LflW6iVflhnnHaprox

ScFoot
o: Ergineering
andtneBui,tErv,ronment

ASSESSMENT
BRIEF
Module
Tille:
ModuleCode:

Design Optimisation ET2007

Component
Number:

2ot2

Weighting:

50%

Element
Numberj

1of1

DeslgnAnatyslsproject
LeamingOutcomesto be assessedl
1.

Applysystematic
desjgntechnjqlesto solvecornplexdesignproblefts

2.
-

lmproveandoptimizetheperformance
ofengineerjng
components
and
s\,slems

3.

Applyscientificmethodsto simu,ate
engineering
systen]s-Useof;ndustry
slan0ardsoltware

MarkjngCrileria:

SeeAssignmentBrief

TheninimLmoassnad(ior thiselemenvcomporenr
is DS.
lflhis is an elemenr,
youwittpassthemoduterfyo! ecrievea minimum
graoeot E4 torthise,ement
andan
averagegradeof D5 ior 0'e \Niotecomponent.

Assignment
handedout

Week8

Latestdatefor submission:

Weet<
13 I i r {

psignmentssubmittedattsrthe deadtineandwihout an althorjsed

exienEionot time wil be markedFO.

Pleasemark your assignmontfoathe aftehtionof:

Kadda

You shouldmakeil very crearwhal sourcesoi infomadonhavobeenused;whermaterial,,intomaton

kom lhese
sources6 qlorodit mustb creadvrererenced
usin!01eHa^d Rererenclns
svstem.(D"t"rr" iiii6Li,i..
LeamingCenires).
-"
-.

The assignmentmust be handedin to St!dent Registry,City Campus.

A signedreceiptmustbe obtainedwhenthe assignfientsaresubmitied.
you shouldkeep
your receiptin a safe place.
Youareadvisedto keepyourownelecironic
& ,hafd,copyof anyworksubmitted.

NIODULEET2OO7
DESIGNOPTIMISATION
Assignment2
Designof a ClampingViceand SensitiyifyStudies
Clampingvicescomein all shapesandforms.The majority,however,consistsof
rwopans:
1) A main curved"C" shapedbracketwith a stopat ol1eendanda screwed
connectionat the other,and
2) Ar engagingscrewthat pushesthe heldpad againstthe stop.
A t)?ical exampleis shownis shownin the attachedfigure and the definitionofthe
variousvariablesassociated
with the designtogetherv/ith the stresssystems
will be
explainedin classwhenthe assignment
briefis released.
Theobjecrives
ol-rhisassignment
is rouseProMechanica
to:
a) Pedorm a standardFE aralysison thecomponent
b) Appreciatethe conceptofde-featudagaIIdits implications
c) Performsensitivitystudiesto assess
how selected
designvariablescanaffect
the componentresponse
By cilbprconsidsringareal deviceor by lookingup a manufacture!'scataloguej
decideyour geometryard modelit in ProE.Onlyonesizeleedsto be selected.
For
the startingmodel,all featuresof thesoLidmodelneedto be incorporated.
f5 marks)
-)
For the main part ofthe exercise,
four tasksneedto be complete
'
4.

Taskl:Performa staq4ardstaticanSELSPro

Mechanica:

1) Definetheboutrdaries
conditions:somemay be obviousbut explanations
are neededasto how rigid bodymotioncanbe prevetrted.
2) Chosea realisticmaterialfrom the soliwarelibrary and reportthe
propertiesthat are relevantto the analysis
;
3) Decidetheload levelsto applyandreporttheir magnitudes
4) Run the atral)sisand note the contentsof the files accessibleunder
Summaryand Log while theanallsisis progressing.
5) Performa postprocessing
session
by investigating
stressanddisplacement
contourplots.
6) Producesomehard copiesofthe plotsto includein the report. (30marks)
Task2rDe-featurine
Next,studycarefullyyour solidmodelanddecidewhetherthereare featureswhich
havelittle or negligibleinfluenceon theoverallstrengthand flexibilityperformance

