Learning Objectives
Upon completing this program, the participant should be
able to:
Page 1
How does the cost of asphalt
compare with concrete?
Asphalt Concrete;
delivered price Delivered
1.8 ton =1cy Price/CY
$50/ton x1.8 = $90/CY $90/CY
Structural value/in Structural value/in
equals .34 equals .50
NOTE: THESE PRICES ARE FOR EXAMPLE ONLY AND ARE NOT REPRESENTATIVE OF A
Portland Cement Association market research SPECIFIC REGION AND ARE NOT TO BE USED FOR FOR BIDDING OR PRICING JOBS.
Asphalt has dominated the
IT’S TIME TO TALK paving market.
CONCRETE!!
• Oil and asphalt prices have
provided an inexpensive
paving surface for over 200
years.
• In 1973 crude oil was
$3/barrel, plentiful, and easy
to find and asphalt tar was
practically given away.
• Crude oil price source: US Census info.
The first recorded asphalt road was built in 600 What is Bitumen?
B.C. In 1876, President Grant selected a group of
army engineers to study the use of asphalt on • Bitumen or Asphalt Oil is the heavy tar‐like
roads. residue left over from a barrel of crude after
the refining process is completed.
• Bitumen is the cement in
Asphalt and what causes
asphalt pricing to be
very unstable.
Page 2
*Slide from “Asphalt Supply in a Volatile
Oil World” - ConocoPhillips Co.
Oil Barrel Refinement Breakdown Too often, I hear from contractors and
ready mix producers:
• Is this you?
• We can’t compete
with Asphalt.
• Cu$tomers are only
focused on the
price…
• There is not a
market in our
area!!!
Why are concrete contractors not We need more quality concrete
taking advantage of the parking lot contractors involved to sell concrete
opportunity? parking lots.
• Concrete contractors have other means
of revenue.
• Most contractors don’t understand
marketing.
Page 3
Buyers are not given a choice
A proactive approach
or even know there’s a choice
• Be a salesperson and not an order taker
or estimator.
• Offer a concrete alternate even when
not asked for.
• Offer design assistance and links to
industry websites.
Educate your potential new
customers.
• It's your job to help a potential client make
the right choice.
• You are the expert. Share your experience.
• Provide your customer with:
– References.
– Photos
– Literature (available from ASCC, NRMCA, PCA,
ACPA and local Ready Mix Assn.)
Trends in the pavement industry Buyers choices
• Increased awareness of our dependence of • Appearance
foreign oil and the impact on the asphalt industry • American made
• Decreased buying power for facility managers • Environmentally friendly
budgets with the rising cost of bituminous • Fuel economy
products • Handling, performance
• “Green” initiatives have brought environmental • Initial cost
issues to the parking lot industry. • Insurance cost
– Questions of Sustainability • Maintenance
• Options
– Environmental impact of asphalt and concrete
pavements • Quality
• Resale
– Pervious and porous pavements (asphalt & • Safety
concrete) • Status
Page 4
Build a local team to design and
promote and sell concrete parking lots.
• Local Ready Mix Producers • Property owners
• Civil Engineers and Architects • Property managers
• Site Contractors • Design/Build companies
• Concrete Contractors • Construction management companies
• General Contractors
• Government bodies
If it is specified
Our teams need the right tools;
asphalt, then what?
• The new CPA software from NRMCA
• The NRMCA flip charts and CDs • Ask to bid concrete as alternate and do it
• ACI 330R ‐08 Design of plain concrete parking lots early.
• B.U.D. Building Under Design reports. • Bid an equivalent structural design in
• An understanding of the benefits and value concrete and an alternate if necessary for a
concrete provides over asphalt. recommended design. Don’t over design it.
• A proactive approach • Explain life‐cycle cost analysis.
• A positive attitude • Educate the decision makers on the benefits of
concrete pavement.
