WARNING
Dont become a casualty!
Beware of confined spaces where there is insufficient oxygen to support
life. Types of confined spaces include:
Approximate
Common Equivalents
Conversions Accurate to
Parts Per Million
1 inch
= 25 millimeters
inches x 25.4
1 foot
= 0.3 meter
feet x 0.3048
= meters
1 yard
= 0.9 meter
yards x 0.9144
= meters
= millimeters
1 mile
= 1.6 kilometers
miles x 1.609.34
= kilometers
1 sq inch
= 6.5 sq cm
sq inches x 6.4516*
= sq centimeters
1 sq foot
= 0.09 sq meter
sq feet x 0.0929030
= sq meters
1 sq yard
= 0.8 sq meter
sq yards x 0.836127
= sq meters
1 acre
= 0.4 hectare+
acres x 0.404686
= hectares
1 cu inch
= 16 cu cm
cu inches x 16.3871
= cu centimeters
1 cu foot
= 0.03 cu meter
cu feet x 0.0283168
= cu meters
1 quart (lq)
= 1 liter+
cu yards x 0.764555
= cu meters
1 gallon
= 0.004 cu meter
All data set forth herein is provided for general information only and
is based on generally accepted tests and on published data from
standard technical reference works. The accuracy or completeness of
any such information, test or data is not warranted in any way.
= liters
gallons x 0.00378541
= cu meters
1 horsepower
= 0.75 kilowatt
1 millimeter
= 0.04 inch
horsepower x 0.745700
1 meter
= 3.3 feet
1 meter
= 1.1 yards
meters x 3.28084
1 kilometer
= 0.6 mile
meters x 1.09361
= yards
kilometers x 0.621371
= miles
1 cu meter
= 35 cu feet
1 cu meter
= 1.3 cu yards
sq meters x 10.7639
1 cubic meter
= 250 gallons
sq meters x 1.19499
= sq yards
1 liter+
= 1 quart
hectares x 2.47104
= acres
1 gram
= 0.035 oz (avdp)
cu cm x 0.0610237
= cu inches
1 kilogram
cu meters x 35.3147
= cu feet
1 kilowatt
= 1.3 horsepower
cu meters x 1.30795
= cu yards
liters x 1.05669
= quarts (lq)
= kilowatts
= feet
= sq feet
cu meters x 264.172
= gallons
grams x 0.0352740
= ounces (avdp)
kilograms x 2.20462
= pounds (avdp)
kilowatts x 1.34102
= horsepower
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Page No.
Cryo-Cyl LP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44-45
Mega-Cyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46-47
Laser-Cyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48-49
Ultra Helium Dewar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50-51
Trifecta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52-53
Perma-Cyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54-55
Orca MicroBulk Delivery System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56-57
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58-60
Biological Systems
XC & SC Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61-63
Lab Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64-65
Vapor Shippers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66-67
Beverage Systems
Carbo-Mite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68-69
Carbo-Charger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70-71
Carbo-Mizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72-73
Carbo-Max 750 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74-75
CO2 Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76-77
CO2 Safety System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78-79
Vacuum Insulated Piping Systems
Cryogenic Piping Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80-81
Vaporizer Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
Conversion Factors:
Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Specific Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Refrigeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Velocity, Flow Rate, Thermal Conductivity & Temperature . . . . . . . . . . .93
Temperature Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
Decimal Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96-97
Miscellaneous Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
3
Name of Gas
Chemical Symbol
Molecular Weight
Color
Odor
Taste
Spec. Gravity (Air=1)
70F. 1 Atm.
Density lb Per cu ft
70F 1 Atm.
Spec Vol. cu ft
per lb 70F 1 Atm.
Density Satd Vapor,
lb per cu ft 1 Atm.
Normal Boiling Point F
Heat of Vaporization
BTU per Pound
Critical Pressure
Atmospheres, Abs.
lb per sq in, Abs.
Critical Temp. F
Triple Point Pressure
Atmosphere, Abs.
lb per sq in, Abs.
Triple Point Temp. F
Specific Heat Const.
Press
Ratio Specific Heats
Coeff. Viscosity,
Micropoises @77F
Thermal Conductivity,
32F
BTU/(sq ft)(Hr.)(F/ft)
Ionization Potential,
Volts
Exitation Potentials:
First Resonance
Potential, Volts
Metastable
Oxygen
O2
31.9988
None
None
None
Nitrogen
N2
28.0134
None
None
None
Argon
Ar
39.948
None
None
None
Helium
He
4.0026
None
None
None
Methane
CH4
16.043
None
None
None
Acetylene
C2H2
26.0382
None
Sweet
None
Hydrogen
H2
2.01594
None
None
None
Neon
Ne
20.183
None
None
None
Krypton
Kr
83.80
None
None
None
Xenon
Xe
131.30
None
None
None
Air
28.96
None
None
None
1.105
0.9669
1.395
0.13796
.5539
0.9053
0.0695
0.6958
2.898
4.56
1.0
0.08281
0.07245
0.1034
0.01034
.0415
0.06785
0.005209
0.05215
0.2172
0.3416
0.07493
12.076
13.803
9.671
96.71
24.096
14.7
192.0
19.175
4.604
2.927
13.3
0.27876
-297.33
0.2874
-320.36
0.35976
-302.55
1.0434
-452.1
.1134
-258.7
0.10800
-118.5*
0.083133
-423.0
0.5963
-410.8
0.536
-243.8
0.718
-162.5
91.7
85.6
70.1
223.3
344.8**
191.7
38.3
46.3
41.4
50.14
736.9
-181.08
33.54
492.9
-232.40
48.34
710.4
-188.12
2.26
33.2
-450.31
666.88
60.58
890.3
+95.32
12.98
190.8
-399.96
26.19
384.9
-379.75
54.3
798.0
-82.8
57.64
847.1
+61.86
0.00145
0.0213
-361.83
0.2199
@77F
1.396
@80.3F
0.1238
1.189
-346.01
0.2488
@77F
1.4014
@70F
0.68005
9.994
-308.8
0.1244
@77F
1.6665
@86F
None
None
1.2404
@77F
1.6671
@77F
1.7032
-296.45
.5339
@80F
1.305
@80F
1.2651
18.592
-112.99
0.4067
@80F
1.234
@77F
95.5
0.071
1.04
-434.56
3.4202
@77F
1.405
@77F
89.37
0.7220
10.61
-251.28
0.0597
@87F
1.701
@87F
251.71
0.8064
11.85
-169.18
0.0382
@77F
1.666
@68F
231.02
206.39
177.96
226.38
198.5
112
0.4273
6.28
-415.49
0.2462
@77F
1.642
@68F
313.81
@68F
0.0142
0.0139
0.00980
0.08266
@40F
.0193
@70F
0.0123
@80F
0.0973
0.021087
0.00501
0.00293
13.6
14.5
15.7
24.5
11.6
13.5
21.5
13.9
12.1
9.1
6.3
11.56
11.66
20.91
19.77
10.2
16.58
16.62
16.53
9.98
10.51
9.86
8.39
9.4
8.28
-116.67
88.3
0.2406
@80.3F
1.4017
@80.3F
184.67
@80F
0.0139
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide
0.0995
0.1663
0.2905
0.4165
131.2
60.4
60.4
19.4
0.0
23.4*
Heat Vaporization
-40
-69.83 triple
-69.83 point
-90.0
-109.25
-140.0
0.01970
0.0173
0.01571
0.01498
Density
732.7
490.6
291.1
200.4
+60.0
+32.0
0.0
-20
Gauge Pressure
(Lb/Sq In)
1057.0
Temperature
(F)
+88.41
Physical State
of CO2
Gas Only
above this point
Liquid and Gas
Liquid and Gas
Liquid and Gas
Liquid and Gas
S.C.F. (Standard Cubic Feet) Nitrous Oxide Gas are measured at 70F and 14.7 psia.
S.G. (Standard Gallons) Nitrous Oxide Gas are measured at 70F and 14.7 psia.
Liquid Nitrous Oxide quantities are measured at -127.2F and 14.7 psia.
