TRIAL EXAMINATION 2007 MATHEMATICAL STUDIES

Name

: ____________________________

Graphics Calculator
Brand _______________

Student No : ____________________________
Group

Model ______________

: __________________________

Computer Software

Friday 21 September: 7:00 a.m.

Time: 3 hours 10 minutes
Examination material: one 41 page question booklet
Approved dictionaries, notes, calculators and computer software may be used

Pages: 41
Questions: 16

Instructions to Candidates
1. You will have 10 minutes to read the paper. You must not write in your question booklet or use a
calculator during this reading time but you may make notes on the scribbling paper provided.
2. Answer all parts of Questions 1 to 16 in the spaces provided in this question booklet. There is no need
to fill all the spaces provided. You may write on pages 21, 39 and 40 if you need more space, making
sure to label each answer clearly.
3. The total mark is approximately 146. The allocation of marks is shown below:
Question 1

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Marks

11

11

10

10

13 14 12

4. Appropriate steps of logic and correct answers are required for full marks.
5. Show all working in this booklet. (You are strongly advised not to use scribbling paper. Work that
you consider incorrect should be crossed out with a single line.)
6. Use only black or blue pens for all work other than graphs and diagrams, for which you may use a
sharp dark pencil.
7. State all answers correct to three significant figures, unless otherwise stated or as appropriate.
8. Diagrams, where given, are not necessarily drawn to scale.
9. The list of mathematical formulae is on page 41. You may remove this page from the booklet before
the examination begins.
10. Write your name, student number and group in the space provided at the top of this page.
11. Complete the box on the top right-hand side of this page with information about the electronic
technology you are using in this examination.

BLANK

QUESTION 1
There is no need to simplify your answer to parts (a), (b) and (c).
(a) Find

dy
3 2e 5 x
if y
.
dx
5x 2 1

(3 marks)
(b) Find

dy
5
if y ln x 2 2 x .
dx

(3 marks)

(c) Find

3
2 x 3ex

1
dx .
4x 1

(3 marks)
(d) Evaluate

e 3 x

dx .

(1 mark)

QUESTION 2
Vitality is one of the brands of an organic tomato juice drink. Its producer claims that 20% of all organic
tomato juice drinkers prefer Vitality. To test the validity of this claim, a competitor samples 250 organic
tomato juice drinkers and finds that only 33 prefer the Vitality brand.
(a) Based on this sample, find a 95% confidence interval for p, the proportion of all organic tomato juice
drinkers who prefer the Vitality brand. Interpret your answer.

(2 marks)
(b) Does the sample support the producers claim? Explain your answer.

(2 marks)
(c) If the competitor wishes to estimate, with a probability of 0.95, the proportion to within 2%, how
large should the sample size be?

(2 marks)

QUESTION 3
1 3
, find the values of p and q such that A 2 3 A qI , where p and q are scalars and
5 p
I is the 2 x 2 identity matrix.

(a) If A

(3 marks)
(b) Hence find A 1 in linear form.

(3 marks)

 8
(c) Given that C
13

, find matrix B such that A B 5 I C 10 I using matrix algebra.

(3 marks)

QUESTION 4
A tennis academy in Adelaide trains young players who aspire to turn professional whilst still in their
teens. One of the areas of the game that this academy focuses on is the ace serve.
An ace is a serve that goes untouched by the server's opponent's racket and thus is unreturned.
Records show that the junior trainees in this academy can serve an ace 35% of the time.
(a) Harry, a junior trainee, attends a morning training session where he makes twelve serves. What is the
probability that
(i) none of the serves is an ace?

(1 mark)
(ii) between 3 and 7 (inclusive) aces are served?

(2 marks)

(b) By the end of the day, Harry has made a total of 150 serves. Find the probability that he served an ace
at least half of the time.

(2 marks)

QUESTION 5
Consider the following system of equations:

x 3y 2z 1
x ky 2 z 2

x k 1 y kz 2k 5

, where k is real.

