Consistent Deformation

Method of Consistent
Deformation
Structural Analysis
By
R. C. Hibbeler
Theory of Structures-II
M Shahid Mehmood
Department of Civil Engineering
Swedish College of Engineering and Technology, Wah Cantt
FRAMES
Method of consistent deformation is very useful for
solving problems involving statically indeterminate
frames for single story and unusual geometry.
Problems involving multistory frames, or with high
indeterminacy are best solved using the slope deflection
or moment distribution or the stiffness methods.
University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila
Example 6
Determine the support reactions on the frame shown. EI
is constant.
8 kN/m
A
5m
Actual Frame
4m
B
3
Solution
Principle of Superposition
8 kN/m
A
5m
Actual Frame
4m
By inspection the frame is indeterminate to the first

degree.
4
Solution
We will choose the horizontal reaction at support B as
the redundant.
The pin at B is replaced by the roller, since a roller will
not constraint B in the horizontal direction.
8 kN/m
A
Primary Structure
B
B
8 kN/m
Solution
Primary Structure
8 kN/m
A
B
B
5m
Actual Frame
4m
B
redundant Bx
applied
Bx
B
Bx fBB6
8 kN/m
Solution
Compatibility Equation
0 B Bx f BB
Primary Structure
8 kN/m
B
B
5m
Actual Frame
4m
B
redundant Bx
applied
Bx
B
Bx fBB7
Solution
0 B Bx f BB
The terms B and fBB will be computed using the method
of virtual work.
The frame s x coordinates and internal moments are
shown in figure.
It is important that in each case the selected coordinate
x1 or x2 be the same for both the real and virtual loadings.
Also the positive directions for M and m must be same.
8
Solution
For B we require application of real loads and a virtual
unit load at B
8 kN/m
A
1 kN
x1
M 1 20 x1 4 x12
x1
20 kN
m1 0.8 x1
0.8 kN
M2 0
m2 1x2
x2
B
x2
B
1 kN
20 kN
0.8 kN
9
Solution
2
5 20 x 4 x 0.8 x dx
4 01x dx
Mm
1
1
1
1
2
2
B
dx
dx
0 EI
0
0
EI
EI
166.7
166.7
0
EI
EI
L
8 kN/m
A
1 kN
x1
M 1 20 x1 4 2x1
x1
20 kN
m1 0.8 x1
0.8 kN
M2 0
m2 1x2
x2
B
x2
B
1 kN
20 kN
10
0.8 kN
Solution
For fBB we require application of real unit load acting at B
and a virtual unit load acting at B
A
1 kN
x1
m1 0.8 x1
0.8 kN
m2 1x2
x2
B
1 kN
0.8 kN
11
Solution
mm
0.8 x1 dx1
01x2 dx2
f BB
dx
dx
0 EI
0
0
EI
EI
26.7 21.3 48.0
EI
EI
EI
L
A
1 kN
x1
m1 0.8 x1
0.8 kN
m2 1x2
x2
B
1 kN
0.8 kN
12
Solution
0 B Bx f BB
(1)
Substituting the data in Eq. (1)
166.7
48.0
0
Bx
EI
EI
Bx 3.47 kN
ANS
13
Solution
Equilibrium Condition
Showing Bx on the free body diagram of the frame in the
correct direction, and applying the equations of
equilibrium, we have
40 kN
A
Ax
Ay
2.5 m
2.5 m
4m
B
3.47 kN
By
14
Solution
Equilibrium Condition
40 kN
A
Ax
Ay
2.5 m
2.5 m
4m
B
3.47 kN
Fx 0;
Ax 3.47 0
Ax 3.47 kN
By
M A 0; 402.5 B y 5-3.474 0 By 22.8 kN
Fy 0;
Ay 40 22.8 0
Ay 17.2 kN
15
Example 7
Determine the moment at fixed support A for the frame
shown. EI is constant.
4 ft
5f
10
0l
b/
ft
8 ft
A
3 ft
Actual Frame
16
Solution
4 ft
5f
10
0l
b/
ft
C
Actual Frame
8 ft
A
3 ft
By inspection the frame is indeterminate to the first

