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Subject+1st Verb +Object

More Examples

1st Verb+ s/es>(He, She, It,any Name, Singular noun)

A: Rahul speaks.

1st Verb >(I, We, They, You,Plural Noun)


N: Rahul does not speak.
Simple Present

Eg.1. He walks.
2. She does.
3. I play.

Q: Does Rahul speak?


A>

AffirmativeN> NegativeQ>

4. You teach me the lesson.

Question

Subject +is/am/are(Helping Verb+1ST Verb+ Ing+ Object

More Examples

Is > (He, She, It, any Name,Singular noun)


A: Rahul is speaking.
Am > I
Present

Are >(We, They, You, Plural Noun)

Continuous

Eg.1. He is walking.

N: Rahul is not speaking.


Q: is Rahul speaking?

2. She is doing.
3. I am Playing.

A>

AffirmativeN> NegativeQ>

Question
4. You are teaching me the lesson.
Subject +Has/Have(Helping Verb)+3rd Verb+ Object

More Examples

Has>(He ,She ,it ,any Name ,Singular noun)

A: He has spoken.

Have>(I, We, They, You, Plural Noun)


N: He has not spoken.
Present Perfect

Eg.1. He has worked.


2. She has done.
3. I have played.

Q: Has he spoken?
A>

AffirmativeN> NegativeQ>

4. You have taught me the lesson.

Question

Subject + have/has(helping verb)+been+1st verb+ Ing+ Object

More Examples

Has>(He, She ,It ,any Name, Singular noun)

A: He has been speaking.

Have>(I, We, They, You, Plural Noun)


Present

Perfect

N: He has not been speaking.


Eg.1. He has been working.

Continuous
2. She has been doing.
3. I have been playing.
4. You have been teaching me.

Q: Has he been speaking?


A>

AffirmativeN> NegativeQ>

Question

Subject+2nd Verb +Object

More Examples

Eg.1. He walked.

A: He spoke.

2. She did.
N: He did not speak.
Simple Past

3. I played.
Q: Did he speak?
4. You taught me the lesson.

A>AffirmativeN>

NegativeQ>

Question
Subject +was/were(Helping verb)+1st Verb+ ing+ Object

More Examples

Was > (I, He, She, It, any Name, Singular noun)

A: He was speaking.

Were >(We, They, You, Plural Noun)


N: He was not speaking.
Past Continuous

Eg.1. He was walking.


2. She was doing.
3. I was Playing.

Q: Was he speaking?
A> Affirmative N> Negative Q>

4. You were teaching the lesson.

Question

Subject+ Had(Helping Verb)+3rd Verb+ Object

More Examples

Eg.1. He had worked.

A: He had spoken.

2. She had done.


N: He had not spoken.
Past Perfect

3. I had played.
Q: Had he spoken?
4. You had taught me the lesson.

A>Affirmative

N>Negative

>Question
Subject+ had(helping verb)+been+1st verb+ Ing+ Object

More Examples

Eg.1. He had been working.

A: He had been speaking.

2. She had been doing.


Past

Perfect

N: He had not been speaking.


3. I had been playing.

Continuous
Q: Had he been speaking?
4. You had been teaching.

A>Affirmative N> Negative Q


>Question

SimpleFuture

Subject +will /shall+1st Verb+ Object

More Examples

Eg.1. He will walk.

A: He will speak.N: He will not

2. She will do.

speak.

3. I shall Play.

4. You will teach me the lesson.

Q: Will he speak?
A>Affirmative N> Negative Q>
Question

Subject+ will/shall(Helping Verb)+be+1st Verb+ ing+ Object

More Examples

Eg.1. He will be walking.

A: He will be speaking.

2. She will be doing.


N: He will not be speaking.
FutureContinuous

3. I shall be Playing.
Q: Will he be speaking?
4. You will be teaching the lesson.

A> Affirmative N> Negative Q>


Question

Subject+ will/shall(Helping Verb)+ have +3rd Verb + Object

More Examples

Eg.1. He will have worked.

A: He will have spoken.

2. She will have done.


N: He will not have spoken.
Future Perfect

3. I shall have played.


Q: Will he be spoken.
4. You will have taught me the lesson.

A>Affirmative

N>Negative

>Question
Subject+ will +have+ been+1st verb +ing+ Object

More Examples

Eg.1. He will have been working.

A: He will have been speaking.

2. She will have been doing.


FuturePerfect

N: He will not have been speaking.


3. I will have been playing.

Continuous
Q: Will he have been speaking?
4. You will have been teaching.