ofthe device.Suppressthesefeaturesin tu.n in Standardand rg_do

the anal)sis
performedunderTaskl for eachsuppressed
feature.Comparer".utt. uoj
or Inentesaccessed
underSummaryand Log.Reportwithcornments. "oor"rrt.
(20 marks)
Task3: Sensitivitystudies
fo assess
howdjfferenL
desiglvariables
affecL
thecomponenl
response
is
accomplished
by doingseositivit]
sLudies.
To do-so,
a r ariableis selected
andgiven
a rangeofvaluesoverwhich it canvary. The softwarewill thencalcutate
ihe
relevantstressand displaysthe resultsin graphicalform.
To.address
thispa ofthe assignment
satisfactorily,
you are stronglyadyisedto
followthemethodology
usedin oneof rheia-classiutorials.l" D"rtl;';;_ ;;
shouldsetyour targetstrcssor displacement
levelsto reasonabi.
von-Misesto no morethan 50% thematerialyieldstrengthor di.pful"_"rrl
"J*.i"]*. "r"*ff
to oo
morc than I mm per l0 cm grip length).Also,try to keepyou, uuiiubl".
to l*itt ro u
manageable
number(no morethanJ ) andtheir rangeoivariation to v/ithin
t l0%

Asasta^rting
susgestion,
youcouldconsider
thefollowitrs
::ll"jl,t:_.,liil
]1i::.
varllDt68trumum
thicknessof lhesection
2) Radiusofcurvatureat thecomels
3) Lengthof membernomal to thescrewedconnection.
Comlletethesestudiesandproducethe datain graphicalform. Discussyour
resultsandproyidecomments.
(40marks)
Attendatrce
to thepracticalsessions
andthe productionofa well presentedreport
carry3 tota!q! !0 marks.
For issueandhand-indates,seeassigmentfiont covet.
Dr KaddaYahiaoui

\ 1q

:-R

r: r u

j .t.4.::;

\?

,:!

Theseare slep one

andsteptwo I created
on (PorE).In first step
I createdonly end
oneandt\\'0,but
secondstepsreturn
suit:rble\ alues

lt:J: fr E, t ai a

DesignOptimisation

ModuleCodeET2007

Student
N: 06l l l4l

?
n

.'_

&
:.'.'t

:i,
l
)

t
4.@1

IsmailNoriey

:
i
:

q
F

!..:'..:l
; : ,:.1

Leedsmndffial9Screws
Usedin lotsof
machines
- lookat a
latheor milling
machine
Critical
equation
based
on workin is workout:

2rc.1
F *Tl *
lead

o Velocityof carriage:

v =.(D.lead

Gear

InpuUOutput

MotionAxis

Loads

Spur

Rotary

Rotary

Parallel

Tangent

Bevel

Rotary

Rotary

Angled

Tangent

Helical

Rotary

Rack

Rotary

Linear

Tangent

Rotary

Rotary
or

Tangent

Parallelor Tangentand
Crossed
Axial

Linear

Not back
drivable

GearTypes
6 SpurGears,BevelGears,andtheRack_
seeyourkit

BevelGears

SpurGears

RackandPinion

ffiearTypes
6 HelicalandWormGearsaren't your
in
kit

WormGears

HeficalGears

ffieanCalcu[aticns
e LotsaLotsavariables!

ffiears:ffiasicSa$cufations
6 MainVariables
for FirstOrder:
NDPC*

Numberof Teeth
PitchDiameter
pitch
Diametral
CenterDistance
betweenTwo Gears

p=

*
C =0.5(\ Dplnton

pitchfor Two
Diametral
MeshingGearsmustAlways
be thesame!