degree.
17
Solution
B
The capacity of the frame to

support a moment at A is
removed and therefore a pin is
used at A for support.
10
0l
b/
ft
MA can be directly obtained by

choosing as the redundant.
C
Actual Frame
18
Solution
Reference to point A

ft
10
0l
b/
10
0l
b/
C
A
A
actual frame
(1)
ft
0 A M A AA
A
primary structure
MAAA
A
MA
Redundant MA applied
19
Solution
0 A M A AA
(1)
The terms A and AA will be computed using the method

of virtual work.
The frame s x coordinates and internal moments are
shown in figure.
20
Solution
Reference to point A
0.05 lb
222.5 lb
500 lb
370.8 lb
3 5
4
x2
x2
296.7 lb
0.0833 lb
0.0667 lb
m2 0.0667 x2
M 2 296.7 x2 50 x22
m1 1 0.0833 x1
M 1 29.17 x1
x1
x1
29.17 lb
0.0833 lb
1 lb.ft
300 lb
21
Solution
For A we require application of real loads and a virtual
unit couple moment at A
0.05 lb
222.5 lb
500 lb
370.8 lb
3 5
4
x2
x2
296.7 lb
0.0833 lb
0.0667 lb
m2 0.0667 x2
M 2 296.7 x2 50 x22
m1 1 0.0833 x1
M 1 29.17 x1
x1
x1
29.17 lb
0.0833 lb
1 lb.ft
300 lb
22
2
8 29.17 x 1 0.0833 x dx
5 296.7 x 50 x 0.0067 x dx
Mm
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
A
dx
0
0
0
EI
EI
EI
518.5 303.2 821.8
EI
EI
EI
L
0.05 lb
222.5 lb
500 lb
370.8 lb
3 5
4
x2
x2
296.7 lb
0.0833 lb
0.0667 lb
m2 0.0667 x2
M 2 296.7 x2 50 x22
m1 1 0.0833 x1
M 1 29.17 x1
x1
x1
29.17 lb
0.0833 lb
1 lb.ft
300 lb
23
Solution
For AA we require application of real unit couple
moment and a virtual unit couple moment at A
0.05 lb
x2
0.0833 lb
0.0667 lb
m2 0.0667 x2
m1 1 0.0833 x1
x1
0.0833 lb
1 lb.ft
0
24

8 1 0.0833 x dx
5 0.0067 x dx
m m
1
1
2
2
AA
dx
0
0
0
EI
EI
EI
3.85 0.185 4.04
EI
EI
EI
2
0.05 lb
x2
0.0833 lb
0.0667 lb
m2 0.0667 x2
m1 1 0.0833 x1
x1
0.0833 lb
1 lb.ft
0
25
821.8
4.04
M A
EI
EI
M A 204 lb. ft
10
0l
b/
ft
Solution
Substituting these results into
Eq. (1), and solving yields
ANS
The negative sign indicates MA

acts in opposite direction to that
shown in figure.
MA =204 lb.ft
26
Example 8
Determine the reactions and draw the shear and bending
moment diagrams. EI is constant.
2 k/ft
10 k
15 ft
D
Actual Frame
30 ft
27
Solution
B
2 k/ft
10 k
15 ft
A
Actual Frame
30 ft
Degree of indeterminacy = 2
28
Solution
We will choose the horizontal reaction Dx and vertical
reaction Dy at point D as the redundants.
Actual Frame
B
2 k/ft
10 k
Dx
D
Dy
29
Solution
Primary structure is obtained by removing the hinged
support at point D.
2 k/ft
10 k
D
Primary Structure
30
Solution
Primary structure is subjected separately to the external
loading and redundants Dx and Dy as shown.
B
2 k/ft
10 k
D
Dy
Primary Structure
Dx
31
Solution
B
Dx
DyDx=DxfDyDx
DxDx=DxfDxDx
Redundant Dx applied
32
Solution
C
B
DyDy=DyfDyDy
Dy
DxDy=DyfDxDy
Redundant Dy applied
33
Solution
'
'
0 Dx DxDx
DxDy
Dx Dx f DxDx D y f DxDy
(1)
'
'
0 Dy DyDx
DyDy
Dy Dx f DyDx D y f DyDy
(2)
The equations for bending moments for the members of