(a) Show that this system can be reduced to 0

0

k2 4

2-k

k 3

1
2k 4 .
1

(4 marks)
(b) State the value of k for which the system has no solution.

(1 mark)

10

(c)(i) State the value of k which gives an infinite number of solutions.

(1 mark)
(ii) Give these solutions in parametric form.

(2 marks)

11

(d)(i) State the value of k for which the system has unique solution.

(1 mark)
(ii) Solve the system when k 1 .

(2 marks)

12

QUESTION 6
The graphs of the functions y f x and y f x are shown in the diagram below, where 0 x e .
y

Graph II

Graph I

A
B

Graph I has a turning point at A and changes shape at D. Graph II has a turning point at B and changes
shape at C.
(a) State which graphs represent f x and f x respectively.

(2 marks)
(b) On the same set of axes above, sketch the function y f x .

13

(3 marks)

QUESTION 7
An experimental car that is fuelled by peanut oil is taken for several test runs in a remote part of Australia.
On one of its test runs, it was seen to be traveling in a straight line with initial velocity of 3 ms 1 . Its
acceleration t seconds after motion began was a t 4 2t ms -2 , where t is time in seconds and t 0 .
(a) Find the velocity function v t and draw its sign diagram.

(4 marks)
(b) Show that the car was stationary after 1 second. At what other time was the car at rest?

(2 marks)

14

(c) With the help of a motion diagram, calculate the distance travelled by this experimental car in the first
5 seconds of its motion.

(5 marks)

15

QUESTION 8
Consider the following number grid in which each cell contains a single whole number:
3a

b + 6a

b + 2a

a+c

a + 2c

b + 4a

3a + c

This number grid is named the SAMdoku and amongst its unique features is the fact that the sum of the
numbers in each row is equal to the same value M, the sum of the numbers in both the diagonals is equal
to another value N, and that all the numbers from each cell add up to 45.
(a) Using the variables a, b and c, write down a system of 3 equations in 3 unknowns that was extracted
from the SAMdoku grid shown above.

(5 marks)

16

(b)(i) Hence find the values of a, b and c.

(2 marks)
(ii) Complete the SAMdoku below with your answers from part (b)(i) above.

the SAMdoku
(2 marks)

17

QUESTION 9
Myoglobin is a protein found in the muscle cells of animals. It forms pigments responsible for making
meat red. A laboratory analyses specimens of myoglobin taken from fowls found in a certain area to
determine the concentration of an active ingredient, identified only as MGX-1. The concentrations are
assumed to follow a normal distribution. The standard deviation is a property of the analytical procedure
and is known to be 0.068 miligrams.
The laboratory analyses a sample of twenty specimens of myoglobin and reports that the mean result of
the twenty readings is x 0.8408 miligrams.
A scientist employed at the laboratory is asked to evaluate, using a two-tailed Z-test at the 5% level of
significance, the claim that the concentration of the active ingredient is 0.86 miligrams.
(a) State the null hypothesis.

(1 mark)
(b) State the alternative hypothesis.

(1 mark)
(c) State the null distribution of the test statistic.

(1 mark)

18

(d) Determine whether or not the null hypothesis should be rejected.

(3 marks)
(e) What can we conclude from the results in (d)?

(1 mark)

19

QUESTION 10
The graph below shows the sketch of the function y g (x) for m x s . The gradient of chord OP
represents the average rate of change of g (x ) for the interval from x 0 to x p .
y

N
m

R
P

(a) On the graph of y g x , draw a second chord with a slope that more closely approximates the
value of y g p .
(1 mark)
(b) y g x has a horizontal tangent at points M and Q and there is a change of shape at points N and
R. Draw the sign diagrams of y g x and y g x in the space provided below.

(4 marks)

(c) For what values of x is g x 0 ?

