale;
asigurarea unor tipuri i nivele
de educaie n limba matern
pentru persoanele aparinnd
minoritilor naionale n
conformitate cu numrul,
aezarea geografic i tradiiile
culturale ale minoritilor
naionale;
finanarea predrii limbii
minoritilor pentru publicul
general, ct i includerea
predrii limbilor minoritilor
n instituii de perfecionare a
profesorilor, n special n
r e g i u n i l e p o p u l a t e d e
p e r s o a n e l e a p a r i n n d
n cazul n care o materie nu
este predat la toate nivelurile
=
=
=
=
=
=
ENG
1
Pro Europa Ligue, Romania and the
minorities, Pro Europa Printing House, Trgu
Mure, 1997, pag. 84
1
Liga Pro Europa, Romnia i minoritile,
Editura Pro Europa, Trgu Mure, 1997, pag. 84
75
of teachers, especially in the
areas populated by persons
minorities;
= If an education subject is not
taught at all levels in the
language of the minorities
living in that area, taking of the
necessary precautions in order
to acknowledge the diplomas
acquired in these languages
following courses abroad;
= Creation of governmental
research agencies for the
revision of the legislation and
t h e s p r e a d i n g o f t h e
information on the equal and
non-discriminatory rights;
= Granting of the technical and
financial assistance to persons
minorities wishing to exercise
the right to fund and maintain
t hei r own i ns t i t ut i ons ,
organizations and education,
c u l t u r e a n d r e l i g i o n
associations;
= Governmental assistance for
the solution of the local
di f f i cul t i es concer ni ng
discriminatory practices (e.g.
the bureau of relations with
citizens);
= Encouragement of the efforts
connected to the basic relations
w i t h i n t h e mi n o r i t y
c o m m u n i t i e s , t h e
n limba minoritilor n aria
locuit de ele, luarea de msuri
necesare pentru a recunoate
diplomele dobndite n aceste
limbi la cursurile de studii n
strintate;
crearea de agenii guverna-
mentale de cercetare pentru
r evi zui r ea l egi sl a i ei i
rspndirea informaiei cu
privire la drepturile egale i
nediscriminatorii;
acordarea asistenei tehnice i
f i na nc i a r e pe r s oa ne l or
naionale care doresc s-i
exercite dreptul de a fonda i a
menine propriile instituii,
organizaii i asociaii de
educaie, cultur i religie;
asisten guvernamental
pentru rezolvarea dificultilor
l ocal e pr i vi nd pr act i ci
discriminatorii (de ex.: biroul
de relaii cu cetenii);
ncurajarea eforturilor legate de
relaiile la nivel de baz din
comuni t i l e mi nori t are,
comunitile, comunitile
minoritare i majoritare, i ntre
comunitile transfrontaliere,
cu scopul de a ajuta prevenirea
tensiunilor locale i rezolvarea
pe cale panic a conflictelor
care ar aprea; i
ncurajarea formrii unor
comisii mixte permanente,
inter-state sau regionale, pentru
=
=
=
=
=
ENG
74
conditions for the promotion of
that identity; any such measures
shall comply with the principles of
equality and non-discrimination
with regard to the other citizens of
1
that participating state .
The above-mentioned Report
enumerates several precautions
that gave positive results in certain
States, among which:
= Consulting institutions with
decisive power in which
minorities may be represented,
mai nl y wi t h r egar d t o
educat i on, cul t ur e, and
religion;
= Elected unions and institutions
of the minorities;
= Bilateral and multilateral
a gr e e me nt s , a nd ot he r
precautions with regard to
= Assuring of certain types and
levels of education in the
maternal language for persons
minorities, according to the
number, geographic location
and cultural traditions of the
national minoritis;
= Financing of the teaching of the
minorities language for the
general public, as well as
including the teaching of the
mi nor i t i es l anguage i n
institutions for the perfection
de egalitate i nediscriminare
privitoare la ceilali ceteni ai
1
respectivului stat participant .
Raportul amintit enumer mai
multe msuri care au dat rezultate
pozitive n unele state, printre care:
instituii consultative i cu
putere de decizie n care
minoritile s fie reprezentate,
n special cu privire la educaie,
cultur i religie;
uniuni i instituii alese ale
minoritilor;
a c o r d u r i b i l a t e r a l e i
multilaterale i alte msuri cu
pr i vi r e l a mi nor i t i l e
naionale;
asigurarea unor tipuri i nivele
de educaie n limba matern
pentru persoanele aparinnd
minoritilor naionale n
conformitate cu numrul,
aezarea geografic i tradiiile
culturale ale minoritilor
naionale;
finanarea predrii limbii
minoritilor pentru publicul
general, ct i includerea
predrii limbilor minoritilor
n instituii de perfecionare a
profesorilor, n special n
r e g i u n i l e p o p u l a t e d e
p e r s o a n e l e a p a r i n n d
n cazul n care o materie nu
este predat la toate nivelurile
=
=
=
=
=
=
ENG
1
Pro Europa Ligue, Romania and the
minorities, Pro Europa Printing House, Trgu
Mure, 1997, pag. 84
1
Liga Pro Europa, Romnia i minoritile,
Editura Pro Europa, Trgu Mure, 1997, pag. 84
76
communities, the minority and
majority communities, and
between the transborder
communities, with the purpose
of helping to prevent local
tensions and peacefully solve
any pos s i bl y emer gi ng
conflicts; and
= Encouraging of the formation
of certain mixed permanent,
i n t e r s t a t e o r r e g i o n a l
commissions, in view of
facilitating the dialogue
between transborder reagions
involved.
Other propositions of the
Report of experts refer to the self-
administration by the national
minorities of the problems
regarding their identity, their local
governing or descentralization
f o r m s , a u t o n o m o u s
administration.
Does the series of precautions
taken into account by the OSCE
experts seem long? Not really. We
must draw attention that the list
above does not refer to maximum
i mp o r t a n c e p r e c a u t i o n s ,
recognized in many of the national
legislations or in international
documents, as well as in public
financing of the media of national
minorities or in the language of
national minorities and the
assurance of using the maternal
language within the justice system.
facilitarea dialogului ntre
regiunile transfronatliere n
cauz.
Alte propuneri ale Raportului
de e xpe r i pr i ve s c a ut o-
administrarea de ctre minoritile
naionale a problemelor privitoare
la identitatea lor, formele de
guvernare locale sau descen-
tralizare, administraia autonom.
Pare cumva lung irul de
msuri luate n considerare de
experii OSCE? Nu chiar. Este de
observat c lista de mai sus nu face
referire la msuri de maxim
importan, recunoscute n multe
dintre legislaiile naionale ori n
documente internaionale, precum
finanarea public a presei
minoritilor naionale ori n limba
asigurarea folosirii limbii materne
n sistemul de justiie. n Romnia
se aplic ntregul ansamblu al
msurilor speciale enumerate n
minoritilor naionale, invocat
mai sus, i unele n plus fa de
acestea.
i pentru c am atins acest
punct, a aduga c paradoxul
cazului romnesc a fost, cel puin
pn la intrarea n vigoare a
Ordonanei nr. 137/2000, faptul c
sistemul msurilor special,
incluznd unele msuri afirmative
ENG
77
In Romania, the entire series of
the special measures enumerated in
the Report of the CSCE meeting of
experts on national minority
problems, invoked above, is
applied, and even other besides
these.
And, as we got to this point, I
would like to add that the paradox
of the Romanian case was, at least
until the enactment of the
Ordinance no. 137/2000, the fact
t hat t he syst em of speci al
precautions, including certain
affirmative precautions in favour
of the national minorities, has
developed more than the system of
anti-discriminatory precautions.
Thi s comment probabl y
suggests the appetite for theory in
the activity of the Helsinki
Committee, as for the area of
national minorities. Or, at least,
what has happened during the last
10 years.
Helsinki Committee: from
the attitude activism to the
concept activism
The Romani an Hel si nki
Committee appeared after a
Helsinki Watch delegation visited
Romania immediately after the
revolution. He got in touch with
2
me , we discussed about the
n favoarea minoritilor naionale
s-a dezvoltat mai mult dect
s i s t e mul ms ur i l or ant i -
discriminatorii.
Acest comentariu sugereaz
poate apetitul pentru teorie n
activitatea Comitetului Helsinki,
n c e p r i v e t e d o me n i u l
minoritilor naionale. Sau cel
puin, ceea ce s-a ntmplat n
ultimii 10 ani.
Comitetul Helsinki: de la
activismul de atitudine la
activismul de concept
Comitetul Helsinki Romn a
aprut dup ce o delegaie a
Helsinki Watch a vizitat Romnia
imediat dup revoluie. A luat
2
legtura cu mine , am discutat
mpreun despre crearea unei
ENG
2
Celestine Bohlen, Ex-Dissidents
Will Monitor Bucharest on Rights, The New York
2
I was on their case list.
76
communities, the minority and
majority communities, and
between the transborder
communities, with the purpose
of helping to prevent local
tensions and peacefully solve
any pos s i bl y emer gi ng
conflicts; and
= Encouraging of the formation
of certain mixed permanent,
i n t e r s t a t e o r r e g i o n a l
commissions, in view of
facilitating the dialogue
between transborder reagions
involved.
Other propositions of the
Report of experts refer to the self-
administration by the national
minorities of the problems
regarding their identity, their local
governing or descentralization
f o r m s , a u t o n o m o u s
administration.
Does the series of precautions
taken into account by the OSCE
experts seem long? Not really. We
must draw attention that the list
above does not refer to maximum
i mp o r t a n c e p r e c a u t i o n s ,
recognized in many of the national
legislations or in international
documents, as well as in public
financing of the media of national
minorities or in the language of
national minorities and the
assurance of using the maternal
language within the justice system.
facilitarea dialogului ntre
regiunile transfronatliere n
cauz.
Alte propuneri ale Raportului
de e xpe r i pr i ve s c a ut o-
administrarea de ctre minoritile
naionale a problemelor privitoare
la identitatea lor, formele de
guvernare locale sau descen-
tralizare, administraia autonom.
Pare cumva lung irul de
msuri luate n considerare de
experii OSCE? Nu chiar. Este de
observat c lista de mai sus nu face
referire la msuri de maxim
importan, recunoscute n multe
dintre legislaiile naionale ori n
documente internaionale, precum
finanarea public a presei
minoritilor naionale ori n limba
asigurarea folosirii limbii materne
n sistemul de justiie. n Romnia
se aplic ntregul ansamblu al
msurilor speciale enumerate n
minoritilor naionale, invocat
mai sus, i unele n plus fa de
acestea.
i pentru c am atins acest
punct, a aduga c paradoxul
cazului romnesc a fost, cel puin
pn la intrarea n vigoare a
Ordonanei nr. 137/2000, faptul c
sistemul msurilor special,
incluznd unele msuri afirmative
ENG
77
In Romania, the entire series of
the special measures enumerated in
the Report of the CSCE meeting of
experts on national minority
problems, invoked above, is
applied, and even other besides
these.
And, as we got to this point, I
would like to add that the paradox
of the Romanian case was, at least
until the enactment of the
Ordinance no. 137/2000, the fact
t hat t he syst em of speci al
precautions, including certain
affirmative precautions in favour
of the national minorities, has
developed more than the system of
anti-discriminatory precautions.
Thi s comment probabl y
suggests the appetite for theory in
the activity of the Helsinki
Committee, as for the area of
national minorities. Or, at least,
what has happened during the last
10 years.
Helsinki Committee: from
the attitude activism to the
concept activism
The Romani an Hel si nki
Committee appeared after a
Helsinki Watch delegation visited
Romania immediately after the
revolution. He got in touch with
2
me , we discussed about the
n favoarea minoritilor naionale
s-a dezvoltat mai mult dect
s i s t e mul ms ur i l or ant i -
discriminatorii.
Acest comentariu sugereaz
poate apetitul pentru teorie n
activitatea Comitetului Helsinki,
n c e p r i v e t e d o me n i u l
minoritilor naionale. Sau cel
puin, ceea ce s-a ntmplat n
ultimii 10 ani.
Comitetul Helsinki: de la
activismul de atitudine la
activismul de concept
Comitetul Helsinki Romn a
aprut dup ce o delegaie a
Helsinki Watch a vizitat Romnia
imediat dup revoluie. A luat
2
legtura cu mine , am discutat
mpreun despre crearea unei
ENG
2
Celestine Bohlen, Ex-Dissidents
Will Monitor Bucharest on Rights, The New York
2
I was on their case list.
79
hatred language addressed to
Hungarians, or towards the anti-
Semite language. However,
although active, the Committee,
just like the quasi-totality of the
organizations of the Romanian
civil societies, had too little
indulgence for the complex
problematic in which it was
involving.
In year 1994, we found out that,
in the case of national minorities, a
t h o r o u g h n o t i o n o f t h e
phenomenon was neede in order to
be able to judge discerningly. It
was then that a meeting organized
by the UDMR and Liga Pro Europa
presidium took place in Tunad
Bi, where Bakk Mikls, Sndor
Balzs, Anna-Maria Bir, Barna
Bod, Pter Eckstein-Kovcs,
Ern Fbin, Istvn Horvth,
Gbor Kolumbn, Gyrgy Nagy,
Smaranda Enache, and, from the
Commi t t ee, Renat e Weber,
Val ent i n St an and I, have
participated. Two reference
documents of the UDMR were
analyzed on that occasion: The
Memorandum addressed to the
European Council and the Law-
Pr oj ect r et ar di ng nat i onal
mi nori t i es and aut onomous
communities.
Once we arrived in Bucharest,
we decided to elaborate a study in
the matter of the law-project
societii civile romneti, avea
prea puin nelegere fa de
complexitatea problematicii n
care se implica.