the frame due to external loading and unit values of the
redundants are tabulated in the table.
By applying the virtual work method, we will find Dx, Dy,
fDxDx, fDyDx, fDxDy, fDyDy,
34
Solution
B
M2
2 k/ft
10 k
x2
M1
M3
x1
10 k
A
x3
1050 k-ft
60 k
Member
Origin
Limits
M (k-ft)
AB
0-15
-1050+10x1
CB
0-30
-x22
DC
0-15
35
Solution
mDx2
C
x2
mDx1
mDx3
x1
1k
x3
Member
1k
D
Origin
Limits
M (k-ft)
mDx (k-ft/k)
AB
0-15
-1050+10x1
-x1
CB
0-30
-x22
-15
DC
0-15
-x3
36
Solution
mDy2
C
x2
mDy1
30 k-ft
A
mDy3
x1
x3
D
1k
Member
1k
Origin
Limits
M (k-ft)
mDx (k-ft/k)
mDy (k-ft/k)
AB
0-15
-1050+10x1
-x1
30
CB
0-30
-x22
-15
x2
DC
0-15
-x3
37
Solution
Dx
Dx
241875
106875 135000 0
k ft 3
EI
Dy
Dy
2
15 1050 10 x x
30 x 15
MmDx
1
1
2
dx
dx1
dx 2
0
0
EI
EI
EI
15 0 x
3
dx3
0
EI
MmDy
EI
15
dx
1050 10 x1 30 dx
EI
641250
438750 202500 0
k ft 3
EI
30
x x dx
2
2
EI
38
Solution
f DxDx
f DxDx
9000 3
ft
EI
f DyDy
f DyDy
15 x
30 15
15 x
mDx mDx
3
1
dx
dx1
dx 2
dx3
0
0
0
EI
EI
EI
EI
mDy mDy
EI
15
dx
30 2 dx
EI
30
x2 2 dx
EI
22500 3
ft
EI
39
Solution
f DxDy f DyDx
f DxDy f DyDx
mDx mDy
EI
15
dx
x1 30 dx
EI
30
15x2 dx
EI
10125 3
ft
EI
40
Solution
Dx
241875
k ft 3
EI
Dy
641250
k ft 3
EI
f DxDx
9000 3
ft
EI
f DyDy
22500 3
ft
EI
f DxDy f DyDx
10125 3
ft
EI
41
Solution
Now put these values in the Equations (1) and (2)
0 241875 9000 Dx 10125 D y
(1)
0 641250 10125 Dx 22500 D y
(2)
By solving (1) and (2) simultaneously we get
Dx 10.503 k
D y 33.226 k
42
Solution
Applying equations of equilibrium, we have the other
support reactions as
2 k/ft
10 k
0.503 k
A
53.22 k-ft
26.774 k
10.503 k
D
33.226 k
43
Solution
Shear diagram
26.774
C
10.503
-0.503
-33.226
44
Solution
Moment diagram
118.447
C
60.765
157.545
60.765
157.545
53.22
45
TRUSSES
The degree of indeterminacy of a truss can be find using
Equation b+r > 2j.
where
b = unknown bar forces, r = support reactions,
2j = equations of equilibrium
This method is quite suitable for analyzing trusses that
are statically indeterminate to the first or second degree.
46
Example 9
Determine the force in member AC of the truss shown.
AE is same for all members.
400 lb
D
6 ft
B
8 ft
Actual Truss
47
Solution