A>Affirmative N> Negative Q


>Question

Simple

Progressive

Perfect

Perfect Progressive

Present finish

am/is/are
finishing

have/has
finished

have/has been
finishing

Past

finished

was/were
finishing

had finished

had been finishing

Future

will
finish

will be finishing

will have
finished

will have been


finishing

Things to remember about simple tense:


a. Present tense is the original verb form.
b. Past tense has a few patterns.
c. Future tense needs will (shall) + verb.
run

I run a marathon twice a year. (present)

I ran a marathon last year. (past)

I will run a marathon next year. (future)


eat

I eat lunch in my office.

I ate lunch an hour ago.

I will eat lunch in one hour.


see

I see a movie once a week.

I saw a movie yesterday.

I will see a movie tomorrow.


know

I know it.

I knew it the day before yesterday.

I will know it by tomorrow.


learn

I learn English.

I learned English the last two years.

I will learn English next year.


cook

I cook my supper every night.

I cooked our dinner already.

I will cook breakfast tomorrow.

The Tenses in English Grammar - Reference


One sentence is put into different tenses. You can see how the meaning changes.
The words in green are signal words. They tell you which tense you have to use.
Tense

Example

Explanation

Simple
Present

I play football every week. Here you want to say that it happens regularly.

Present
Progressive

I'm playing football now.

Simple Past

I played footballyesterday. You did it yesterday, it happened in the past.

Past
Progressive

I was playing football the


whole evening.

You were doing it in the past. It's not sure whether the
action was finished or not.

Present
Perfect

I have just playedfootball.

You have just finished it. So it has a connection to the


present. Maybe your clothes are dirty.

Present
Perfect
Progressive

I have been
playingfootball for 2 hours.

You want to say how long you have been doing it. (You
started in the past and it continues up to the present.

Past Perfect

I had played football


before Susan came.

The two actions are related to each other: you had


finished to play football and after that the girl arrived.

Past Perfect
Progressive

I had been playingfootball


for two hours when Susan
came.

Here you want to point out how long you had been
doing it before the girl came.

will-future

I will play football next


week.

This is a prediction, you can probably do something


else.

going tofuture

I'm going to playfootball


this afternoon.

This is a plan you've made.

Future
Progressive

I will be playing football


next Sunday.

You do it every Sunday (as usual)

Future
Perfect

I will have playedfootball


by tomorrow.

You will have done it before tomorrow.

Here you want to say that it is happening at the


moment.

Conditional
Simple

I would play football.

You'll probably do it.

Conditional
Progressive

I would be playingfootball.

You'll probably do it. Here you concentrate more on the


progress of the action.

Conditional
Perfect

I would have
playedfootball.

You'll probably have finished playing football at a


special time in the future. Here you concentrate on the
fact (football).

Conditional
Perfect
Progressive

I would have been


playing football.

You'll probably have finished playing football at a


special time in the future. Here you concentrate on the
progress of playing (football).

Negations of the sentences


Tense

Example

Simple Present

I do not play football every week.


I don't play football every week.

Present Progressive

I am not playing football now.


I'm not playing football now.

Simple Past

I did not play football yesterday.


I didn't play football yesterday.

Past Progressive

I was not playing football yesterday.


I wasn't playing football yesterday.

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Progressive

Past Perfect

I have not played football.


I haven't played football.
I've not played football.
I have not been playing football.
I haven't been playing football.
I've not been playing football.
I had not played football.
I hadn't played football.
I'd not played football.

Past Perfect Progressive

I had not been playing football.


I hadn't been playing football.
I'd not been playing football.

will-future

I will/shall not play football next week.


I won't play football next week.

going to-future

I am not going to play football this afternoon.


I'm not going to play football this afternoon.

Future Progressive

I will/shall not be playing football.


I won't be playing football.

Future Perfect

I will/shall not have played football.


I won't have played football.

Conditional Simple

I would not play football.


I'd not play football.

Conditional Progressive

I would not be playing football.


I wouldn't be playing football.

I'd not be playing football.

Conditional Perfect

I would not have played football.


I wouldn't have played football.
I'd not have played football.

Conditional Perfect Progressive

I would not have been playing football.


I wouldn't have been playing football.
I'd not have been playing football.

Questions
Tense

Example

Simple Present

Do you play football?

Present Progressive

Are you playing football?

Simple Past

Did you play football?

Past Progressive

Were you playing football?

Present Perfect

Have you played football?

Present Perfect Progressive

Have you been playing football?

Past Perfect

Had you played football?

Past Perfect Progressive

Had you been playing football?

will-future

Will you play football?

going to-future

Are you going to play football?

Future Progressive

Will you be playing football?

Future Perfect

Will you have played football?

Conditional Simple

Would you play football?

Conditional Progressive

Would you be playing football?

Conditional Perfect

Would you have played football?

Conditional Perfect Progressive

Would you have been playing football?

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