C n cazul minoritilor
naionale este nevoie de o
cunoatere n profunzime a
fenomenului, pentru a face o
judecat cu discernmnt aveam s
aflm n anul 1994. Atunci a avut
loc, la Tunad Bi, o ntlnire
organizat de prezidiul UDMR i
Liga Pro Europa, unde au
participat Bakk Mikls, Sndor
Smaranda Enache i din partea
Comitetului, Renate Weber,
4
Valentin Stan i cu mine . Au fost
analizate cu acel prilej dou
documente de referin ale
UDMR: Memorandumul adresat
Consiliului Europei i Proiectul de
lege privind minoritile naionale
i comunitile autonome.
Ajuni la Bucureti, am hotrt
s el abor m un st udi u n
chestiunea proiectului de lege
propus de UDMR. Nu aveam n
nici un fel viziunea a ceea ce va iei
de aici. Eforturile de a mpca
perspectivele distincte, de a
acomoda preocuparea fa de
soarta minoritilor cu criteriul
stabilitii statului, n sfrit, de a
ENG
4
ntlnirea s-a desfurat ntre 13 i 15 mai 1994.
78
creation of such an organization,
we have contacted afterwards
persons I considered to be devoted
to the human rights..., eventually, I
announced immediately the
appearance of the Romanian
Helsinki Committee (in The
th
New York Times, 6 of January
3
1990).
The Committee obtained legal
acknowledgement only in April
1990, under t he name of
Association for the Defense of
Human Rights in Romania -
Helsinki Committee (APADOR-
CH). Taking into account that the
age we lived in by that time, and the
fact that we could call it the
mi ner ' s r evol t age, t he
Committee had to involve in lots of
concrete, flagrant cases of
violation of the human rights. In
order to develop the association, I
consider even today that the
adherence to the APADOR-CH of
the lawyer Renate Weber is very
important. She has oriented the
Co mmi t t e e t o wa r d s t h e
development of programs, which
brought him exceptional resources.
As for the question of the
minorities, APADOR-CH adopted
an attitude towards collective
actions against certain Roma
people communities (starting even
f r om year 1990 see t he
Koglniceanu case), towards the
astfel de organizaii, am contactat
dup aceea persoane pe care le
consideram devotate drepturilor
omului..., n sfrit, am anunat
relativ repede apariia Comitetului
Helsinki Romn (n The New
York Times, 6 ianuarie 1990).
C o mi t e t u l a c p t a t
recunoaterea juridic de abia n
aprilie 1990, sub numele Asociaia
pentru Aprarea Drepturilor
Omului n Romnia-Comitetul
Helsinki (APADOR-CH). Avnd
n vedere epoca pe care o triam
atunci, pe care am putea-o numi
epoca mineriadelor, Comitetul a
trebuit s se implice ntr-o mulime
de cazuri concrete, flagrante, de
nclcare a drepturilor omului.
Pentru dezvoltarea asociaiei,
consider i astzi foarte important
aderarea la APADOR-CH a
avocatei Renate Weber. Ea a
o r i e n t a t Co mi t e t u l s p r e
dezvoltarea de programe, ceea ce a
asigurat acestuia resurse de
nesperat pn atunci.
n ce privete chestiunea
minoritilor, APADOR-CH a luat
atitudine fa de aciunile colective
mpotriva unor comuniti de romi
3
(nc din anul 1990 vezi cazul
Koglniceanu), fa de limbajul
urii la adresa maghiarilor sau fa
de limbajul antisemit. ns, dei
a c t i v, Co mi t e t u l , c a i
cvasitotalitatea organizaiilor
ENG
3
Time INTERNATIONAL, Saturday,
January 6, 1999
3
Celestine Bohlen, Ex-Dissidents Will Monitor
Bucharest on Rights, The New York Time
INTERNATIONAL, Saturday, January 6, 1999
79
hatred language addressed to
Hungarians, or towards the anti-
Semite language. However,
although active, the Committee,
just like the quasi-totality of the
organizations of the Romanian
civil societies, had too little
indulgence for the complex
problematic in which it was
involving.
In year 1994, we found out that,
in the case of national minorities, a
t h o r o u g h n o t i o n o f t h e
phenomenon was neede in order to
be able to judge discerningly. It
was then that a meeting organized
by the UDMR and Liga Pro Europa
presidium took place in Tunad
Bi, where Bakk Mikls, Sndor
Smaranda Enache, and, from the
Commi t t ee, Renat e Weber,
Val ent i n St an and I, have
participated. Two reference
documents of the UDMR were
analyzed on that occasion: The
Memorandum addressed to the
European Council and the Law-
Pr oj ect r et ar di ng nat i onal
mi nori t i es and aut onomous
communities.
Once we arrived in Bucharest,
we decided to elaborate a study in
the matter of the law-project
societii civile romneti, avea
prea puin nelegere fa de
complexitatea problematicii n
care se implica.
C n cazul minoritilor
naionale este nevoie de o
cunoatere n profunzime a
fenomenului, pentru a face o
judecat cu discernmnt aveam s
aflm n anul 1994. Atunci a avut
loc, la Tunad Bi, o ntlnire
organizat de prezidiul UDMR i
Liga Pro Europa, unde au
participat Bakk Mikls, Sndor
Smaranda Enache i din partea
Comitetului, Renate Weber,
4
Valentin Stan i cu mine . Au fost
analizate cu acel prilej dou
documente de referin ale
UDMR: Memorandumul adresat
Consiliului Europei i Proiectul de
lege privind minoritile naionale
i comunitile autonome.
Ajuni la Bucureti, am hotrt
s el abor m un st udi u n
chestiunea proiectului de lege
propus de UDMR. Nu aveam n
nici un fel viziunea a ceea ce va iei
de aici. Eforturile de a mpca
perspectivele distincte, de a
acomoda preocuparea fa de
soarta minoritilor cu criteriul
stabilitii statului, n sfrit, de a
ENG
4
ntlnirea s-a desfurat ntre 13 i 15 mai 1994.
78
creation of such an organization,
we have contacted afterwards
persons I considered to be devoted
to the human rights..., eventually, I
announced immediately the
appearance of the Romanian
Helsinki Committee (in The
th
New York Times, 6 of January
3
1990).
The Committee obtained legal
acknowledgement only in April
1990, under t he name of
Association for the Defense of
Human Rights in Romania -
Helsinki Committee (APADOR-
CH). Taking into account that the
age we lived in by that time, and the
fact that we could call it the
mi ner ' s r evol t age, t he
Committee had to involve in lots of
concrete, flagrant cases of
violation of the human rights. In
order to develop the association, I
consider even today that the
adherence to the APADOR-CH of
the lawyer Renate Weber is very
important. She has oriented the
Co mmi t t e e t o wa r d s t h e
development of programs, which
brought him exceptional resources.
As for the question of the
minorities, APADOR-CH adopted
an attitude towards collective
actions against certain Roma
people communities (starting even
f r om year 1990 see t he
Koglniceanu case), towards the
astfel de organizaii, am contactat
dup aceea persoane pe care le
consideram devotate drepturilor
omului..., n sfrit, am anunat
relativ repede apariia Comitetului
Helsinki Romn (n The New
York Times, 6 ianuarie 1990).
C o mi t e t u l a c p t a t
recunoaterea juridic de abia n
aprilie 1990, sub numele Asociaia
pentru Aprarea Drepturilor
Omului n Romnia-Comitetul
Helsinki (APADOR-CH). Avnd
n vedere epoca pe care o triam
atunci, pe care am putea-o numi
epoca mineriadelor, Comitetul a
trebuit s se implice ntr-o mulime
de cazuri concrete, flagrante, de
nclcare a drepturilor omului.
Pentru dezvoltarea asociaiei,
consider i astzi foarte important
aderarea la APADOR-CH a
avocatei Renate Weber. Ea a
o r i e n t a t Co mi t e t u l s p r e
dezvoltarea de programe, ceea ce a
asigurat acestuia resurse de
nesperat pn atunci.
n ce privete chestiunea
minoritilor, APADOR-CH a luat
atitudine fa de aciunile colective
mpotriva unor comuniti de romi
3
(nc din anul 1990 vezi cazul
Koglniceanu), fa de limbajul
urii la adresa maghiarilor sau fa
de limbajul antisemit. ns, dei
a c t i v, Co mi t e t u l , c a i
cvasitotalitatea organizaiilor
ENG
3
Time INTERNATIONAL, Saturday,
January 6, 1999
3
Celestine Bohlen, Ex-Dissidents Will Monitor
Bucharest on Rights, The New York Time
INTERNATIONAL, Saturday, January 6, 1999
80
suggested by the UDMR. We had
no idea of what was to result of this.
The efforts of conciliating the
d i s t i n c t p e r s p e c t i v e s , o f
accommodating the interest in the
situation of the minorities with the
criterium of the stability of the
State, and, lastly, of passing for the
first time as systematically through
the specialty literature, represented
a unique experience. The research
took us three months.
Thi s i s how t he st udy
UDMR's conception on the rights
of the national minorities was
published under the aegis of
APADOR-CH. After another three
months, I published, under the
signature of Renate Weber, of
Valentin Stan and mine, a law-
project regarding the rights of the
national minorities. This remained
the onlu alternative project of some
Romanian authors.
But let's discuss about the
study of the UDMR conception. It
appeared in a period when
APADOR-CH had established an
important relationship with the
Council for National Minorities
(CMN). Created in 1993, the CMN
was under the direct authority of
the General Secretary of the
Government. The leader of the
institution, Mr. Ivan Truer, was a
very close friend of the general
secretary of the Government, Mr.
trece, pentru prima oar att de
sistematic prin literatura de
specialitate au constituit o
experien unic. Cercetarea ne-a
luat trei luni de zile.
Aa a fost publicat sub egida
APADOR-CH studiul Concepia
UDMR privitoare la drepturile
minoritilor naionale. Dup nc
trei luni am publicat sub semntura
lui Renate Weber, a lui Valentin
Stan i a mea un proiect de lege
privind drepturile minoritilor
naionale. A rmas singurul proiect
alternativ al unor autori romni.
Dar s rmnem la studiul
privitor la concepia UDMR. El a
aprut ntr-o perioad cnd
APADOR-CH stabilise o relaie
semnificativ cu Consiliul pentru
Minoritile Naionale (CMN).
Creat n 1993, CNM se afla sub
autoritatea direct a Secretarului
general al Guvernului. Liderul
instituiei, Ivan Truer , era un
apropiat al secretarului general al
Guvernului, Viorel Hrebenciuc.
Relaia despre care amintesc avea
ca explicaie i prezena n
Romnia, din ce n ce mai
frecvent, a naltului Comisar
Naionale, Max van der Stool.
Drumurile naltului Comisar erau
motivate de criza relaiilor dintre
Guve r n i r e pr e z e nt a n i i
maghiarimii. n acest context, n
care fiecare cuta surse de
ENG
81
Viorel Hrebenciuc.
The relationship I am talking
about had as an additional
explanation the more and more
frequent presence in Romania of
the High Commissary for the
Protection of National Minorities,
Mr. Max van der Stoel. The visits
of the High Commissary were
motivated by the crisis of the
relations between the Government
and t he represent at i ves of
Hungarians. In this context, in
which everyone looked for the
legitimation of their own sources,
generally contrasting with that of
the others, a brigde was needed.
The UDMR was betting on the
attitude of the Helsinki Committee,
the Government wanted to
demonstrate it was open for
dialogue, the High Commissar had
to prevent the degradation of
interethnic relations, so that
APADOR-CH was seen, at that
time, as a useful actor. Therefore, I
participated in many of the internal
and i nt ernat i onal meet i ngs
organized by the CMN. The access
to the practice of governmental
structures was indisputably useful
to me (to us) for the definition of
the strategies capable to influence
the situation of national minorities.
legitimare a propriilor poziii, n
general contrastante cu a celorlali,
se simea nevoia unor puni de
l egt ur . UDMR mi za pe
atitudinea Comitetului Helsinki,
Guvernul dorea s demonstreze c
e deschis dialogului, naltul
Comisar trebuia s previn
degradarea relaiilor interetnice,
aa c APADOR-CH a fost vzut,
n acel moment, ca actor util. Am
participat, drept urmare, la multe
di n nt r uni r i l e i nt er ne i
internaionale organizate de CMN.
Accesul la practica structurilor
guvernamentale mi-a fost (ne-a
fost) fr doar i poate util pentru
definirea strategiilor capabile s
influeneze situaia minoritilor
naionale.
ENG
5
n romn i englez
80
suggested by the UDMR. We had
no idea of what was to result of this.
The efforts of conciliating the
d i s t i n c t p e r s p e c t i v e s , o f
accommodating the interest in the
situation of the minorities with the
criterium of the stability of the
State, and, lastly, of passing for the
first time as systematically through
the specialty literature, represented
a unique experience. The research
took us three months.
Thi s i s how t he st udy
UDMR's conception on the rights
of the national minorities was
published under the aegis of
APADOR-CH. After another three
months, I published, under the
signature of Renate Weber, of
Valentin Stan and mine, a law-
project regarding the rights of the
national minorities. This remained
the onlu alternative project of some
Romanian authors.
But let's discuss about the
study of the UDMR conception. It
appeared in a period when
APADOR-CH had established an
important relationship with the
Council for National Minorities
(CMN). Created in 1993, the CMN
was under the direct authority of
the General Secretary of the
Government. The leader of the
institution, Mr. Ivan Truer, was a
very close friend of the general
secretary of the Government, Mr.
trece, pentru prima oar att de
sistematic prin literatura de
specialitate au constituit o
experien unic. Cercetarea ne-a
luat trei luni de zile.