The truss is statically indeterminate to the first degree.
b + r = 2j
6 + 3 = 2(4)
9>8
9 8 = 1st degree
400 lb
D
6 ft
B
8 ft
Actual Truss
48
Solution
The force in member AC is to be determined, so member
AC is chosen as redundant.
This requires cutting this member, so that it cannot
sustain a force, making the truss S.D. and stable.
400 lb
D
6 ft
Actual Truss
B
8 ft
49
Solution
400 lb
D
Actual Truss
=
400 lb
D
FAC
AC
FAC
FACfACAC
Primary Structure
Redundant FAC applied
50
Solution
With reference to member AC, we require the relative
displacement AC, which occurs at the ends of cut
member AC due to the 400-lb load, plus the relative
displacement FACfACAC caused by the redundant force
acting alone, be equal to zero, that is
0 AC FAC f ACAC
400 lb
FAC
AC
FAC
FACfACAC
Primary Structure
51
Solution
Here the flexibility coefficient fACAC represents the
relative displacement of the cut ends of member AC
caused by a real unit load acting at the cut ends of
member AC.
0 AC FAC f ACAC
400 lb
D
FAC
AC
FAC
FACfACAC
Primary Structure
52
Solution
This term, fACAC, and AC will be computed using the
method of virtual work.
0 AC FAC f ACAC
400 lb
D
FAC
AC
FAC
FACfACAC
Primary Structure
53
Solution
For AC we require application of the real load of 400 lb,
and a virtual unit force acting at the cut ends of member
AC.
+400
D
-50
0
C
1 lb
+300
-0.8
400 lb
1 lb
-0.6
-0.6
+1
+1
400 lb
A
+400
300 lb
B
300 lb
-0.8
54
Solution
nNL
AE
0.8400 8 0.6 0 6 0.6 300 6 1 500 10 10 10
2
AE
AE
AE
AE
AE
11200
AE
AC
+400
D
-50
0
C
1 lb
+300
-0.8
400 lb
1 lb
-0.6
-0.6
+1
+1
400 lb
A
+400
300 lb
B
300 lb
-0.8
55
Solution
For fACAC we require application of the real unit forces
acting on the cut ends of member AC, and virtual unit
forces acting on the cut ends of member AC
-0.8
-0.8
D
1 lb
-0.6
1 lb
+1
-0.8
1 lb
-0.6
+1
-0.6
-0.6
+1
x
B
1 lb
+1
-0.8
56
Solution
n2 L
f ACAC
AE
0.82 8 0.6 2 6 1210
2
2
2
AE
AE
AE
34.56
AE
-0.8
-0.8
D
1 lb
-0.6
1 lb
+1
-0.8
1 lb
-0.6
+1
-0.6
-0.6
+1
x
B
1 lb
+1
-0.8
57
Solution
Substituting the data into Eq. (1) and solving yields
11200 34.56
0
FAC
AE
AE
FAC 324 lb (T)
ANS
Since the numerical result is positive, AC is subjected to