28.3162
1
0.0353154
0.264178
176.00
23.528
2.701
0.00568
3.78533
1 Liter Liquid
0.001350
1
7.48052
4983.28
666.17
76.474
1 cu ft Liquid
0.038237
0.133680
0.000210
0.00150
1
666.17
1
0.13371
89.053
0.005111
10.223
7.675 x 10 -6
0.01535
70F 14.7 psia
1 Gallon Gas
1 Gallon Liquid
0.04250
0.001502
0.01124
7.4805
1
57.4 x 10 -6
0.1148
70F 14.7 psia
1 S.C.F Gas
0.37023
740.46
26.12
195.64
130.316
17.422
1
2000
1 Ton
Cu Ft/Liquid
0.01308
0.09782
Gallons/Liquid
S.G. Gas
65.158
8.711
S.C.F. Gas
Tons
0.0005
1
Pounds
1 Pound
Liters/Liquid
Nitrous Oxide
10
1.0
2.205
0.07245
2.757
6.745
1.782
1 Pound
1 Kilogram
1 SCF Gas
3
1 Nm Gas
1 Gal Liquid
1 L Liquid
1 Pound
1 Kilogram
1 SCF Gas
1 Nm3 Gas
1 Gal Liquid
1 L Liquid
0.4536
1.0
0.03286
1.2506
3.060
0.8083
Kilograms
(Kg)
0.4536
1.0
0.03756
1.4291
4.322
1.1417
1.0
2.205
0.05215
1.9840
10.065
2.661
1 Pound
1 Kilogram
1 SCF Gas
1 Nm3 Gas
1 Gal Liquid
1 L Liquid
1 Pound
1 Kilogram
1 SCF Gas
1 Nm3 Gas
1 Gal Liquid
1 L Liquid
Weight
0.4536
1.0
0.02366
0.8999
4.565
1.2070
Kilograms
(Kg)
0.4536
1.0
0.04690
1.7840
5.276
1.3936
19.175
42.27
1.0
38.04
193.2
51.03
Neon
Cubic Feet
(SCF)
9.671
21.32
1.0
38.04
112.5
29.71
Pounds
(Lb)
1.0
2.205
0.1034
3.933
11.630
3.072
Argon
13.803
30.42
1.0
38.04
93.11
24.60
Nitrogen
Cubic Feet
(SCF)
12.076
26.62
1.0
38.04
115.1
30.38
Oxygen
Pounds
(Lb)
1.0
2.205
0.08281
3.151
9.527
2.517
Weight
0.3627
0.7996
0.02628
1.0
2.447
0.6464
Cubic Meters
(Nm 3)
0.3174
0.6998
0.02628
1.0
3.025
0.7983
0.1481
0.3262
0.01074
0.4080
1.0
0.2642
Gallons
(Gal)
0.1050
0.2316
0.008691
0.3310
1.0
0.2642
Liquid
0.5606
1.2349
0.04065
1.5443
3.785
1.0
Liters
(L)
0.3977
0.8767
0.0329
1.2528
3.785
1.0
0.5040
1.1112
0.02628
1.0
5.077
1.3410
Cubic Meters
(Nm 3)
0.2543
0.5605
0.02628
1.0
2.957
0.7812
0.09928
0.2191
0.005177
0.19714
1.0
0.2642
Gallons
(Gal)
0.08600
0.18957
0.008893
0.3382
1.0
0.2642
Liquid
0.3758
0.8292
0.019594
0.7462
3.785
1.0
Liters
(L)
0.3255
0.7176
0.03366
1.2802
3.785
1.0
Gas
Gas
11
12
1.0
2.205
0.005209
0.19815
0.5906
0.15604
1 Pound
1 Kilogram
1 SCF Gas
1 Nm 3 Gas
1 Gal Liquid
1 L Liquid
1 Pound
1 Kilogram
1 SCF Gas
1 Nm 3 Gas
1 Gal Liquid
1 L Liquid
0.4536
1.0
0.002363
0.08988
0.2679
0.07078
Kilograms
(Kg)
0.4536
1.0
0.004690
0.17847
0.4728
0.1249
192.00
423.3
1.0
38.04
113.41
29.99
Hydrogen
Cubic Feet
(SCF)
96.71
213.2
1.0
38.04
100.80
26.63
Helium
1.0
2.205
0.3416
13.000
25.51
6.738
1 Pound
1 Kilogram
1 SCF Gas
1 Nm 3 Gas
1 Gal Liquid
1 L Liquid
1 Pound
1 Kilogram
1 SCF Gas
1 Nm 3 Gas
1 Gal Liquid
1 L Liquid
0.4536
1.0
0.15495
5.897
11.572
3.056
Kilograms
(Kg)
0.4536
1.0
0.09852
3.749
9.131
2.412
Pounds
(Lb)
1.0
2.205
0.2172
8.266
20.13
5.318
Weight
2.927
6.451
1.0
38.04
74.67
19.726
Xenon
Cubic Feet
(SCF)
4.604
10.147
1.0
38.04
92.69
24.51
Krypton
Pounds
(Lb)
1.0
2.205
0.01034
0.3935
1.0423
0.2754
Weight
5.047
11.126
0.02628
1.0
2.981
0.7881
Cubic Meters
(Nm 3)
2.542
5.603
0.02628
1.0
2.649
0.6998
1.6928
3.733
0.008820
0.3355
1.0
0.2642
Gallons
(Gal)
0.9593
2.115
0.009919
0.3775
1.0
0.2642
Liquid
6.408
14.128
0.03339
1.2699
3.785
1.0
Liters
(L)
3.631
8.006
0.03754
1.4289
3.785
1.0
0.07692
0.16958
0.02628
1.0
1.9623
0.5185
Cubic Meters
(Nm 3)
0.12098
0.2667
0.02628
1.0
2.436
0.6441
0.03921
0.08642
0.013392
0.5096
1.0
0.2642
Gallons
(Gal)
0.04967
0.10939
0.010773
0.4101
1.0
0.2642
Liquid
0.14840
0.3271
0.05069
1.9291
3.785
1.0
Liters
(L)
0.1880
0.4141
0.04078
1.5525
3.785
1.0
Gas
Gas
13
1 Pound
1 Ton
1 Kilogram
1 SCF Gas
1 Nm 3 Gas
1 Gal Liquid
1 L Liquid
1 Cu Ft Solid
14
Gas
Cubic Meters
(Nm 3)
0.2294
458.8
0.5058
0.02628
1.0
1.9431
0.5134
22.38
Cubic Feet
(SCF)
8.741
17,483.0
19.253
1.0
38.04
74.04
19.562
852.8
Pounds
(Lb)
1.0
2000.0
2.205
0.1144
4.359
8.470
2.238
97.56
Weight
Tons
(T)
0.0005
1.0
0.0011023
0.002180
0.004235
0.0011185
0.04880
Kilograms
(Kg)
0.4536
907.2
1.0
0.05189
1.9772
3.842
1.0151
44.25
Carbon Dioxide
Gallons
(Gal)
0.11806
236.1
0.2603
0.013506
0.5146
1.0
0.2642
11.518
Liquid
Liters
(L)
0.4469
893.9
0.9860
0.05113
1.9480
3.785
1.0
43.60
Solid
Cubic Feet
(Cu Ft)
0.010246
20.49
0.2260
0.0011723
0.04468
0.08678
0.02293
1.0
Nitrogen
1 lb Gaseous Nitrogen =
13.80 scf at 14.7 psia and
70F.
Hydrogen
1 lb. Gaseous Hydrogen =
192.0 scf at 14.7 psia
and 70F.
scf/mo
(millions) tons/day
scf/mo
(millions) tons/day
scf/mo
(millions) tons/day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
1.38
2.76
4.14
5.52
6.90
8.28
9.66
11.04
12.42
13.80
27.59
41.39
55.19
68.98
scf/mo
tons/day (millions)
10
12.5
25
50
75
100
7.25
9.06
18.12
36.24
54.36
72.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
1.21
2.42
3.62
4.83
6.04
7.25
8.45
9.66
10.87
12.08
24.15
36.23
48.30
60.38
scf/mo
tons/day (millions)
10
12.5
25
50
75
100
8.28
10.35
20.70
41.41
62.11
82.82
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20
30
40
50
0.087
0.174
0.26
0.35
0.43
0.52
0.61
0.69
0.78
0.87
1.74
2.60
3.47
4.34
scf/mo
tons/day (millions)
10
12.5
25
50
75
100
115.2
144
288
576
864
1152
15
Cp = H/t60
16
87.65
90.87
94.59
98.45
100.71
103.31
106.61
110.89
109.60
112.50
70.28
67.79
67.95
71.51
76.15
73.16
75.08
79.12
77.90
81.53
82.46
79.90
84.18
87.63
85.77
84.77
90.40
91.55
87.51
93.11
38.76
36.83
89.79
55.60
250
93.05
57.62
200
40.70
42.88
59.80
150
96.57
62.43
100
100.82
44.19
63.76
75
102.97
47.50
45.69
105.86
65.55
50
109.59
67.86
25
49.00
49.62
69.80
112.73
113.72
70.42
5
10
50.44
0.2022
0.2086
0.2145
0.2201
0.2253
0.2301
0.2346
0.2388
0.2428
0.2465
0.2500
0.2533
0.2564
0.2593
0.2620
0.2646
0.2671
0.2694
0.2716
0.2737
0.2757
0.2776
0.2795
0.2813
0.2830
0.2845
0.2860
0.2875
0.2889
0.2902
0.2915
0.2927
115.10
0.4285
0.2488
0.2493
0.2501
0.2511
0.2522
0.2535
0.2549
0.2564
0.2580
0.2596
0.2611
0.2627
0.2642
0.2657
0.2672
0.2686
0.2700
0.2713
0.2726
0.2739
0.2751
0.2763
0.2774
0.2784
0.2794
0.2804
0.2814
0.2823
0.2831
0.2840
0.2848
71.17
0.2482
0.2485
0.2488
0.2493
0.2500
0.2509
0.2520
0.2531
0.2544
0.2558
0.2572
0.2586
0.2600
0.2614
0.2628
0.2642
0.2656
0.2669
0.2682
0.2695
0.2707
0.2719
0.2732
0.2742
0.2753
0.2764
0.2774
0.2784
0.2793
0.2802
0.2811
0.2819
0.4448
0.4472
0.4499
0.4529
0.4562
0.4597
0.4634
0.4674
0.4715
0.4757
0.4800
0.4844
0.4888
0.4932
0.4976
0.5021
0.5066
0.5111
0.5156
0.5201
0.5245
0.5289
0.5334
0.5375
0.5415
0.5456
0.5496
0.5536
0.5575
0.5614
0.5652
0.5688
ARGON
3.420
3.434
3.442
3.448
3.452
3.455
3.458
3.462
3.466
3.470
3.475
3.480
3.487
3.494
3.501
3.510
3.519
3.528
3.538
3.549
3.460
3.572
3.584
3.596
3.608
3.620
3.632
3.644
3.656
3.668
3.680
3.692
Liquid
Density
Lbs/Ft3
0.2188
0.2203
0.2221
0.2240
0.2259
0.2279
0.2299
0.2318
0.2337
0.2355
0.2373
0.2390
0.2406
0.2420
0.2434
0.2448
0.2461
0.2473
0.2484
0.2495
0.2506
0.2517
0.2527
0.2536
0.2545
0.2554
0.2562
0.2570
0.2578
0.2585
0.2593
0.2600
Gas
Density
SCF/Gal
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
NITROGEN
CO2
Liquid
Density
Lbs/Ft3
CO
Gas
Density
SCF/Gal
N2
OXYGEN
H2O
Liquid
Density
Lbs/Ft3
H2
Saturation
Pressure
PSIG
O2
Gas
Density
SCF/Gal
t (F)
17
Comparison Charts
Pressure over liquid oxygen, nitrogen and argon compared
with temperature at which liquids boil
18
19
20
21
22
Flash loss due to pressure drop through the transfer line may be estimated
by use of Chart 1 Helium Flash Rate. Depressurization loss of liquid in the
container may be estimated by use of Chart 2 Helium Depressurization
Losses.
For example: Assume a helium container is discharging at a constant
pressure of 5 psig. From Chart 1 the flash loss is approximately 13.8%
of the liquid entering the transfer tube. From Chart 2 the loss from
depressurizing the container is approximately 12.5% of the liquid
remaining in the container.