P r = P'

D
D

ffiears:BasicCafcufaticlns
e MainVariables
for FirstOrder:
-

N - Numberof Teeth
D - Pi tc h D i a m e t e r
P-Diametralpitch
C - C en t e r D i s t a n c e
betweenTwo Gears

p=

C *0.5 @rinnf,
1",)

pitchfor Two
Diametral
Meshing
GearsmustAlways
be thesame!

P1

ffieanTrains;BasicCalculations
& Constraint
1:Tangential
Velocityis the Same
- Gearscan'tslipso the
velocityat the contactpoint
mustbe movingat thesame
speed

vl = vz

,r.

D/

/
cDt

D.
-g

a2

D1

Constraint
2: Poweris
Conserved
or Lost!!
- Remember
conservation
of
energy?Poweris transferred
overgearsbutcannotbe
amplified,
onlylostin friction.

= (Dz , O
N2
N1

T1*Pt= P2

4' F' at z\"

.T-i

Tl*

{1

a,
l/t
N2

ldeafGearTrainSummary

TR:

l/'

Iv2

T-1

-a,
l

a)2

'<'r--l

ll

'7,

Includeefficiency
timestorquefor non-ideat
svstem!

@r

But whataboutthe mlnusslgrnw?

r To get propersigns:
- Followthroughwith
signslikeprof.Slocum
demonstrated
in class
- Forsimplesystems,
do it
graphically
witha ,,virtual
belt"

O'rlly pirch
6ifclFsof
gcars'shb\*xl

ffieans:Sefectioraof Faramefers
ro accountfor othervariables,
use
sprea_ds
heet spurgears.
x/s for'coir*serva
tive
esrtmations
of spurgeartoothstress - 'It is V^ERy_pOSSIBLE
to stripgearteethwith
your2..007
you
motorst willhJve
ilfi;rk#,
prevent
to
a single
)rays
* gearsteeth-irom"'
beingstrippedl
tife.inreatproducts,
seryice
f::':1S
andmanyothercriticalgeometry factors
checks
needto be performed"
*

Consuf
t lhe Machinery,s
Handbook,ora oear
"
designhandbook
or AGMA
"'",
Propertoothd-esigninvolves
"trna"ioJ'
morecareful
assessment
of the tooth
andloads

usrng
theLew,sro* rul?fr*"try

gproper lubricationis oftenthe greatest

causeof gearfailure

#mse$tudy Hxercise* ffimSrffwe

o Cheapportable
CD driveusesa tinyDC
motor,geartrain,andleadscrewto move
the opticalpickupunit(OpU) t:

Whatdo we knowahoutthe setup?

V = 3.0V
RatedSpeed=
13,500rpm

FromChart:
T = 0 .1 4 7m N -m
i = 155mA

ffiearTnafr
r: frnfmrnmatimn
N1
N2
N3
N4
LeadScrew

13
19
12
18

Lead= 1mm/rev

Motor,Gear,and ScrewCatcullati

Detailed
calculations
areavailabfe
r
the followingtwo pages.

ir'^g
6 *-* t"^.L,fof

:&?0J lh.trs

wd
-w$h l,cy

P;t6ir1;nSry

0stpt\-7,

w
F= 5'isp'd

Wn^i'

\*)
1?\

-L-.

\,

lhd-*I "

*..
*_U::lV<1"p^,,t/.

s,0^5QV

.f-l'+k!r4r!4
-._* :-,]hJtzs

l#J,b*{src

The fu?oton
imAalorn

PowenBudgets

c Spreadsheet
thatletsyoutrackhowmu
poweryou haveavailable
andis beingu
e Goodto makea generalspreadsheet
outlining
thepoweravaia blein yourkit:
- Batteries
- Motors
* Springs

PowenBudgets

c Spreadsheet
thatletsyoutrackhowmu
poweryou haveavailable
andis beingu
e Goodto makea generalspreadsheet
outlining
thepoweravaia blein yourkit:
- Batteries
- Motors
* Springs

