1. What is the difference between suction head and suction lift?

Support your statements with

a brief sketch.

2. What is the functional difference between centrifugal pumps and positive dis. Pumps?

3. Briefly describe the 5-point criteria used for selecting the valves.

4. Describe the welding categories A,B,C and D presented below:

5. Briefly discuss the suction cavitation and discharge cavitation problems?

6. What is corrosion allowance? How it is taken into account in the pressure vessel design?

7. Fill in the blanks for the following pump characteristics diagram including labelling of three
axes

System Head Curve

8. The geometry and design data of a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel are specified in figure
below, with cylinder dimensions shown are inside diameters. Cost estimations are being
prepared for this vessel. You are asked to estimate the required component thickness using
the given design info and formulae. Both heads are seamless with shell being double welded
and spot radiographed.
i.
What are the minimum required thicknesses (mm) for the two cylindrical sections?
ii.
For the same vessel , what are the minimum required thicknesses (mm) for the top
and bottom heads?
a. Operating pressure = 264.5 psia,
b. Corrosion allowance = 3.175 mm
c. Shell and Head Material Design Stress @ 371, S=14 400 psi
1bar=0.1 N/mm2
Equations:

1 atm = 14.7 psi

Cylindrical shell
Elliptical Head

Hemispherical Head

Pi = N/mm2, E = joint eff., S = N/mm2

1psi = 0.068948 bar

9. Water in a tank flows through an outlet 23 m below the water level into a 0.15 m diameter
horizontal pipe 30 m long, with a 90o elbow at the end landing to a vertical pipe of the same
diameter 15 m long. This is connected to a second 90 o elbow which leads to a horizontal
pipe of the same diameter, 60 m long, containing a fully open glove valve and discharging to
atmosphere 10m below the level of the water in the tank. Taking e/d = 0.01 and viscosity of
water as 0.001 Ns/m2(kg/m.s), what is the initial rate of discharge in ks/g? use the
tabulated info given in table below to account for all frictional losses and also, use friction
chart to check the accuracy of initial assumed theta value.
45o elbow
90o elbow (stand. Radius)
90o square elbow
Entry from leg to T-piece
Entry into leg of T-piece
Unions and couplings
Globe vales fully open
Gate valves fully open
open
open
open

Number of pipe dia.

15
30-40
60
60
90
Very small
60-300
7
40
200
800

No. of velocity heads (u2/2g)

0.3
0.6-0.8
1.2
1.2
1.8
Very small
1.2-1.6
0.15
1
4
16

10. A pump developing a pressure of 800kN/m2 is used to pump water through a 150mm pipe
300m long to a reservoir 60m higher. With the valves fully open, the flowrate obtained is
0.05m3/s. as a result of corrosion and sealing the effective absolute roughness of the pipe
surface is expected to increase by a factor of 10. Using the figure below and the following
equations, estimate the percent reduction in flowrate?
i.
(
)( )(
)
ii. (
)
iii. Viscosity of water = 1mNs/m2
iv. 1N = 1kgm/s2