23
24
14.7
14.7
14.7
73.5
-109
-109
-320
-288
Pressure
psia
14.7
14.7
Refrigerant
Temp F
32
-109
85.6
61.0
246.3
246.3
Latent Heat
BTU/lb
144.0
113.0*
94.0
95.0
29.8
29.8
Sensible Heat
BTU/lb
8.0
29.8
179.6
156.0
276.1
276.1
Total Heat
BTU/lb
152.0
149.8
Water ice has a liquid residue while remaining refrigerants are converted to the gas phase. CO2 snow is flashed from liquid CO2 at 314.7 psia storage pressure. Snow
yield is 46% by weight. Liquid carbon dioxide is stored at zero degrees and maintained at zero degrees by a mechanical refrigerator. This permits storage of liquid carbon
dioxide without loss. Dry ice pellets are manufactured by compressing CO2 snow in an extrusion machine. Liquid nitrogen losses are present during storage.
Refrigerant
Water Ice
Liquid CO2
(flashed to snow)
Dry Ice
Blocks
Pellets
Liquid Nitrogen
@ 1 atm
@ 5 atm
25
26
27
For lengths of pipe other than 100 feet, the pressure drop is proportional to the
length. Thus, for 50 feet of pipe, the air pressure drop is approximately one-half
the value given in the table. The pressure drop is also inversely proportional to the
absolute pressure and directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
To determine the pressure drop for inlet or average air pressures other than
100 psi and at temperatures other than 60F, multiply the values given in the table
by the formula:
100 + 14.7
P + 14.7
)(
460 + t
520
14.7
14.7 + P
)(
460 + t
520
d40 2
da
( )
\] Pa =
va = v40
P40
d40 5
da
( )
28
CFM
CFM
Free Air Compr. Air
at 60F and at 60F and
14.7 psia 100 psig
1
2
3
4
5
0.128
0.256
0.384
0.513
0.641
6
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
400
425
450
475
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
840
900
950
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1800
2000
0.769
1.025
1.282
1.922
2.563
3.204
3.845
4.486
5.126
5.767
6.408
7.690
8.971
10.25
11.53
12.82
16.02
19.22
22.43
25.63
28.84
32.04
35.24
38.45
41.65
44.87
48.06
51.26
54.47
57.67
60.88
64.08
70.49
76.90
83.30
89.71
96.12
102.5
108.9
115.3
121.8
128.2
141.0
153.8
166.6
179.4
192.2
205.1
203.7
256.3
3/8"
0.018
0.064
0.133
0.226
0.343
2.23
3.89
5.96
13.0
22.8
0.408
0.848
1.26
2.73
4.76
7.34
10.5
14.2
18.4
23.1
2 1/2"
0.019
0.023
0.029
0.044
0.062
0.083
0.107
0.134
0.164
0.191
0.232
0.270
0.313
0.356
0.402
0.452
0.507
0.562
0.623
0.749
0.887
1.04
1.19
1.36
1.55
1.74
1.95
2.18
2.40
2.89
3.44
4.01
4.65
5.31
6.04
7.65
9.44
3"
0.021
0.028
0.036
0.045
0.055
0.066
0.078
0.090
0.104
0.119
0.134
0.151
0.168
0.187
0.206
0.248
0.293
0.342
0.395
0.451
0.513
0.576
0.642
0.715
0.788
0.948
1.13
1.32
1.52
1.74
1.97
2.50
3.06
1/2"
0.020
0.042 3/4"
0.071
0.106 0.027
0.148
0.255
0.356
0.334
1.43
2.21
3.15
4.24
5.49
6.90
8.49
12.2
16.5
21.4
27.0
0.037
0.062
0.094
0.201
0.345
0.526
0.748
1.00
1.30
1.62
1.99
2.85
3.83
4.96
6.25
7.69
11.9
17.0
23.1
30.0
1"
0.019
0.029
0.062
0.102
0.156
0.219
0.293
0.379
0.474
0.578
0.819
1.10
1.43
1.80
2.21
3.39
4.87
6.60
8.54
10.8
13.3
16.0
19.0
22.3
25.8
29.6
33.6
37.9
1 1/4"
0.026
0.039
0.055
0.073
0.095
0.116
0.149
0.200
0.270
0.350
0.437
0.534
0.825
1.17
1.58
2.05
2.59
3.18
3.83
4.56
5.32
6.17
7.05
8.02
9.01
10.2
11.3
12.5
15.1
18.0
21.1
24.3
27.9
31.8
35.9
40.2
1 1/2"
0.019
0.026
0.035
0.044
0.055
0.066
0.94
0.126
0.162
0.203
0.247
0.380
0.537
0.727
0.937
1.19
1.45
1.75
2.07
2.42
2.80
3.20
3.64
4.09
4.59
5.09
5.61
6.79
8.04
9.43
10.9
12.6
14.2
16.0
18.0
20.0
22.1
26.7
31.8
37.3
2"
0.019
0.027
0.036
0.046
0.058
0.070
0.107
0.151
0.205
0.264
0.331
0.404
0.484
0.573
0.673
0.776
0.887
1.00
1.13
1.26
1.40
1.55
1.87
2.21
2.60
3.00
3.44
3.90
4.40
4.91
5.47
6.06
7.29
8.63
10.1
11.8
13.5
15.3
19.3
23.9
29
30
300SSU
1.42
2.65
5.30
8.10
15.60
25.10
44.50
91.00
164.0
267
550
1,010
1,610
2,160
3,020
4,100
5,500
4.70
9.20
18.9
28.4
54.7
87.4
154
317
573
930
1910
3,480
5,590
7,250
10,490
14,500
19,180
0.58
1..04
3.24
5.90
11.95
23.04
33.2
80.5
139
212
469
940
1,398
1,880
2,610
3,580
4,850
42.081
26.038
C2H6
C3H8
C2H4
C3H6
C2H2
Ethane
Propane
Ethylene
Propylene
Acetylene
28.010
28.054
44.097
30.070
16.043
CO
CH4
2.016
Methane
H2
Hydrogen
12.011
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon (Solid)
Name of Gas
500SSU
4.21
8.27
16.9
25.5
49.0
78.3
138
284
514
834
1,710
3,120
5,010
6,500
9,410
13,200
17,200
0.39
0.692
2.02
3.74
10.22
19.50
29.5
77
131
202
436
885
1,305
1,780
2,470
3,350
4,600
4.01
7.85
16.1
24.2
46.7
77.0
131
270
489
794
1,630
2,970
4,770
6,190
8,760
12,400
16,400
0.25
0.432
1.30
2.38
6.55
13.32
27.1
72
123
187
401
825
1,220
1,650
2,300
3,100
4,300
3.79
7.43
15.3
22.9
44.2
70.5
124
256
463
751
1,540
2,810
4,519
5,850
8,480
13,200
15,500
0.18
0.324
0.943
1.73
4.86
9.65
23.2
69.8
116
176
379
786
1,106
1,580
2,180
2,920
4,100
3.64
7.14
14.7
20.9
42.4
67.8
119
246
445
722
1,480
2,700
4,340
5,620
8,150
12,600
14,900
0.12
0.216
0.634
1.17
3.24
6.55
15.7
54
99.1
159
350
735
1,085
1,470
2,020
2,720
3,860
3.45
6.75
13.9
19.8
40.1
64.2
113
233
421
683
1,400
2,550
4,100
5,320
7,700
11,000
14,100
21,500
21,041
21,644
21,661
22,320
23,879
4347
61,100
14,093
Gross
20,776
19,691
20,295
19,994
20,432
21,520
4347
51,623
14,093
Net
Heat of Combustion
3.073
3.422
3.422
3.629
3.725
3.990
0.571
7.937
2.664
O2 +
10.224
11.385
11.385
12.074
12.394
12.257
1.900
26.407
8.863
N2 =
13.297
14.807
14.807
15.703
16.119
17.265
2.471
34.344
11.527
Air
3.21
5.66
12.9
19.4
37.4
59.8
105.0
217.0
392
570
1,310
2,380
3,820
4,960
7,180
10,100
13,100
3.381
3.138
3.138
2.994
2.927
2.744
1.571
3.664
CO2
0.692
1.285
1.285
1.634
1.798
2.246
8.937
H2P
10.224
11.385
11.385
12.074
12.394
13.275
1.900
26.407
8.863
N2
Products of Combustion
0.068
0.130
0.389
0.706
1.94
3.92
9.22
32.3
71
143
312
670
995
1350
1840
2500
3580
Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure Gravity Pressure
1. The flows are based on a loss of head due to friction of fluids in given pipe size for fairly smooth pipe and is considered reasonably conservative. (C = 100)
2. For pitched gravity piping, the loss is one (1) foot per hundred feet of pipe.
3. The pressure piping losses are based on a loss of ten (10) feet per hundred feet of pipe. For short runs and few fittings, use next size smaller pipe;
for long runs or many fittings, use a size larger.
4. This chart is designed for rapid sizing of pipe for central coolant systems only. For large complex piping refer to Cameron Hydraulic Data Book.
