tration No: Unregistered Copy

Capacities for Ordinary Bolts to BS449: Part 2

Type of Bolt Heads

Norm
al

Counters
unk

Shear Plane Postion

Threa
ds

Shan
k

Shear Plane in: Threads

Bolt Grade

4.6

6.8

8.8

Grade of Connected Ply

10.9

12.9

Bolt Grade: 8.8

Dia
of

Bolt
Tensile

Tension
Capacity Pt at

Shear Capacity at
#VALUE!

Bolt
d

Stress
Area

#VALUE!
Shank Threads

in Threads
Single Double

mm
M 1.6

mm2
1.27

kN
###

kN
###

kN
###

kN
###

5 mm
###

M2
M 2.5
M3

2.07
3.39
5.03

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

M4
M5

8.78
14.2

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

M6
M8

20.1
36.6

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

M 10

58
84.3

###
###

###
###

###
###

115
157

###
###

###
###

192
245

###
###

303
353
459

14.9

S275
(43)

S355
(50)

Connected Ply Grade: S275 (43)

Bearing Capacity of Bolts in kN for End Distance e >=

Bolt Bearing Strength:
#VALUE!

Combined Capacity
Shear Plane in Threads

2d

Ply Bearing Strength:

#VALUE!
Thickness of Ply Passed Through in mm

Applied
Tension Ft

Calculated
Shear Fs

kN

kN
#VALUE!

###

##
#
##

8 mm
###

9 mm
###

10 mm
###

12.5 mm

###

15 mm
###

20 mm
###

25 mm
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

###
###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

(M 33)

561
694

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

M 36
(M 39)

817
976

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

M 42
(M 45)

1120
1300

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

M 48
(M 52)

1470
1760

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

M 56
(M 60)

2030
2360

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

###
###
###

M 64
(M 68)

2680
3060

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

###
###

#VALUE!
#VALUE!

###
###

M 12
(M 14)

M 16
(M 18)

M 20
(M 22)
M 24
(M 27)
M 30

7.1 mm 7.2 mm
###
###

S460
(55)

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Font/Colour Key: Normal (Red): Bearing Critical; Bold (Blue): Bearing > Single Shear; Italic (Green): Bearing > Double Shear
Sizes shown in brackes are non preferred
Fasten449000527
2000 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd
Note: Bolts diameters shown in Bold represent the size range for structural design of buildings.

File: 250672392.xls Tab: Bolts

Capacity of Ordinary Bolts to BS449

Date: 1

User Registration No: Unregistered Copy

Capacities for High Strength Friction Grip Bolts to BS449: Part 2

Slip
Factor
U

HSFG Grade

Tension Condition

Part 1: General Grade

No Fatigue

Part 2: Higher Grade

With Fatigue

0.45
Bolt
Dia
d
mm
M 12
M 16
M 20
M 22
M 24
M 27
M 30
M 36

General Grade
Proof
Load
Po
kN
49.4
92.1
144.0
177.0
207.0
234.0
286.0
418.0

Tension
Capacity
Pt=0.6 Po
kN
29.6
55.3
86.4
106.2
124.2
140.4
171.6
250.8

1.4 Normal Loading

1.2 Wind Loading

No Fatigue

1.4 for Normal Loading

Shear Value Ps

Combined Loading
Applied
Shear
Tension
Capacity
Ft in kN
Fs in kN
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

Single
Shear
kN
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

Double
Shear
kN
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

2000 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd

Fasten449000527

File: 250672392.xls Tab: HSFG

Load Factor

HSFG Bolt Capacities

Date: 11/10/2014

User Registration No: Unregistered Copy

Capacities for Fillet Welds to BS449: Part 2

Steel Grade
Size
S275 (43)
of
Using
Weld
E43 or E51
Electrodes
Leg
Throat
Capacity at
Length Thickness 115 N/mm2
mm
mm
kN/mm
3
2.1
0.242
4
2.8
0.322
5
3.5
0.403
6
4.2
0.483
8
5.6
0.644
10
7.0
0.805
12
8.4
0.966
13
9.1
1.047
15
10.5
1.208
16
11.2
1.288
18
12.6
1.449
20
14.0
1.610
22
15.4
1.771
25
17.5
2.013
30
21.0
2.415