Aa a fost publicat sub egida
APADOR-CH studiul Concepia
UDMR privitoare la drepturile
minoritilor naionale. Dup nc
trei luni am publicat sub semntura
lui Renate Weber, a lui Valentin
Stan i a mea un proiect de lege
privind drepturile minoritilor
naionale. A rmas singurul proiect
alternativ al unor autori romni.
Dar s rmnem la studiul
privitor la concepia UDMR. El a
aprut ntr-o perioad cnd
APADOR-CH stabilise o relaie
semnificativ cu Consiliul pentru
Minoritile Naionale (CMN).
Creat n 1993, CNM se afla sub
autoritatea direct a Secretarului
general al Guvernului. Liderul
instituiei, Ivan Truer , era un
apropiat al secretarului general al
Guvernului, Viorel Hrebenciuc.
Relaia despre care amintesc avea
ca explicaie i prezena n
Romnia, din ce n ce mai
frecvent, a naltului Comisar
Naionale, Max van der Stool.
Drumurile naltului Comisar erau
motivate de criza relaiilor dintre
Guve r n i r e pr e z e nt a n i i
maghiarimii. n acest context, n
care fiecare cuta surse de
ENG
81
Viorel Hrebenciuc.
The relationship I am talking
about had as an additional
explanation the more and more
frequent presence in Romania of
the High Commissary for the
Protection of National Minorities,
Mr. Max van der Stoel. The visits
of the High Commissary were
motivated by the crisis of the
relations between the Government
and t he represent at i ves of
Hungarians. In this context, in
which everyone looked for the
legitimation of their own sources,
generally contrasting with that of
the others, a brigde was needed.
The UDMR was betting on the
attitude of the Helsinki Committee,
the Government wanted to
demonstrate it was open for
dialogue, the High Commissar had
to prevent the degradation of
interethnic relations, so that
APADOR-CH was seen, at that
time, as a useful actor. Therefore, I
participated in many of the internal
and i nt ernat i onal meet i ngs
organized by the CMN. The access
to the practice of governmental
structures was indisputably useful
to me (to us) for the definition of
the strategies capable to influence
the situation of national minorities.
legitimare a propriilor poziii, n
general contrastante cu a celorlali,
se simea nevoia unor puni de
l egt ur . UDMR mi za pe
atitudinea Comitetului Helsinki,
Guvernul dorea s demonstreze c
e deschis dialogului, naltul
Comisar trebuia s previn
degradarea relaiilor interetnice,
aa c APADOR-CH a fost vzut,
n acel moment, ca actor util. Am
participat, drept urmare, la multe
di n nt r uni r i l e i nt er ne i
internaionale organizate de CMN.
Accesul la practica structurilor
guvernamentale mi-a fost (ne-a
fost) fr doar i poate util pentru
definirea strategiilor capabile s
influeneze situaia minoritilor
naionale.
ENG
5
n romn i englez
83
In spite of all variations, that
made that nobody was to pe
entirely happy, the study had a
surprising carrier. The Council for
National Minorities spreaded the
UDMR Conception in hundreds
of copies. In May 1995, the Pro
Minoritate foundation, of the
FIDESZ, the foundation Friederich
Naumann and the Pro-Europa
Ligue have developed an entire
seminar at Gyula (Ungaria),
dedicated to the study published
under the aegis of APADOR-CH.
Th e UDMR c o n c e p t i o n
concerning the righst of national
minorities had been translated in
Hungarian too, and the FIDESZ
Vice-President, Mr. Zsolt Nmeth,
presented it as the most important
test emerging in Romania appeared
in the matter of minorities after
1940....!.
The study welcomed so
warmly was still far from being
perfect. Renate Weber and I, have
criticised it in May 1995, the IV-th
Congress of the UDMR had
redefined the ideologic and
conceptual options, but also the
practical stratefies of the UDMR
for the next years. The new study,
"Evol ut i on of t he UDMR
conception concerning the rights of
the Hungarian minority" made the
necessary corrections on the above
text. Howerver, the publication
rspndit Concepia UDMR n
sute de exemplare. n luna mai
1995, fundaia Pro Minoritate, a
FIDESZ-ului, fundaia Friederich
Naumann i Liga Pro-Europa au
organizat un ntreg seminar la
Gyula (Ungaria) dedicat studiului
publicat sub egida APADOR-CH.
Concep i a UDMR pri vi nd
drepturile minoritilor naionale
fusese tradus i n limba maghiar,
iar vice-preedintele FIDESZ,
Zsolt Nmeth, l prezenta ca cel
mai important text aprut n
Romnia n problema minoritilor
dup 1940....!.
Studiul primit cu atta interes
era totui departe de a fi perfect. O
critic i-am adus chiar Renate
Weber cu mine, dup ce n luna mai
1995, Congresul al IV-lea al
UDMR redefinise opiunile
ideologice i conceptuale, dar i
strategiile practice ale UDMR
pentru urmtorii ani. Noul studiu,
"Evoluia concepiei UDMR
privind drepturile minoritii
maghiare"a fcut corecturile de
rigoare asupra textului anterior.
Tot ui , apari i a sub egi da
APADOR- CH a s t udi ul ui
planificat la Tunad a avut un rol
important. El a atins standardele
teoretice de care societatea civil
avea absolut nevoie ca s trateze
p r o b l e me l e d e f o n d a l e
minoritilor din Romnia.
ENG
82
Study
"The UDMR conception on the
rights of national minorities ", the
study we talked about, was
submitted to embassies, to some
associations and institutions that
had requested it and, of course, to
the UDMR. The analysis of the
law-project launched by the Union
had been made by taking into
account three criteria: (a) of the
rights invoked by the UDMR,
which observed international
standards; (b) of the requests that,
consi deri ng t he i nt ernat i on
standards as minimal, were
requesting rights comparable to the
situation of the minorities of other
c ount r i e s , but wi t hout a
correspondent in the Romanian
political life; (c) of the rights
funded by the idea of autonomous
communities: the right to internal
s el f - det er mi nat i on of t he
autonomous community, personal,
local and regional autonomy of the
mi nor i t i es, consi der i ng of
minorities as a political subject and
public right.
The study supported the first
category of rights, requested
individual interpretation of the
second category abd criticised the
concepts of the third category, in
fact the "essence" of the Hungarian
law.
Studiul
"Concepia UDMR privind
d r e p t u r i l e mi n o r i t i l o r
5
naionale" , studiul despre care am
amintit a fost trimis ambasadelor,
unor asociaii i instituii care-l
ceruser i desigur, UDMR-ului.
Analiza proiectului de lege lansat
de ctre Uniune fusese fcut
ghidndu-ne dup trei criterii: (a) a
drepturilor invocate de UDMR
care se ncadrau n standardele
internaionale; (b) a cererilor care,
c o n s i d e r n d s t a n d a r d e l e
internaionale ca minime, solicitau
drepturi comparative cu situaia
minori-tilor din alte ri, dar fr
un corespondent n voina politic
romneasc; (c) a drepturilor
fondate pe ideea comunitilor
autonome: dreptul la auto-
determinare intern a comunitii
autonome, autonomia personal,
local i regional a minoritilor,
considerarea minoritilor ca
subiect politic i de drept public.
St udi ul s us i nea pr i ma
categorie de drepturi, cerea tratarea
caz cu caz a celei de-a dou i
critica conceptele celei de-a treia
categorii, de fapt "esena" legii
maghiare.
n ciuda tuturor nuanrilor,
care fcea ca nimeni s fie pe
deplin mulumit, studiul a fcut o
surprinztoare carier. Consiliul
pentru Minoritile Naionale a
ENG
83
In spite of all variations, that
made that nobody was to pe
entirely happy, the study had a
surprising carrier. The Council for
National Minorities spreaded the
UDMR Conception in hundreds
of copies. In May 1995, the Pro
Minoritate foundation, of the
FIDESZ, the foundation Friederich
Naumann and the Pro-Europa
Ligue have developed an entire
seminar at Gyula (Ungaria),
dedicated to the study published
under the aegis of APADOR-CH.
Th e UDMR c o n c e p t i o n
concerning the righst of national
minorities had been translated in
Hungarian too, and the FIDESZ
Vice-President, Mr. Zsolt Nmeth,
presented it as the most important
test emerging in Romania appeared
in the matter of minorities after
1940....!.
The study welcomed so
warmly was still far from being
perfect. Renate Weber and I, have
criticised it in May 1995, the IV-th
Congress of the UDMR had
redefined the ideologic and
conceptual options, but also the
practical stratefies of the UDMR
for the next years. The new study,
"Evol ut i on of t he UDMR
conception concerning the rights of
the Hungarian minority" made the
necessary corrections on the above
text. Howerver, the publication
rspndit Concepia UDMR n
sute de exemplare. n luna mai
1995, fundaia Pro Minoritate, a
FIDESZ-ului, fundaia Friederich
Naumann i Liga Pro-Europa au
organizat un ntreg seminar la
Gyula (Ungaria) dedicat studiului
publicat sub egida APADOR-CH.
Concep i a UDMR pri vi nd
drepturile minoritilor naionale
fusese tradus i n limba maghiar,
iar vice-preedintele FIDESZ,
Zsolt Nmeth, l prezenta ca cel
mai important text aprut n
Romnia n problema minoritilor
dup 1940....!.
Studiul primit cu atta interes
era totui departe de a fi perfect. O
critic i-am adus chiar Renate
Weber cu mine, dup ce n luna mai
1995, Congresul al IV-lea al
UDMR redefinise opiunile
ideologice i conceptuale, dar i
strategiile practice ale UDMR
pentru urmtorii ani. Noul studiu,
"Evoluia concepiei UDMR
privind drepturile minoritii
maghiare"a fcut corecturile de
rigoare asupra textului anterior.
Tot ui , apari i a sub egi da
APADOR- CH a s t udi ul ui
planificat la Tunad a avut un rol
important. El a atins standardele
teoretice de care societatea civil
avea absolut nevoie ca s trateze
p r o b l e me l e d e f o n d a l e
minoritilor din Romnia.
ENG
82
Study
"The UDMR conception on the
rights of national minorities ", the
study we talked about, was
submitted to embassies, to some
associations and institutions that
had requested it and, of course, to
the UDMR. The analysis of the
law-project launched by the Union
had been made by taking into
account three criteria: (a) of the
rights invoked by the UDMR,
which observed international
standards; (b) of the requests that,
consi deri ng t he i nt ernat i on
standards as minimal, were
requesting rights comparable to the
situation of the minorities of other
c ount r i e s , but wi t hout a
correspondent in the Romanian
political life; (c) of the rights
funded by the idea of autonomous
communities: the right to internal
s el f - det er mi nat i on of t he
autonomous community, personal,
local and regional autonomy of the
mi nor i t i es, consi der i ng of
minorities as a political subject and
public right.
The study supported the first
category of rights, requested
individual interpretation of the
second category abd criticised the
concepts of the third category, in
fact the "essence" of the Hungarian
law.
Studiul
"Concepia UDMR privind
d r e p t u r i l e mi n o r i t i l o r
5
naionale" , studiul despre care am
amintit a fost trimis ambasadelor,
unor asociaii i instituii care-l
ceruser i desigur, UDMR-ului.
Analiza proiectului de lege lansat
de ctre Uniune fusese fcut
ghidndu-ne dup trei criterii: (a) a
drepturilor invocate de UDMR
care se ncadrau n standardele
internaionale; (b) a cererilor care,
c o n s i d e r n d s t a n d a r d e l e
internaionale ca minime, solicitau
drepturi comparative cu situaia
minori-tilor din alte ri, dar fr
un corespondent n voina politic
romneasc; (c) a drepturilor
fondate pe ideea comunitilor
autonome: dreptul la auto-
determinare intern a comunitii
autonome, autonomia personal,
local i regional a minoritilor,
considerarea minoritilor ca
subiect politic i de drept public.
St udi ul s us i nea pr i ma
categorie de drepturi, cerea tratarea
caz cu caz a celei de-a dou i
critica conceptele celei de-a treia
categorii, de fapt "esena" legii
maghiare.
n ciuda tuturor nuanrilor,
care fcea ca nimeni s fie pe
deplin mulumit, studiul a fcut o
surprinztoare carier. Consiliul
pentru Minoritile Naionale a
ENG
85
USA, under the aegis of the ex-
president, Jimmy Carter. Besides a
delegation of the Romanian
parties (Viorel Hrebenciuc,
ge ne r a l s e c r e t a r y of t he
Government; Traian Chebeleu, the
President's spokesman; Ovidiu
incai, counsellor of Adrian
Nstase, Liviu Maior, minister of
Education; Nicolae ran, Vice-
President of the Civil Alliance
Party), of the UDMR (president
Bla Mark; honorific president
Lszl Tks; the executive
president Csaba Takcs; leader of
the e UDMR parliamentary group,
Gyrgy Tokay; the senators
Gyrgy Frunda and Jzsef Csap;
the representative of the universal
community, rpd Kelemen) I was
invited, by invking my position
within the Helsinki Committee,
and I. The organizers of the
meeting Of Atlanta, first of all
Allen Kassof and Livia Plaks, have
done a tour de force in their own
way. This explains maybe why
year 1995 was only a year of a
vocal Romanian-Hungarian crisis,
not of a destabilising crisis for the
Romanian democracy.
Here I referred to PER as it
deserves, I believe, to be placed in
t he account i ng r ecor ds of
unconventional records upon the
evolution of the situation of the
rights of national minorities of
Romania. But what remains the
(Viorel Hrebenciuc, secretar
general al Guvernului; Traian
Chebeleu, purttorul de cuvnt al
Preedintelui; Ovidiu incai,
consilierul lui Adrian Nstase,
L i v i u Ma i o r , mi n i s t r u l
nvmntului; Nicolae ran,
vice-preedinte al Partidului
Alianei Civice), a UDMR
( pr eedi nt el e Bl a Mar k;
preedintele de onoare Lszl
Tks; preedintele executiv
Csaba Takcs; liderul grupului
parlamentar UDMR, Gyrgy
Tokay; senatorii Gyrgy Frunda i
Jzsef Csap; reprezentantul
comunitii universitare, rpd
Kel emen) am fost i nvi t at ,
invocndu-se poziia mea n
Comi t et ul Hel si nki , i eu.