5. SSU = Standard Sabolt Unit (viscosity).
1 1/ 4
1 1/ 2
2
2 1/ 2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Pipe Size
Inches
3/ 4
Water
31
3,800
5,100
7,000
13,500
24,500
36,800
44,100
52,100
59,900
12,600
22,200
33,000
39,500
46,700
53,700
102
134
188
228
382
347
406
465
525
66
66
66
86
86
114
114
114
114
Nothing comes close to our new heavy-duty modular piping system for
performance and low maintenance. The features and benefits include:
All-welded, stainless-steel piping modules
Heavy duty bronze valves with extended bonnets
Valve bonnet uniformity to reduce spare parts inventory
Highest grade components for low to zero maintenance
Combination pressure building and economizer regulator for easy pressure
adjustment
Standard level pressure gauge is the telemetry-ready Tank-Tel electronic
gauge
491
845
1,509
3,037
5,841
9,084
11,145
13,119
15,093
540
929
1,585
3,158
6,075
9,447
11,480
13,513
15,545
VS 525NS
VS 900NS
VS 1500NS
VS 3000NC
VS 6000NC
VS 9000NC
VS 11000NC
VS 13000NC
VS 15000NC
175
175
175
175
175
175
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
(% / day)
NER**
Weight***
(lbs)
Height
Diameter
in
psig
Working
Pressure*
Gal
Nominal
Capacity
Gal
Gross
Capacity
Model
.55
.45
.33
.25
.15
.10
.10
.10
.10
VS Series Specifications
VS Series
Optional level gauges include ITT Barton Model 288A with alarm contacts or
Tank-Tel gauge with DataQuest Telemetry
32
33
57.0
175
175
49.7
41.4
175
175
34.9
575
114
114
516
457
114
114
398
.10%
.10%
.10%
.10%
1,697
1,737
1,405
1,221
1,037
845
1,475
1,253
1,022
1,509
1,282
1,045
13,119
13,513
11,480
9,447
11,000
9,000
11,145
13,000
9,084
15,000
15,093
15,545
Siphon 100
23.7
175
175
14.4
423
86
86
271
.15%
.25%
543
282
672
657
341
349
6,075
3,158
3,000
3,037
6,000
5,841
34
lbs x 1000
Empty Weight
175
psig
Working Pressure
12.0
inches
Height
86
inches
Diameter
228
.25%
% per day
NER (O2)
Performance
214
1000 x scf
Gas (N2)
259
1000 x scf
Gas (Ar)
265
1000 x scf
Gas (O2)
2,416
gallons
gallons
Liquid (Net)
Liquid (Gross)
Capacity
SPECIFICATIONS
Model
2,000
2,301
35
350
406
114
56,900
287
114
39,600
30 Ton
350
50 Ton
45.8
48.1
29.6
31.1
36
228
86
17,400
188
68
9,400
* Tare Weight
(in)
(in)
(lbs)
Dimensions
Height
Diameter
Weight*
350
350
Maximum Allowable Working Pressure
(psig)
6.4
6.8
Capacity
Net
Gross
Tons CO2
Tons CO2
6 Ton
SPECIFICATIONS
Model
14 Ton
12.6
13.2
37
38
Flow capability rating down to 15% contents level with a maximum fall off in tank operating pressure of 15 psi.
18,000
9,000
9,000
18,000
66
188
6,900
.35
66
134
5,100
.45
86
228
13,500
.25
1,585
1,509
250
929
845
250
3,158
3,037
250
VS-DSS 1500
VS-DSS 900
SPECIFICATIONS
Model
VS-DSS 525
Capacity
Gross (gal)
540
Nominal (gal)
491
MAWP (psig)
250
Dimensions
Diameter(in)
66
Height (in)
102
Weight* (lbs)
4,000
NER
(% /day in O2) .55
Flow Capability
(SCFH)
9,000
VS-DSS 3000
VS-6000-DSS
86
382
24,500
.15
VS-DSS Specifications
6,075
5,841
250
VS-DSS SERIES
39
VS 1500NS
1,585
1,509
400/500
66
188
8,400/9,500
5,900/3,600
.33
VS 3000NC
3,158
3,037
400/500
86
228
6,400/3,800
6,400/3,800
.25
40
SPECIFICATIONS
VS 6000NC
6,075
5,841
400/500
86
382
29,700/33,000
7,900/4,700
.15
VS 9000NC
9,447
9,084
400
114
347
44,800
7,500
.10
VS 11000NC
11,480
11,145
400
114
406
53,700
8,100
.10
VS 13000NC
13,513
13,119
400
114
465
62,700
8,600
.10
VS 15000NC
15,545
15,093
400
114
525
72,200
14,400
.10
Headline To Go Here.
VS High Pressure Specifications
Model
VS 900NS
Gross Capacity (gal)
929
Nominal Capacity (gal)
845
Working Pressure* (psig)
400/500
Diameter
(in)
66
Height
(in)
134
Weight**
(lbs)
6,000/6,700
Flow Capability* (SCFH) 5,200/3,100
NER
(% /day in O2) .45
41
42
26
57.8
360
350
4L292
26
57.8
340
230
4L200
26
52.9
340
350
4L292
26
52.9
300
230
4L200
20
65.8
320
350
4L292
20
65.8
280
230
4L200
20
63.5
300
350
4L292
20
63.5
260
230
4L200
176
165
3,685
4,577
4,448
2%
350
20
59.6
250
230
4L200
liters
liters
ft 3
ft 3
ft 3
ft 3
ft 3
% per day
% per day
ft 3/hr
ft 3/hr
Performance
NER (N)
NER (CO2 - N2O)
Gas Flow (N2, O2, Ar)
Gas Flow (CO2 or N2O)
20
59.6
280
350
4L292
2.0%
400
1.8%
0.5%
400
110
1.8%
400
1.85%
0.5%
400
110
1.85%
400
1.9%
0.5%
350
110
276
265
5,769
7,186
6,982
240
230
4,734
5,930
5,763
4614
4378
240
230
5,024
6,244
6,073
209
196
4,072
5,048
4,932
4011
3810
160MP
Size/Pressure
SPECIFICATIONS
Model
Capacity
Liquid (Gross)
Liquid (Net)
Gas (N)
Gas (O2)
Gas (Ar)
Gas (CO2)
Gas (N2O)
160HP
180MP
180HP
1.9%
350
2%
0.5%
350
110
200MP
209
196
4,375
5,435
5,290
200HP
196
185
3,864
4,843
4,709
3,766
3,574
230MP
196
185
4,099
5,096
4,961
230HP
265MP
176
165
3,464
4,348
4,226
3,382
3,207
265HP
2.0%
0.5%
400
110
Dura-Cyl Specifications
276
265
5,438
6,811
6,634
5,305
5,034
Dura-Cyl
43
Cryo-Cyl LP
Cryo-Cyl LP Specifications
26
54.8
311
22
4L100
26
54.8
275
22
4L100
SPECIFICATIONS
Model
Size
Capacity
Liquid (Gross)
(liters)
Liquid (Net)
(liters)
Performance
NER (N)
(% per day)
NER (O2 or Ar)
(% per day)
Dimensions & Pressure Ratings
Diameter
(inches)
Height
(inches)
Empty Weight
(lbs)
Relief Valve Setting (psig)
DOT/CTC Rating
20
51
165
22
4L100
20
39.5
165
350
4L292
20
63.5
210
22
4L100
1.5%
1.0%
1.5%
1.0%
2.0%
1.4%
3.0%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
240
230
240
230
120
110
85
80
196
185
120*
80*
180
230RB*
230SB**
45
46
Examine the rugged, maneuverable Mega-Cyl liquid cylinder and youll find all
the quality features you expect from the industry leader, Chart Industries.
450
428
8,875
11,111
10,812
8,652
1.4%
575
195
30
62
34
34
74
1,275
350
4L292
450
428
9,589
11,474
11,003
1.4%
575
30
62
34
34
74
1,250
250
4L212
42
67
45
45
80
2,500
350
ASME
1.2%
880
280
880
800
19,672
24,320
23,767
16,255
800HP
42
76
45
45
80
2,650
350
ASME
.9%
960
300
1,056
950
23,363
28,843
28,234
18,580
1000HP
Maximum Versatility
450HP
450MP
Model
Size/Pressure
Capacity
Liquid (Gross)
(liters)
Liquid (Net)
(liters)
Gas (N)
(ft 3)
Gas (O2)
(ft 3)
Gas (Ar)
(ft 3)
Gas (CO2)
(ft 3)
Performance
NER (O2)
(% per day)
Gas Flow (N, O2, Ar)
(ft 3 / hr)
Gas Flow (CO2 or N2O) (ft 3 / hr)
Dimensions & Pressure Ratings
Diameter (cylinder)
(in)
Height (cylinder)
(in)
Base Width (frame)
(in)
Base Depth (frame)
(in)
Height (frame)
(in)
Tare Weight (cyl + frame) (lbs)
Relief Valve Setting
(psig/bar)
DOT/CTC Rating
SPECIFICATIONS
Mega-Cyl
Mega-Cyl Specifications
47
Laser-Cyl
Laser-Cyl Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS
Model
Size / Pressure
Capacity
Liquid (Gross)
(liters)
Liquid (Net)
(liters)
Gas (N)
(ft 3)
Gas (O2)
(ft 3)
Gas (Ar)
(ft 3)
Gas (CO2)
(ft 3)
Gas (N20)
(ft 3)
Performance
NER (N)
(% per day)
NER (O2 or Ar)
(% per day)
NER (CO2 or N2O)
(% per day)
Gas Flow (N, O2, Ar)
(ft 3/hr)
Gas Flow (CO2 or N2O)
(ft 3/hr)
Dimensions & Pressure Ratings
Diameter (Cylinder)
(in)
Height (Cylinder)
(in)
Base Width (Frame)
(in)
Base Depth (Frame)
(in)
Base Height (Frame)
(in)
Tare Weight
(lbs)
Relief Valve Setting
(psig)
DOT/CTC Rating
200VHP
450VHP
204
200
3,588
4,770
4,642
3,609
3,408
450
428
7,922
10,519
10,241
7,960
7,516
1.8%
1.12%
0.5%
350
110
1.8%
1.12%
0.5%
575
180
20
65.8
375
500
4L412
30
61.3
34
34
73.8
1,265*
500
4L412
Quality Features:
Automatic pressure builder and economizer systems maintain optimal
operating pressure
49
52
77.4
67.5
1,050
10
12
42
70.6
56.4
480
10
12
32
67.4
54.4
348
10
12
24
59
43.8
212
10
12
24
50.1
35
184
10
12
(% per day)
(psig)
Performance
NER
MAWP
1.0%
10
1.0%
10
1.0%
10
1.25%
10
66
60
(liters)
(liters)
1.75%
10
1,050
1,000
550
500
275
250
60
Size
The controls are conveniently located on the top of the dewar, with nesting fill
couplings to accept various standard transfer lines. The optional electric
pressure builder can increase pressure quickly for liquid transfer, and has two
pre-set ranges (4 & 8 psi) for efficient liquid helium withdrawal:
Maximum durability and light weight
SPECIFICATIONS
Available in sizes ranging from 60 to 1,000 liters, the Ultra Helium Dewars are
suitable for air transport with an optional absolute pressure relief valve. The
neck tube has a unique, proven support system that allows these dewars to
survive constant transportation. All models are nonmagnetic for MRI service.