(1 mark)

20

You may write in this section if you need additional space. Clearly number each question and part
attempted in this section (for example, Question 1(c)(i)).

21

QUESTION 11
Consider the curve x 2 3 3 xy 2 3 9 y .
dy 3 x 2 3 y 2

.
dx
6 xy 9
2

(a) Show that

(4 marks)

22

(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at 2, 1 .

(3 marks)
(c) Given that the curve has a horizontal tangent at a, b , find b in terms of a.

(3 marks)

23

QUESTION 12
Deforestation is one of the major
problems facing sub-Saharan Africa.
Although the clearing of land for farming
has been the major cause, the steadily
increasing demand for fuel wood has
become a significant factor.

Rate of fuel wood consumption

150
100
50

1980

Rate of new tree growth

1985

1990

1995

This graph shows the rates of fuel wood

consumption and new tree growth (both in
millions of cubic meters per year) in
Sudan from 1980 to 2000, taken from the
records of the World Bank.

2000

Suppose that the rate of fuel wood consumption (in millions of cubic meters per year) in Sudan t years
after 1980 is given approximately by the function C t 76.2e 0.03 t , where t 0 .
(a) Find C (t ) .

(2 marks)
(b) Show that C (t ) > 0 for all values of t. What is the significance of this result?

(2 marks)

24

(c) Determine the amount of fuel wood that will be consumed from 1980 to 2000.

(2 marks)
The rate of new tree growth (in millions of cubic meters per year) in the Sudan t years after 1980 is given
approximately by the function G t 50 6.03e 0.09 t .
(e) Write down an expression to represent the amount of depletion of the forests due to excess fuel wood
consumption over new growth from 1980 to 2000.

(2 marks)
(f) Hence, determine the amount of depletion of the forests from 1980 to 2000.

(1 mark)

25

QUESTION 13
Pinot Noir is one of the oldest grape varieties
to be cultivated for the purpose of making
wine. A vineyard uses mainly Pinot Noir to
produce its premier bottles of red wine for
export. These bottles are kept in a cool cellar.
The temperature of the bottles of Pinot Noir is
a normally distributed variable T, with a mean
10.54C and a standard deviation of 1.08C.
Ideally the temperature of these bottles of
wine should be kept at a level of no more than
13.0 C.

(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected bottle of Pinot Noir from the cellar will have a
temperature of no more than 13.0 C.

(1 mark)
(b) WinePress, a wine export company, buys 1500 bottles of Pinot Noir from this vineyard.
Approximately how many bottles will have a temperature of more than 13.0 C?

(2 marks)

26

The manager measures the temperature of 5 bottles of Pinot Noir everyday and records the mean
temperature as P5 .
For product control purposes, the manager also measures the temperature of 50 bottles of Pinot Noir and
records the mean temperature, P50 .
Two histograms are shown below. One illustrates the distribution of P5 and the other illustrates the
distribution of P50 .
Histogram A

8.5

9.5

10.5

11.5

12.5

Temperature, T (oC)

Histogram B

8.5

9.5

10.5

11.5

12.5

Temperature, T (oC)

(c) Which histogram illustrates the distribution of P50 ? Explain your answer.

(2 marks)

27

The bottles of Pinot Noir are packed into crates of 25 bottles each. Suppose that P25 represents the mean
temperature of 25 bottles of Pinot Noir in a crate.
(d) What can we say about the shape of the sampling distribution of P25 ?

(1 mark)
(e) Show that the distribution of P25 has a mean temperature of 10.54C and standard deviation of
0.216C .

(2 marks)
(f) Determine the proportion of crates that will contain a mean temperature greater than 10.85C.

(1 mark)

28

The manager is concerned that due to changing weather patterns, the mean temperature of the bottles of
Pinot Noir kept in each crate in the cellar is not at its ideal temperature of no more than 13.0 C. If so, he
will need to adjust the temperature control in the cellar. To estimate , the mean temperature of all
bottles of Pinot Noir in the cellar, he selected a crate of 25 bottles at random and found that the mean
temperature is 12.48C, with a standard deviation of 1.08C.
(g) Calculate a 95% confidence interval for .