Organizatorii ntlnirii de la
Atlanta, n primul rnd Allen
Kassof i Livia Plaks, au realizat n
felul lor un tur de for. Aceasta
explic poate de ce anul 1995 a fost
doar anul unei crize romno-
maghiare vocale, nu i al unei crize
destabilizatoare pentru democraia
romneasc.
M-am referit aici la PER
ntruct merit, cred, s fie pus n
eviden contribuia unor actori
neconvenionali la evoluia
situaiei drepturilor minoritilor
naionale din Romnia. Ceea ce
rmne ns cel mai important,
dup opinia mea, pentru perioada
ENG
84
under the aegis of APADOR-CH of
the study planned for Tunad had
an important role to play. It reached
the theoretic standards that the civil
society absolutely needed in order
to treat the backgrorund problems
of the Romanian minorities.
The practical activism
needs conceptual
standards
The capital obtainede by
APADOR-CH following the
narration, explins the implication
of the Helsinki Committee in other
eventas that concurred to the
evolution of the statute of
minorities in Romania. APADOR-
CH intersected itself with the
pr oj ect s of t he Amer i can
organization - Project on Ethnic
Relations (PER), which had, in
time, a very sophisticated strategy
towards the Romanian-Hungarian
relations, with stage both on the
i nt ernal beat s, and on t he
international ones. Project on
Ethnic Relations was involved in
the mediation between yhe UDMR
and the Romanian Government
right from the beginning of years
'90.
Other mediation was initiated in
one of the hottest moments of the
Romanian-Hungarian relations, in
1995. It took place in Atlanta,
Activismul practic are
nevoie de standarde
conceptuale
Capitalul obinut de APADOR-
CH n urma celor povestite explic
implicarea Comitetului Helsinki n
alte evenimente care au concurat la
evoluia statutului minoritilor n
Romnia. APADOR-CH s-a
i nt e r s e c t a t c u pr oi e c t e l e
organizaiei americane Project for
Ethnic Relations (PER), care a
avut, de-a lungul anilor, o strategie
foarte sofisticat fa de relaiile
romno-maghiare, cu miz att n
btliile interne, ct i n cele
internaionale. Project for Ethnic
Relations a fost implicat n
medi erea di nt re UDMR i
guvernul Romniei nc de la
nceputul anilor '90. O alt mediere
a fost iniiat ntr-unul dintre
momentele cele mai fierbini ale
relaiilor romno-maghiare, n
1995. Ea s-a desfurat la Atlanta,
sub egida fostului preedinte
Jimmy Carter. Alturi de o
delegaie a partidelor romneti
ENG
85
USA, under the aegis of the ex-
president, Jimmy Carter. Besides a
delegation of the Romanian
parties (Viorel Hrebenciuc,
ge ne r a l s e c r e t a r y of t he
Government; Traian Chebeleu, the
President's spokesman; Ovidiu
incai, counsellor of Adrian
Nstase, Liviu Maior, minister of
Education; Nicolae ran, Vice-
President of the Civil Alliance
Party), of the UDMR (president
Bla Mark; honorific president
Lszl Tks; the executive
president Csaba Takcs; leader of
the e UDMR parliamentary group,
Gyrgy Tokay; the senators
Gyrgy Frunda and Jzsef Csap;
the representative of the universal
community, rpd Kelemen) I was
invited, by invking my position
within the Helsinki Committee,
and I. The organizers of the
meeting Of Atlanta, first of all
Allen Kassof and Livia Plaks, have
done a tour de force in their own
way. This explains maybe why
year 1995 was only a year of a
vocal Romanian-Hungarian crisis,
not of a destabilising crisis for the
Romanian democracy.
Here I referred to PER as it
deserves, I believe, to be placed in
t he account i ng r ecor ds of
unconventional records upon the
evolution of the situation of the
rights of national minorities of
Romania. But what remains the
(Viorel Hrebenciuc, secretar
general al Guvernului; Traian
Chebeleu, purttorul de cuvnt al
Preedintelui; Ovidiu incai,
consilierul lui Adrian Nstase,
L i v i u Ma i o r , mi n i s t r u l
nvmntului; Nicolae ran,
vice-preedinte al Partidului
Alianei Civice), a UDMR
( pr eedi nt el e Bl a Mar k;
preedintele de onoare Lszl
Tks; preedintele executiv
Csaba Takcs; liderul grupului
parlamentar UDMR, Gyrgy
Tokay; senatorii Gyrgy Frunda i
Jzsef Csap; reprezentantul
comunitii universitare, rpd
Kel emen) am fost i nvi t at ,
invocndu-se poziia mea n
Comi t et ul Hel si nki , i eu.
Organizatorii ntlnirii de la
Atlanta, n primul rnd Allen
Kassof i Livia Plaks, au realizat n
felul lor un tur de for. Aceasta
explic poate de ce anul 1995 a fost
doar anul unei crize romno-
maghiare vocale, nu i al unei crize
destabilizatoare pentru democraia
romneasc.
M-am referit aici la PER
ntruct merit, cred, s fie pus n
eviden contribuia unor actori
neconvenionali la evoluia
situaiei drepturilor minoritilor
naionale din Romnia. Ceea ce
rmne ns cel mai important,
dup opinia mea, pentru perioada
ENG
84
under the aegis of APADOR-CH of
the study planned for Tunad had
an important role to play. It reached
the theoretic standards that the civil
society absolutely needed in order
to treat the backgrorund problems
of the Romanian minorities.
The practical activism
needs conceptual
standards
The capital obtainede by
APADOR-CH following the
narration, explins the implication
of the Helsinki Committee in other
eventas that concurred to the
evolution of the statute of
minorities in Romania. APADOR-
CH intersected itself with the
pr oj ect s of t he Amer i can
organization - Project on Ethnic
Relations (PER), which had, in
time, a very sophisticated strategy
towards the Romanian-Hungarian
relations, with stage both on the
i nt ernal beat s, and on t he
international ones. Project on
Ethnic Relations was involved in
the mediation between yhe UDMR
and the Romanian Government
right from the beginning of years
'90.
Other mediation was initiated in
one of the hottest moments of the
Romanian-Hungarian relations, in
1995. It took place in Atlanta,
Activismul practic are
nevoie de standarde
conceptuale
Capitalul obinut de APADOR-
CH n urma celor povestite explic
implicarea Comitetului Helsinki n
alte evenimente care au concurat la
evoluia statutului minoritilor n
Romnia. APADOR-CH s-a
i nt e r s e c t a t c u pr oi e c t e l e
organizaiei americane Project for
Ethnic Relations (PER), care a
avut, de-a lungul anilor, o strategie
foarte sofisticat fa de relaiile
romno-maghiare, cu miz att n
btliile interne, ct i n cele
internaionale. Project for Ethnic
Relations a fost implicat n
medi erea di nt re UDMR i
guvernul Romniei nc de la
nceputul anilor '90. O alt mediere
a fost iniiat ntr-unul dintre
momentele cele mai fierbini ale
relaiilor romno-maghiare, n
1995. Ea s-a desfurat la Atlanta,
sub egida fostului preedinte
Jimmy Carter. Alturi de o
delegaie a partidelor romneti
ENG
87
confirm the description above.
The Helsinki Committee had to
do some eff or t of publ i c
conviction, starting with year
1998, when the theme of re-
founding the Bolyai University
created a major crisis within the
governmental alliance of that
period (UDMR-CDR-PD). The
campaign created by organizations
such as the Romanian National
Civic Forum (obscure until then),
accepted by 48 universities, of the
Romanian Society of Fundamental
Sciences (another unknown
entity), embraced To position of
the Ministry of National Education
(wich, evidently, had organized the
vocal action). The statement of the
above mentioned organizations
that the Romanian State no longer
has moral or material interests to
form specialists of Hungarian
language in the faculty, was
mediocre as an idea and insulting
as an attitude. This is one of the
reasons for which the UDMR had
threatened to quit governing. The
crisis was coped with after several
political efforts. But what was left
after its development was not just
any aspect. The conception
launched at that time by APADOR-
CH, concerning the possibility of a
higher education institution in
Hungarian language to function
should count indefinitely.
depun un oarecare efort de
convingere public, ncepnd cu
anul 1998, cnd tema renfiinrii
Universitii Bolyai a creat o criz
n cadrul coaliiei guvernamentale
de atunci (UDMR-CDR-PD).
Campania creat de organizaii
precum Forumul Civic Naional
Romn (obscur pn atunci),
mbriat de 48 de universiti, a
Societii Romne de tiine
F u n d a m e n t a l e ( o a l t
necunoscut), mbria poziia
Ministerului Educaiei Naionale
(care evident, organizase vocala
aciune). Susinerea organizaiilor
amintite, c statul romn nu are
nici un interes, moral ori material,
s scoat pe poarta facultilor
specialiti de limb maghiar era
mediocr n idee i jignitoare n
atitudine. Este unul din motivele
pentru care UDMR ameninase cu
ieirea de la guvernare. Criza a fost
depit dup mai multe eforturi
politice. Dar ce rmnea dup
desfurarea ei nu era un aspect
oarecare. Concepia pe care a
lansat-o atunci APADOR-CH, cu
privire posibilitatea funcionrii
unei instituii de nvmnt
superior n limba maghiar ar
trebui s conteze indefinit.
Prima observaie era c, n
spiritul Pactului internaional cu
privire la drepturile civile i
politice, dreptul maghiarilor de a
ENG
86
most important, in my opinion, for
the period of involvement of
APADOR-CH in the theoretical
research in the field of national
m i n o r i t i e s w a s t h e
accomplishment of discernment
necessary in treating critical
situations of the evolution of
Romanian-Hungarian reports.
Discernment in treating the
problematic of minorities
Today I believe that the main
requirement of implication in the
interethnic relations is the
discernment requirement. Almost
not hi ng i s pr edet er mi ned
theoretically in treating a situation
or another referring to a norm or
policy dedicated to minoritties.
The general principles must be
appl i ed dependi ng on t he
specificity of the situation. The
dominating feeling that a certain
measure is correct for everyone
must be motivated with the
concept ual argument s and
according to the political context.
That is why I would say that
discernment, in the problematic of
minorities, involves both the
idealism of the attitude, and the
theoretical accuracy. All the
experience of APADOR-CH at the
end of years '90 seems to me to
de implicare a APADOR-CH n
cercetarea teoretic din domeniul
minoritilor naionale a fost
realizarea unui discernmnt
necesar n tratarea situaiilor critice
din evoluia raporturilor romno-
maghiare.
Discernmntul n tratarea
problematicii minoritilor
Astzi, cred c principala
cerin a implicrii n raporturile
interetnice este aceea a discer-
nmntului. Aproape nimic nu este
predeterminat teoretic n tratarea
unei situaii sau a alteia care
privete o norm sau o politic
dedicate minoritilor. Principiile
generale trebuie aplicate n raport
cu specificul situaiei. Sentimentul
dominant, c o anumit msur
este just pentru toi trebuie
motivat cu argumente conceptuale
i adecvat conctextului politic. Iat
de ce a spune c discernmntul n
pr obl emat i ca mi nor i t i l or
pr e s upune a t t i de a l i s mul
atitudinii, ct i acurateea
t eoret i c. Toat experi en a
APADOR-CH de la sfritul anilor
'90 mi pare a confirma descrierea
de mai sus.
Comitetul Helsinki a trebuit s
ENG
87
confirm the description above.
The Helsinki Committee had to
do some eff or t of publ i c
conviction, starting with year
1998, when the theme of re-
founding the Bolyai University
created a major crisis within the
governmental alliance of that
period (UDMR-CDR-PD). The
campaign created by organizations
such as the Romanian National
Civic Forum (obscure until then),
accepted by 48 universities, of the
Romanian Society of Fundamental
Sciences (another unknown
entity), embraced To position of
the Ministry of National Education
(wich, evidently, had organized the
vocal action). The statement of the
above mentioned organizations
that the Romanian State no longer
has moral or material interests to
form specialists of Hungarian
language in the faculty, was
mediocre as an idea and insulting
as an attitude. This is one of the
reasons for which the UDMR had
threatened to quit governing. The
crisis was coped with after several
political efforts. But what was left
after its development was not just
any aspect. The conception
launched at that time by APADOR-
CH, concerning the possibility of a
higher education institution in
Hungarian language to function
should count indefinitely.
depun un oarecare efort de
convingere public, ncepnd cu
anul 1998, cnd tema renfiinrii
Universitii Bolyai a creat o criz
n cadrul coaliiei guvernamentale
de atunci (UDMR-CDR-PD).
Campania creat de organizaii
precum Forumul Civic Naional
Romn (obscur pn atunci),
mbriat de 48 de universiti, a
Societii Romne de tiine
F u n d a m e n t a l e ( o a l t
necunoscut), mbria poziia
Ministerului Educaiei Naionale
(care evident, organizase vocala
aciune). Susinerea organizaiilor
amintite, c statul romn nu are
nici un interes, moral ori material,
s scoat pe poarta facultilor
specialiti de limb maghiar era
mediocr n idee i jignitoare n
atitudine. Este unul din motivele
pentru care UDMR ameninase cu
ieirea de la guvernare. Criza a fost
depit dup mai multe eforturi
politice. Dar ce rmnea dup
desfurarea ei nu era un aspect
oarecare. Concepia pe care a
lansat-o atunci APADOR-CH, cu
privire posibilitatea funcionrii
unei instituii de nvmnt
superior n limba maghiar ar
trebui s conteze indefinit.