Model
Capacity
Liquid (Gross)
Liquid (Net)
100
250*
500
110
100
1000
Durability and
High Performance
51
Trifecta
Trifecta Specifications
System Requirements
External vaporizer, minimum 550 psig working pressure, sized for maximum flow rate
Two piping connections to bulk storage tank (liquid withdrawal, low phase instrument line)
DIMENSIONS
Height
Length
Width
Weight 5K
Weight 10K
Weight 15K
96"
47"
55"
1,700 lbs.
1,750 lbs.
1,800 lbs.
2,440 mm
1,195 mm
1,400 mm
770 kg
795 kg
815 kg
Trifecta is the preferred solution for reliable and continuous laser assist gases
for pressures up to 450 psi and flow rates up to 15,000 scfh. Drawing liquid
from a standard bulk tank, the Trifecta system boosts the liquid pressure by
alternately feeding two liquid cylinders equipped with innovative multi-function
pressure building vaporizers.
Product Highlights:
On-site system utilizes standard low-pressure bulk tank to lower investment
and use existing assets.
No downtime - system maintains pressure and flow when bulk tank is filled
and eliminates excessive product losses associated with high pressure bulk
tanks.
Robust design features streamlined - all stainless steel piping with only five
control valves and one integrated electronic control system (PLC) for
increased durability and reliability with lower maintenance.
Tank-Tel and Cyl-Tel monitor systems for user-friendly pressure and level
measurement and control.
52
53
Features
Very low NER/product loss
Designed for very fast, automatic fills utilizing the Orca delivery system
Unique auto shut-off feature allows remote filling with optional wall box and hose
54
55
All
1)
2)
3)
26
660
26
660
340
154
N/A
--
133
3.8
62
1,575
400
10.5
400
10.5
340
154
2.0%
1.4%
--
1,8%
1.12%
.6%
52.9
1,344
N/A
--
7,186
189
5,930
168
6,982
183
5,769
152
4,734
134
5,763
163
125
8.6
DOT
300
20.7
DOT
4,500
118
235
16.2
350
24.1
450
204
68
1,727
26
660
N/A
--
500
14.1
1.2%
0.74%
.4%
N/A
--
8,850
234
9,100
184
7,380
193
250
17.2
ASME
300
20.7
330
300
688
312
68
1,727
30
762
192
5.4
575
15.1
1.9%
1.2%
.6%
8,312
235
10,812
306
11,124
315
8,875
271
300
20.7
DOT
350
24.1
450
420
450L
HP
Plate
Base
605
274
68
1,727
30
762
192
5.4
575
15.1
1.6%
1.0%
.5%
N/A
--
12,478
328
12,760
336
10,332
272
125
8.6
ASME
250
17.2
450
420
450L
MP
Plate
Base
688
312
68
1,727
30
762
192
5.4
575
15.1
1.6%
1.0%
.5%
8,200
232
12,478
328
12,760
336
10,332
272
300
20.7
ASME
350
24.1
450
420
450L
HP
Plate
Base
812
368
68
1,727
30
762
192
5.4
575
15.1
1.6%
1.0%
.5%
8,200
232
12,478
328
12,760
336
10,332
272
450
31.0
ASME
500
34.5
450
420
450L
VHP
Plate
Base
1,065
483
60
1,524
42
1,067
220
6.2
660
18.6
1%
0.62%
.3%
12,608
357
19,160
542
19,600
554
15,860
449
300
20.7
ASME
350
24.1
688
645
700L
HP
Plate
Base
Argon
SCF
6,073
6,073
5,763
Nm3
172
172
163
Carbon Dioxide
SCF
N/A
N/A
4,500
3
Nm
--118
THERMAL PERFORMANCE (2) (NER%/DAY)
N2
1.8%
1.8%
1.8%
O2-Ar
1.12%
1.12%
1.12%
CO2
.6%
.6%
.6%
GAS DELIVERY RATE (LIN/LAR/LOX)
SCF/H
400
400
400
Nm3/h
10.5
10.5
10.5
GAS DELIVERY RATE (CO2
SCF/H
N/A
N/A
133
Nm3/h
--3.8
DIMENSIONS
Diameter
In
26
26
26
mm
660
660
660
Height
In
54.8
52.9
54.8
mm
1,392
1,344
1,392
Tare Weight
Lbs
300
300
340
Kg
136
136
154
276
265
300L
MP
Plate
Base
1,750
794
81
2,058
42
1,067
320
9.0
960
25.2
1%
0.62%
.3%
19,960
564
29,400
832
30,070
850
24,350
689
300
20.7
ASME
350
24.1
1,056
950
1000L
HP
Plate
Base
2,080
945
81
2,058
42
1,067
320
9.0
960
25.2
1%
0.62%
.3%
19,960
564
29,400
832
30,070
850
24,350
689
450
31.0
ASME
500
34.5
1,056
950
1000L
VHP
Plate
Base
2,692
1,221
91
2,311
48
1,219
450
12.7
1,350
35.4
1%
0.62%
.3%
29,340
830
43,220
1,223
44,220
1,250
35,790
1,013
300
20.7
ASME
350
24.1
1,550
1,455
1500L
HP
Pallet
Base
265L
MP
Sq Base
w/casters
230L C
HP,LCCM
Rnd Base
w/casters
3,200
1,451
91
2,311
48
1,219
450
12.7
1,350
35.4
1%
0.62%
.3%
29,340
830
43,220
1,223
44,220
1,250
35,790
1,013
450
31.0
ASME
500
34.5
1,550
1,455
1500L
VHP
Pallet
Base
3,860
1,751
117
2,970
48
1,219
667
17.5
2,000(3)
52.4
1%
0.62%
.3%
38,048
1,000
57,786
1,519
59,089
1,553
47,847
1,257
450
31.0
ASME
500
34.5
2,042
1,945
2000L
VHP
Pallet
Base
DESCRIPTION 230L C
230L C
230L C
MP,LCCM
MP,LCCM
HP,LCCM
Sq Base
Rnd Base
Sq Base
w/casters
w/casters
w/casters
CAPACITY (Liters)
Gross
240
240
240
Net
230
230
230
MAWP
psig
235
235
350
bar
16.2
16.2
24.1
MAXIMUM PRE-SET OPERATING PRESSURE
psig
125
125
300
bar
8.6
8.6
20.7
DESIGN SPEC DOT
DOT
DOT
STORAGE CAPACITY (1)
Nitrogen
SCF
5,024
5,024
4,734
Nm3
142
142
134
Oxygen
SCF
6,244
6,244
5,930
177
177
168
Nm3
Perma-Cyl
Perma-Cyl Specifications
Orca Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS
Orca
HL-2000
***DOT NET Capacity (gal) 1,905
MAWP
(psig)
50
Length
(in)
198
Diameter
(in)
80
Height
(in)
87
Tare Weight*
(lbs)
7,800
Features:
Orca
HL-2800
2,559
50
242
80
87
8,700
Orca
HL-3300
3,020
50
271
80
87
9,800
* For MC338 tank only. For CGA 341 tank, lower operating
pressure, refer to factory for weights and dimensions.
** For Argon and Nitrogen Service
Design: ASME SEC VIII, Div. I / DOT MC-338 / CGA 341
A smart flow
metering system
monitors flow
electronically.
Back view
of Orca truck
56
57
Accessories
Accessories
Handling Carts
Chart provides a variety of
handling carts, roller bases,
and accessories to make the
transportation of liquid
cylinders safe and easy.
Hose
Stainless steel transfer lines that
remain flexible during liquid
transfer can be coupled with a
bronze phase separator.
Lo-Loss Filling System
Muffler
When attached to the vent
connection of the liquid cylinder,
the Chart muffler can reduce the
venting noise during the fill.
58
59
Accessories
XC & SC Series
The XC and SC series are designed for the user who has small capacity
needs, but requires long-term storage and low liquid nitrogen consumption in a
convenient lightweight package. By integrating features that users have
requested with the widest variety of holding times and storage capacities, MVE
Aluminum Freezers are the units of choice.
Accessories:
Caster Base
Transfer Hose
Plastic Boxes
Canister
Phase Separator
Spare Corks
Square Racks
(47/11-6 only)
Freezing Tray
(34/18 and
47/11-6 only)
Level Stick
Vaporizers
Free standing or tank mounted, these vaporizers
which gasify the liquid product are available in
standard sizes ranging from 250 to 5000 standard
cubic feet per hour and rated to 600 psig.
60
61
62
21
0.25
53
20.5
0.09
140
2.18
25.7
14.5
11
1.65
23
59.5
(liters)
(liters/day)*
(days)**
(in)
(in)
(in)
(in)
(in)
(lbs)
(lbs)
3.5
17.2
18.2
5
2.75
30
62.5
9
N/A
3,870
N/A
6
(10/cane)
720
(1 Level Bulk) 1,122
(5/cane)
210
(25 Vials)
XC Millennium
20
XC 21/6
3.81
22
14.5
11
3.09
26
66
22.4
0.35
40
6
2,400
3,666
810
XC 22/5
3.81
21.5
18.2
11
2.62
30
87
32
0.35
57
9
2,520
3,960
855
XC 32/8
2.75
26
18.2
11
2.22
34
94
33.4
0.14
154
6
1,260
1,764
360
4
25
18.25
11
2.6
34
95
34.8
0.24
90
10
2,800
4,400
950
2.75
26.4
20
11
2.22
36
111
42.2
0.14
193
6
1,260
1,764
360
5
26.5
20
42
120.4
47.4
0.39
76
6 sq.
750
5
26.5
20
11
4
42
120.4
47.4
0.39
76
10
3,500
5,000
1,050
SC 33/26
6
540
780
150
33
0.13
182
2
25.9
18.2
11
1.5
34
93.4
SC 36/32
6
540
780
150
36.5
0.10
224
2
27.2
18.2
11
1.5
34
100
** Normal working duration is an arbitrary reference to estimate container performance under normal operating conditions. Actual working time may vary due to current
atmospheric conditions, container history, manufacturing tolerances and any individual patterns of use.