Fower ffiudgctfona RobotArrn

Axis
Extend
Arm
Lower
Arm
Raise
Arm

Forceor Velocity Rangeof Power

Torque
Motion

FowerHudgetFrocedure

Tallyup energyandpoweravailable
fron
sources(batteries
andsprings)
Calculate
required
outputenergyandpo
- Forceat a velocity
- Torqueat angular
velocity

Estimate
systemefficiencies
- lf too manyunknowns,
assumeefficiency
is

o ?"lnput> Output

Fswer H*udget
Prmcedure

a Tallyup energyandpoweravailable
fron
sources(batteries
andsprings)
Calculate
required
outputenergyandpo
- Forceat a velocity
* Torqueat angular
velocity

Estimate
systemefficiencies

- lf too manyunknowns,
assumeefficiency
is {

o ?"lnput> Output

;J e t K [ o

., I l tt f .:',.,1

l*eadScrews,Geans,ar.ldFower
Budgets,0h rnyl

PatWiltoughby
313i?003

kVhatdm[eadscrews&ndgearsdm?
Leador Ballscrews- convertrotarymotionfrom
motorto linearmotionalongthescrew
o Gears- canconvertrotarymotionto linearor rotary
motionat the sameor a different
angle
o Bothcantransmitforceandvelocityat differentratios

Leadamdffie$$
Serews

Leadscrew
- Basically
a screwandnut
- Usesprinciple
of a wedgelo drivethenut
- Lotsof friction= low efficiency
(30%)

BallScrews

- same ideaas readscrew- repracethreadto

threadcontu"twithbails
- Lotslessfriction= higherefficiency
(90%+1

I,:
Lrr
ME 2C03,W04

Applications:
. Clutchesare usedto connectanddisconnect
rotatjngshafts:
ntuast nuZens

QRAWPRESSUqE

THROW.OUf
collAn MOVES r

l0

MX 2C03,W04

P.?.< ,-(-...;,.
. Brakesturn kineticenergyinto heat

. Controlling
belttensioncanact as a clutch.
AELITAUT
WITHENGINE

ME 2C03,W04

ll

Variabledrjveratioscanbe obtainedby changingpulley

groovewidth:

FLOAIING
FI,INCE

FIXED
FUNGE

DISENGAGED

GARIENSPRING
TENDSTO KEEP
FLAIVOES
CIOSED

a,-tcx aELT

IEAVESPULI'Y

crosEo

11$,iWlffl
,"ffiif;;t#E

\AJ CE'\

'z <l t o\ ' z . oa

ME 2C03,W04

Drivesl
powermechanically,
andcontrolling
a number
Whentransmitting
of commondevicesare used,e.g.:
. Beltsand pulleys
. Chainsandsprockets
, Clutches
. Brakes
Belt and ChainDrives

Driver

. Thesedrivesusea flexibleelementto transmitpowerthrough

tension.
. Beltstransmitpowerbetweenpul/eys,chainstransmitpower
betweensprockets.
' Powermay be transmittedbetweentwo or moreshafts,and at
on pulley/sprocket
size.
differentangularspeedsdepending
. Different
can be achieved
speedratioson the sameequipment
(e.9.,as
on steppedpulleys/sprockets
by shiftingthe belVchain
in a bicyclederailleur).
. Idlersare pulleys/sprockets
thatonlytensionor takeup slackin
(e.9.,extrasprockets
in bicyclederailleur).
the belUchain
l. Shisley dd Misch.ke,"Mecheical EngineeringDesig4 6d Ed." Mccraw Hill, New Yor!, 2001.
2. ME 2C03 Course\l!rc Paclase

ME 2C03,W04

withdifferent
crosssections:
Beltsareavailable
whenmadeof
o Flat- Foundmostlyin old machinery,
can be usedat highspeeds
highstrengthmaterials,
withlowvibration.
e.9.,drives
o Round- Foundin lowpowerapplications,
in cassettetape players.
o V - Widerangeof sizesandapplications:

BENI ARAUND A PUU'Y.