tension as assumed.
Using this result, the forces in other members can be
found by equilibrium, using the method of joint.
58
Example 10
Determine the force in member AC of the truss shown.
6 ft
B
8 ft
Actual Truss
59
Example 11
Determine the reactions and the force in each member
of the truss shown in Fig. shown. E = 29,000 ksi
(6 in.2)
E
2)
28 k
2)
n.
4i
(6
(4 in.2)
(4 in.2)
n.
6i
in. 2
)
15 ft
A
(6 in.2)
25 k
(6 in.2)
25 k
(6 in.2)
3 panels at 20 ft = 60 ft
Actual Truss
60
Solution
The truss is statically indeterminate to the first degree.
b + r = 2j
9 + 4 = 2(6)
13 > 12
13 12 = 1st degree
(6 in.2)
E
2)
28 k
2)
n.
4i
(6
(4 in.2)
(4 in.2)
n.
6i
in. 2
)
15 ft
D
A
(6 in.2)
(6 in.2)
25 k
25 k
(6 in.2)
3 panels at 20 ft = 60 ft
Actual Truss
61
Solution
Ax
28 k
A
B
Ay
Actual Truss
25 k
Dx
C
25 k
Dy
Dx at hinged support D is selected as Redundant.

Primary structure is obtained by removing the effect of
Dx and replacing hinge by roller support there.
Primary structure is subjected separately to external
loading and redundant Force Dx.
62
Solution
28 k
Primary
Structure
D
Ax
A
B
Ay
25 k
E
30
18
25 k
24
11
Dy
28 k
.67
53
25
.33
28 k A
52
18 k
B
25 k
42.67
25 k
42.67
D
32 k
63
Solution
D is horizontal deflection at point D of primary
structure due to external loading.
30
18
24
11
28 k
.67
53
25
Primary
Structure
.33
28 k A
52
18 k
B
25 k
42.67
25 k
42.67
D
32 k
64
Solution
F
Redundant
Dx is applied
Dx
A
B
D
DD=DxfDD
1k
0
0
fDD
1k
1
D
65
Solution
F
Redundant
Dx is applied
Dx
A
B
D
DD=DxfDD
DD is horizontal deflection at point D due to redundant

force Dx.
66
Solution
fDD is horizontal deflection at point D due to unit force.
1k
0
0
fDD
1k
1
D
67
Solution
0 D Dx f DD
28 k
Dx
Ax
Ay
25 k
25 k
Dy
=
28 k
Primary
Structure
D
Ax
Ay
25 k
25 k
Dy
Redundant
Dx is applied
Dx
DD=DxfDD
68
Solution
We will use virtual work method to find D and fDD.
Deflection of truss is calculated by
where
n=
N=
nNL
D
AE
axial force in truss members due to virtual unit load

acting at joint and in the direction of D
axial force in truss members due to real load acting
that causes D
69
Solution
We will use virtual work method to find D and fDD.
Deflection of truss is calculated by
2
f DD
where
n=
n=
n L
AE
axial force in truss members due to real unit load

axial force in truss members due to virtual unit load
70
Solution
TABLE
Member
L (in.)
A (in.2)
N (k)
n (k)
nNL/A
(k/in.)
n2L/A
F=N+nDx
AB
240
52
2,080
40
6.22
BC
240
42.67
1,706.8
40
-3.11
CD
240
42.67
1,706.8
40
-3.11
EF
240
-24
-24
BF
180
18
18
CF
180
25
25
AE
300
-30
-30
BF
300
11.67
11.67
DF
300
-53.33
-53.33
5,493.6
120
nNL 5,493.6 k/in.
AE
E
2
n L 120 (1/in.)
AE
E
D
f DD
71
Solution
nNL
D
AE
52 1 20 12 42.67 1 20 12 42.67 1 20 12
D
6E
6E
6E
2080 1706.8 1706.8
D
6E
6E
6E
5493.6 k/in
D
E
72
Solution
f DD
n2 L
AE
f DD
1 1 20 12 1 1 20 12 1 1 20 12
6E
6E
6E
f DD
120 (1/in)
Now put these results into Equation (1)
5493.6
120
Dx
0
E
E
Dx 45.78 k
73
Solution
F N nDx
FAB 52 1 45.78 6.22 (T)
FBC 42.67 1 45.78 3.11 (C)
FCD 3.11 (C)