Dear Mr. Smart
Dear Mr. Concrete
We at Swederski Concrete & Paving LLC have reviewed the civil drawings, specifications and geotechnical report for
I enjoyed our discussion on the merits of considering concrete paving as an alternate to asphalt paving shown
the Light Vehicle Maintenance Facility project and noticed that the parking area has two lots – one specified to on our plans sheet C.028 detail 2. I am impressed by the maintenance window of 20 years for concrete
receive asphalt paving and the other to receive a gravel surface. The bid documents, also, call for an alternate to paving vs. 10 years for asphalt which will probably also require some patching and/or resealing within the
supply asphalt paving in lieu of the gravel surface. first 3 to 5 years. I am also intrigued with the sustainable benefits noted in your originating email
below. And in discussing the comparative initial costs you advised that petroleum‐based asphalt has
As concerned citizens and contractors we would like to encourage the City of Oil to entertain an alternate price for increased in cost due to the crazy run up on commodities pricing on oil, so now concrete is very close to
concrete paving in lieu of asphalt, as well as, an alternate price for concrete paving in lieu of the gravel asphalt in base costs.
surface. Today concrete and asphalt are comparable in upfront cost yet provide an environmentally friendly and
sustainable solution to asphalt. Based on above, and given that this is an owner who will hold onto, and maintain this property for many‐
many years, ABC Architecture is willing to consider concrete paving as an alternate to the asphalt. Therefore,
We can use the recommendations listed in the geotechnical report for the concrete paving design (CBR value of 5) or to assist us in inserting this as a new alternate (via forthcoming Addendum), please submit to us an
our design team can recommend a concrete pavement design based on ACI 330R‐08 Guide for the Design and equivalent concrete paving design that will equal, or exceed, the performance of the asphalt cross sections
Construction of Concrete Parking Lots as reported by the American Concrete Institute. shown on our plans sheet C.028 detail 2
We feel the use of concrete paving would give the tax payers in the metropolitan area the best value for a project of
this nature in several categories: We discussed an outline of this design in our phone discussion, as follows:
• Concrete thickness: 8”
Upfront competitive cost with asphalt (Please review the attached chart showing concrete vs asphalt pricing over • Reinforcement: Not required
the last 5 years) • Control joint, or contraction joint spacing: 15’ x 15’ pattern
Minimal long term maintenance cost as compared to the endless sealing and patching required of asphalt • Thickness of crusher run gravel: None required if concrete is poured out onto a properly compacted sub‐
grade
Reduction in energy cost (due to the reflectivity of concrete there can be a potential reduction in site lighting)
Reduces heat island effect With this equivalent design in hand we should be able to craft the wording for a new alternate for concrete
Protects our water supply unlike asphalt which can containment our water supply with harmful toxins due to run off paving in lieu of asphalt; and, a new alternate for paving the gravel lot with concrete design in lieu of
Remember Concrete is 100% locally made asphalt.
Concrete helps in LEED accreditation
Thank you for your interest in this project.
Please let us know if it will be acceptable to submit an alternate for concrete paving in lieu of asphalt paving for this
Mr. Smart
project.
PS to Mr. Asphalt: ABC Architecture did not consider concrete paving during this project’s design and CD
phases but we are amenable to now consider it as an alternate as outlined above.
Page 5
A great tool to use for a concrete
comparison is the CPA software.
CPA (Concrete Pavement Analyst)
• The CPA is a great Promotion Tool
• It assists promoters in differentiating
between asphalt and concrete parking lots
• It is intended to provide comparisons of
design and life‐cycle costing.
Page 6
www.concreteparking.org www.concreteparking.org
For Designers to
• Benefits Use this for quick
• Applications reference for design.
• Resources – Preparing the
• Links Subgrade
• Publications – Material &
• Pervious Concrete Proportions
• Concrete vs. – Thickness
Asphalt – Jointing
– Construction
Practices
www.concreteparking.org www.concreteparking.org
• For Owners • For
– Durability environmentally
– Economical conscious persons
– Safe • Environmental
– Upscale Benefits of
Appearance Concrete
– Environmentally
Friendly
Available
Through
NRMCA’s Partnership
LEED™ of NRMCA
Reference and Your
Guide State
Association
Page 7
We need the right equipment for the job.
Concrete
Contractors cannot
compete without
modern equipment
45 46
In a down economy ,
you can ramp up or lay low.
• Be a salesperson and not an order taker
or estimator.
• Offer a concrete alternate even when
not asked for.
• Offer design assistance and links to
industry websites.
47
Page 8
What works to sell parking lots? Become an expert in your field
• ACI/NRMCA/ASCC Certifications
• NRMCA/ASCC Parking lot courses
• ACI 330 R‐08 Design for Concrete Parking
Lots.
• Pervious certification
• Street Pave and CPA software
• Know the sustainable and environmental
advantages concrete has to offer.
Share you knowledge and experience Get to know your potential
customers and their needs
• Most pavement designers don’t understand
light duty concrete pavement designs.
Local Government Officials
• Many rely on DOT specs for streets and
parking lots. Developers
• Talk to your architects and engineers. Engineers/ Designers
• Invite them to watch one of the CPA Architects
software webinars with you.
