TYPES OF SERVICES
Producer services (Intermediate markets)
Financial services:
Banking, Insurance, Leasing
Professional and technical:
Technical licensing and sales, engineering
architectural design, legal services, accounting.
design
services,
Services
(Final
Markets
to
Private
Healthcare
Travel, recreation, entertainment
Education
Other personal services (restaurants, home repairs, laundry etc.)
Physical goods
Services
Tangible
Intangible
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
are Production,
consumption
processes
distribution
and
are
simultaneous
A thing
An activity or process
Transfer of ownership
No transfer of ownership
Innovation
"Innovation" can be defined just as "something new".
There are really no criteria of "how new" that something needs to
be. But yes, it needs to be an improvement over what it was before.
It is for this reason that, innovation can be defined in different ways
to different people. Innovation is the creation of better or more
effective products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas that
are readily available to markets, governments, and society.
Innovation differs from invention in that
innovation refers to the use of better and, as
a result, novel idea or method, whereas
invention refers more directly to the creation
of the idea or method itself. Innovation
differs from improvement in that innovation
refers to the notion of doing something
different (Lat. innovare: "to change") rather
than doing the same thing better.
Education
Use of tablet PC in Education
Tablets have become the vehicle for a new trend in education, where
students use handheld devices to interact with courseware. When the iconic
iPad was launched, most analysts were of the opinion that this device would
remain confined to the luxury segment, primarily because of its high price. But
now a wide range of cheaper models have become available. For instance,
there is Aakash.
Aakash has been promoted by the Government as a device that can bridge the
digital divide across the country. However, it was not a great sucess but it
inspired many other players to come up with their low priced tablets. Now the
Government has launch its second version of the Aakash tablet, which boasts
better hardware features.
According to market reports, the country saw sales of about 475,000 units of
media tablets in the last calendar year. Report from research firm Frost &
Sullivan says the tablet PC user base in India has increased from 60,000 units
in 2010 to 300,000 in 2011. The report further says that overall TabletPC user
base is likely to grow at a CAGR of 107 per cent to reach 23.38 million by 2017.
Adoption of tablets in education is likely to grow at fast pace. In terms of
sales, the market size in India is expected to grow to 500,000 units by end of
this year. However, even with such high numbers, we will not be reaching
even the Five percent of the education space and that is why this is a huge
opportunity. Tablet market is set to keep growing at a rapid pace, informs
Abbhishek, CEO, Kloudpad.
Heavy bags, personalised learning, interactivity and reservation to the
classroom have always been a challenge in conventional classroom learning
environment, which is answered by tablet to a large extent. Still, lot more
innovations and improvements are required and these will be addressed by
upgradation of tablets.
Computerisation started with heavy desktops in computer labs and then we
had the advent of laptops. Now there is a unified learning wherein desktops,
laptops, tablets and smartphones are playing their role in imparting education.
Tablet is usually a 7 to 10 inches form factor and it works on different mobile
operating Systems like iOs, Android, and Microsoft Windows. It is now well
accepted as platform for interactive and personalised learning.
The teacher can easily explain concepts using the digital whiteboard that is set
up in the Tablet PC. Using learning tablets the students can access what was
taught in the classroom and can also access the collaborative learning
platform for discussions on relevant topics taught in the classroom. Students
can have the benefits of studying from the best faculties from across the globe.
Class blogs and wikis: There are a variety of Web 2.0 tools that are
currently being implemented in the classroom. Blogs allow for students
to maintain a running dialogue, such as a journal,thoughts, ideas, and
assignments that also provide for student comment and reflection.
Wikis are more group focused to allow multiple members of the group
to edit a single document and create a truly collaborative and carefully
edited finished product.
This not only aids in visual learning, but it is interactive so the students
can draw, write, or manipulate images on the interactive whiteboard.
Digital Games: The field of educational games and serious games has
been growing significantly over the last few years. The digital games are
being provided as tools for the classroom and have a lot of positive
feedback including higher motivation for students.
IT
Introduction
IT refers to anything related to computing technology, such as networking,
hardware, software, the Internet, or the people that work with these
technologies. Many companies now have IT departments for managing the
computers, networks, and other technical areas of their businesses. IT jobs
include computer programming, network administration, computer
engineering, Web development, technical support, and many other related
occupations. Since we live in the "information age," information technology
has become a part of our everyday lives. That means the term "IT," already
highly overused, is here to stay.