Prima observaie era c, n
spiritul Pactului internaional cu
privire la drepturile civile i
politice, dreptul maghiarilor de a
ENG
86
most important, in my opinion, for
the period of involvement of
APADOR-CH in the theoretical
research in the field of national
m i n o r i t i e s w a s t h e
accomplishment of discernment
necessary in treating critical
situations of the evolution of
Romanian-Hungarian reports.
Discernment in treating the
problematic of minorities
Today I believe that the main
requirement of implication in the
interethnic relations is the
discernment requirement. Almost
not hi ng i s pr edet er mi ned
theoretically in treating a situation
or another referring to a norm or
policy dedicated to minoritties.
The general principles must be
appl i ed dependi ng on t he
specificity of the situation. The
dominating feeling that a certain
measure is correct for everyone
must be motivated with the
concept ual argument s and
according to the political context.
That is why I would say that
discernment, in the problematic of
minorities, involves both the
idealism of the attitude, and the
theoretical accuracy. All the
experience of APADOR-CH at the
end of years '90 seems to me to
de implicare a APADOR-CH n
cercetarea teoretic din domeniul
minoritilor naionale a fost
realizarea unui discernmnt
necesar n tratarea situaiilor critice
din evoluia raporturilor romno-
maghiare.
Discernmntul n tratarea
problematicii minoritilor
Astzi, cred c principala
cerin a implicrii n raporturile
interetnice este aceea a discer-
nmntului. Aproape nimic nu este
predeterminat teoretic n tratarea
unei situaii sau a alteia care
privete o norm sau o politic
dedicate minoritilor. Principiile
generale trebuie aplicate n raport
cu specificul situaiei. Sentimentul
dominant, c o anumit msur
este just pentru toi trebuie
motivat cu argumente conceptuale
i adecvat conctextului politic. Iat
de ce a spune c discernmntul n
pr obl emat i ca mi nor i t i l or
pr e s upune a t t i de a l i s mul
atitudinii, ct i acurateea
t eoret i c. Toat experi en a
APADOR-CH de la sfritul anilor
'90 mi pare a confirma descrierea
de mai sus.
Comitetul Helsinki a trebuit s
ENG
89
is not guilt.
A third observation referred to
the lack of sense of invoking the
international standards in the
field of university education in the
language of minorities. There
cannot be such a standard for the
creation of State universities in
maternal language. The notion of
"international standard" related to
university education lacks sense.
The international standards
represent minimal measures that
the states are obliged to apply. As
the problem of the university
education refers exclusively in the
case of numerous minorities, with a
developed culture, therefore only
by exception, there cannot be an
international standard. Therefore,
within the university education
curriculum, international law must
be invoked under the aspect of the
spirit of conventions and not by the
mere text of law. Firstly, we must
consider the models by which
various states have solved similar
requests. Or, there are models, as in
the case of Finland. The tertiary
education in material language
exists in the South Tirol (Italy), in
Swiss and in Ontario (Canada).
The arguments above did not
conclude that the Faculty Bolyai
mustbe re-funded. There are also
ot her reasons, referri ng t o
desirability, to the competition
between the objectives with
un standard privind crearea
universitilor de stat n limba
matern. Noiunea de "standard
i nt e r na i ona l " n ma t e r i a
nvmntului universitar este
lipsit de sens. Standardele
internaionale reprezint msuri
minime pe care statele sunt
obligate s le aplice. Cum
pr obl ema nvmnt ul ui
universitar se pune exclusiv n
cazul unor minoriti numeroase,
cu o cultur dezvoltat, deci numai
prin excepie, nu poate exista un
standard internaional. Drept
urmare, n materia nvmntului
universitar dreptul internaional
trebuie invocat sub aspectul
spiritului conveniilor i nu prin
litera regulilor. Mai curnd trebuie
avute n vedere modelele prin care
diferite state au rezolvat solicitri
asemntoare. Or, modele exist,
p r e c u m c a z u l Fi n l a n d e i .
nvmntul teriar n limba
matern exist din Tirolul de Sud
(Italia), n Elveia i n Canada
(Ontario).
Argumentele de mai sus nu
concl uzi onau c t r ebui e
renfiinat universitatea Bolyai.
Exist i alte considerente, ce in de
dezirabilitate, de competiia dintre
obiectivele cu caracter universitar
i cele de ordin etnic etc. Poziia
Comitetului Helsinki n anul 1988,
privitoare la universitatea de stat n
ENG
88
The first observation was that,
in the spirit of the International
Pact concerning civil and politic
rights, the right of Hungarians to
benefit from a State university in
t hei r mat ernal l anguage i s
unquestionable. The Hungarians of
Romania are the most numerous
minorities in Europe, and their
aspiration to have their own high
educat i on i nst i t ut i ons was
e xpr e s s e d i n a n i nt e r na l
referendum. The historic tradition
of the tertiary Hungarian education
in Transilvania is added. If there is
a right of a minority to have a
university in their own maternal
language, it applies to the
Hungarians of Romania.
A second observation referred
to the rethoric of incrimination of
the Hungarians because of what
they wanted. The formulations
used in 1998, of the type: "ethnic
segregation of the education",
"federalizaiton of education,
"educational enclave" etc. blamed
the minority of expressing
something thought as necessary for
the protection and development of
its national identity. Or, the right of
a minority to make its ideals public
represents a component of its right
to identity. A community may
launch options lacking realism
and, therefore, it shall be refused.
But the expression of expectations
beneficia o universitate de stat n
limba matern este indiscutabil.
Maghiarii din Romnia reprezint
cea mai numeroas minoritate din
Europa, iar aspiraia lor la instituii
proprii de nvmnt superior a
f o s t e x p r i ma t p r i n t r - u n
referendum intern. Se adaug
tradiia istoric a nvmntului
teriar maghiar din Transilvania.
Dac exist un drept al unei
minoriti de a avea universitate n
limba matern, desigur, acesta se
aplic maghiarilor din Romnia.
O a doua observaie avea n
vedere retorica culpabilizrii
maghiarilor pentru ce doreau ei.
Formulrile folosite n 1998, de
genul: "segregarea etnic a
nvmntului", "federalizarea
nvmntului, "enclavizarea
educa i onal " et c. gs eau
minoritatea vinovat de a exprima
ceva gndit ca necesar protejrii i
dezvoltrii identitii ei naionale.
Or, dreptul unei minoriti de a-i
face publice idealurile constituie o
component a dreptului ei la
identitate. O comunitate poate s
lanseze opiuni lipsite de realism i
deci, va fi refuzat. Dar exprimarea
ateptrilor nu este o vin..
O a treia observaie privea lipsa
de sens a invocrii standardelor
internaionale n domeniul
nvmntul universitar n limba
minoritilor. Nu are cum s existe
ENG
89
is not guilt.
A third observation referred to
the lack of sense of invoking the
international standards in the
field of university education in the
language of minorities. There
cannot be such a standard for the
creation of State universities in
maternal language. The notion of
"international standard" related to
university education lacks sense.
The international standards
represent minimal measures that
the states are obliged to apply. As
the problem of the university
education refers exclusively in the
case of numerous minorities, with a
developed culture, therefore only
by exception, there cannot be an
international standard. Therefore,
within the university education
curriculum, international law must
be invoked under the aspect of the
spirit of conventions and not by the
mere text of law. Firstly, we must
consider the models by which
various states have solved similar
requests. Or, there are models, as in
the case of Finland. The tertiary
education in material language
exists in the South Tirol (Italy), in
Swiss and in Ontario (Canada).
The arguments above did not
conclude that the Faculty Bolyai
mustbe re-funded. There are also
ot her reasons, referri ng t o
desirability, to the competition
between the objectives with
un standard privind crearea
universitilor de stat n limba
matern. Noiunea de "standard
i nt e r na i ona l " n ma t e r i a
nvmntului universitar este
lipsit de sens. Standardele
internaionale reprezint msuri
minime pe care statele sunt
obligate s le aplice. Cum
pr obl ema nvmnt ul ui
universitar se pune exclusiv n
cazul unor minoriti numeroase,
cu o cultur dezvoltat, deci numai
prin excepie, nu poate exista un
standard internaional. Drept
urmare, n materia nvmntului
universitar dreptul internaional
trebuie invocat sub aspectul
spiritului conveniilor i nu prin
litera regulilor. Mai curnd trebuie
avute n vedere modelele prin care
diferite state au rezolvat solicitri
asemntoare. Or, modele exist,
p r e c u m c a z u l Fi n l a n d e i .
nvmntul teriar n limba
matern exist din Tirolul de Sud
(Italia), n Elveia i n Canada
(Ontario).
Argumentele de mai sus nu
concl uzi onau c t r ebui e
renfiinat universitatea Bolyai.
Exist i alte considerente, ce in de
dezirabilitate, de competiia dintre
obiectivele cu caracter universitar
i cele de ordin etnic etc. Poziia
Comitetului Helsinki n anul 1988,
privitoare la universitatea de stat n
ENG
88
The first observation was that,
in the spirit of the International
Pact concerning civil and politic
rights, the right of Hungarians to
benefit from a State university in
t hei r mat ernal l anguage i s
unquestionable. The Hungarians of
Romania are the most numerous
minorities in Europe, and their
aspiration to have their own high
educat i on i nst i t ut i ons was
e xpr e s s e d i n a n i nt e r na l
referendum. The historic tradition
of the tertiary Hungarian education
in Transilvania is added. If there is
a right of a minority to have a
university in their own maternal
language, it applies to the
Hungarians of Romania.
A second observation referred
to the rethoric of incrimination of
the Hungarians because of what
they wanted. The formulations
used in 1998, of the type: "ethnic
segregation of the education",
"federalizaiton of education,
"educational enclave" etc. blamed
the minority of expressing
something thought as necessary for
the protection and development of
its national identity. Or, the right of
a minority to make its ideals public
represents a component of its right
to identity. A community may
launch options lacking realism
and, therefore, it shall be refused.
But the expression of expectations
beneficia o universitate de stat n
limba matern este indiscutabil.
Maghiarii din Romnia reprezint
cea mai numeroas minoritate din
Europa, iar aspiraia lor la instituii
proprii de nvmnt superior a
f o s t e x p r i ma t p r i n t r - u n
referendum intern. Se adaug
tradiia istoric a nvmntului
teriar maghiar din Transilvania.
Dac exist un drept al unei
minoriti de a avea universitate n
limba matern, desigur, acesta se
aplic maghiarilor din Romnia.
O a doua observaie avea n
vedere retorica culpabilizrii
maghiarilor pentru ce doreau ei.
Formulrile folosite n 1998, de
genul: "segregarea etnic a
nvmntului", "federalizarea
nvmntului, "enclavizarea
educa i onal " et c. gs eau
minoritatea vinovat de a exprima
ceva gndit ca necesar protejrii i
dezvoltrii identitii ei naionale.
Or, dreptul unei minoriti de a-i
face publice idealurile constituie o
component a dreptului ei la
identitate. O comunitate poate s
lanseze opiuni lipsite de realism i
deci, va fi refuzat. Dar exprimarea
ateptrilor nu este o vin..
O a treia observaie privea lipsa
de sens a invocrii standardelor
internaionale n domeniul
nvmntul universitar n limba
minoritilor. Nu are cum s existe
ENG
91
help coming fro the center.
Another case: the negociation
of Odorheiu Secuiesc, meant to
calm down the conflict arounf the
buildingn in Csereht. The object
of the dispute in question was a
building financed with Swiss
funds, meant for orphans, but
whi ch had gai ned st r ange
proportions and stimulated fear for
the Szeklers in the area. Greco-
catholic nuns of the Foundation
Inimii Neprihnite, beneficiaries
of the financing, had been
besieged by the City Hall of
Odorheiu Secuiesc. The mayor had
ordered interruption of water and
electricity after the nuns had
enetered the building sealed
through legal judgment. The
confrontation that involved two
actors, each being half-right and
being, eache of them, half guilty,
had created at that time a national
emotion.
Al l t h e s e t o o k p l a c e
somewhere between 1996 and
2000, when the Hungarian and
Romanian leaders were sitting
around the same talbe of the
Executive Body. Nationalist
scenarios of a certain period of
time, when Romanian-Hungarian
relations had turned a positive
direction, made that the civil
society count in comparison with
punctual events. The history of
Odorheiu Secuiesc, menit s
domoleasc conflictul din jurul
cldirii de la Csereht. Obiectul
disputei cu pricina era un
aezmnt finanat din fonduri
elveiene, gndit pentru copii
orfani, dar care cptase proporii
ciudate i trezise temerea secuilor
din zon. Micuele greco-catolice
ale fundaiei Inimii Neprihnite,
beneficiarele finanrii, fuseser
asediate de Primria din
Odorheiu Secuiesc. Primarul
dispusese tierea apei i luminii
dup ce micuele intraser n
cldirea sigilat prin hotrre
judectoreasc. nfruntarea care
implica doi actori, fiecare avnd pe
jumtate dreptate i fiind, fiecare,
pe jumtate n culp, crease atunci
o emoie naional
Toate acestea se desfurau n
perioada 1996-2000, cnd liderii
maghiari i cei romni se aflau n
j u r u l a c e l e i a i me s e a
Ex e c u t i v u l u i . Sc e n a r i i l e
naionaliste dintr-o perioad cnd
relaiile romno-maghiare o
luaser totui ntr-o direcie
pozitiv a fcut ca societatea civil
s conteze n raport cu evenimente
punctuale. Istoria acelor ani a
consemnat, ca surse ale tensiunii
interetnice, hruirile la adresa
Consulatului ungar de la Cluj,
neamplasarea inscripiilor bilingve
acolo unde o cerea legea, scandalul
ENG
90
university character and the ethnic
ones etc. The position of the
Helsinki Committee in year 1988,
concerning the State University in
Hungarian language, was relevant
as long as it appealed to a respectful
attitude towards the requests of
minorities and imposed the correct
comprehension of the case, within
the terms of the doctrine of national
minorities.