Equation of Equilibrium
28 k
F 0
Ax 28 45.78 0
Ax 17.78 k
Ay 18 k
D y 32 k
Dx=45.78
Ax=17.78
Ay=18
25 k
25 k
Dy=32
74
28 k
Primary
Structure
Ax =17.78
Dx = 45.78
A
25 k
25 k
Dy = 32
Ay =18
E
30
18
24
11
28 k
.67
53
25
.33
Dx = 45.78
Ax =17.78
A
Ay =18
6.22
B
25 k
3.11
25 k
3.11
D
Dy = 32
75
Example 12
Determine the reactions and the force in each member
of the truss shown in Fig. shown. EA = constant. E = 200
GPa., A = 4000 mm2
F
70 kN
10m
A
B
80 kN
80 kN
4 panels at 10m= 40m
Actual Truss
76
Solution
Degree of Indeterminacy = 2
b+r>2j
14 + 4 > 2 8
18 > 16
F
G
Ax
70 kN
E
B
Ay
80 kN
D
80 kN
Actual Truss
Dy
Ey
77
Solution
Dy at support D and force FBG in member BG are selected
as redundants.
Ax
70 kN
E
B
Ay
80 kN
D
80 kN
Actual Truss
Dy
Ey
78
Solution
The roller support at D is removed and member BG is
cut to make the structure determinate.
Ax
70 kN
E
B
Ay
80 kN
D
80 kN
Determinate Truss
Ey
79
Solution
This determinate truss is subjected separately to actual
loading, redundant Dy and redundant force in the
redundant member BG.
F
70 kN
BG
A
E
B
80 kN
80 kN
Primary structure subjected to actual loading
80
Solution
F
BG,D=DyfBG,D
G
E
B
DD=DyfDD D
Dy
81
Solution
F
BG,BG=FBGfBG,BG
G
FBG
FBG
E
B
D,BG=FBGfD,BG D
Redundant FBG applied
82
70 kN
Actual Truss
Ax
E
B
Ay
C
80 kN
80 kN
Dy
Ey
70 kN
BG
A
E
B
80 kN
Primary structure
80 kN
+
F
BG,D=DyfBG,D
G
H
E
B
BG,BG=FBGfBG,BG
G
FBG
DD=DyfDD D
Dy
H
FBG
E
B
D,BG=FBGfD,BGD
83
Solution
F
BG,D=DyfBG,D
G
H
E
B
DD=DyfDD D
Dy
H
Unit load in the direction
of Dy applied
fBG,D
E
B
fDD
1
84
Solution
F
BG,BG=FBGfBG,BG
G
FBG
FBG
E
B
D,BG=FBGfD,BG D
fBG,BG
F
G
1
Unit force in member

BG applied
E
B
fD,BG
D
85

F
Compatibility
Equation
70 kN
Actual Truss
Ax
E
B
Ay
80 kN
80 kN
Dy
Ey
70 kN
BG
A
E
B
0 D D y f DD FBG f D , BG
80 kN
Primary structure
80 kN
0 BG D y f BG, D FBG f BG, BG
BG,D=DyfBG,D
G
H
E
A
B
BG,BG=FBGfBG,BG
G
FBG
DD=DyfDD D
Dy
H
FBG
E
B
D,BG=FBGfD,BGD
86
D = vertical deflection at joint D of primary truss due to external loading
BG = relative displacement b/w cutting ends of member BG due to external loading
fDD = vertical deflection at joint D due to a unit load at joint D
fBG,D = relative displacement b/w cutting ends of member BG due to unit load at D
fBG,BG = relative displacement b/w cutting ends of member BG due to unit force
fD,BG = vertical deflection at joint D due to a unit force in member BG
87
We will use the method of virtual work to find the
deflections
NnD L
D
AE
BG
NnBG L
AE
f DD
nD nD L
AE
f BG
nBG nBG L
AE
f D, BG
nD nBG L
AE
f BG, D
nBG nD L
AE
88
NnD L
nD nD L
D
f DD
AE
AE
nBG nBG L
NnBG L
f BG
BG
AE
AE
f D, BG
f BG, D
nD nBG L
AE
nBG nD L
AE
N = member forces due to external loading

nD = member forces due to unit load at joint D
nBG = member forces due to unit force in member BG
The numerical values of the member forces, as computed

by the method of joints, are shown in next figures, and
are tabulated in the TABLE
89
Solution
N = member forces due to external loading
F
11
70
85
3.5
73
6
.
6
36
80
85
10
0
9.6
70 kN
10
9.6
E
152.5
B
80 kN
82.5
02
152.5
77.5
C
80 kN
77.5
77.5
90
Solution
nD = member forces due to unit load at joint D
F
0.3
0.5
0.3
54
54
0.5
5
0.3
1.0
E
0.25
0.25
61
0.25
0.75
0.75
D
1 kN
0.75
91
Solution
nBG = member forces due to unit force in member BG
0.707
0.707
0.707
0
0
E
0
0.707
92