The world leaders of tomorrow will figure from among the companies that
today best manage the innovation process. Innovation can be a doubleedged sword; for the more the things change,
the more they remain the same...
Communication
All of us know that man is a social animal. He
cannot survive in isolation. As a member of the
society he is dependent on others. For most of the things he has to take
help from others. But the question is, how does one know what the other
wants? One has to convey his feelings, thoughts, ideas, requirements,
experiences, etc. to another in such a way that the latter understands those
correctly. The important media of convey his feelings, thoughts, and ideas
are communication. The same thing happens with business also. It provides
information to the customers, government, owners, employees, etc. and at
the same time receives information from them.
4G
In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of cell phone mobile
communications standards. It is a successor of the third generation (3G)
standards. It is sometimes referred to as 'MAGIC' which stand for Mobile
Speed
In October 2010, the ITU set the standard for 4G networks to have a peak
data download speed of 100 Megabits per second (Mbps) in mobile
applications such as mobile phones and roaming network devices and 1
Gigabit per second (Gbps) in local, fixed locations.
As of November 2010, no network technology can claim that it meets these
standards though all the networks currently marketed as 4G do surpass
current 3G speeds which tops out at 1 Mbps. The current WiMAX 802.16
standard, used mostly by Sprint and Clear Mobile, has a current top speed
of 3.0 Mbps while LTE has a theoretical maximum top speed of 12 Mbps.
Range
Hand Off
Though current 3G networks do have the ability to transfer data, when a
user leaves a 3G coverage area for another, the data transfer may be halted
or stopped due compatibility issues. The improved 4G network standards
will eliminate this, allowing for smooth hand off from one coverage area to
another without interruption to any ongoing data transfers. This will result
in smooth streaming data for the user.
telemedicine.
Transport
Introduction
Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods
from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road,
water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into
infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport is important since it
enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations.
Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for
transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and
pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations,
warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks
and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for
interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance.
Railways. Indian Railways is one of the largest
railways under single management. It carries
some 17 million passengers and 2 million tonnes
of freight a day in year 2007 and is one of the
worlds largest employers. The railways play a
leading role in carrying passengers and cargo
across India's vast territory. However, most of its
major corridors have capacity constraint
requiring capacity enhancement plans.
Roads. Roads are the dominant mode of
transportation in India today. They carry almost
90 percent of the countrys passenger traffic and
65 percent of its freight. The density of Indias
highway network -- at 0.66 km of highway per
square kilometer of land is similar to that of the
United States (0.65) and much greater than
China's (0.16) or Brazil's (0.20). However, most highways in India are
narrow and congested with poor surface quality, and 40 percent of Indias
villages do not have access to all-weather roads.
Shipping
Shipping plays an important role in the transport
sector of India's economy. Approximately, 90
percent of the country's trade by volume (70 per
cent in terms of value) is moved by sea. India has
the largest merchant shipping fleet among the
developing countries and ranks 20th amongst
the countries with the largest cargo carrying fleet with 8.83 million GT as
on 01.06.2008 and the average of the fleet being 18 years.
Ports. India has 12 major and 187 minor and
intermediate ports along its more than 7500 km long
coastline. These ports serve the countrys growing
foreign trade in petroleum products, iron ore, and
coal, as well as the increasing movement of containers.
Inland water transportation remains largely
undeveloped despite India's 14,000 kilometers of
navigable rivers and canals.
Aviation. India has 125 airports, including 11
international airports. The Indian airports handled 96
million passengers and 1.5 million tonnes of cargo in
year 2006-2007, an increase of 31.4% for passenger
and 10.6% for cargo traffic over previous year. The
dramatic increase in air traffic for both passengers and
cargo in recent years has placed a heavy strain on the
country's major airports.
Passenger traffic is projected to cross 100 million and cargo to cross 3.3
million tonnes by year 2010.
Mumbai Monorail
The Mumbai Monorail is a monorail system currently
under construction for the city of Mumbai, India.
Once completed, it will be worlds second
longest monorail corridor, the longest being
Japans Osaka Monorail corridor which is 23.8
km. The project is being implemented by Mumbai
Metropolitan Region Development
Authority MMRDA, with Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and