Discrimination and
conflicts
The above do not mean that the
APADOR-CH has made only
theory in the field of national
minorities. Theory is necessary in
order to confer authority to
activism, to the effort placed in the
service of correct relations
bet ween t he maj or i t y and
minorities.
Helsinki Committee has done
investigations and elaborate
reports with regard to the situation
of the Hungarians living in the area
Bacu- Neam . These wer e
intensely and vulgarily controlled
by a company, with an attitude that
many of us would have imagined as
still being possible those years.
Prime actors, the media and the
local authorities certainly had the
limba maghiar era relevant n
msura n care fcea apel la o
atitudine respectuoas fa de
cererile minoritilor i impunea
nelegerea corect a cazului, n
termenii doctrinei minoritilor
naionale.
Discriminare
i conflicte
Cele de mai sus nu nseamn c
APADOR-CH a fcut n domeniul
minoritilor naionale numai
teorie. Teoria este necesar pentru
a da autoritate activismului,
efortului pus n slujba relaiilor
juste ntre majoritate i minoriti.
ncepnd cu 1997, Comitetul
Helsinki a fcut investigaii i a
elaborat rapoarte cu privire la
situaia ceangilor maghiari din
zona Bacu-Neam. Acetia se
aflau sub tirurile unei campanii de
o intensitate i o vulgaritate a
atitudinii pe care muli nu ne-am fi
imaginat-o, ca mai fiind posibil n
acei ani. Actorii primi, presa i
autoritile locale aveau cu
siguran ajutorul venit de la
centru.
Un alt caz: negocierea de la
ENG
91
help coming fro the center.
Another case: the negociation
of Odorheiu Secuiesc, meant to
calm down the conflict arounf the
buildingn in Csereht. The object
of the dispute in question was a
building financed with Swiss
funds, meant for orphans, but
whi ch had gai ned st r ange
proportions and stimulated fear for
the Szeklers in the area. Greco-
catholic nuns of the Foundation
Inimii Neprihnite, beneficiaries
of the financing, had been
besieged by the City Hall of
Odorheiu Secuiesc. The mayor had
ordered interruption of water and
electricity after the nuns had
enetered the building sealed
through legal judgment. The
confrontation that involved two
actors, each being half-right and
being, eache of them, half guilty,
had created at that time a national
emotion.
Al l t h e s e t o o k p l a c e
somewhere between 1996 and
2000, when the Hungarian and
Romanian leaders were sitting
around the same talbe of the
Executive Body. Nationalist
scenarios of a certain period of
time, when Romanian-Hungarian
relations had turned a positive
direction, made that the civil
society count in comparison with
punctual events. The history of
Odorheiu Secuiesc, menit s
domoleasc conflictul din jurul
cldirii de la Csereht. Obiectul
disputei cu pricina era un
aezmnt finanat din fonduri
elveiene, gndit pentru copii
orfani, dar care cptase proporii
ciudate i trezise temerea secuilor
din zon. Micuele greco-catolice
ale fundaiei Inimii Neprihnite,
beneficiarele finanrii, fuseser
asediate de Primria din
Odorheiu Secuiesc. Primarul
dispusese tierea apei i luminii
dup ce micuele intraser n
cldirea sigilat prin hotrre
judectoreasc. nfruntarea care
implica doi actori, fiecare avnd pe
jumtate dreptate i fiind, fiecare,
pe jumtate n culp, crease atunci
o emoie naional
Toate acestea se desfurau n
perioada 1996-2000, cnd liderii
maghiari i cei romni se aflau n
j u r u l a c e l e i a i me s e a
Ex e c u t i v u l u i . Sc e n a r i i l e
naionaliste dintr-o perioad cnd
relaiile romno-maghiare o
luaser totui ntr-o direcie
pozitiv a fcut ca societatea civil
s conteze n raport cu evenimente
punctuale. Istoria acelor ani a
consemnat, ca surse ale tensiunii
interetnice, hruirile la adresa
Consulatului ungar de la Cluj,
neamplasarea inscripiilor bilingve
acolo unde o cerea legea, scandalul
ENG
90
university character and the ethnic
ones etc. The position of the
Helsinki Committee in year 1988,
concerning the State University in
Hungarian language, was relevant
as long as it appealed to a respectful
attitude towards the requests of
minorities and imposed the correct
comprehension of the case, within
the terms of the doctrine of national
minorities.
Discrimination and
conflicts
The above do not mean that the
APADOR-CH has made only
theory in the field of national
minorities. Theory is necessary in
order to confer authority to
activism, to the effort placed in the
service of correct relations
bet ween t he maj or i t y and
minorities.
Helsinki Committee has done
investigations and elaborate
reports with regard to the situation
of the Hungarians living in the area
Bacu- Neam . These wer e
intensely and vulgarily controlled
by a company, with an attitude that
many of us would have imagined as
still being possible those years.
Prime actors, the media and the
local authorities certainly had the
limba maghiar era relevant n
msura n care fcea apel la o
atitudine respectuoas fa de
cererile minoritilor i impunea
nelegerea corect a cazului, n
termenii doctrinei minoritilor
naionale.
Discriminare
i conflicte
Cele de mai sus nu nseamn c
APADOR-CH a fcut n domeniul
minoritilor naionale numai
teorie. Teoria este necesar pentru
a da autoritate activismului,
efortului pus n slujba relaiilor
juste ntre majoritate i minoriti.
ncepnd cu 1997, Comitetul
Helsinki a fcut investigaii i a
elaborat rapoarte cu privire la
situaia ceangilor maghiari din
zona Bacu-Neam. Acetia se
aflau sub tirurile unei campanii de
o intensitate i o vulgaritate a
atitudinii pe care muli nu ne-am fi
imaginat-o, ca mai fiind posibil n
acei ani. Actorii primi, presa i
autoritile locale aveau cu
siguran ajutorul venit de la
centru.
Un alt caz: negocierea de la
ENG
93
face discrimination. Until 2000,
the largest legislative gap in the
field of minorities referred to
discrimination. Ordinance no. 137
regarding the elimination of all
forms of discrimination was
adopted in the summer of year
2000, during the parliamentary
vacation.
Why was such a norm included
so late in the Romanian legislation,
although so necessary? Taking into
account the practice, the fight
against discrimination would have
a ppe a l e d f i r s t t o pol i t i c
personalities and to the press. In
other words, exactly those who had
the deciding voice in the enactment
of a specific law.
For the success of a law-project
concerning the fight against
discrimination, both the tenacity of
the management of the DPMN, and
the support offered from outside
the Department were needed. Pter
Eckst ei n-Kovcs' s meri t of
fighting for the law is undisputable.
Also, the activity of the team
managed by Mark Attila, in view
of the preparation of a project plan
for its elaboration in a wider
c o n t e x t , d e s e r v e d e v e r y
appreciation.
However, I do not believe tha
the project would have had success
beside the complementary steps
that involved the civil care au
discriminrile. Pn n anul 2000,
n domeniul minoritilor cel mai
mare gol l egi sl at i v pri vea
6
discriminarea . Ordonana nr. 137
pr i vi nd el i mi nar ea t ut ur or
formelor de discriminare a fost
adoptat n vara anului 2000, n
timpul vacanei parlamentare.
De ce o astfel de norm a fost
nc or por a t n l e gi s l a i a
romneasc att de trziu, dei era
att de necesar? Avnd n vedere
practica, combaterea discri-
minrii ar fi vizat, n primul rnd,
oamenii politici i presa. Cu alte
cuvinte, tocmai pe cei care aveau
un cuvnt decisiv n adoptarea unei
legi specifice.
Pentru succesul unui proiect de
l e g e p r i v i n d c o mb a t e r e a
discriminrii a fost nevoie att de
tenacitatea conducerii DPMN, ct
i de sprijinul dat din afara
Departamentului. Meritul lui Pter
Eckstein-Kovcs de a lupta pentru
l ege est e i ndi scut abi l . De
asemenea,. activitatea echipei
condus de Marko Attila, de
pregtire a unei schie de proiect
pentru elaborarea ei ntr-un context
mai amplu merit toate aprecierile.
Nu cred ns c proiectul ar fi
avut succes n afara demersurilor
complementare care au implicat
societatea civil. Dincolo de
resursele puse la dispoziie de
Centrul de Resurse Juridice i de
Fundaia pentru o Societate
ENG
92
those years consigned, as sources
of t he i nt eret hni c t ensi on,
harassment of the Hungarian
Consulate in Cluj, failure to place
bilingual inscriptions where the
law provides it, the scandal of
alternative manuals, of the
devolution and federalization a.s.o.
A law meant to fight agains
discrimination
During the period 1996 and
2000, the Helsinki Committee has
developed its relations with the
Department for the Protection of
National Minorities (DPMN) both
in the period of the ministry of
Gyrgy Tokay, and in the time of
Pter Eckstein-Kovcs. One of the
most important initiatives of the
DPMN was to introduce a legal
n o r m f i g h t i n g a g a i n s t
discrimination. As I was saying,
the paradox of the protection
system of the national minorities of
Romania was that the system of
special measures looked more
elaborate than the one meant to
manual el or al t er nat i ve, al
devoluiei i federalizrii .a.
O lege menit s combat
discriminarea
n per i oada 1996- 2000,
Comitetul Helsinki a dezvoltat
relaiile sale cu Departamentul
Naionale (DPMN) att n perioada
ministeriatului lui Gyrgy Tokay,
ct i n epoca Pter Eckstein-
Kovcs. Una din cele mai
importante iniiative ale DPMN a
fost introducerea unei norme
juridice care s combat discri-
minarea. Cum spuneam, paradoxul
si st emul ui de pr ot ec i e al
mi nori t i l or na i onal e di n
Romnia era c sistemul msurilor
speciale arta a fi mai elaborat
dect cel menit s nfrunte
ENG
6
Prevederile existente - articolul 317 din Codul
penal, referitor la propaganda naionalist-
ovin, aarea urii de ras sau naionale i
articolul 247, privind abuzul n serviciu prin
ngrdirea unor drepturi pe temei de
naionalitate, ras, sex sau religie - erau
departe de acoperirea diverselor forme de
discriminare i de a combate pe cele acoperite.
De abia n luna octombrie 1999, o persoan
(Dumitru Dragomir) a fost condamnat pe baza
art. 317.
6
The existing provisions article 317 of the Penal
Code, referring to the nationalist-chauvinist
propagand, bestirring of hatred against races or
nationalities, and article 247, concerning the
abuse by limiting certain rights based on reasons
referring to nationality, race, sex or religion
were far from covering the various forms of
discrimination or from fighting against the
covered ones. Hardly in October 1999, a certain
person (Dumitru Dragomir) was condemned based
on art. 317.
93
face discrimination. Until 2000,
the largest legislative gap in the
field of minorities referred to
discrimination. Ordinance no. 137
regarding the elimination of all
forms of discrimination was
adopted in the summer of year
2000, during the parliamentary
vacation.
Why was such a norm included
so late in the Romanian legislation,
although so necessary? Taking into
account the practice, the fight
against discrimination would have
a ppe a l e d f i r s t t o pol i t i c
personalities and to the press. In
other words, exactly those who had
the deciding voice in the enactment
of a specific law.
For the success of a law-project
concerning the fight against
discrimination, both the tenacity of
the management of the DPMN, and
the support offered from outside
the Department were needed. Pter
Eckst ei n-Kovcs' s meri t of
fighting for the law is undisputable.
Also, the activity of the team
managed by Mark Attila, in view
of the preparation of a project plan
for its elaboration in a wider
c o n t e x t , d e s e r v e d e v e r y
appreciation.
However, I do not believe tha
the project would have had success
beside the complementary steps
that involved the civil care au
discriminrile. Pn n anul 2000,
n domeniul minoritilor cel mai
mare gol l egi sl at i v pri vea
6
discriminarea . Ordonana nr. 137
pr i vi nd el i mi nar ea t ut ur or
formelor de discriminare a fost
adoptat n vara anului 2000, n
timpul vacanei parlamentare.
De ce o astfel de norm a fost
nc or por a t n l e gi s l a i a
romneasc att de trziu, dei era
att de necesar? Avnd n vedere
practica, combaterea discri-
minrii ar fi vizat, n primul rnd,
oamenii politici i presa. Cu alte
cuvinte, tocmai pe cei care aveau
un cuvnt decisiv n adoptarea unei
legi specifice.
Pentru succesul unui proiect de
l e g e p r i v i n d c o mb a t e r e a
discriminrii a fost nevoie att de
tenacitatea conducerii DPMN, ct
i de sprijinul dat din afara
Departamentului. Meritul lui Pter
Eckstein-Kovcs de a lupta pentru
l ege est e i ndi scut abi l . De
asemenea,. activitatea echipei
condus de Marko Attila, de
pregtire a unei schie de proiect
pentru elaborarea ei ntr-un context
mai amplu merit toate aprecierile.
Nu cred ns c proiectul ar fi
avut succes n afara demersurilor
complementare care au implicat
societatea civil. Dincolo de
resursele puse la dispoziie de
Centrul de Resurse Juridice i de
Fundaia pentru o Societate
ENG
92
those years consigned, as sources
of t he i nt eret hni c t ensi on,
harassment of the Hungarian
Consulate in Cluj, failure to place
bilingual inscriptions where the
law provides it, the scandal of
alternative manuals, of the
devolution and federalization a.s.o.