Member
L (m)
N
(kN)
nD
(kN/kN)
nBG
(kN/kN)
NnDL
(kN.m)
NnBGL
(kN.m)
nD2L
(m)
nBG2L
(m)
nDnBGL
(m)
F = N + nDDy +
nBGFBG (kN)
AB
10
152.5
-0.25
-381.25
0.625
128.373
BC
10
152.5
-0.25
-0.707
-381.25
-1078.175
0.625
1.768
104.265
CD
10
77.5
-0.75
-581.25
5.625
5.12
DE
10
77.5
-0.75
-581.25
5.625
5.12
FG
10
-85
0.5
-0.707
-425
600.95
2.5
-3.535
-60.855
GH
10
-85
0.5
-425
2.5
-36.747
BF
10
80
-0.707
-565.60
55.891
CG
10
-0.707
-24.109
DH
10
-1
10
-96.507
AF
14.142
-116.673
0.354
-584.096
1.772
-82.51
BG
14.142
14.142
34.1
CF
14.142
3.536
-0.354
-17.702
50.006
1.772
14.142
-5.006
3.473
CH
14.142
109.602
0.354
548.697
1.772
143.765
EH
14.142
-109.602
1.061
-1644.541
15.92
-7.208
-4472.642
-992.819
48.736
48.284
-6.773
93
4,472.642 kN .m
D
AE
BG
992.819 kN .m
AE
f DD
48.736 m
AE
f BG, BG
48.284 m
AE
f BG, D f D , BG
6.773 m
AE
By substituting these values into the above equations

94
4,472.642 48.736 D y 6.773FBG 0
992.819 6.773D y 48.284 FBG 0
Solving these equations simultaneously for Dy and FBG

D y 96.507 kN
FBG 34.1 kN
95
The remaining reactions of the indeterminate truss can

now be determined by superposition of reactions of
primary truss due to the external loading and due to
each of the redundants.
The forces in the remaining members of the
indeterminate truss can be determined by using the
superposition relationship
96

11
7
6.6
3.5
85
36
80
kN
170
09
.60
2
152.5 C
B
80 kN
77.5 D
77.5
80 kN
77.5
+
0.3
0.5
0.3
54
0
54
0.5
5
0.3
H
1.0
61
E
0.25
0.25
0.75 D
0.25
F
0.707 G
1
1
0.707
0.75
1 kN
0
0.75
H
0
E
0
0.707 C
.51
128.373
Ay=58.373
3.4
34
73
.1
104.265
80 kN
36.747
14
65
3.7
70 kN
96.507
60.855
24.109
82
55.891
=
F
Ax=70
E
152.5
85
02
9.6
A
82.5
10
0.707
70
7.2
5.12
5.12
C
D
80 kN
Dy=96.507
08
Actual Truss
Ey=5.12
97

Actual Truss
Ax=70
55.891
3.4
1
2.5
128.373
104.265
36.747
73
.1
34
80 kN
Ay=58.373
3
14
.76
5.12
70 kN
7.2
96.507
60.855
24.109
08
E
5.12
80 kN
Dy=96.507
Ey=5.12
98

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University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

By inspection the frame is indeterminate to the first

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

Substituting the data in Eq. (1)

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

M A 0; 402.5 B y 5-3.474 0 By 22.8 kN

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

By inspection the frame is indeterminate to the first

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

The capacity of the frame to

MA can be directly obtained by

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

The terms A and AA will be computed using the method

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

The negative sign indicates MA

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

The equations for bending moments for the members of

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

0 241875 9000 Dx 10125 D y

0 641250 10125 Dx 22500 D y

By solving (1) and (2) simultaneously we get

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

Redundant FAC applied

University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila

Redundant FAC applied