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EH/JUN2012/CHE471

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES 1

COURSE CODE

CHE471

EXAMINATION

JUNE 2012

TIME

3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.

This question paper consists of five (5) questions.

2.

Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3.

Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4.

Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i)
ii)
Hi)
iv)

the Question Paper

a one - page Appendix
physical properties table - provided by the Faculty
an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 5 printed pages
) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

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EH/JUN 2012/CHE471

QUESTION 1
(P01, 0 0 1 , 0 1 , 0 2 , 0 2 , 0 3 )
a) Define the following:
i)

Specific volume of a substance.

ii)

Compound units.

(2 marks)
(2 marks)
iii)

Flowmeter and name two (2) commonly used flowmeters.

(4 marks)

b) Compare an open-end manometer and sealed-end manometer using appropriate figures.

(4 marks)
c) The Redlich-Kwong equation of state is given by

RT
v-b

a
v(y + b)y/f

Where R = the universal gas constant [=0.518 kJ/(kg-K)], T= absolute temperature (K),
p = absolute pressure (kPa) and v = the volume of a kg of gas (m3/kg).
i)

What are the unit for parameters a and b ?

(4 marks)

ii) Prove that the unit of term RT l{y - b) in the above equation is in kPa.
(4 marks)
iii) Calculate the absolute pressure in kPa when the absolute temperature is -40C, the
volume of the gas is 0.00275 m3/kg, parameter ais 12.6126 and parameter bis
0.0018707.
(4 marks)
d) For a gas reaction at 450 K, the rate is reported as
- ^ - = 2.56p2A, atm/hr
dt
Calculate the new value of the rate constant for the above reaction if it is expressed as
dC

*
dt

kC]A , mol/m3-s
'

Given that pA = CART and CA is in mol/m3.

(6 marks)

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EH/JUN 2012/CHE471

QUESTION 2
(P02, C02, C3, C3, C3, C5)
Sugar cane is fed to a mill where syrup is squeezed out. The resulting Bagasse contains
80% pulp. Bagasse is the fiber left over after the juice has been squeezed out of sugarcane
stalks. The syrup (A) which contains lightly divided series pulp is fed to a screen which
removes all the pulp and produces a clear syrup (B) containing 15% sugar and the remaining
is water. The evaporator makes heavy syrup and crystallizer produces 1000 Ib/hr of sugar
crystals (refer to Figure 1).
a) Determine the water removed in the evaporator in Ib/hr.
(5 marks)
b) Determine the compositions of waste stream C.
(5 marks)
c) Calculate the percentage of sugar lost with the Bagasse to the sugar fed in to the cane.
(8 marks)
d) Suggest two ways to reduce the lost calculated in (c).
(2 marks)

/
1000 Ib/hr Sugar

Fcane
16% Sugar
25% Water
59% Pulp

6
Water

40% Sugar

'r
A
Mill

Screen

Evaporator

13% Sugar
14% Pulp

15% Sugar

*V

D Bagasse
80% PuIP

Water

Solid C i
95%

Figure 1 Flow sheet of a sugar manufacture

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EH/JUN 2012/CHE471

QUESTION 3
(P02, C02, C1.C1.C3, C5)
A stream of ethylene (C2H4) and water (H 2 0) are fed to a reactor to produce ethanol
(C2H5OH). Some of the ethanol is converted to diethyl ether (C4H10O) and water in the side
reaction.
a) Write the chemical reactions involved in the above process.
(2 marks)
b) Draw and label the process flow diagram.
(2 marks)
c) The reactor is designed to give a selectivity of 10 mol ethanol/mol diethyl ether and a
17% conversion of ethylene. The feed ratio (mol ethylene/mol water) is 1:3. Taking a
basis of 100 mol/hr of ethylene, calculate the compositions of the product and the
fractional yield of ethanol.
(13 marks)
d) Conclude whether the reactor should be designed to yield low conversion or high
conversion of ethylene and why.
(3 marks)

QUESTION 4
(P01.C03, C1.C3, C3, C3)
A stream of ethane gas flows under pressure and temperature conditions of 10.0 atm and
35C respectively. Data and related equations are provided in Appendix 1.
a) Define Pitzer acentric factor.
(2 marks)
b) Calculate y (L/mol) using virial equation.
(9 marks)
c) Calculate compressibility Z.
(2 marks)
d) Determine the mass flow rate of ethane in kg/h.
(2 marks)
Given: MW of Ethane = 30 g/mol

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EH/JUN 2012/CHE471

QUESTION 5
(P02, C04, C3, C5, C5)
Two streams of saturated steam at 10 bar and superheated steam at 20 bar is combined in a
mixer with a mixing ratio 2.15 kg of superheated steam to 1.5 kg of saturated steam.
Temperature for both streams is unknown. The mixing process operates at steady state
condition and the product stream is at 450C and 10 bar. Considering an adiabatic condition
of the mixing,
a) Determine the temperatures of both inlets.
(9 marks)
b) Evaluate whether the calculated value of temperatures is too low or too high if the heat is
loss to the surroundings from the mixer. Justify your answer.
(2 marks)
c) Propose two (2) examples of adiabatic process.
(4 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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APPENDIX 1

EH/JUN 2012/CHE471

Table 1: Pitzer Acentric Factors

Compound

Acentric Factor, co

Ammonia
Argon
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Chlorine
Ethane
Hydrogen sulfide
Methane
Methanol
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Propane
Sulfur dioxide
Water

0.250
0.004
0.225
0.049
0.073
0.098
0.100
0.008
0.559
0.040
0.021
0.152
0.251
0.344

Related equation:

PV

B=

RT
-^(B0+coBx)

-0.083-^

J,-0.139-#

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