A law meant to fight agains
discrimination
During the period 1996 and
2000, the Helsinki Committee has
developed its relations with the
Department for the Protection of
National Minorities (DPMN) both
in the period of the ministry of
Gyrgy Tokay, and in the time of
Pter Eckstein-Kovcs. One of the
most important initiatives of the
DPMN was to introduce a legal
n o r m f i g h t i n g a g a i n s t
discrimination. As I was saying,
the paradox of the protection
system of the national minorities of
Romania was that the system of
special measures looked more
elaborate than the one meant to
manual el or al t er nat i ve, al
devoluiei i federalizrii .a.
O lege menit s combat
discriminarea
n per i oada 1996- 2000,
Comitetul Helsinki a dezvoltat
relaiile sale cu Departamentul
Naionale (DPMN) att n perioada
ministeriatului lui Gyrgy Tokay,
ct i n epoca Pter Eckstein-
Kovcs. Una din cele mai
importante iniiative ale DPMN a
fost introducerea unei norme
juridice care s combat discri-
minarea. Cum spuneam, paradoxul
si st emul ui de pr ot ec i e al
mi nori t i l or na i onal e di n
Romnia era c sistemul msurilor
speciale arta a fi mai elaborat
dect cel menit s nfrunte
ENG
6
Prevederile existente - articolul 317 din Codul
penal, referitor la propaganda naionalist-
ovin, aarea urii de ras sau naionale i
articolul 247, privind abuzul n serviciu prin
ngrdirea unor drepturi pe temei de
naionalitate, ras, sex sau religie - erau
departe de acoperirea diverselor forme de
discriminare i de a combate pe cele acoperite.
De abia n luna octombrie 1999, o persoan
(Dumitru Dragomir) a fost condamnat pe baza
art. 317.
6
The existing provisions article 317 of the Penal
Code, referring to the nationalist-chauvinist
propagand, bestirring of hatred against races or
nationalities, and article 247, concerning the
abuse by limiting certain rights based on reasons
referring to nationality, race, sex or religion
were far from covering the various forms of
discrimination or from fighting against the
covered ones. Hardly in October 1999, a certain
person (Dumitru Dragomir) was condemned based
on art. 317.
95
campaign for the elections? Or, this
success shows how important
working together is, in certain
situations, between the civil
society and the public authorities,
when there is a problem of
emancipation of the public life.
Towards a Romanian united
socialism and the place of
c i v i l s o c i e t y i n t he
promotion of interethnic
relations
The governing between 1996
and 2000 assured a background
process of the interethnic relations
of Romania. The proximity of
elections was a reason of anxiety,
knowi ng how comf or t abl e
nationalist speeches are during the
campaign. Pro Democratia and the
Bucharest subsidiary of the
organization Project on Ethnic
Relations have brought the parties
to the common table and succeeded
to obtain the signature of the
leaders of the main groups by a
protocol meant o avoid the extreme
discourse during the election.
On this background, the PDSR
has launched at the beginning of
the November 2000 the election
program that was very surprising
by its chapter dedicated to national
mi n o r i t i e s . I t s c i v i c -
Spre un consociaionism
romnesc i locul societii
civile n promovarea
relaiilor interetnice
Guvernarea 1996-2000 a
asigurat un progres de fond a
relaiilor interentice din Romnia.
Apropierea alegerilor era privit cu
ngrjorare, avnd n vedere ct de
comode s unt di s cur s ur i l e
naionaliste n campanie. Pro
Democraia i filiala din Bucureti
a organizaiei Project on Ethnic
Relations au adus partidele la masa
comun i au reuit s obin
semntura liderilor principalelor
formaiuni pe un protocol menit s
evite discursul extremist la alegeri.
Pe acest fond, PDSR i-a lansat
la nceputul lunii noiembrie 2000
pr ogr a mul e l e c t or a l c a r e
surprindea prin capitolul dedicat
minoritilor naionale. Modelul
su civic-multicultural era nou
n concepia partidelor politice.
Prin publicarea programului,
PDSR fcea partidul disponibil
ENG
94
implicat societatea civil. Beyond
the support granted by the Center
of Legal Ressources and by the
Foundation for an Open Society,
one must take into account the
establishment of the winning
strategy that was made outside the
DPMN, with great care for the
details that were no longer in the
Department yard. This explains
why for t hi s proj ect t hey
c o n c e n t r a t e d o n t h e
r e s pons i bi l i z a t i on of t he
Government and for the enactment
of the legal norm by a simple
ordinance. The Executive Body
received the abilitation to vote the
ordinance during the parliamentary
vacation, not by hazard, but
because that strategy for which
fighted APADOR-CH, there was
some visible power of conviction.
Eberhard-Wolfgang Wittstock,
president of the Commission for
Human Rights, Cults and National
Minorities of the Chamber of
Deputies, intervened in a critical
point so that the abilitation request
contain the ordinance for the fight
against discrimination. If the law-
project for the fight against
discrimination had been passed on
to the Parliament, it would have
had no chance to be passed. Who
would imagine he would have been
voted exactly by the political
persons that used the chauvinist
language in order to make the
Deschis, trebuie avut n vedere
stabilirea strategiei ctigtoare,
care s-a fcut n afara DPMN, cu
mult grij pentru detalii care nu se
aflau n curtea Departamentului.
Astfel se explic de ce pentru acest
proiect s-a mers pe respon-
sabilizarea Guvernului i deci
adoptarea normei juridice prin
intermediul unei ordonane simple.
Executivul a primit abilitarea de a
vota ordonana pe timpul vacanei
pa r l a me nt a r e nu da t or i t
ntmplrii, ci datorit acelei
strategii pentru care APADOR-CH
a luptat cu, s-a vzut, oarecare
putere de convingere. Eberhard-
Wolfgang Wittstock, preedintele
Comi si ei pent ru Drept uri l e
Omului, Cultelor i Minoritilor
Na i o n a l e d e l a Ca me r a
Deputailor a intervenit ntr-un
moment critic, pentru ca legea de
abilitare s includ ordonana de
combatere a dsicriminrii. Dac
pr oi e c t ul de l e ge pe nt r u
combaterea discri-minrii ar fi fost
aruncat n Parlament, nu avea nici
o ans s treac. Cine i nchipuie
c ar fi fost votat tocmai de oamenii
politici care foloseau limbajul
ovin pentru a-i face campanie
electoral? Or, acest succes arat
ct de important este conlucrarea,
n anumite situaii, ntre societatea
civil i autoritile publice, atunci
cnd apare o problem de
emancipare a vieii publice.
ENG
95
campaign for the elections? Or, this
success shows how important
working together is, in certain
situations, between the civil
society and the public authorities,
when there is a problem of
emancipation of the public life.
Towards a Romanian united
socialism and the place of
c i v i l s o c i e t y i n t he
promotion of interethnic
relations
The governing between 1996
and 2000 assured a background
process of the interethnic relations
of Romania. The proximity of
elections was a reason of anxiety,
knowi ng how comf or t abl e
nationalist speeches are during the
campaign. Pro Democratia and the
Bucharest subsidiary of the
organization Project on Ethnic
Relations have brought the parties
to the common table and succeeded
to obtain the signature of the
leaders of the main groups by a
protocol meant o avoid the extreme
discourse during the election.
On this background, the PDSR
has launched at the beginning of
the November 2000 the election
program that was very surprising
by its chapter dedicated to national
mi n o r i t i e s . I t s c i v i c -
Spre un consociaionism
romnesc i locul societii
civile n promovarea
relaiilor interetnice
Guvernarea 1996-2000 a
asigurat un progres de fond a
relaiilor interentice din Romnia.
Apropierea alegerilor era privit cu
ngrjorare, avnd n vedere ct de
comode s unt di s cur s ur i l e
naionaliste n campanie. Pro
Democraia i filiala din Bucureti
a organizaiei Project on Ethnic
Relations au adus partidele la masa
comun i au reuit s obin
semntura liderilor principalelor
formaiuni pe un protocol menit s
evite discursul extremist la alegeri.
Pe acest fond, PDSR i-a lansat
la nceputul lunii noiembrie 2000
pr ogr a mul e l e c t or a l c a r e
surprindea prin capitolul dedicat
minoritilor naionale. Modelul
su civic-multicultural era nou
n concepia partidelor politice.
Prin publicarea programului,
PDSR fcea partidul disponibil
ENG
94
implicat societatea civil. Beyond
the support granted by the Center
of Legal Ressources and by the
Foundation for an Open Society,
one must take into account the
establishment of the winning
strategy that was made outside the
DPMN, with great care for the
details that were no longer in the
Department yard. This explains
why for t hi s proj ect t hey
c o n c e n t r a t e d o n t h e
r e s pons i bi l i z a t i on of t he
Government and for the enactment
of the legal norm by a simple
ordinance. The Executive Body
received the abilitation to vote the
ordinance during the parliamentary
vacation, not by hazard, but
because that strategy for which
fighted APADOR-CH, there was
some visible power of conviction.
Eberhard-Wolfgang Wittstock,
president of the Commission for
Human Rights, Cults and National
Minorities of the Chamber of
Deputies, intervened in a critical
point so that the abilitation request
contain the ordinance for the fight
against discrimination. If the law-
project for the fight against
discrimination had been passed on
to the Parliament, it would have
had no chance to be passed. Who
would imagine he would have been
voted exactly by the political
persons that used the chauvinist
language in order to make the
Deschis, trebuie avut n vedere
stabilirea strategiei ctigtoare,
care s-a fcut n afara DPMN, cu
mult grij pentru detalii care nu se
aflau n curtea Departamentului.
Astfel se explic de ce pentru acest
proiect s-a mers pe respon-
sabilizarea Guvernului i deci
adoptarea normei juridice prin
intermediul unei ordonane simple.
Executivul a primit abilitarea de a
vota ordonana pe timpul vacanei
pa r l a me nt a r e nu da t or i t
ntmplrii, ci datorit acelei
strategii pentru care APADOR-CH
a luptat cu, s-a vzut, oarecare
putere de convingere. Eberhard-
Wolfgang Wittstock, preedintele
Comi si ei pent ru Drept uri l e
Omului, Cultelor i Minoritilor
Na i o n a l e d e l a Ca me r a
Deputailor a intervenit ntr-un
moment critic, pentru ca legea de
abilitare s includ ordonana de
combatere a dsicriminrii. Dac
pr oi e c t ul de l e ge pe nt r u
combaterea discri-minrii ar fi fost
aruncat n Parlament, nu avea nici
o ans s treac. Cine i nchipuie
c ar fi fost votat tocmai de oamenii
politici care foloseau limbajul
ovin pentru a-i face campanie
electoral? Or, acest succes arat
ct de important este conlucrarea,
n anumite situaii, ntre societatea
civil i autoritile publice, atunci
cnd apare o problem de
emancipare a vieii publice.
ENG
97
PSD was the heir of the political
forces voted by a substantial part of
the population with nationalist
mentality. By its shift of strategy,
the PSD had moved the most part
of the Romanian electorate into the
reconciliation camp. In the
summer of 2001, the UDMR had a
past of five years since it
participated in the taking of the
State decision in matters related to
the interests of the Hungarian
minority, and not just that. In terms
of democratic theory, one could say
that the Romanian democracy has
taken a consensual direction.
A consensual democracy
presupposes that there is a
consensus between the majority
and the minority in treating the
society's problems based on
negociations, not on pure and
tough application of the majority
rule. This means that political
discussions are based on a
consensual mentality, on a
mentality of compromise and
dialogue. The participation to
governing of the UDMR and
subsequently of the partnership of
the Alliance with the PSD made it
possible that the following
majority coalitions have a form of
arrangement of the executive or
legislative type. If this is to happen,
then the Romanian democracy
shall take the form of a Romanian
n care participase la decizia de stat
n chestiuni ce priveau interesele
minoritii maghiare, i nu doar
a t t . n t e r me ni i t e or i e i
democraiei, se poate spune c
democraia romneasc a luat o
direcie consensual.
O democraie consensual
presupune c exist un consens
ntre majoritate i minoritate n a
trata problemele societii pe baza
unei negocieri i nu pe aplicarea
pur i dur a regulii majoritii.
Aceasta presupune c discuiile
politice au ca fundal o mentalitate
consensual, una a compromisului
i a dialogului. Participarea la
guvernare a UDMR i apoi,
parteneriatul Uniunii cu PSD, a
fcut posibil ca i viitoarele coaliii
majoritare s aib cu UDMR o
form de aranjament de tip
executiv sau legislativ. Dac se va
ntmpla acest lucru, atunci
democraia romneasc va lua
forma unui consensualism (even-
tual, consociaionism) romno-
maghiar.
O ast fel de evol u i e ar
nseamna i c raporturile ntre
minoritate i majoritate vor avea
drept cadru de reglare mai ales
spa i ul pol i t i c. Import an a
iniiativelor civice ar scdea
substanial, locul organizaiilor
neguvernamentale fiind mai ales la
nivel de detaliu, nu n raport cu
ENG
96
multicultural model was new for
the political parties. By publishing
the program, the PDSR made the
party available for negociations
with the Hungarians. But this only
after having obtained, through
another act without precedence, an
alliance with the Party of the Roma
people. But even more surprising is
the fact that what had been
established in paper was followed
by the new PSD Cabinet, after the
elections. The Protocol signed in
2001 by the UDMR and PSD
l eaders had envi saged t he
f i na l i z a t i on of t he l oc a l
administration law, the gradual
de mi l i t a r i z a t i on of s ome
community services, the increase
of the frame for the financing of the
education line with teaching in
Hungarian language at the Babe-
Bolyai University, widening of the
education strctures in Hungarian
language, the guarantee of a correct
representation in the act of
governing and in the social-
professional strctures of the
country based on the principle of
equality of chances.
