Questions 1-4
Since the original sections of New Orleans had been built upon a natural levee, which had
been further heightened as the years passed, the natural drainage of all streets was away from
the river in the direction of the swamp leading ultimately to Lake Pontchartrain. Whatever
may have been the disadvantages of this drainage system, it was possible to flush the gutters
by means of hydrants located at the heads of those streets running diagonally from the river.
In its aim to keep the streets as clean as possible, the Board of Health ordered that public
hydrants on the main streets be opened for one hour each morning and evening. The sixtyinch annual rainfall in New Orleans originally had been sufficient to clean out the gutters, but
as the population grew and the dirt and refuse accumulated, the rainwater soon proved in
adequate. Whatever impact flushing the gutters may have had on health-and this is a
debatable point-the aesthetic results must have justified the practice.
1. The city of New Orleans seems...
a. to have been located in a valley
b. to have been located between a river and a lake
c. to have had no natural levee to help in its drainage
d. to have been built on hind so high that it needed no further heightening
c. About 1856
d. During the decade from 1866-1876
lichens,
however,
it
appears
the
fungus
actually
parasitizes
the
algae.
This is one of the conclusions drawn from experiments in which the two components of
lichens were separated and grown apart.
In nature, lichen fungi may encounter and grow around saveral kinds of algae. Some
types of algae the fungi may kill; other types it may reject. Lichen algae are autotrophic,
meaning they make their own food through photosynthesis. Lichen fungi are heterotrophic,
meaning they depend upon the algae within the lichen to supply their food. Up to ninety
percent of than food made by the green alga cell is transferred to the fungus. What, if
anything, the fungus contributes to the association is not well understood.
Lichens are hardly. The grow in many habitats and are often pioneers in hostile
environments where few other organisms can flourish.
They have been known to grow endolithically, having been discovered thriving inside
of rocks in Antartica. Lichen help reduce erosion by stabilizing soil. Saveral kinds of insects
glue lichens to their exoskeletons for camouflage.
Many species of birds use lichens as building materials for nests. Human have used
lichens for dyes and antibiotics.
10. Which of the following best describes lichens association?
a. Simple plants made of two different autotrophic organims.
b. A mutual association between a fungus and an alga
c. A parasitic association between two fungi, one autotrophic, the second autotrophic
d. A union between a parasitic fungus and an autotrophic alga
12. In Biology, mutualism occurs when two different organism live close together and...
a. One organism parasitizes the other
b. Both organism benefit from the association
c. Both organism are harmed by the association
d. One organism benefits while the other does not or is harmed by the association
a. Insects
b. Birds
c. Reptiles
d. Mammals
15. The true nature of the relationship between the lichen components was clarified by...
a. Examining lichens with a microscope
b. Observing lichens palced in the dark
c. Observing the lichen component when grown apart
d. Decreasing the amount of nutrients available to the lichens
16. In line 27, the word "hostile" is clossest the meaning to...
a. Unusual
b. Cool
c. Untraveled
d. Inhospitable
When buying a house, you must be sure to have it checked for termites. A termite is much
like an ant in its communal habits, although physically the two insects are distinct. Like
those ants, termite colonies consist of different classes, each with its own particular job. The
most perfectly formed termites, both male and female, make up the productive class. They
have eyes, hard body walls and fully developed wings. A pair of reproductive termites found
the colony. When new reproductive termites develop, they leave to form another colony.
They use their wings only this on time and then break them off.
The worker termites are small, blind and wingless, with soft bodies. They make up the
majority of the colony and do all the work. Soldiers are eyeless and wingless but are larger
than
the
workers
and
have
hard
heads
and
strong
jaws
and
legs.
They
government for financial assistance on the project, emphasizing what a boon to the economy
of the country the canal would be; his efforts with the federal goverment, however, were not
successful.
In 1816, Clinton asked the New York State Legislature for the funding for the canal,
and this time he did succeed. A canal commission was instituted, and Clinton himself was
made head of it. One year later, Clinton was elected governor of the state, and soon after
construction of the canal was started.
The canal took eight years to complete, and Clinton was on the first barge to travel the
length of the canal, the Seneca Chief, which departed from Buffalo on October 26, 1825, and
arrived in New York City on November 4. Because of the success of the Erie Canal,
numerous other Canals were built in other parts of the country.
25. The information in the passage...
a. Gives a cause followed by an effect
b. Is in chronological order
c. Lists opposing viewpoints of a problem
d. Is organized spatially
26. When did Clinton ask the U.S. government for funds for the canal?
a. One hundred years before the canal was built
b. In 1812
c. In 1816
d. In 1825
27. The word boon in line 7 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
a. Detriment
b. Disadvantages
c. Benefit
d. Cost
c. The commission
d. The state governor
29. In what year did the actual building of the canal get underway?
a. In 1812
b. In 1816
c. In 1817
d. In 1825
31. Where in the passage does the author mention a committee that worked to develop the
canal?
a. The first paragraph
b. The second paragraph
c. The third paragraph
d. The fourth paragraph
about a foot wide for every inch of diameter of the tree trunk. Dig deep enough to avoid
cutting off too many taproots.
It is wise to call a professional tree expert to transplant a tree more than a few inches
in trunk diameter.
33. Transplanting a tree is...
a. Very different from planting
b. So difficult that an expert should always be called in
c. Much like planting a tree
d. Done successfully in the right person
37. To decide whether you can successfully transplant a tree yourself, you should...
a. Select your location carefully
b. Measure the ball of earth around the roots
c. Measure the diameter of the tree trunk
Answer Key
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. C
6. C
7. A
8. A
9. D
10. B
11. B
12. B
13. D
14. A
15. C
16. A
17. C
18. A
19. A
20. D
21. B
22. B
23. D
24. E
25. B
26. B
27. C
28. C
29. C
30. B
31. C
32. B
33. C
34. C
35. B
36. D
37. C
38. B
39. B
40. D