Quality General Contractors
• Get them to take a fresh look at their
pavement designs. Provide the design tools Building Owners and Managers.
to them. ACI 330R‐08 and CPA software.
Build your team The formula for success
• Make a list of the site contractors. 1. Identify a potential parking lot project.
– Most have a close relationship with asphalt 2. Build a team (designer, supplier and
pavers contractor).
• Get to know who does their curbs and walks.
3. Get it sold.
• Talk to your Ready Mix producers and get
their sales team on board 4. Build it right.
• The cement sales persons in your area have a 5. Sell off the success of the first project.
lot to gain from your parking lot promotions.
• Get your equipment and suppliers on board.
Page 9
Develop a CONCRETE Find the right job for a concrete
PROMOTION CHECKLIST . local village hall.
pavement, such as a
• Does your company have a promotion budget?
• Do you have company literature on parking lots?
• Does your promotion material point out facts, figures, money‐saving
features, and benefits of your product?
• Do you use photos of local projects in promotion to personalize your
message?
• Do you make use of literature, visual aids, and other promotion materials
available from associations in the con‐crete industries?
• Does your firm periodically review and update names and addresses on its
mailing lists? Do you even have a mailing list?
• Do you have an attractive product or literature display at your office?
• Do you ever hold training programs or seminars for local contractors,
developers, architects or engineers
• Do you check with the register of building permits, bankers, lending
agencies, contractors, and others for leads on potential promotion projects?
• Have you analyzed your local area for potential markets for promotion? Do
you know the price of asphalt in your area.
• Do you set company goals each year? 56
A Civil Engineers Parking Lot
• This civil engineer
has many
potential parking
lot customers
coming into his
office daily…
LOOKING AT THIS!
Same civil engineers lot
with a new surface.
57 58
Finished Parking Lot: Think
Three Days After Placement Concrete Parking Lots
• Make it a priority to keep concrete parking
lots on your mind.
• Look at every project as having a potential
for a Concrete Parking Lot or street.
• Look at every asphalt lot new or old as a
potential job or future job.
• How many of you do business with someone
who has an asphalt parking lot?
Page 10
Benefits of a Concrete Parking Lot Benefits of a Concrete Parking Lot
• Construction Cost; • Performance
– Affordable and – Proven long life
competitively priced – Strength increases
with age
– Minimum sub‐base – No potholes, bumps,
preparation or wrinkles
– One pass completion – Evenly carries heavy
loads
– Resistance to freeze‐
thaw
Benefits of a Concrete Parking Lot Benefits of a Concrete Parking Lot
• Maintenance • Energy savings
• No scheduled • Less lighting needed with
re‐paving and savings as great as 35%
sealcoating • Lower ambient
• No loss of temperatures as much as 7
business during to 10 degrees due to less
repairs heat absorbtion.
• This means cooler buildings
and parked cars
Benefits of a Concrete Parking Lot Safety Performance Brighter at night
• Lower consumption of raw materials
– Cement, aggregates, steel
– Nothing imported. No foreign oil.
• Lower energy consumption
– I/3 less fuel used for construction
– Raw material processing fuel
– Rehab and reconstruction fuel
– Traffic congestion fuel
Page 11
Reduced Energy for Lighting Reduced Light Poles and Energy
Urban Heat Island Mitigation Energy Performance
• During daytime hours, concrete’s high reflectivity means that
Reduces the Heat Island Effect
more of the sun’s incoming radiation is reflected back into the
atmosphere, lowering the amount of heat absorbed by the
pavement and its surroundings.
• This in turn reduces the cooling requirement during the summer
heat, and can substantially lower the associated energy
demand.
Albedo–An Example
Rio Verde, AZ
72
Page 12
Benefits of a Concrete Parking Lot Benefits of a Concrete Parking Lot
• Environment
– Does not pollute our
• Price stability
waterways • Products mined, manufactured and
– Uses less raw materials sold in the US are not affected by
– No hazardous materials world currency fluctuations.
used
• Money spent on concrete paving
– Recycled materials can
be used‐ flyash, slag contributes to your local economy.