SC
MODEL
SC 3/3
SC 8/5
SC 11/7
SC 16/11 Millennium 20 SC 20/20
Max. Storage Capacity
No. of canisters
6
6
6
9
6
6
No. of 1/2 cc straws
(10/cane)
540
540
540
No. of 1/2 cc straws
(1 Level Bulk)
732
732
732
1098
780
780
No. of 1.2 & 2.0 ml vials (5/cane)
150
150
150
Performance
Liquid nitrogen capacity
(liters)
3.6
8.4
11.0
16.4
20.5
20.5
Static evaporation rate
(liters/day)*
0.12
0.15
0.15
0.14
.095
0.09
Normal working duration (days)**
19
35
46
74
135
142
Unit Dimensions
Neck opening
(in)
2
2
2
2
2.18
2
Overall height
(in)
16
18.5
21.6
17.5
25.7
25.7
Outside diameter
(in)
8.7
10.2
10.2
17.2
14.5
14.5
Canister height
(in)
5
5
11
5
11
11
Canister diameter
(in)
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
Weight empty
(lbs)
8
12
17
14
23
26
Weight full
(lbs)
14.4
27
36.6
43
59.5
62.5
* Static evaporation rate and static holding time are nominal. Actual rate and holding time will be affected by the nature of container use,
atmospheric conditions, and manufacturing tolerances.
SPECIFICATIONS
** Normal working duration is an arbitrary reference to estimate container performance under normal operating conditions. Actual working time may vary due to current
atmospheric conditions, container history, manufacturing tolerances and any individual patterns of use.
5
26.5
20
11
4
42
120.4
47.4
0.39
76
6
4,500
6,216
1,320
* Static evaporation rate and static holding time are nominal. Actual rate and holding time will be affected by the nature of container use,
atmospheric conditions, and manufacturing tolerances.
MODEL
Max. Storage Capacity
No. of canisters
No. of 1/2 cc straws
No. of 1/2 cc straws
No. of 1.2 & 2.0 ml vials
No. of Racks
Performance
Liquid nitrogen capacity
Static evaporation rate
Normal working duration
Unit Dimensions
Neck opening
Overall height
Outside diameter
Canister height
Canister diameter
Weight empty
Weight full
SPECIFICATIONS
XC Series Specifications
SC Series Specifications
63
Spare Corks
Caster Base
The Cryo-Cyl 35 and 50 units operate at 22 psig and can be used to supply
liquid through a transfer hose to your application. A convenient pressure and
liquid level gauge monitor the operation of the cylinder.
64
SPECIFICATIONS
Cryo-Cyl Series
6
14
16.5
8
6
11
20
2.5
22
30.7
17
14
34
123
2.5
14.9
24.1
17
14
27
84
2
13.7
24.7
14.5
11.4
19
56
2.2
13.5
21.5
10.3
8.3
13
31
2.2
10.5
18.2
8.8
6.5
8
17
0.49
0.22
0.18
0.18
1.4
7.8
16.8
7.3
5.5
6
13
Pouring Spout
(in)
(in)
(in)
(in)
(in)
(lbs)
(lbs)
Pressurized
Discharge Device
0.19
Dipper
(liters/day)
Swivel Dipper
Phase Separator
LAB 4
4
Transfer Hose
Model
Net Capacity
Performance
Static Evaporation Rate
Unit Dimensions
Neck opening
Usable height
Overall height
Outside diameter
Internal diameter
Weight empty
Weight full
Accessories:
(liters)
LAB 5
5
LAB 10
10
The Lab Series of cryogenic dewars earned their name from their worldwide
acceptance in laboratories and medical offices. These high-efficiency,
Super-Insulated dewars are the most convenient, economical way to store and
dispense liquid nitrogen. Many lab units can be fitted with pouring spouts,
pressurized dispensing devices or dippers to aid in the transfer of liquid nitrogen.
0.15
LAB 50
50
LAB 30
32
LAB 20
21
N/A
SS TRANSFER UNIT
5
Lab Series
65
Spare Corks
Cryo-Shipper Frame
66
2
19.4
8.7
11
1.81
13
20.6
2.75
18.4
8.7
11
2.62
11
18
2
25.7
14.5
11
1.5
30
52
12.3
0.09
85
6
540
780
6750/6000*
150
180
-
3.81
25
14.5
11
3.2
23
35
6.8
0.3
23
4 + 1 Center
2,500/2,000*
3,750/3,000*
7,410/6,000*
675/560*
840/672*
-
XC 20/3V*
1.4
19.5
7.2
11
1.2
8
11.6
2.9
0.20
14
1
60
88
20
24
-
MINI
MOOVER
3.8
22
18.3
11
3.1
30.5
38
4. 2
0.35
12
7
3080
4,354
8,904
945
1,134
-
CRYO
MOOVER
8.5
21.5
14.5
24
37.5
8.5
0.85
10
1 Rack
500
10
* With center absorbent canister - 3 week holding time; without center absorbent canister - two week holding time, greater storage capacity
8.5
23
15
12.5
30
47
10
0.70
14
966 (Bulk)
10
CRYO
CRYO
SHIPPER SHIPPER XC
Static evaporation rate and static holding time are nominal. Actual rate and holding time will be affected by the nature of container use, atmospheric
conditions, and manufacturing tolerances.
4.3
0.20
21
3.6
0.26
14
Canisters
1
120
210
452
40
48
-
Shipping Carton
1
280
440
938
95
106
-
Accessories:
SC 20/12V
A protective shipping carton is available for all models, which protects the
container from being placed on its side and helps in withstanding the rigors
of transportation. These containers can be used to ship your samples with a
non-hazardous classification throughout the world.
SC 4/3 V
The MVE Vapor Shipper containers are designed for the safe transportation
of biological samples at cryogenic (-150C) temperatures. Fabricated from
durable, lightweight aluminum, they contain a hydro-phobic absorbent that
contains the liquid nitrogen. The absorbent also repels moisture and humidity,
assuring the maximum holding time.
SC 4/2 V
SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL
SC 2/1 V
Maximum Storage Capacity
No. of canisters
1
No. of 1/2 cc straws
(10/cane)
No. of 1/2 cc straws
(1 Level Bulk) 88
No. of 1/4 cc straws
(1 Level Bulk) 182
No. of 1.2 & 2.0 ml vials (5/cane)
No. of 1.2 & 2.0 ml vials (6/cane)
9
No. of blood bag stored (4R9953)
Performance
Liquid nitrogen capacity
(liters)
1.5
Static evaporation rate (liters/day)
0.19
Static holding time
(days)
8
Unit Dimensions
Neck opening
(in)
1.4
Overall height
(in)
13.5
Outside diameter
(in)
7.25
Canister height
(in)
5
Canister diameter
(in)
1.2
Weight empty
(lbs)
6
Weight full
(lbs)
8.8
Vapor Shippers
Vapor Shipper Specifications
67
Carbo-Mite
Carbo-Mite Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS
Technical Features
The Carbo-Mite system is
designed to meet the needs of
consumers who use less than 100
lbs of CO2 per month. Beverage
providers who once thought their
usage was too small for bulk CO2
can now enjoy increased fountain
profits, enhanced beverage quality,
added safety and a continuous flow
of CO2. Features of the Carbo-Mite
product include:
34" height allows it to fit under
most counters
Easy-to-read gauges for CO2
contents and tank pressure
Fully automatic system
requires no electricity
Versatility offers both
permanent and portable
installation
Safe, low operating
pressure of 125 psi
Proprietary vacuum-regeneration
system for convenient on-site
maintenance
Stainless steel, double-walled,
vacuum insulated container
68
CARBO-MITE
Dimensions
Diameter
Height (with legs add 6 in)
Empty Weight
Full Weight
(in)
(in)
(lbs)
(lbs)
20
34
155
326
(psig)
ASME**
300
Vacuum with Super Insulation
Capacity
Net Volume
Liquid Storage Capacity
(gal)
(lbs)
18
171
Performance
Normal Evaporation Rate (NER)*
Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate
Peak Flow Rate
(lbs/day)
(lbs/hr)
(lbs/hr)
1.2
.75
1.5
Components
ASME Relief Valve Setting
Secondary RV Setting
Gas Use Connection
Fill Line Connection
Vent Connection
(psig)
(psig)
(in)
(in)
(in)
Design Criteria
Code
MAWP
Insulation type
Construction
Inner Vessel Material
Outer Vessel Material
Liquid Level Gauge
300
450
1
/4 x 45o Male Flare
5
/8 x 45o Male Flare
1
/2 OD Tube
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel
Float/Magnetic
69
Carbo-Charger
Carbo-Charger Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS
Technical Features
The Carbo-Charger Bulk CO2
System is an affordable alternative
to high pressure CO2 cylinders.
