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Problem1328fromHeatTransfer,4thEditionbyCengel&Ghajar

TheProblem1328statementstates,onp.781,thatAsolidsphereof1mdiameteriskeptinan
evacuated,long,equilateraltriangularenclosurewhosesidesare2mlong.That(long)implies
infinite,channellikeequilateraltriangularduct(ofinfiniteAreaA2)withaballinside(offinitearea
A1=D2.,thusviewfactorsare,F12=1,F21=0,andF22=1.Furthermore,theFig.P1328implies(thus
unfortunatelyconfusing)thatthetriangularenclosurescrosssectionistouchingthespherethat
wouldrequire 3sidelength,notarbitrarilygiven2mlong,althoughanylengthbiggerthan 3is
valid,butnottouchingwithallsides.
Thesolution(attachedbelow)calculatestheenclosureareaasbeingequilateraltetrahedronofthree
sidesandillustrationswiththethree,2msidesaretouching1mdiameterball,thelatterbeing
impossible,seeabove,andalsotetrahedronhasfourequilateraltriangles,onebase(ifsoconsidered)
andthreeadditionaltowardsitsapex,seehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedronformoredetails.If
thatisthecase(althoughconflictingwiththeproblemstatement,seeabove),thanthetouching
tetrahedronsedgelengthshouldbe
6=2.45m,thuswouldnotfitinatetrahedronwith2m
triangularlength(andcrosssectioncutwouldbequitedifferent).Inadditiontheenclosureareawould
be4times,not3times,theequilateraltrianglearea,i.e.,

3.

ItappearsthattheP1328solutioniswrongforeithercasescenario.AsstatedintheProblem
statement,seeabove,thesolution,usingthesamegivenprocedure,shouldsimplybe:

0 and any value,sincetheresultdoesnotdependof .

13-17

13-28 A solid sphere is placed in an evacuated equilateral triangular enclosure. The view factor from the enclosure to the
sphere and the emissivity of the enclosure are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist 2 The surfaces are opaque, diffuse, and gray. 3 Convection heat transfer is
not considered.
Properties The emissivity of sphere is given to be 1 = 0.45.

T1 = 600 K

Analysis (a) We take the sphere to be surface 1 and the surrounding


enclosure to be surface 2. The view factor from surface 2 to surface
1 is determined from reciprocity relation:
2

A1 = D = (1 m) = 3.142 m
2

A2 = 3 L D

L
2m
= 3 (2 m) 2 (1 m) 2
= 5.196 m 2
2
2

1 = 0.45

2m
2m

T2 = 420 K
2 = ?

1m

A1 F12 = A2 F21
(3.142)(1) = (5.196) F21

2m

F21 = 0.605
(b) The net rate of radiation heat transfer can be expressed for this two-surface enclosure to yield the emissivity of the
enclosure:
Q& =

3100 W =

T1 4 T2 4

1 1
1 2
1
+
+
A1 1
A1 F12
A2 2

(5.67 10 8 W/m 2 K 4 ) (600 K )4 (420 K )4


1 2
1 0.45
1
+
+
2
2
(3.142 m )(0.45) (3.142 m )(1) (5.196 m 2 ) 2

2 = 0.150

13-29 A long cylindrical rod coated with a new material is placed in an evacuated long cylindrical enclosure which is
maintained at a uniform temperature. The emissivity of the coating on the rod is to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist 2 The surfaces are
opaque, diffuse, and gray.
Properties The emissivity of the enclosure is given to be 2 = 0.95.

D2 = 0.1 m
T2 = 200 K
2 = 0.95

D1 = 0.01 m
T1 = 600 K
1 = ?

Analysis The emissivity of the coating on the rod is determined from

A (T 4 T2 4 )
Q& 12 = 1 1
1 1 2 r1

+
1
2 r2
12 W =

[ (0.01 m)(1 m)](5.67 10 8 W/m 2 K 4 )[(600 K )4 (200 K )4 ]


1 1 0.95 1
+

1
0.95 10

Vacuum

which gives
1 = 0.0527

PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Limited distribution permitted only to teachers and educators for course
preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.

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