Fourier series; mathematical analysis on periodic phenomena.

fourier transform; concerned with non peridiodic phenomena

how some ideas carry over (easily) back and forth between the two. some
phenomena, some techniques. some dont.
taking a function, signal, waveform of the time domain and converting it to its
frequency domain
gives you markers - how to think about it, how to organize it, what general
category does it fit under

Two inverse problems: question of analysis and synthesis:

Analysis - breaking a signal into simpler consituent parts
synthesis- reassembling a signal from its consituent parts
= Two parts go together, put them together to get a new signal or take them
back to the original signal. Add/subtract frequencies. Determine original
frequencies or better understand other of its frequencies of which a waveform
contains.
Both synthesis and analysis are accomplished by linear operations (intervals
and series)
Often hear that fourier analysis is a part of the subject of "linear systems"

periodic phenonmena and fourier series

the mathematics and engineeing of regurlary repeating patterns
- periodic phenomena often are either:
periodicty in time: (harmonic motion, pendullum) patterns
repeating over time (over and over again)
periodcity in space : a physical quantity distributed over a region
with symmetry, the region itself has a period pattern. Periodicity arises from

the symmetry; (the distribution of heat on a circular ring. The ring has circular
symmetry, measuring temperature on point on ring. (periodic) describes
where you are in the ring. periodic in space. 9spatial variable) - gives you the
position. periodcity arises because the object repeats.
Analysis - often associated with symmetry. (group theory)
Mathematical descriptors of periodicity: The numbers, quantities that
you associate with either phenomena or a function (signal) thats periodic in
time or in space
Periodic in Time: (Frequency) - number of repetitions of the pattern in one
second or over time. number of cycles in a second. how often a pattern
repeats over a certain period of time.
Periodic in Space: (period, Wavelength) - the measurment of how big the
pattern is that repeats. The length
Both come together in wave motion, a travelling periodic disturbance. A
reguraly repeating pattern that changes in time - moves. (A reguraly moving
disturbance)
Frequency and wavelength
Time - The number of times it repeats in one second. The number of times
the pattern repeats in one second. The number of time the phenomena
comes to you.
Space- You fix the time, and see howthe phenomena looks like distributed
over space. The pattern is distributed over space. You go to the phenomena.
The length of the disturbance is the wavelength
IF you have a reguraly repeating pattern over time, both relate to each other.
(frequency and wavelength) - distances = rate x time
The rate is the velocity of the wave..
lamden times null = V (a reciprocal relationship between the frequency and
the wavelength) in the quantities involved.
Think about how simple ideas cast shadows into much more involved
situations. To organize the understanding of the material.
Ask questions, should I expect reciprocal relationship? The quantities that im
interested should be related in a reciprocal way.
Mathematical functions that model periodic behavior. ( are periodic, repeat)

Cos t, sin t are periodic of period 2~(pie)

both are associated with the periodcity in space. with an object that repeats.
where the cost is the x coordinate and sinet is the y coordinate. They are
periodic because if you go around the circle you are back where you started
from.
any multiple or any integer,
cos(t +2~) = cost sin(t + 2~) sint
n = o, +/- 1, +/-2...
cos(t + 2~) = cost
sin(t + 2~) = sint
you see this fundemental relationship with periodicity in space
functions associated with simple phenomena used to model complex
phenomena.