This system is designed to meet
the CO2 gas requirement of
operations using less than 150
pounds of CO2 per month. Other
features include:
Stainless steel, double-walled,
vacuum insulated container
Proprietary vacuumregeneration system for
convenient, on-site
maintenance
Safe, low operating pressure
of 125 psi
Easy-to-read gauges for CO2
contents and tank pressure
Efficient gas withdrawal
system supplies CO2 gas in
excess of 3 pounds per hour
Fully automatic system requires
no electricity
Optional 6" welded
uni-body legs
70
Dimensions
Diameter
Height (with legs add 6 in)
Empty Weight
Full Weight
CARBO-CHARGER
(in)
(in)
(lbs)
(lbs)
20
51
216
522
Design Criteria
Code
MAWP
Insulation type
Capacity
Net Volume
Liquid Storage Capacity
(psig)
ASME**
300
Vacuum with Super Insulation
(gal)
(lbs)
32
306
Performance
Normal Evaporation Rate (NER)*
Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate
Peak Flow Rate
(lbs/day)
(lbs/hr)
(lbs/hr)
2.0
1.0
3.0
Components
ASME Relief Valve Setting
Secondary RV Setting
Gas Use Connection
Fill Line Connection
Vent Connection
(psig)
(psig)
(in)
(in)
(in)
300
450
1
/4 x 45o Male Flare
5
/8 x 45o Male Flare
1
/2 OD Tube
Construction
Inner Vessel Material
Stainless Steel
Outer Vessel Material
Stainless Steel
Liquid Level Gauge
Float/Magnetic
* No loss in normal applications
**ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Design Section VIII, Div. I
71
Carbo-Mizer
Carbo-Mizer Specifications
Technical
Features
The Carbo-Mizer Bulk CO2
System is designed to meet all of
your CO2 gas requirements. One
tank provides continuous CO2
supply for single or multiple
applications. Other features
include:
Stainless-steel, double-walled,
vacuum-insulated container
Patented Sure-Fill System
ensures a complete fill every
time, with no manual venting
required
Proprietary vacuumregeneration system for
convenient, on-site
maintenance
Patented CO2 impurity
removal system
Stable 6" uni-body legs allow
for easy cleaning around unit
Efficient gas-withdrawal
system meets multiple flow
requirements
Easy-to-read gauges for CO2
contents and tank pressure
Safe, low operating pressure
of 125 psi
CARBO-MIZER
450
SPECIFICATIONS
Dimensions
Diameter
Height (with legs add 6 in)
Empty Weight
Full Weight
Design Criteria
Code
MAWP
Insulation type
Capacity
Net Volume
Liquid Storage Capacity
(in)
(in)
(lbs)
(lbs)
20
65.8
273
726
(psig)
ASME**
300
Vacuum with Super Insulation
(gal)
(lbs)
48
453
Performance
Normal Evaporation Rate (NER)*(lbs/day)
Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate (lbs/hr)
Peak Flow Rate
(lbs/hr)
Components
ASME Relief Valve Setting
(psig)
Secondary Relief Valve Setting (psig)
Gas Use Connection
(in)
Fill Line Connection
(in)
Vent Connection
(in)
Construction
Inner Vessel Material
Outer Vessel Material
Liquid Level Gauge
2.5
5.5
10.0
300
450
1
/4 x 45o Male Flare
5
/8 x 45o Male Flare
1
/2 OD Tube
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel
Float/Magnetic
72
73
Carbo-Max 750HF
Technical Features
Stainless-steel, double-walled,
vacuum-insulated container
Proprietary vacuumregeneration system for
convenient, on-site
maintenance
Patented Sure-Fill System
guarantees a complete fill
every time with no manual
venting required
Safe, low-operating pressure
of 140 psi
Stable 6" uni-body legs meet
health department sanitation
requirements
Easy-to-read gauges for CO2
contents and tank pressure
SPECIFICATIONS
Dimensions
Diameter
Height (with legs add 6 in)
Empty Weight
Full Weight
Design Criteria
Code
MAWP
Insulation Type
Capacity
Net Volume
Liquid Storage Capacity
CARBO-MAX 750
(in)
(in)
(lbs)
(lbs)
26
68
430
1,201
(psig)
ASME**
300
Vacuum with Super Insulation
(gal)
(lbs)
82
771
Performance
Normal Evaporation Rate (NER)* (lbs/day)
(lbs/hr)
Continuous CO2 Delivery Rate
Peak Flow Rate
(lbs/hr)
Components
ASME Relief Valve Setting
Secondary RV Setting
Gas Use Connection
Fill Line Connection
Vent Connection
Construction
Inner Vessel Material
Outer Vessel Material
Liquid Level Gauge
(psig)
(psig)
(in)
(in)
(in)
3.0
15.0
N/A
300
450
1
/4 x 45o Male Flare
5
/8 x 45o Male Flare
1
/2 OD Tube
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel
Float Type (magnetic)
Fully-automated system
* No loss in normal application
**ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Design Section VIII, Div. I
74
75
CO2 Delivery
13,044
10,611
(lbs)
Full Weight
9,066
4,400
156
129
3,700
(lbs)
Empty Weight
111
(in)
Length
2,819
67
58
58
67
Height
58
(in)
(in)
Width
67
7,681
6,146
5,122
(lbs)
Liquid Storage Capacity
(liters)
Features
Gross Capacity
2,346
2 1/2 Ton
3 Ton
2,815
3,518
3 3/4 Ton
For years, Chart has provided the finest CO2 bulk storage tanks for
carbonation applications and we now use that same expertise in developing
CO2 delivery units. All delivery units are equipped with differential pressure
meters. This meter has a guaranteed deviation of less than 1%, and has lower
maintenance and calibration costs because it contains no moving parts.
Capacity
76
Dimensions
77
The Chart Monitor System provides accurate monitoring of CO2 levels. It is preset to exhibit an alarm when detecting abnormal to dangerously high level of CO2
concentration in the work environment. Over 70,000 systems have been
installed world wide. Monitor Systems are constructed with the highest quality
components possible.
SPECIFICATIONS
CO2 Sensors
Product
Operating Principle:
Measurement Range-Temperature
Measurement Range - CO2
Extended Range - CO2
Gas Sampling Mode
Infrared Technology
o
o
0 - 50 C (32 - 122 F)
0 - 3 Vol%
3 - 10 Vol%
Diffusion
Accuracy
Temperature
CO2
At Full Operating Temperature Range
Annual Zero Point Drift
1oC (1.8oF)
0.05 Vol%
<0.01 Vol.%
w/automatic self-calibration
Performance
Compliance With
Sensory Life Expectancy
Dimensions (L x W x H)
89 / 336 / EEC / UL / CE
> 15 years
7" x 4" x 2"
Power
Power Input
Features
Patented, gold-plated sensors
High and low CO2 alarm
Three-year product warranty
Continuous monitoring of CO2
and temperature
Digital display:
temperature / CO2%
Display makes it possible to
discover small leakage
Up to 4 sensors per central unit
Acoustical/optical signal from
central unit and sensors
Display
Filter
(Insect protection according to EN S4-7:1994)
11 3V DC
Outputs
Digital Interface
79
Typical Layout
Inner Pipe
Size
Vacuum Jacket
Pipe Size
Wt/ft
Cooldown
Wt/ft
Heat Leak
Btu/hr/ft
Bayonet Heat
BTU/hr
1/4"
1-1/2"
1.5 lb
0.33 lb
.28
7.5
1/2"
1-1/2"
1.9 lb
0.54 lb
.35
7.5
1"
2-1/2"
3.4 lb
0.87 lb
.50
11.8
1-1/2"
3"
4.4 lb
1.28 lb
.67
15.4
2"
3-1/2"
5.2 lb
1.61 lb
.81
17.9
3+
Consult Factory
SS Inner
Flex I.D.
SS Outer
Flex I.D.
SS Outer
Minimum
Weight Cooldown Heat Leak
Flex O.D. Bend Radius Per Foot Weight/Foot BTU hr/ft
1/2 Nom
2" Nom
2.80"
17"
2.75 lb
.45 lb
.50
1 Nom
2-1/2" Nom
3.32"
21"
3.50 lb
1.00 lb
1.00
1-1/2 Nom
3" Nom
3.87"
23"
4.65 lb
2.00 lb
1.35
2 Nom
4" Nom
4.92"
28"
6.00 lb
2.25 lb
1.65
3+
Consult Factory
Stainless steel braid cover is standard on the inner flex and optional for the vacuum
jacket flex.
Chart vacuum insulated pipe utilizes multi-layer super insulation for lowest
BTU loss. When used to replace copper or conventionally insulated lines,
investment payback can be extremely fast.
Custom manufactured sections and flexible piping allow easy system
planning and installation no
special tools are required.
Bayonet couplings provide
positive metal-to-metal
interference fit at cryogenic
temperatures. With these reusable couplings, pipe
sections and components can
be easily assembled or
removed for system
modification or expansion.