– Conserves petroleum
resources
Today buyers have a wide
It’s time for a change.
range of pavement choices
Full depth asphalt
Composite asphalt
Pervious asphalt
Asphalt over RCC
Concrete‐unreinforced
Concrete‐reinforced
Roller compacted concrete
Pervious concrete
77
Page 13
Whitetopping of
Concrete Parking Lots
Used to upgrade military & civil airports $22
15%
• Highway use $20
– Started approx. 1960
– Iowa counties have hundreds of miles of conventional $18
whitetopping 15%
$16
Asphalt (10-year lif e)
• First UTW
Concrete (20-year lif e)
– Louisville, KY landfill $14
Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09
– Use has been growing ever since
Monthly Average
Thin Slabs
(3 to 4 inches) Family of Concrete Overlays
Short Square Slabs
(4 to 6 ft.)
Concrete Overlays
Page 14
“Whitetopping”
Two Basic Varieties •Uses existing asphalt as
base
•Existing asphalt can be
milled if grades are a
problem…
•…or concrete can be
placed directly over the
existing asphalt…
•…leaving the thickest
concrete in the wheel
path or at the edge of
Conventional Ultra-thin pavement…
(don’t consider bond) (bond is key!)
•Where it does the
most good!
UTW vs. “Whitetopping” Bonding
The Key to UTW
• Whitetopping:
•Well‐established
•Proven pavement
rehabilitation technique
• Ultra‐Thin
Whitetopping:
•Incorporates new
technology & design
concepts
•Most rapidly growing
market niche in Illinois
Materials
Short Joints Reduce Stresses
Concrete mix is selected
based on requirements for
traffic opening
Fibers are an integral part
of mix design
Smaller top‐size of coarse 6’ 2’ 2’ 2’
aggregate
Fast track paving jobs use
mixes with compressive
strengths > 3000 psi in 24
hours
Page 15
Construction Steps Project Selection
Core Existing Asphalt Not A Candidate
Mill and Clean
Place finish and cure Good Candidate
Early Saw
Clean & Stripe
Open to Traffic
Clean Surface
Milled Surface
Concrete Placement
Finishing
Placement using
3‐D Laser Screed
Page 16
Texturing Curing
Pervious Concrete
Early Sawing
Pervious Concrete Pavement Pervious Pavement
• Best Practices for Stormwater
Management
– Reduce retention basins
– Reduce retention ponds
– Reduce need for edge drains
– Reduce runoff
– Reduce stormwater
contaminates
– Reduce urban heat island
Page 17
Pervious Concrete PERVIOUS CONCRETE
for Stormwater Management GENERAL DESCRIPTION
• Structural pavement with strengths between 2000 ‐ 4000+
PSI
• Limits disruption and Unit weight is current ASTM test
pollution of natural • Components:
water flows by Coarse aggregate, Portland cement, fly ash/slag, fibers,
water, admixtures
managing stormwater 0.30 water/cement ratio
runoff on site. • Void content of 20% is target, range of 15‐35%
• Pervious pavements • Designed to allow stormwater drainage to the sub‐grade for
filtration and ground water recharge
minimize impervious • System can be designed to meet Stormwater Quality and
surfaces Quantity requirements
PERVIOUS CONCRETE PERVIOUS CONCRETE
APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS TREE PROTECTION
•Parking Areas
•Driveways
•Sidewalks
•Trails
•Roadways
•Swales & Ditches
•Erosion Control
•Slope Protection
•Inlets
•Artificial Reefs, filters
PERVIOUS CONCRETE PERVIOUS CONCRETE DENVER, COLORADO
APPLICATIONS PUDDLE AND ICE REDUCTION
• Residential Pavements
• Road Shoulders
• Street Edges to keep
water out of Combined
Sewers
• Rip‐Rap Replacement
Inlets
Outlets
Slopes
Ditches
PERVIOUS CONCRETE ASPHALT
Page 18
Iowa State University ISU RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES
• Compressive Strength: 3000psi ‐ 4000psi
• Permeability k: 140 in/hr – 3000 in/hr
• Freeze‐thaw: 300 cycles (totally saturated)
• The ultimate goal at Iowa State University was to identify a
freeze‐thaw durable pervious concrete that would work in any
environment
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
COMPOSITE DESIGNS – FREQUENTLY USED
Decorative Finishes
• Mt. Angel Easy Storage ‐ Oregon
“It is better to be prepared for an
opportunity and not have one than to have Thank You!
Beijing Pervious Concrete
an opportunity and not be prepared.” This concludes the American Institute of Architects
Whitney M. Young, Jr.
Continuing Education Systems Program.
Any Questions?
Len Swederski;
Swederski Concrete Construction Inc.
And
Scott Haislip;
Rabine Companies/Concrete Lot. com
Page 19