Steel Grade
S355 (50)
Using
E43 or E51
Electrodes
Capacity at
160 N/mm2
kN/mm
0.336
0.448
0.560
0.672
0.896
1.120
1.344
1.456
1.680
1.792
2.016
2.240
2.464
2.800
3.360

Steel Grade
S460 (55)
Using
E51
Electrodes
Capacity at
195 N/mm2
kN/mm
0.410
0.546
0.683
0.819
1.092
1.365
1.638
1.775
2.048
2.184
2.457
2.730
3.003
3.413
4.095

NB: Using Thicker Welds may require expensive Heat Treatment.

Fasten449000527

File: 250672392.xls Tab: Fillet Welds

2000 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd

Capacities for Fillet Welds

Date: 11/10/2014

Features of Fasten449
An Excel Template for
The Capacities of Ordinary Bolts, Countersunk Bolts, High Strength Friction Bolts and
Fillet Welds to BS 449: Part 2: 1969
by
Dr Shaiq U.R. Khan
BEng (Civil), MEng, PhD, PE, CEng, FIStructE
May 2000
Techno Consultants Ltd, 117 Portland Street, M

Fasten449 is an Excel Spreadsheet Template for finding capacities of Ordinary Bolts, Countersunk Bolts, High
Strength Friction Grip Bolts and Fillet Welds using BS 449: Part 2.
The used Tensile Stress Areas are from: BS 4190 for Ordinary Black Bolts, BS 3692 for Precision Bolts and
BS 4933 for Countersunk Bolts. The used Tensile Stress Areas and Proof Loads for HSFG Bolts are from: BS
4604: Part 1 for General Grade and BS 4604: Part 2 for Higher Grade (parallel shank) bolts.

Fasten449 includes, in built Cell Comments, Features and User Notes. They provide instant information for an
interactive use of its following three worksheets:

Sheet 1: Ordinary & Countersunk Bolts

Gives capacities for Ordinary and Countersunk Bolts. The features are:
Bolt Heads can be: Normal or Countersunk
Bolt Grades can be: 4.6, 6.8, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9 and 14.9
Shear Plane can be: Bolt Threads or Shank
When Shear Plane in the Shank is selected, a warning is displayed to remind that Threads should not be in the
Shear Plane and that the use of many washers may be necessary to achieve it.
End distance from a Bolt centre of to its ply edge can be 2d to 1.25d
The permitted Bearing Capacity of the ply is maximum when 2d and reduced to a lesser value when 1.25d,
where d is the nominal bolt diameter.
Bolt Diameters are: M1.6, M2, M2.5, M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M10, M12, (M14), M16, (M18), M20, (M22),
M24, (M27), M30, (M33), M36, (M39), M42, (M45), (M52), M56, (M60), M64 and (M68), the sizes in
brackets being non-preferred.
Connected Ply Grades can be: S275 (43), S355 (50) and S460 (55).
The capacities calculated are: Tensile, Single Shear, Double Shear and Bearing for various Ply thickneses.

The Combined Tension and Shear Capacity can also be calculated for each bolt diameter. For any typed value
of Applied Tension Ft, the corresponding Shear Capacity Fs of Threads or Shank is displayed in the adjacent
cell.
2000 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd

Fasten449000527

File: 250672392.xls Tab: Features

Fasten5950 Features 4/11

Date: 11/10/2014

Three Colours and Font styles are used to display Bearing Capacities. Values below the single shear capacity
are displayed in Red and Normal font. Values above the single shear and below the double shear capacity are
displayed in Blue and Bold. Values above double shear capacity are shown in Green and Italic.

User can change Ply thicknesses at the head row of bearing values (shown in light green cell background) to
suit any value required for design.

