ANTHROPOLOGY 1 QUIZ 2 acceptable answers

1. Babies who weigh below 2 kg and above 5 kg at birth have very high mortality rates.
What kind of selection does this produce?
Stabilizing selection
2. Name or describe a trait found in some bird species and in some mammal species that is
an analogous trait; name one that is a homologous trait.
Analogous: flight in birds and bats, pair bonding in nesting birds and in gibbons
Homologous: eye structure, number of peripheral limb bones
3. What was a major difference between Darwins theory and the Neo-Darwinism of the
early 20th century?
Darwinism:
No theory of genetic inheritance
Lamarckian inheritance OK
NeoDarwinism:
Mendelian genetics rediscovered and integrated
No inheritance of acquired traits
4. What feature or features is most important for determining whether two groups of
animals are from the same species or from different species?
Unable to breed and produce a breedable offspring
5. The difference between dominant and recessive traits is
a. recessive traits are deleterious and dominant traits are not.
b. genes for dominant traits are passed on preferentially.
c. dominant genes produce proteins, recessive genes do not.
d. dominant traits are more likely to be expressed in males.
e. effects of recessive traits can be hidden by effects of dominant traits.
6. A mule is a hybrid of parents from two different species, horses and donkeys. These
species have different numbers of chromosomes: horses have 32 pairs and donkeys have
31 pairs. How many chromosomes does a mule have?
63; 31 paired chromosomes and one unpaired chromosome.
7. Red-green color blindness in humans is sex linked and recessive. If a male with normal
vision marries a woman who is (red-green) color blind

a. the probability that each daughter will be color blind is 50%

b. the probability that each son will be color blind is 50%
c. the probability that each daughter will be color blind is 0%
d. the probability that each son will be color blind is 0%
e. the probability that each daughter will be color blind is 100%
8. Sickle cell trait is a deadly genetic disease that results from a mutation altering the
hemoglobin molecule and causing blood cells to rupture. Despite this deadly effect it has
been favored by natural selection in parts of Africa and South Asia. How could this
deadly gene be favored by natural selection?
It is favored if the reproductive cost associated with the probability of producing a
homozygous recessive individual with the disease is lower than the reproductive benefit
gained by being a non-symptomatic heterozygous individual who as a result is resistant to
Malaria in an environment where Malaria is epidemic.
Specifically, in what context did it evolve (i.e. what made selectively favored) and under
what circumstances would it be slowly eliminated by natural selection?
It is a positive adaptation in an environment where Malaria is epidemic (see above) but
deleterious (i.e. makes one at risk of reduced reproductive success) in environments where
Malaria is not a significant risk.