Ribbedor Poly-V- hasmoregroovecontactareaso

cantransmitmorepowerwithoutslipping.More
expensivethanV-belts,but offerslessweightand
vibration.

i)

Timingor Cogged- haveteethwhichprevent

rotationof pulleys.
slippageandensuresynchronized
.J_

t\

i\

ME 2C03,W04

rollers.
RollerChainis composed
of metallinksseparating
. Chaincomesin standardoitches
. Chainmaybe singlestrand(e.9.,bicyclechain),double(as
below)or triplestrand.
. No slippagegivessynchronous
drive.
. Requires
lubricant
andprotection
fromdirtfor longestlife.
. Usuallynoisierthanbelts,butcantransmithigherforces.

Roller
diameter

width
Ultimate
Derween tensile
innerolates strenoth

mm

mm

mm
3.'18

KN

9.525
12.7
12.7
15.875
19.05
25.4

5.08

4.77

7.77

6.25
7.85
9.4
12.57
15.75
18.9

7.9
6.67

DINISO
ChainNO.

ANSIChain Pitch
No.
P

o4c-1

25

06c-1
085-1
08A-1
10A-1
't2A-1
16A-1

41

20A-1

100
120

24A.-1
28A.-1

32A-1
36A-1
40A-1
48A-1

40
50
60
80
'140
160
180
200
240

3'1.75
38.'l
44.45
50.8
5 7.15
63.5

' 10.16
11.91
15.88
19.05

22.23
25.4
28.58
35.71
39.68
47.63

25.22
25.22
31.55
35.48
37.85
47.35

22.2
31.8
56.7
88.5

'127
't72.4

2A0.2
353.8
510.3

ME 2C03,W04

SpeedRatio
. Speedratiofor beltsis foundas a ratioof the pulleydiameters:
R = o1n/0t64= Do,/D;n

Remember
thatmost(i.e.,flat,round,V, ribbed)beltscan slip,
so thisratiocanchangeunderload.
Fortimingbeltsandchains,driveis positiveanddependson
the numberof teethon the pulleys/sprockets,
so,
R = Nout/Nin

. Forchaindrives,N'in.) '17and R < 6 for maximumchainlife.

.t.".l;:ru

Finite ElementAnalysis(FEA) or
F,inite
ElementMethod (FEM)
s TheFiniteElement
Analysis(FEA)is a
numerical
methodfor soiving'problems
of
engineering
andmathematicaf
physics.
+ Usefulfor problemswithcomplicated
geometries,
foadings,
andmateriaf
properties

analvtical
solutions
cannotbe
ryh.eqe

obtained.

C "'a/ a*" t

-. -,.iyFiniteElementAnalysis(fEA) - A Useful
Tool for EvaluatingDesignPerformance
(Topicsof Discussion)

1. Useof FEAin CAD Environment,

or Computer
AidedEngineering
- Pro/MECHANICA

2. Background
of FEAModelGeneration
and
Solution
Procedure
3. Capabilities
andLimitations
of FEATools
4. The Useof CADModelandFEAToolsfor
Optimizing
a Design

I r... l -

.zK l t0

CAD - How ComputerCan Aid

Design?

Automating
DrawingGeneration
Creatingan Accurate3D Modelto
Better
Represent
the DesignandAlt;ing f"ry Design
lmprovements
Evaluating
HowGo_od
i.st.le_Design
and Finding

Design
Ftaws
- Anatysis
(FElt-'""

Howto lmprovethe Design_ Sensitivity

Analysis
Optimizing
the Design_ Optimization

l (ett' 1

Examplesof Finite ElementAnalysis(FEA)

or Finite ElementMethod (FEM)

\r3tffffi
*i,

lntroductiomto
Pro/&[ECHANICA

.;{.

