Annotated Bibliography

Books:

Fant, Kenne. Alfred Nobel. New York: Arcade, 1991.

This biography included many primary resources including reprints of diagrams, pictures,
documents and charts. It also provided me translated copies of direct correspondence between Nobel
and his brother Robert, Ragnar Sohlman, executor of his will and chief engineer, as well as Bertha von
Suttner, his close-friend and peace activist, and Sophie Hess, his mistress. It helped me better my
knowledge about Nobel as a scientist, an inventor, and an individual.

Halasz, Nicholas. Nobel: A Biography of Alfred Nobel. New York, NY: The Orion Press, 1959.
This source provided correspondence including letters. It also had some of Nobel's poetry and
other literary writings, including excerpts from a play he wrote. It also described how Nobel felt about
moral issues involving inventing dynamite which he wrote about in letters, which helped me write my
report.

Schuck, H., R. Sohlman, A. Osterling, C.G. Bernhard, A. Westgren, M. Siegbahn, K. Siegbahn, A. Schou,
and N.K. Stahle. Nobel: The Man & His Prizes. New York, NY: American Elsevier Company, Inc, 1972.
This book included a chapter by Ragnar Sohlman, Nobel's personal assistant, chief engineer, and
the executor of his will, specifically detailing how he started the Nobel Foundation and settled Nobel's
estate. It also included analyses of several different prizes by experts. It helped me especially
understand how much resistance there was to the creation of the Nobel Prizes.

Von Suttner, Bertha.

Memoirs of Bertha von Suttner. Boston: Ginn and Company, 1910.

This book helped me greatly in my research. It described Bertha von Suttner's viewpoint of
Alfred Nobel, their meetings, as well as providing letters, one of which I included in my report. Her
memoirs describe her passion as a vocal peace activist, who corresponded with Alfred Nobel. The letters
between them show the relationship they had and her influence that many people believe was one of
the key factors in Nobel creating the prizes.

Documents:

Nobel, Alfred. Improved Explosive Compound. Julius Bandmann, assignee. Patent 78,317. 1868.
This was the United States patent given to Alfred Nobel for dynamite. It was helpful to me
because it showed he had the business sense to apply for patents in other countries.

Nobel, Alfred. Last Will and Testament. 1895.

This is the third and final will of Alfred Nobel. I used quotes from this document to show what
his wishes were and how he intended his wealth to be used.

Images: Alfred Nobel - Father of Explosives. 1890. History of Blasting and Explosives
This is an image of Alfred Nobel sitting in a chair. I used it in my timeline. I used this image
because it matched the period of the timeline that I obtained from nobelprize.org.

O' Brien, Hal. Alfred Nobel's Death Mask. 2 Aug. 2001.

I used this, a picture of the death mask of Alfred Nobel, in my timeline. When I saw this picture, I
believed it gave a symbolic portrayal of Alfred Nobel's death.

Alfred Nobel's Laboratory in Sevran. The Nobel Collection, The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden.
This is an image of a dynamite lab belonging to Alfred Nobel, which was used in my timeline
section. In that section of the timeline, it listed events that happened in factories, including inventions
and the death of Nobel's brother.

Alfred Nobel's Patent on the Blasting Cap. Swedish National Archives.

I used this image, which was Alfred Nobel's patent for the blasting cap, in my timeline. When
trying to find images for my timeline, I found the website for the Swedish National Archives and the
patent on the blasting cap.

Alfred Nobel's Traveling Bag. The Nobel Collection, The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden.
This is an image of Alfred Nobel's traveling bag, used in my analysis section. This image showed
what types of things Alfred Nobel carried with him when he traveled and I thought it showed his
dedication.

Alfred Nobel's Will. The Nobel Collection, The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden.

This was a picture of Alfred Nobel's will. It was used in my analysis section. The will was an
integral part of Alfred Nobel's legacy.

Bertha von Suttner. The Nobel Collection, The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden.
I used this photograph in my Historical Context section. This is a photo of Bertha von Suttner,
Alfred Nobel's close friend and who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905, becoming the first woman to
win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Harpers Weekly, The Hellenic Nobel Collection, Museum of the Hellenic Nobel Collection, Athens,
Greece.
This was an image of an engraving of a violent explosion, in which many people were killed. I
used this image in my analysis to show how dangerous working with nitroglycerin could be.