Sheet 2: HSFG Bolts

Gives capacities for High Strength Friction Grip Bolts. The features are:
Bolt Grades can be: General Grade to BS4604: Part 1 and Higher Grade to BS4604: Part 2
Bolt diameters are: M12, M16, M20, M22, M24, M27, M30 and M36 for General Grade and M16, M20,
M22, M24, M27, M30 and M33 for Higher Grade Bolts
Slip Factor can be any value in the range 0 to 0.55, depending upon the contact surface. For example, it can
be a value of 0.5 for grit or shot blasted steel, a value of 0.05 for steel finished with red-lead paint. In the
normal use, however, the surface specified is clean and lightly rusted for which the slip factor is taken as 0.45.

The Applied Tension Condition can be No Fatigue or With Fatigue.

Based on the Proof Load, the capacities calculated are: Tension Capacity and Slip Resistance in Single/Double
Shear.
The Combined Tension and Shear Capacity can also be calculated for each bolt diameter. For any typed value
of Applied Tension Ft, the corresponding Shear Capacity Fs of Threads or Shank is displayed in the adjacent
cell.
To display bearing capacities, 3 colours and font styles are used. The values below the single shear capacity
are shown in Red and Normal font. The values above the single shear and below the double shear capacity are
shown in Blue and Bold. The values above the double shear capacity are shown in Green and Italic.

Ply thicknesses at the head row of bearing values (shown in light green cell background) can be changed to
suit any value required for design.

Sheet 3: Fillet Welds

Gives Fillet Weld Capacities for Steel Grades S275, S355 and S460, using E43 and E51 Electrodes to BS639.

2000 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd

Fasten449000527

File: 250672392.xls Tab: Features

Fasten5950 Features 5/11

Date: 11/10/2014

User Notes for Fasten449

An Excel Template for
The Capacities of Ordinary Bolts, Countersunk Bolts, High Strength Friction Bolts and
Fillet Welds to BS 449: Part 2: 1969
by
Dr Shaiq U.R. Khan
BEng (Civil), MEng, PhD, PE, CEng, FIStructE
May 2000
Techno Consultants Ltd, 117 Portland Street, Manchester M1 6ED, England

Introduction
Fasten449 is a Template for finding the Capacities of Bolts and Welds to BS 449: Part 2. The bolts can be
Ordinary, Countersunk or High Strength Friction Grip Bolts. Welds can be Fillet.

Loading the Template on to your computer

Fasten449 is supplied as an Excel 97 Template, having .XLT as its filename extension.
To load Fasten449 on to your computer, copy this file into Microsoft Office folder for its Templates. Generally
the path to this folder in Excel 97 is:
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates
If you are using Excel 2000, the path to this folder is:
C:\Windows\Application Data\Microsoft\Templates
To load and use the Template in Excel 97 or Excel 2000, choose:
File, New and the select the file Fasten449000527If you receive an Excel Warning about running Macros and are prompted for whether to load them, answer
YES to Load and Enable Macros. Fasten449 incorporates VB Macros and to allow your computer to use them
is vital for its operation.

Using Fasten449
Fasten449 can be used as a desktop reference. A designer can have it running as an Excel file and refer to it
for finding capacities of bolts and welds as and when required.
When use of a desktop computer is not available or intended, Fasten449 can also be used to print tables of bolt
and weld capacities on paper. When used in this way, a total of 81 tables can be produced: 36 for Ordinary
bolts, 36 for Countersunk bolts, 8 for High Strength Friction Grip Bolts and one for Fillet Welds.