''$tr

What is Pro/Mechanica?
j' d
,r"L
'; -

'tsan tT9@99
Pro/MECHANICA
andalso
independent
FiniteElement
Analysis
(FEA)
moduleof Pro/ECAD/CAE/CAM
system.
- Pro/MECHANTCA
STRUCTURE
- Pro/MECHANICA
THERMAL
- Pro/MECHANTCA
MOTION

( ac \- d.\

Start Pro/Mechanicafrom pro/E

-''

,:rffi

Itunehcontcxt

blu*

rcntrs
sensitirtpop-up

.' .,:liil$
''4

Pro/MechanicaStructure
. Static,Modal,Buckling,
Contact,and Pre-stress
Analyses
0 Linearstaticstressanalysis-- moststructures,
exceptnonlinearlyelasticmaterials(suchas rubber)and structures
with
(suchas shells)
largedeformation
0 Buckinganalysis
of slimposts.
- stability
. Vibration.- sh..k,5
0 Modalanalysis(modeshapesandnatural
frequencies)
problems.
dynamicandvibration

. Sensitivity
Study(identify
designparameters)
. Optimization
(identify
the bestvaluesof design
parameters)

Pro/NlechanicaThermal
Steadystateandtransient
thermalmodeling
Sensitivity
study
Optimization
\A--r' rJ*l,*-. ". l. =

Pro/MechanicaMotion

3D static,kinetic,dynamic,andinversedynamic
analysesas wellas interference
checking

n':'5

OperationModes
lntegrated
- Easydesignchange
- Cannotseemesh,lessFEA
Linked
- Bothinterfaces;
combination
of the othertwo
modes
- Comparably
moredifficultto use
Independent
- StrongFEA
c L-t:\-=,.
- Independent
to Pro/E;hardto Tgdify
{.."*g

{*-.

\,a.:i-

OperationModes

*:;.iir;i

Two Approximation
Methods
h element
(.) flrn o

p element

GeneralProcess
. buildyourpart
. delinecoordinate
systems,if desired
. addmatorials,
loads,contactregiohs,
constraints,
anomBasures
. createstructuralidealizations
lor vourmodel

Developthe Model

. detinean analysis
. runthe analysis
. reviewthe analvsisresults

Analyze the Model

DeflneModelChanges

->

Optlmizethe Model

.
.
.
.

studies
andoptimization
definesensltivity
runthestudies
reviewthestudyresults
design
accpttheoptimized

' ' \,.i;

""-:q

FEA in Pro/MECHANICA
Discretization

Real
Word

Simplified
(ldealized)
Physical
Model

Discretized
(mesh)
Model

DifferencebetweenCAD Model and

FEA Model
A CADmodelis to providea detaileddocument
for
manufacturing

A FEAmodelsimply
capturestheroughgeometry
of the
designanditsloadingconditions.
fl. ,r,"'Va \

0. Eliminatio4
all unimportant
designdetailsthathaveminor
effecton the resultsof FEA.
0 Useof partsymmetryto dramatically
reducethe sizeof the
model.
0 Elimination
of uninterested
portionof the design.
powerof today
- dueto the limitedcomputation

Useof Model Symmetry to Reducethe

'=ComputationComplexity- yz and/al.4iodel
C"(c-

tq{e"v,\

Processof UsingPro/M Structure

FEA Results

Convergence
Methods
. Quick Check
- ls nota convergence
methodsincethe modelis runonlyfor
a singlefixed(low)polynomial
order.
- Forerrorcheck
- The resultshouldneverbe trusted

. Single PassAdaptive
- Morethana euickCheck,butlessthana complete
convergence
- Unlessthe modelis verycomputationally
intensive
and/oris very
wellbehavedand known,avoidthismethod

. Multi-PassAdaptive

- Theultimate
in convergence
analysis.
- Baseyourfinalconclusions
on the resultsobtainedusingthis
convergence
method.