Immanuel Nobel. The Nobel Collection, The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden.
This is an image of Alfred Nobel's father, Immanuel Nobel. I used it in my timeline. Immanuel
Nobel was a primary influence in his son's life and career.

Lobotomy Operation. PBS.

This was a picture of Egas Moniz performing a lobotomy, used in the Perspectives section
because Egas Moniz is one of the controversial persons awarded a Nobel Prize.

Men Loosening granite using hammers, steel rods and dynamite. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Olaf
College, Northfield, Minnesota.
In this photo, miners are using dynamite to loosen huge slabs of rock. The picture is used in my
Historical Context section. I used it because it portrayed how dynamite was used in mining.

Mother Teresa: Angel of Mercy. CNN Interactive, Cable News Network, Inc.
This is a photograph of Mother Teresa, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979, that was used in
my Significance in History to give an example of a Nobel Peace Prize Laureate.

Osterman, Emil. Alfred Nobel. 1915. The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden.
This picture was used in my Thesis section.

Palace Hotel, Built 1874 - Demolished by Dynamite May 12, 1906. 12 May 1906. California Historical
Society, San Francisco, CA.
This is an image of a building being demolished by dynamite, used in the Significance in History
section. I thought that this image showed the use of dynamite in destruction.

Suez Canal Under Construction. Lessons from History.

I used this picture in the Perspectives section. It was an image of the Suez Canal being
constructed.

"Alfred Nobel Timeline". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 5 Nov 2014.
<http://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/biographical/timeline/>
This was very helpful to find out how Alfred Nobel got the Nobel Prize named after him.

Websites:

"Alfred Nobel." The Nobel Peace Prize. The Norwegian Nobel Institute. 21 Nov. 2008
<http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/alfred-nobel/>.
This is the official website of the museum I visited in Norway this summer. This website was very
important to my research. It also included the whole text of his will and detailed information about his
research and his fortune. It had many primary resources, like pictures of Nobel and dynamite.

"Alfred Nobel - The Man Behind The Nobel Prize." Nobelprize.org. 16 Oct. 2008
<http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/>
This was a very valuable source. It had primary resources including pictures of his will. I was also
able to email this site and they quickly responded with answers to questions I had. It also had
information on many different prize winners, as well as several pictures I used in my project.

"Archive Documents after Alfred Nobel in the National Archives." Swedish Archives. 21 Nov. 2008
<http://statensarkiv.se/default.aspx?id=12231&ptid=0>
This is the website for the Swedish National Archives. It had several images, from patents to
letters, and information about Alfred Nobel's Swedish patent on the blasting cap.

"The Collection." Museum of the Hellenic Nobel Collection. 21 Nov. 2008

<http://www.museum-hellenic-nobel-collection.gr/collection.html>
This was an amazingly useful website. It provided many great pictures of handwritten letters to
and from Nobel, legal documents including patents, legal decrees concerning the production of
dynamite, and maps. It also had newspapers, advertisements, academic papers, diagrams, and rare
Nobel medals. Some of these I used directly within my website, whereas other showed me the vastness
of his influence.

"United States Patent Office." United States Patent and Trademark Office. 23 Nov. 2008
<http://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?docid=00078317&idkey=none>
This webpage had an image of the United States patent given to Alfred Nobel for dynamite.

Secondary Resource Books:

Dolan, John E., and Stanley S. Langer. Explosives in the Service of Man. Cambridge, UK: The Royal Society
of Chemistry, 1997.
This resource provided a thorough description of the Proceedings of a Conference held in
Tribute to Alfred Nobel on the 10th and 11th of December 1996. This was a symposium in honor of the
100th anniversary of Nobel's death. The lectures by experts in the field of the science of explosives
explained its use in mining and civil engineering, both historically and in present day. This helped me
understand the uses of dynamite.

E-mail:Petterson, Jonna. "SV: Information about Alfred Nobel." E-mail to the author. 14 Nov. 2008.
This e-mail helped me in many ways. Mrs. Petterson, Public Relations Officer and Information
Specialist from the Nobel Foundation, told me where to go to have my questions answered, along with
giving me permission to use pictures on their website in my project.