Default Bolt Options

When Fasten449 is loaded, it selects a set of default options to ensure a standard start and hence minimize
errors in its use.
The initial default options for ordinary bolts are: Normal Bolts, Shear Plane in Threads, Bolt Grade 8.8 and
Connected Ply Grade: S275(43).
The initial default options for High Strength Friction Grip Bolts are: Slip Factor of 0.45, General Grade Bolts,
No Fatigue Tension Condition and Load Factor of 1.4 for Loads without Wind.
2000 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd

Fasten449000527

File: 250672392.xls Tab: Notes

User Notes for Fasten5950 6/11

Date: 11/10/2014

Method of Analysis
The method of analysis is based on BS 449: Part 2 and is described below.
Ordinary Bolts: Grades 4.6, 6.8, 8.8, 10.9, 12.9 and 14.9
The shear capacity Ps is calculated as:
Ps = ps As
where
ps is the shear strength from Clause 50b and Table 20 of the BS449, and
As is the Shank or Tensile Stress Area of the bolts as specified in respective British Standards.
The bearing capacity is taken as lesser of the bolt bearing capacity Pbb and the connected ply bearing capacity
Pbs. The bolt bearing capacity Pbb is calculated as:
Pbb = d t pbb
where
d is the nominal bolt diameter,
t is the thickness of the connected ply, or if the bolts are countersunk, the thickness of the ply minus half the
depth of countersinking, which is equal to half the nominal diameter of bolts, and
pbb is bearing strength of the bolt obtained from Clause 50b and Table 20 of BS449.
Depending upon the end distance e of the bolt hole to the ply edge described in the range 2d to 1.25d, the
bearing capacity of the connected ply Pbs is calculated as:
Pbs = d t pbs <= e t pbs /2
where
pbs is the bearing strength of the connected parts obtained from Table 20A of BS 449.
The tension capacity Pt of the bolt is calculated both for the Shank Length and the Threaded Length. The
Shank Length capacity is based on nominal diameter of the bolt and its use is relevant in combined Tension
and Bending only, when shear plane lies in the shank length. The Threaded length capacity is based on tensile
stress area of threads and is the critical strength in direct tension and combined Tension and Bending when
shear plane lies in the threaded length. The equation is::
Pt = pt At
where
pt is the tension strength obtained from Clause 50b and Table 20 of the code of BS 449, and
At is the shank or tensile stress area as specified in respective British Standards.
Combined Tension and Shear
For any bolt diameter, the Combined Tension and Shear Capacity is calculated by typing a value in the cell for
Applied Tension in its row. When subjected to both Tension and Shear, the combination shear capacity Fs is
given by:
Fs = (1.4 - Ft/Pt) Ps <= Ps
where Ft is the applied external tension and Pt , Ps are as defined in the above. When the shear plane lies in the
shank length, Pt is Tension Capacity of the shank length. When the shear plane lies in the threaded length, Pt
is Tension Capacity based on tensile stress area of the bolt.
2000 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd

Fasten449000527

File: 250672392.xls Tab: Notes

User Notes for Fasten5950 7/11

Date: 11/10/2014

High Strength Friction Grip Bolts

The Shear Value of one bolt per interface Ps for Parallel Shank HSFG Bolts to BS4604: Part 1: General Grade
is calculated as:
Ps = Slip Factor U * Proof Load Po /Load Factor
The Shear Value of one bolt per interface Ps for Parallel Shank HSFG Bolts to BS4604: Part 2: Higher Grade is
calculated as:
Ps = 0.85* Slip Factor U * Proof Load Po /Load Factor
where
Po is the minimum shank tension as specified in BS 4604: Part 1 for General Grade and Part 2 for Higher
Grade, and
Slip Factor U is the in the range 0 to 0.55. Its value is meant to be determined from tests. It can be 0.5 for grit
or shot blasted steel or 0.05 for steel finished with red-lead paint. Galvanizing, painting and surface grinding
all reduce the slip factor and make a less efficient joint. In normal use, the specification is for a clean and
lightly rusted surface and the slip factor value is taken as 0.45.