"1;,4I i :.: :. Eq

.',{

ConvergencePlots for the Maximum Von

MisesStressand Strain Energy
l!0r-tJacr!-em-'

[ ] Aolb n / r . ( "2 / i n ' ? ]

loddlct:toddS.l

lli"ll-f [ , i, P, , , ^rr
["!3iit:Looas.
rr

io,,
"r .r .o

Tutorials for Pro/EngineerWildfire

Pro/Mechanica
for StructuralAnalysis,
SensitivityAnalysis,and DesignOptimization
7.1Preparethe Model
7.2 Start Pro/IVIECHANICA
7.3Definethe FEA model
7.4Run a staticanalysis
7.5Designparameter sensitivitystudy
7.6 Designoptimization

Pro/Mechanica
- StandardStaticAnalysis
8.1 Objectives
8.2Procedures

An Example
:

. Preparation
of the Model
- Baseof a Vise

FEA Mode from CAD Model

(b) A SimplifiedCAD Model

(C) A FEA Model

Building a FEA ilIodel

. Materials
. Loads
. Constraints

pre-processing
. Invisible
in theIntegrated
Mode

Analysis

. QuickCheck
. Multi-passAdaptive

post-processing
. Displacement
. Von-mises
Stress
. StrainEnergy

',i
Results

(a) Deformation

(b)Von MisesStress

Convergence
Check

(a)VonMises

(b) StrainEnergy

ParameterSensitivitvStudv
. Definea designparameter
(groovesize)

. Definea designstudy
. Performthe studyand plotdisplacement
andstress

SensitivitvStudv
.,U

MaxDisplacement

Differentgroovesize
causesdifferentresults

MaxStress

DesignOptimization
Objective:
minimize
the maximumstressin the structure
Constraints:
maximumdeformation
of the L bracket

design
variable

Resultof the Optimization

dt

Bestgroovesize:0.13(with minimumMaximumStress)

Different Optimi zationResult

(whenlarge deformationis allowed)
0 r-o r
rt!,

t -tn
rar^2

elrqn

ina?)

e .!ta ,tl

Max Displacement

MaxStress

Different Optimization Result

(whenlarge deformationis NOT allowed)

Max Displacement

MaxStress

An Different DesignOptimization
Objective:
minimize
the weight(mass)of the structure
maximumloadanddeformation
Constraints:
(twodesign
1. Definerelationsto controlthe modelgeneration
parameters;
one is the groovesizeandtheotheris theoverall
fixturesize.)
2. Specifyrangesof variables,
objective,
and constraints
3. Performthe optimization
(about15min.)
4. Resultsplottingand

convergence
check

Two design
variables

Pro/MECHANICA
IntegratedMode:Theothertwoprograms
(Thermal
andMotion)
areusedforthermalanalysis
andmotionanalysis
of mechanicai,
respectively.
Bothof theseprogramscan pass
fy-stems,
,

(forexampte
hformation
temperature
OisiriOutiongffi_b

Structurein orderto computethe associated

stresses.
DesignToor:pro/MEcHANTcA
is a designtoorsinceit wit atow
parametric
studiesas wellas designoptiriization.
Limitations:pro/MStructuredoesnotcurrenfly
havethe ability
to handlenon-linear
problems
(e.g.stressanatysis
invotvinja',
non-linearly
elasticmateriallit<errIOOer).
Problemsinvolvinglargegeometric
deflections
can be treated,as
longas the stressesremar-n
withinthe rinearty
erasticrangefor
thematerial.

Quick Questions
. Whya CADmodelshouldbe simplified
and
portionof the modelshouldbe removed
unimportant
for FEA?
. Doesa FEAmodelonlyincludeinformation
of
productgeometry,
loadsandconstraints?
. Whatare Pro/MECHANICA's
threeconvergence
methods?
. Whatis the idealindexfor FEAconvergence
check?
. CanPro/MECHANICA
runindependently
to Pro/E?
. Whatarethethreenecessary
components
of an
problem?
optimization