81
82
Std Cu Ft
Per
GPM
112.5
74.04
100.8
113.6
93.11
115.1
89.05
42
Conversion Data
BTU
SCFH
GPM at
Total BTU
Per
10,000
per 10,000
GPM
SCFH to 70F
Watts
6800
1.47
123,000
4440
2.25
171,000
6040
1.655
67,500
6820
1.47
89,000
5600
1.787
134,400
6900
1.45
142,000
5280
1.895
231,000
2520
3.97
213,000
39.37
1 meter
0.3937
1 centimeter
1 kilometer
0.0394
1 mile
1 millimeter
12
36
1 yard
1 inch
1 foot
in
Length
3281
3.281
0.03281
0.0033
5280
0.0833
ft
Kilo
Gasoline
36.1
50.2
19.8
26.4
39.5
41.6
67.8
62.5
Gals/Hr*
Steam
1.0
1.39
.55
.72
1.09
1.15
1.88
1.73
yd
0.6214
mile
1094
1.094
0.0109
1760
0.3333
0.0278
mm
1000
10
914.4
304.8
25.40
cm
100
0.100
91.44
30.48
2.540
0.001
1.609
km
12,300
17,100
6750
8900
13,400
14,200
23,100
21,300
CFM***
1000
0.01
0.001
1609.3
0.9144
0.3048
0.0254
Lbs/Hr**
Air
115
160
63
84
126
133
217
200
Energy Required
Gallon Liq
Argon
CO2
Helium
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Nitrous Oxide
Propane
FLUID
Vaporizer Requirements
Length Conversion Factors
83
84
0.0610
61,023
61.023
1 cu centimeter
1 cu meter
1 liter
231
46,656
1 cu yard
227.4
1728
1 cu foot
1 Imperial gallon
1 cu inch
1 U.S. gallon
cu in
Volume
1550
1 hectare
1 sq mile
1 sq meter
1 acre
0.1550
144
1 sq foot
1 sq centimeter
sq in
1 sq inch
Area
0.1605
0.1337
0.0353
35.31
27
cu ft
2471
640
acre
0.0016
sq mile
10,000
929
6.452
sq cm
1.308
0.0370
cu yd
cu cm
4546.1
3785.4
1000
1,000,000
28,317
16.387
0.001
0.7646
0.0283
cu meter
liter
4.546
3.785
999.97
0.001
764.5
28.32
0.0164
sq m
259
0.4047
hectare
0.8327
0.2200
220.0
168.2
6.229
Imp gal
1.201
0.2642
264.2
202
7.481
U.S. gal
10,000
0.0001
4047
0.0929
10.76
43,560
0.0069
sq ft
85
86
0.00433
0.03613
1 pound/cu in
1 pound/cu ft
1 pound/gal
1 gram/cu cm
1 gram/liter
lb/cu in
15.43
1 gram
Density
1 ton
7000
1 pound
1 metric ton
437.5
1 ounce
1 grain
1 kilogram
grain
Weight
35,274
35.274
0.0353
32,000
16
oz
1.102
0.0005
ton
gram
1000
453.6
28.35
0.0648
0.06243
62.43
7.481
1728
lb/cu ft
0.008345
8.345
0.1337
231
lb/gal
0.001
0.1198
0.0160
27.68
g/cu cm
2205
2.205
2000
0.0625
lb
0.001
0.9072
metric ton
1000
119.83
16.019
27,680
g/liter
1000
0.001
907.2
0.4536
0.02835
kg
87
88
2,655,000
1,980,000
1 horsepower-hour
0.7377
1 int Joule
1 int kilowatt-hour
3.0860
1 foot-pound
1 gram-calorie
ft-lb
Energy
778.2
.1450
1 BTU
0.4335
1 foot water
0.01020
0.0305
7.502
22.418
25.400
0.3025
0.8826
2544.5
3412.8
0.000948
0.003966
641,700
860,563
0.2390
252.16
0.3240
g-cal
4.1833
1054.9
1.3556
Joule
0.009869
0.001285
20.89
62.42
0.0345
0.0394
2.989
1.3412
hp-hr
0.7456
kw-hr
0.3346
1.133
0.0446
98.06
101.325
3.386
0.0334
33.9
32.81
0.1333
70.73
29.921
28.958
0.4912
735.56
760
6.895
0.0479
1 inch mercury
2.785
1.0333
2.307
0.01602
0.0193
0.9678
2.0359
0.01414
1 millimeter mercury
(1000 microns)
1 torr (torricelli)
2048.1
2116.2
0.3591
51.713
KPa
14.696
0.0703
14.223
kg/cm2
1 kilogram/sq cm
144
lb/sq ft
1 int atmosphere
1
0.00694
1 pound/sq ft
lb/sq in
1 pound/sq in
Pressure
89
90
2.3260
1 BTU/lb
1 metric hp
0.9863
1.3410
1 watt
1 kilowatt
1 horsepower
735.5
1000
745.7
watt
4.1867
1 int calorie/gram
hp
4.1840
1 calorie/gram
Power
1.000165
absolute Joule/g
1 int Joule/gram
1 absolute Joule/gram
Specific Energy
0.55592
1.00065
0.23904
0.23901
cal/g
0.7355
0.001
0.7457
41.83
56.88
0.0569
42.41
2509.6
60
3412.8
3.413
2544.5
542.5
12.97
737.6
0.7376
550
1.8000
1.7988
0.43000
0.42993
BTU/lb
175.7
4.203
239
0.2390
178.2
0.0239
1360
0.00136
1.014
metric hp
32,550
778.2
44,254
44.25
33,000
g-cal/sec
0.55556
0.99935
0.23892
0.23885
int cal/g
2.3256
4.1860
4.1833
0.99984
Int Joule/g
91
Conversion Factors
Courtesy of Ingersoll-Rand Company
BTU is Internal Steam Table BTU (IT). 1 frigorie = 1 kg cal (NOT IT).
One ton of refrigeration is the heat required to melt one ton (2000 lbs) of ice at 32F to water at 32F during 24 hours.
1
0.0002963
1
13.9657
0.06609
1 frigorie/hr
223.08
1 ton (Brit) comm
3375.2
0.0003305
3375.2
1
3025.9
13,385
1.1154
0.8965
1
3025.9
12,000
200
BTU (IT)/min
Refrigeration
92
frigorie/hr
To Obtain
Miles per hour
Kilometers per hour
Centimeters per second
Feet per second
Miles per hour
Kilometers per hour
Centimeters per second
Meters per second
Knots
Nautical miles per hour
Feet per second
Miles per hour
Kilometers per hour
Meters per second
Feet per second
Miles per hour
Kilometers per hour
Feet per second
Meters per second
Kilometers per hour
Knots
Flowrate
1 SCFH = .472 liters/minute
Thermal Conductivity
Multiply
BTU/(hr)(ft2)(F/ft)
By
0.00413
12.0
0.0173
To Obtain
Cal/(sec)(cm2)(C/cm)
BTU/(hr)(ft2)(F/in)
Watts/(cm2)(C/cm)
Temperature
Degrees Fahrenheit = 1.8 (degrees Celsius) + 32
Degrees Kelvin = degrees Celsius = 273.16
Degrees Rankine = degrees Fahrenheit + 459.69
93
Temperature Conversion
He . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
O2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kr . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xe . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Decimal Equivalents
0
4.216
10
20
20.27
27.17
30
40
50
60
70
77.395
80
87.29
90
90.19
100
110
119
120
130
140
150
160
164.6
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
273.15
268.93
263.15
253.15
252.88
245.98
243.15
233.15
223.15
213.15
203.15
195.76
193.15
185.86
183.15
182.96
173.15
163.15
153.25
153.15
143.15
133.15
123.15
113.15
108.55
103.15
93.15
83.15
73.15
63.15
53.15
43.15
33.15
23.15
13.15
3.15
6.85
16.85
26.85
36.85
46.85
56.85
66.85
76.85
86.85
96.85
106.85
116.85
126.85
-459.7
-452.1
-441.7
-423.7
-423.2
410.8
405.7
387.7
369.7
351.7
333.7
320.36
315.7
302.55
297.7
297.33
279.7
261.7
243.8
243.7
225.7
207.7
189.7
171.7
163.4
153.7
135.7
117.7
99.7
81.7
63.7
45.7
27.7
9.7
8.3
26.3
44.3
62.3
80.3
98.3
116.3
134.3
152.3
170.3
188.3
206.3
224.3
242.3
260.3
0
7.6
18.0
36.0
36.5
48.9
54.0
72.0
90.0
108.0
126.0
139.3
144.0
157.1
162.0
162.4
180.0
198.0
215.9
216.0
234.0
252.0
270.0
288.0
296.3
306.0
324.0
342.0
360.0
378.0
396.0
414.0
432.0
450.0
468.0
486.0
504.0
522.0
540.0
558.0
576.0
594.0
612.0
630.0
648.0
666.0
684.0
702.0
720.0
Decimal Equivalents
Inch Fractions
Decimal Equivalent
Millimeter Equivalent
1/32
1/16
3/32
1/8
5/32
3/16
7/32
.03125
.0625
.09375
.125
.15625
.1875
.21875
.794
1.588
2.381
3.175
3.969
4.763
5.556
1/4
9/32
5/16
3/8
11/32
13/32
7/16
15/32
.250
.28125
.3125
.375
.34375
.40625
.4375
.46875
6.350
7.144
7.938
9.525
8.731
10.319
11.113
11.906
1/2
17/32
9/16
19/32
5/8
21/32
11/16
23/32
.500
.52125
.5625
.59375
.625
.65625
.6875
.71875
12.700
13.494
14.288
15.081
15.875
16.669
17.463
18.256
3/4
25/32
13/16
27/32
7/8
29/32
15/16
31/32
.750
.78125
.8125
.84375
.875
.90625
.9375
.96875
19.050
19.844
20.638
21.431
22.225
23.019
23.813
24.606
95
Definitions
Absolute Zero The lowest temperature attainable. All molecular activity is
considered to cease. Its value is -459.7F (-273.15C)
Coefficient of Viscosity A measure of the tendency of a fluid to resist shear. The
unit for viscosity is the poise which is defined as the resistance (in dynes per square
centimeter of its surface) to one layer of fluid to the motion of a
parallel layer one centimeter away and with a relative velocity of one cm per second.
Critical Pressure The pressure under which a substance may exist as a gas
in equilibrium with the liquid at the critical temperature.
Critical Temperature The temperature above which a gas cannot be
liquified by pressure alone.
Cryogenics The science which involves very low temperatures, usually
regarded as below -150F.
Density Mass per unit volume.
Dew Point The temperature at which liquid first condenses when a vapor
is cooled.
Dielectric Constant The specific inductive capacitance of a material. It is equal
to the ratio of the capacitances of two condensers of identical size, one using the
particular dielectric, the other using air or a vacuum as the dielectric.
Joule-Thomson Effect The change in temperature resulting from expansion of
a gas or vapor through an orifice or other restriction. In general, a lowering of
temperature or cooling effect is the usual result of such an expansion.
Latent Heat of Fusion The heat required to convert a unit mass of substance
from the solid state to the liquid state at a given pressure (and temperature).
Latent Heat of Sublimation The heat required to convert a unit mass of
substance from the solid state to the gaseous state.
Latent Heat of Vaporization The heat required to convert a unit mass of
substance from the liquid state to the gaseous state at a given pressure (and
temperature).
Liquified Gases Usually applied to the liquid form of substances which under
normal conditions of temperature and pressure are found as gases. Liquid oxygen
is an example.
Molecular Weight The sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule.
The atomic weight is the relative weight of the atom, on the basis of carbon isotope
C12.
Normal Boiling Point The temperature at which a liquid boils when under a total
pressure of one atmosphere.
Normal Sublimation Temperature The temperature at which a solid sublimes
under a total pressure of one atmosphere.
Specific Heat The ratio of the heat capacity of a body to the heat capacity of
water at some reference temperature.
96
Numerical Value
6.0228 x 1023
1.38048 x 10-16
4.80239 x 10-10
2.718282
1.987
82.05
0.08205
10.731
0.7302
Loge 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.30258
Mechanical Equivalent
of heat . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.182
Pi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.14159*
Planck Constant . . . . . . 6.6254 x 10-27
Units
Molecules/gram mole
Erg/C
Absolute esu
Cal/(gm-mole) (K) or
BTU/(lb-mole) (K)
(cm3) (atm)/(gm-mole) (K)
(liter) (atm)/(gm-mole) (K)
(ft3) (lb)/(in2)(lb-mole) (R)
(ft3) (atm)/(lb-mole) (R)
Joule/cal
erg sec
Acknowledgment
Chart thanks AIRCO Welding Products for permission to copy various tables
and data from the AIRCO Data Book.
97
Notes
98