Well, the above mentioned
things have been accomplished.
The UDMR became, on its turn, the
most devoted supporter of the PSD
in the Parliament. The exceptional
element compared to the situation
before 2000 was the fact that the
pentru negocieri cu maghiarii.
Asta, dup ce anterior obinuse,
printr-un act iari fr precedent,
o alian cu Partida Romilor. Dar i
mai surprinztor este faptul c ce se
stabilise pe hrtie a fost urmat de
noul Cabinet PSD, dup alegeri.
Protocol semnat n 2001 de liderii
UDMR i PSD preconizase
finalizarea legii administraiei
locale, demi-litarizarea treptat a
unor servicii comunitare, crearea
cadrului pentru finanarea liniei de
nvmnt cu limba de predare
maghiar n Universitatea Babe-
Bolyai, lrgirea structurilor de
nvmnt n limba maghiar,
a s i g u r a r e a u n e i c o r e c t e
reprezentri n actul de guvernare
i n structurile socio-profesionale
ale rii pe baza principiului
egalitii anselor.
Ei bine, ce a fost enumerat mai
sus a fost ndeplinit. UDMR a
devenit, la rndul ei, cel mai fidel
susintor al PSD n Parlament.
Elementul excepional comparativ
cu situaia de pn n anul 2000, era
faptul c PSD era motenitoarea
forelor politice votate de o parte
substanial a populaiei cu
mentalitate naionalist. Prin
schimbarea sa de strategie, PSD
mutase n tabra reconcilierii cea
mai mare parte a electoratului
romn. n vara anului 2001,
UDMR avea un trecut de cinci ani
ENG
97
PSD was the heir of the political
forces voted by a substantial part of
the population with nationalist
mentality. By its shift of strategy,
the PSD had moved the most part
of the Romanian electorate into the
reconciliation camp. In the
summer of 2001, the UDMR had a
past of five years since it
participated in the taking of the
State decision in matters related to
the interests of the Hungarian
minority, and not just that. In terms
of democratic theory, one could say
that the Romanian democracy has
taken a consensual direction.
A consensual democracy
presupposes that there is a
consensus between the majority
and the minority in treating the
society's problems based on
negociations, not on pure and
tough application of the majority
rule. This means that political
discussions are based on a
consensual mentality, on a
mentality of compromise and
dialogue. The participation to
governing of the UDMR and
subsequently of the partnership of
the Alliance with the PSD made it
possible that the following
majority coalitions have a form of
arrangement of the executive or
legislative type. If this is to happen,
then the Romanian democracy
shall take the form of a Romanian
n care participase la decizia de stat
n chestiuni ce priveau interesele
minoritii maghiare, i nu doar
a t t . n t e r me ni i t e or i e i
democraiei, se poate spune c
democraia romneasc a luat o
direcie consensual.
O democraie consensual
presupune c exist un consens
ntre majoritate i minoritate n a
trata problemele societii pe baza
unei negocieri i nu pe aplicarea
pur i dur a regulii majoritii.
Aceasta presupune c discuiile
politice au ca fundal o mentalitate
consensual, una a compromisului
i a dialogului. Participarea la
guvernare a UDMR i apoi,
parteneriatul Uniunii cu PSD, a
fcut posibil ca i viitoarele coaliii
majoritare s aib cu UDMR o
form de aranjament de tip
executiv sau legislativ. Dac se va
ntmpla acest lucru, atunci
democraia romneasc va lua
forma unui consensualism (even-
tual, consociaionism) romno-
maghiar.
O ast fel de evol u i e ar
nseamna i c raporturile ntre
minoritate i majoritate vor avea
drept cadru de reglare mai ales
spa i ul pol i t i c. Import an a
iniiativelor civice ar scdea
substanial, locul organizaiilor
neguvernamentale fiind mai ales la
nivel de detaliu, nu n raport cu
ENG
96
multicultural model was new for
the political parties. By publishing
the program, the PDSR made the
party available for negociations
with the Hungarians. But this only
after having obtained, through
another act without precedence, an
alliance with the Party of the Roma
people. But even more surprising is
the fact that what had been
established in paper was followed
by the new PSD Cabinet, after the
elections. The Protocol signed in
2001 by the UDMR and PSD
l eaders had envi saged t he
f i na l i z a t i on of t he l oc a l
administration law, the gradual
de mi l i t a r i z a t i on of s ome
community services, the increase
of the frame for the financing of the
education line with teaching in
Hungarian language at the Babe-
Bolyai University, widening of the
education strctures in Hungarian
language, the guarantee of a correct
representation in the act of
governing and in the social-
professional strctures of the
country based on the principle of
equality of chances.
Well, the above mentioned
things have been accomplished.
The UDMR became, on its turn, the
most devoted supporter of the PSD
in the Parliament. The exceptional
element compared to the situation
before 2000 was the fact that the
pentru negocieri cu maghiarii.
Asta, dup ce anterior obinuse,
printr-un act iari fr precedent,
o alian cu Partida Romilor. Dar i
mai surprinztor este faptul c ce se
stabilise pe hrtie a fost urmat de
noul Cabinet PSD, dup alegeri.
Protocol semnat n 2001 de liderii
UDMR i PSD preconizase
finalizarea legii administraiei
locale, demi-litarizarea treptat a
unor servicii comunitare, crearea
cadrului pentru finanarea liniei de
nvmnt cu limba de predare
maghiar n Universitatea Babe-
Bolyai, lrgirea structurilor de
nvmnt n limba maghiar,
a s i g u r a r e a u n e i c o r e c t e
reprezentri n actul de guvernare
i n structurile socio-profesionale
ale rii pe baza principiului
egalitii anselor.
Ei bine, ce a fost enumerat mai
sus a fost ndeplinit. UDMR a
devenit, la rndul ei, cel mai fidel
susintor al PSD n Parlament.
Elementul excepional comparativ
cu situaia de pn n anul 2000, era
faptul c PSD era motenitoarea
forelor politice votate de o parte
substanial a populaiei cu
mentalitate naionalist. Prin
schimbarea sa de strategie, PSD
mutase n tabra reconcilierii cea
mai mare parte a electoratului
romn. n vara anului 2001,
UDMR avea un trecut de cinci ani
ENG
99
seemed in those moments as vital.
Today, in the autumn of year
2004, the problematic of the
minorities seems to confront now
another challenge: affectation of
the internal democracy of national
communities together with (and as
a n e f f e c t of ) t he e t hni c
subcontractor. The new law of the
local elections determined for the
first time the solidification of
c e r t a i n R o ma n i a n n o n -
government al organi zat i ons
against the Parlamentary Group of
National Minorities. This latter
i mpos ed a pr ovi s i on t hat
inacceptably gives priviledging the
organizations of minorities in the
Parliament depending on those
outside it. Of course, in the
initiation of the protest that
condemned the solution of the
National Minorities, I involved
only the APADOR-CH directly.
Events show the need to make
another legislative jump, able to
exceed the current discrimination
situation within the national
minorities, promoted by some of
the community leaders. Like
before, a cooperation between the
non governmental organizations
and the State institutions meant to
control discrimination of citizens
would be the most efficient answer
in order to cope with old and new
challenges.
problematica minoritilor pare s
aib n fa o nou provocare:
afectarea democraiei interne a
comunitilor naionale mpreun
cu (i ca efect al ) ant re-
prenoriatului etnic. Noua lege a
alegerilor locale a determinat
pentru prima dat solidarizarea
unor organizaii neguvernamentale
romneti mpotriva Grupului
Parlamentar al Minoritilor
Naionale. GPMN a impus o
prevedere care privilegiaz ntr-un
mod inacceptabil organizaiile
minoritilor din Parlament n
raport cu cele dinafara lui. Desigur,
am implicat APADOR-CH direct
n iniierea protestului care a
condamnat soluia Grupului
Naionale.
Evenimentele arat necesitatea
unui alt salt legislativ, n msur s
depeasc actuala situaie de
d i s c r i mi n a r e n c a d r u l
mi n o r i t i l o r n a i o n a l e ,
pr omovat de uni i l i der i
comunitari. Ca i altdat, o
cooperare ntre organizaiile
neguvernamentale i instituiile
statutului menite s vegheze
asupra nediscriminrii cetenilor
ar fi rspunsul cel mai eficient
pentru a face fa mai vechilor i
noilor provocri.
ENG
98
Hungarian agreement (possibly
united socialism).
Such an evolution would also
mean that the relationship between
the minority and the majority shall
have as settling frame mainly the
politic space. The importance of
civic initiatives would drop
substantially, the place of the non-
governmental organizations being
mainly detailed, not depending on
the general stakes of interethnic
relations.
What next?
This used to be my way of
thinking, at least in the summer of
year 2001. Strange evolutions
followed, such as loss of the State
contrl over the Covasna and
Harghita Counties, the quarrel
about the Bolyai High School of
Trgu Mure, again the public
crusade against Szeklers and
others. Altough the events above
have not changed the role of the
dialogue at the political level, the
i mp l i c a t i o n o f t h e n o n -
governmental organizations,
particularly of the APADOR-CH,
mizele de fond ale relaiilor
interetnice.
Ce va urma?
Aa gndeam cel puin n vara
anului 2001. Au urmat evoluii
ci udat e, precum pi erderea
controlului statului n judeele
Covasna i Harghita, scandalul
din jurul liceului Bolyai din Trgu
Mure, din nou cruciada public
mpotriva ceangilor maghiari i
altele. Dei evenimentele amintite
nu au schimbat rolul dialogului la
nivel politic, implicarea orga-
nizaiilor neguvernamentale, n
particular a APADOR-CH a prut
8
n acele momente vital .
Astzi, n toamna anului 2004,
ENG
7
Atunci, vicepreedinte al Forumului Democrat
German din
8
Romnia i reprezentantul n Parlament al
comunitii germane.
Alturi de Liga Pro Europa.
7
Then, the Vice-President of the German
Democratic Forum of Romania and the
representative of the German community in the
Parliament.
8
Together with Pro Europa League.
99
seemed in those moments as vital.
Today, in the autumn of year
2004, the problematic of the
minorities seems to confront now
another challenge: affectation of
the internal democracy of national
communities together with (and as
a n e f f e c t of ) t he e t hni c
subcontractor. The new law of the
local elections determined for the
first time the solidification of
c e r t a i n R o ma n i a n n o n -
government al organi zat i ons
against the Parlamentary Group of
National Minorities. This latter
i mpos ed a pr ovi s i on t hat
inacceptably gives priviledging the
organizations of minorities in the
Parliament depending on those
outside it. Of course, in the
initiation of the protest that
condemned the solution of the
National Minorities, I involved
only the APADOR-CH directly.
Events show the need to make
another legislative jump, able to
exceed the current discrimination
situation within the national
minorities, promoted by some of
the community leaders. Like
before, a cooperation between the
non governmental organizations
and the State institutions meant to
control discrimination of citizens
would be the most efficient answer
in order to cope with old and new
challenges.
problematica minoritilor pare s
aib n fa o nou provocare:
afectarea democraiei interne a
comunitilor naionale mpreun
cu (i ca efect al ) ant re-
prenoriatului etnic. Noua lege a
alegerilor locale a determinat
pentru prima dat solidarizarea
unor organizaii neguvernamentale
romneti mpotriva Grupului
Naionale. GPMN a impus o
prevedere care privilegiaz ntr-un
mod inacceptabil organizaiile
minoritilor din Parlament n
raport cu cele dinafara lui. Desigur,
am implicat APADOR-CH direct
n iniierea protestului care a
condamnat soluia Grupului
Naionale.
Evenimentele arat necesitatea
unui alt salt legislativ, n msur s
depeasc actuala situaie de
d i s c r i mi n a r e n c a d r u l
mi n o r i t i l o r n a i o n a l e ,
pr omovat de uni i l i der i
comunitari. Ca i altdat, o
cooperare ntre organizaiile
neguvernamentale i instituiile
statutului menite s vegheze
asupra nediscriminrii cetenilor
ar fi rspunsul cel mai eficient
pentru a face fa mai vechilor i
noilor provocri.
ENG
98
Hungarian agreement (possibly
united socialism).
Such an evolution would also
mean that the relationship between
the minority and the majority shall
have as settling frame mainly the
politic space. The importance of
civic initiatives would drop
substantially, the place of the non-
governmental organizations being
mainly detailed, not depending on
the general stakes of interethnic
relations.
What next?
This used to be my way of
thinking, at least in the summer of
year 2001. Strange evolutions
followed, such as loss of the State
contrl over the Covasna and
Harghita Counties, the quarrel
about the Bolyai High School of
Trgu Mure, again the public
crusade against Szeklers and
others. Altough the events above
have not changed the role of the
dialogue at the political level, the
i mp l i c a t i o n o f t h e n o n -
governmental organizations,
particularly of the APADOR-CH,
mizele de fond ale relaiilor
interetnice.
Ce va urma?
Aa gndeam cel puin n vara
anului 2001. Au urmat evoluii
ci udat e, precum pi erderea
controlului statului n judeele
Covasna i Harghita, scandalul
din jurul liceului Bolyai din Trgu
Mure, din nou cruciada public
mpotriva ceangilor maghiari i
altele. Dei evenimentele amintite
nu au schimbat rolul dialogului la
nivel politic, implicarea orga-
nizaiilor neguvernamentale, n
particular a APADOR-CH a prut
8
n acele momente vital .
Astzi, n toamna anului 2004,
ENG
7
Atunci, vicepreedinte al Forumului Democrat
German din
8
Romnia i reprezentantul n Parlament al
comunitii germane.
Alturi de Liga Pro Europa.
7
Then, the Vice-President of the German
Democratic Forum of Romania and the
representative of the German community in the
Parliament.
8
Together with Pro Europa League.

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