(2 marks)
(h) Based on this confidence interval, should the manager adjust the temperature control in the cellar?
Justify your answer.

(2 marks)

29

QUESTION 14
(a) Show that

1
3

e
3

ln 3x
1
dx .
x
8

(4 marks)

30

The graphs of h x

ln 3 x
1
and g x
where x 0 , are shown below.
2x
x

h x

ln 3 x
x

g x
a

1
2x

(b) Show algebraically that h x g x when x

e
.
3

(3 marks)

31

(c) Given that x = a is the point where y h x cuts the x-axis, find a.

(2 marks)
(d)(i) Write down the calculus expression that represents the area that is enclosed by the graphs of
y h x , y g x and the x-axis from x = a to x = 5. Shade this area on the graph given above.

(2 marks)
(ii) Hence, find the exact area that is enclosed by the graphs of y h x , y g x and the x-axis
from x = a to x = 5.

(3 marks)

32

Question 15 starts on page 34

33

QUESTION 15
According to a recent study on unemployment in a certain country, the number of people unemployed in
the country is dependent on that countrys economic situation. If the economy is good, the number of
unemployed people in that country will decrease. Likewise if the economy is bad, the number of
unemployed people in that country will rise.
Suppose the number of unemployed people in that country can be modelled by E (t ) , in hundreds of
people, where
t
2
E (t ) 1.50(t 10t 44)e 10
and t is the number of months after January 2000, 0 t 36 .
(a) Show that the rate of unemployment is given by E t 1.5e
10
people per month.

t
10

30t 144 hundreds of

(3 marks)
(b) Find E 0 and interpret its meaning.

(2 marks)

34

(c) Find the value(s) of t for which the number of unemployed people was increasing.

(3 marks)
(d) In which month and year did this country have the highest number of unemployed people? Hence
state the number of unemployed people.

(3 marks)
(e) When was the number of unemployed people increasing at the greatest rate?

(1 mark)

35

QUESTION 16
At the University of Wollongong, the School of Music and Drama is self-sustaining, that is, it raises its
own funds to support its daily running of affairs. One of its fundraising channels is its in-house Cineplex,
which offers movies at affordable ticket prices and is open to all university students.
The movies screened at the Cineplex are divided into three genres: comedy, horror and drama. The
transition diagram below illustrates the probability that a university student who watches a movie from
one genre will watch a movie from another (or the same) genre the following week.

0.2

0.5

Come
dy

Horr
or

0.4
0.3

0.6

0.4

Dram
a

(a) Complete the transition matrix T below based on the given diagram:
to
comedy
T

from

comedy
horror
drama

horror

drama

(2 marks)

36

(b) On 1 Jan 2006, comedies had a market share of 32%, the horror movie genre dominated the market
with its share of 51%, and dramas held their own with a 17% market share.
Construct a 1 x 3 matrix S which illustrates the market shares of comedy, horror and drama movies
respectively.

(1 mark)
(c) What market share did horror movies hold after
(i) the first week?

(1 mark)
(ii) three weeks?

(1 mark)

37

(d) What is the soonest time (in weeks) that these three movie genres achieve steady state proportions in
the market share? Write down the matrix that shows the proportions of market share held by these
three movie genres in the long run.

(2 marks)
(e) Assume that the number of university students who patronized the Cineplex every week remained
constant. If it was found that in the long run 152 university students watched a comedy every week,
how many students in total patronized the Cineplex?

(2 marks)

38

You may write in this section if you need additional space. Clearly number each question and part
attempted in this section (for example, Question 1(c)(i)).

39

You may write in this section if you need additional space. Clearly number each question and part
attempted in this section (for example, Question 1(c)(i)).

40