I.

Fill in the blanks:

1. _____________ controls the way things move and responsible for the motion of the Sun, the Moon and
the stars in our sky as well.
2. __________________ is responsible for seasons.
3. ___________________ is composed of the Sun and the collection of celestial bodies that orbit it. These
include the nine planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto).
4. At ______________ the Earth is nearest from the Sun.
5. At _______________ the Earth is farthest from the Sun.
6. The two points at which the ecliptic crosses the equator are called _______________.
7. When the sun reaches its maximum declination of about 23o 25 N or S is called ______________.
8. The ______________________ is the longest day of the year.
9. The _______________________ is the shortest day of the year.
10. The __________________ is an imaginary sphere of gigantic radius with the earth located at its center.
11. The _______________________ is best understood as a projection of the terrestrial coordinate system.
12. On the celestial sphere latitude becomes _____________________.
13. Longitude becomes ______________________, measured from the vernal equinox.
14. _______________________ is similar to a parallel of latitude on earth.
15. The horizon coordinate system is based on the ______________________________.
II Multiple Choices:
1. What is the name of the sextant altitude correction that compensates for the fact that the observer is on
the surface of the earth rather than at the center?
a. augmentation
c. dip
b. parallax
d. deflection of the vertical
2. Which of the following corrections corrects a sighted sextant angle (Hs) from the visible to the sensible
horizon?
a. index error
b. dip
c. refraction
d. altitude correction
3. A position obtained by observation of celestial bodies is called:
a. DR position
b. Assumed position c. Observed position

d. Estimated position

4. Standard time applied at sea according to the zone which is 15 degrees or one hour is:
a. apparent time
b. civil time
c. zone time
d. mean time
5. Time based upon the true position of the sun as distinguished from mean time which is measured by a
fictitious sun moving at a uniform rate is called:
a. apparent time
b. civil time
c. zone time
d. mean time

6. Time reckoned at each particular places from an epoch determined by the local convenience is called:
a. local apparent time b. local civil time
c. local zone time
d. local mean time
7. A delicate time piece used to indicate the GMT is called:
a. stop watch
b. chronograph
c. chronometer

d. time signal

8. The earths axis has a fixed inclination from a line perpendicular to the plane of the orbit. This
inclination is equals to:
a. 23o 27
b. 1 radian
c. 66.75o
d. 3.14159
9. Reflected angle is equal to the angle of incidence is one of the three optical principles in the construction
of a:
a. sextant
b. pelorous
c. compass
d. gyro compass
10. The best heavenly body to observe for longitude is the :
a. moon
b. sun
c. star

d. planets

11. The method in which you observe the true altitude of the sun and subtract from 90o to get your ZX then
applying your declination either plus or minus to get your observe latitude is:
a. ex meridian
c. longitude factor
b. meridional zenith distance
d. none of these
12. The time measured by hour angle of the mean sun plus 12 hours if less than 12 hours and minus 12
hours if more than 12 hours.
a. apparent time
b. sidereal time
c. mean time
d. none of these
13. The time measured on celestial equator from Lower branch of the observers meridian westward to hour
circle through the sun from 0 hour to 24 hour.
a. local mean time
b. zone time
c. local apparent time d. sidereal time
14. When the equation of time is taken from the Nautical almanac for the use in celestial observation, it is
used to determine:
a. local mean time
b. sunrise
c. zone time
d. local apparent noon
15.The difference of latitude between the geographical position and your position, at the time of upper
transit is represented by:
a. zenith distance
b. coaltitude
c. altitude
d. codistance
III Problem Solving:
1. The zone time in Longitude 169o 25W was 11H 30M 27S. Find the local mean time.
2. At GMT 08H 30M 15s, the chronometer reads 08H 31M 18S. What is the chronometer error?
Solution:
3. Aldebaran was observed on the meridian bearing South with a true altitude of 45o 5.2,
declination 10o 40.2 N. Find the latitude at time of sight
4. On May 30, 2006 at 09H 30M 00S GMT, the true altitude (Ho) of the sun was observed to be 70o 05.
The vessel is DR 25o 32 S, 09o 34E. Declination of the sun is 11o 47s and the GHA is 005o 35. Find the
true azimuth and intercept.