When subjected to external tension only in the direction of the bolt axes, the Tension capacity Pt of Bolts to
BS4604: Part 1 General Grade is calculated as
Pt = 0.6 Po for bolts in general use, and
Pt = 0.5 Po for bolts under fatigue conditions.
where
Po is the minimum shank tension as specified in BS4604
Bolts to BS 4604: Part 2 Higher Grade should not be subjected to externally applied Tension. Their tension
capacity is therefore always reported as Nil.
Combined Tension and Shear
For any bolt diameter, the Combined Tension and Shear Capacity is calculated by typing a value in the cell for
Applied Tension in its row.
When subjected to both Tension and Shear, the combination shear capacity Fs is given by:
Fs = Slip Factor U * (Proof Load Po - 1.7 * Applied Tension Ft)/Load Factor <= Ps
where Ft is the applied external tension and Pt, Fs are as defined in the above.
2000 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd

Fasten449000527

File: 250672392.xls Tab: Notes

User Notes for Fasten5950 8/11

Date: 11/10/2014

Fillet Welds
The strength of fillet welds is based on their throat thickness. By assuming that connected angle of the welded
plates is 90 degrees, the throat thickness is taken as 0.7 times the weld size or leg length.
The weld capacity is taken as:
Pw = 0.7 pw leg length /1000 kN/mm
where
pw is the allowable stress in N/mm2 from Table 53a (ii) of the code for Electrodes E43 and E51 to BS 639

To suit design needs, the values of Fillet weld thickness in the left column can be changed to any desired
values.

2000 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd

Fasten449000527

File: 250672392.xls Tab: Notes

User Notes for Fasten5950 9/11

Date: 11/10/2014

Terms & Conditions of Fasten0449 Use

Disclaimer
No Liability is accepted by Techno Consultants or its software authors for any direct, indirect, consequential or
incidental loss or damage arising out of the software use or any mistakes and negligence in developing this
software. The organisation or person using the software bears all risks and responsibility for the quality and
performance of the software.
Your Usage
The software is intended to help you save time and effort in calculations. Please check and validate all results
carefully. You are responsible and liable for all consequences of its use.
Software Distribution Policy
This product is being distributed as a part of our policy to pool, share and grow technical expertise with fellow
engineers. In the past we did so by using personal and direct business contacts. Availability of the Internet,
now makes it possible to pool and share expertise with engineers all over the world.
You can freely use this product for your personal or business design use. This product is however our
copyright. You may also reproduce and distribute it provided that each copy shall be a true and complete copy,
including all copyright and trademark notices and such distribution shall not be for commercial purposes.
Funding and Formal Registration
We welcome funds to help our Research and Development work. You are welcome to make contributions at
your discretion. As a guide and route to making a minimum payment, you can register your software use.
Doing so shall enable you to become a formal member of our user team. Your details will be used for
pooling, sharing and informing of future developments via email.
The fee for formal registration is 15.00 for individuals and 45.00 for companies. Add 17.5 percent VAT for
registrations based in the UK and EC member states. Please send cheques payable to:
Techno Consultants Ltd
117 Portland Street
Manchester M1 6ED, England.
With your payment please ensure to send us your full details i.e. Name, Company, Postal Address, Telephone,
Fax & Email Address. Acknowledgement will be sent via Email.
Technical Support and Contacting Us
We provide no technical support. However, we do welcome and value all comments and suggestions via
email. As and when possible, your comments will be used to improve our software in the future. Your
feedback is very important to us. You can download software and obtain the latest information from our web
site. The web and email address is:
http:\\www.technouk.com
Email: shaiq@technouk.com
As a back up, you can also use the following web and email addresses:
http:\\www.structures.freeserve.co.uk
http:\\www.steelwork.freeserve.co.uk
Email:shaiq@structures.freeserve.co.uk
Fasten449000527

File: 250672392.xls Tab: Terms

2000 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd

Terms & Conditions of Use - Fasten 5950

Date: 11/10/2014

Revision History of Fasten449

V000518
First version ssued on 18 May 2000
V000527
Operational Update. No New Features
Fasten449000527

File: 250672392.xls Tab: Rev

2000 Dr Shaiq Khan, Techno Consultants Ltd

Terms & Conditions of Use - Fasten 5950

Date: 11/10/2014