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1.A spherical ball is given a translation velocity equal to
surface where the coefficient of friction is
without slipping. Also calculate the velocity of center of mass after it begins to roll without
slipping.
Solution:
The point of contact has a forward velocity when the ball starts moving. This causes slipping
and hence a kinetic friction equal to
provides a clock-wise torque and hence the angular velocity increases from zero to
the same frictional force reduces the linear velocity of center of mass from
in time t.
in time t.
We also have
(
(iii)
Hence after
without slipping.
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2. A solid sphere is set into motion on a rough horizontal surface
with a linear speed
3. A board of mass M, whose upper surface is tough and under surface smooth, rests on
a smooth horizontal plane. A sphere of mass m is placed on the board is suddenly given
a velocity v in the direction of its length. Find the time after which the sphere begins
pure rolling. If the coefficient of friction between the board and the sphere is
Solution:
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When pure rolling starts velocity of points P and Q will become equal
4. A billiard ball, initially at rest, is given a sharp impulse by a rod. The rod is held horizontally
at a height h above the center of the ball. The ball immediately begins to roll without slipping
after the impact. Calculate the height h in terms of the radius of the ball.
Solution:
The horizontal force creates a linear impulse and angular impulse.
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5. A billiard ball (of radius R), initially at rest is given a sharp impulse by
a car. The cue is held horizontally a distance h above the central line as
shown. The ball leaves the cue with a speed
acquires a final speed of
Solution:
Let
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For rotation
Frictional torque
After time t
Combining all the equation
(
Substitute
(
from 1.
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Translation of CM
Let
gives
(
7. A turntable rotates about a fixed vertical axis, making one revolution in 10 s. the
moment of inertia of the turntable about the axis is 1200 kg
a man of mass 80 kg
initially standing at the center of the turntable, runs out along a radius. What is the
angular velocity of the turntable when the man is 2m from the center?
Solution:
initial moment of inertia of the system
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. It passes
in terms of
conservation of angular momentum to the block-cylinder system about the axis through O
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As the slipping ceases,
9. A man of mass 100 kg stands at the rim of a turntable of radius 2m and moment of
inertia
system is initially at rest. The man now walks along the outer edge of turntable with a
velocity of 1 m/s relative to the earth.
(a) With what angular velocity of 1 m/s relative to the earth.
(b) Through what angle will it have rotated when the man reaches his initial position on
the turntable?
(c) Through what angle will it have rotated when the man reaches his initial position
relative to the earth?
Solution:
Solution:
(a) by conservation of angular momentum on the man-table system
( )
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Thus the table rotates clock-wise (opposite to man) with angular velocity
(b) if the man completes one revolution relative to the table, then:
radius clockwise.
(c) if the man completes one revolution relative to the earth, then:
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10. A small block of mass 4 kg is attached to a cord passing through a hole in a horizontal
frictionless surface. The block is originally revolving in a circle of radius of 0.5 m about
the hole, with a tangential velocity of 4 m/s. the cord is then pulled slowly form below,
shortening the radius of the circle in which the block revolves. The breaking strength of
the cord is 600 N. what will be the radius of the circle when the cord breaks.
Solution:
The tension on the rope is the only net force on the block and it does not exert any torque
about the axis of rotation. Hence the angular momentum of the block about the axis
should remain conserved.
Let
6
6
6
6
Note: the tension in the string is inversely proportional to the cube of the radius.
11. Two skaters, each of mass 50 kg, approach each other along parallel paths separated
by 3 m. they have equal and opposite velocities of 10 m/s. the first skater carries a long
light pole, 3m long, and the second skater grabs the end of it as he passes (assume
frictionless ice)
(a) Describe quantitatively the motion of the skaters after they are connected by the pole.
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(b) By pulling on the pole skaters reduce their distance apart 1 m. what is their motion then?
(c) Compare the KEs of the system in parts a and b Where does the change come from?
Solution:
(a) As the net linear momentum of the system (skater+ pole) is zero, the center of mass will be
at rest before and after the collision. The skaters and the pole will rotate around the center of
mass (at the mid-point of the pole). Applying the conservation of angular momentum about as
axis through C and perpendicular to the plane of the figure
The kinetic energy increases because the skaters do positive work in pulling themselves
towards the center of pole
12. Two uniform thin rods A & B length 0.6 m each and of masses 0.01 kg and 0.02 kg
respectively are rigidly joined end to end. The combination is pivoted at the lighter end; P as
shown in figure such that it can freely rotate about the point P is a vertical plane. A small object
of mass 0.05 kg, moving horizontally hits the lower end of the combination and sticks to it.
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What should be the velocity of the object as that the system could just be raised to the
horizontal position?
Solution:
Let u = velocity with which mass (m= 0.05 kg) hits the rod.
Apply conservation of angular momentum about P.
) )
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6
13. A target in a shooting gallery consists of a vertical square wooded board, 0.2 m on a side, of
mass 2kg, pivoted on an axis along its top edge. It is struck at the center by a bullet of mass 5
gm, travelling 300 m/s. the bullet gets embedded in the board.
a What is the maximum angular velocity of the board just after bullets impact?
(b) What maximum height above the equilibrium position does the center of the board reach
before starting to swim down again?
(c) What bullet speed would be required for the board to swim all the way over impact?
Solution:
(a) during collision impulse on the system is acting at point A. angular momentum can be
conserved only about A.
(b) loss in K.E= Gain in P.E.
(
6
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where
k is a constant. At the instant when the particle is at extreme position in its closed
elliptical orbit its distance from the center of force is a and its speed is
calculate its
from C.
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16. A rod of mass l and length l is held vertically on a smooth horizontal floor. When it is
released from this position. Find the speed of its C.M. when it makes an angle
with
vertical.
Solution:
When rod is falling freely due to gravity. The only force of acting is of
Gravity in vertical direction.
External force in horizontal direction
be the velocity of C.M. and b be the angular velocity of rod when it makes angle e
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sin
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sin
sin
sin
sin
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