Petterson, Jonna. "SV: SV: Information about Alfred Nobel." E-mail to the author. 14 Jan. 2009.

In this e-mail, Mrs. Petterson answered my question of Alfred Nobel's relationship with Asciano
Sobrero, inventor of nitroglycerin. Also she helped me with Nobel's influence on future philanthropists.

Petterson, Jonna. "SV: SV: SV: Information about Alfred Nobel." E-mail to the author. 26 Feb. 2009.
This e-mail helped me better my understanding of the money given to laureates of the Nobel
Prize and the restrictions and the conditions placed on them.

Journals:

Marshall, Eliot. "For Winners, a New Life of Opportunity - and Perils." Science 294 (2001): 293-95.
This article brought valuable insight into the pros and cons of winning the Nobel Prize. It was
highly valuable when writing my Perspectives section.

Reif, Wanda. "100 Years of Alfred Nobel's Legacy." The Lancet 358 (2001): 1280.
This journal was informative because it explained the prize itself. It also included information
about prizewinners.

Stone, Richard. "At 100, Alfred Nobel's Legacy Retains Its Luster." Science 294 (2001) 288-91.
This journal had specific information. It contained details about the prize's rise to fame, why
some major contributions and discoveries have not received prizes, life after receiving a prize, and a
probable reason why he left the massive sum of money to make the Nobel Prizes.

Websites: "Alfred Nobel (1833-1896)." - The Depressed Explosive." Flinn Scientific INC. 10 Dec
2008 <http://www.flinnsci.com/documents/miscpdfs/nobel.pdf>
This website provided comprehensive information about Alfred Nobel's life. It also gave detail
about how Nobel invented dynamite and blasting gel.

"Alfred Nobel (1833-1896)." Newsfinder. 21 Nob. 2008

<http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/alfred_noble_1833_1896/>.
This source provided information about Immanuel Nobel's inventions and companies, as well as
other information about Alfred's early childhood.

"Alfred Nobel." Lucidcaf. 16 Oct. 2008 <www.lucidcafe.com/library/95oct/alfnobel.html>.

This website provided only a brief summary of Alfred's life. However, it also gave a very good
quote and a picture.

"Alfred Nobel." Nordic Way. 21 Nov. 2008

<www.nordicway.com/search/sweden/sweden_alfred_nobel.htm>
This page provided valuable information on the controversy left by Alfred Nobel's will. Due to
the enormity of his fortune, many people tried to steal or claim it. Additionally, it gave information
about the life and industry of Nobel.

"Alfred Nobel." Peep: Physics & Ethics Education Project. University of Bristol; Institute of Physics. 19
Nov. 2008
<www.peep.ac.uk/content/804.0.html>
This website gave brief information about Nobel's life. This website also produced two valuable
quotes. One quote was by Alfred Nobel, while the other was by Albert Einstein. It also mentioned the
problem of being a scientist and managing social responsibility.

Altman, Lawrence K. "Alfred Nobel and the Prize That Almost Didn't Happen." The New York Times. 26
Sept. 2006. 21 Nov. 2008
<http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/26/health/26docs.html?pagewanted=all>.
This website had beneficial information. There was important details about Nobel's life that was
not included in most other resources.

Bellis, Mary. "History of Dynamite." About.com:Inventors. 1 Oct. 2008

<http://inventors.about.com/od/dstartinventions/a/alfred_nobel.htm>.
This website provided information about the inventions of Nobel. It also gave me a good picture
of Nobel.

"Encyclopedia>19th Century." NationMaster.com 10 Dec. 2008

<http://nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/19th-century>.

This website provided detail about important events and people throughout the 19th century
that was valuable in writing the historical context section.

Kurtus, Ron. "Alfred Nobel." School for Champions. 8 Dec. 2001. 22 Oct. 2008
<http://www.school-for-champions.com/biographies/nobel.htm>.
This website provided good information on Nobel. It divided by events that happened in
different periods of his life.

"Military Explosives." Aragon. 23 Nov.2008

<http://www.aeragon.com/o/me/index.html>.
This webpage helped me in the perspectives page with the uses of dynamite in war.

"October: Alfred Nobel Receives his first patent." RSC: Advancing the Chemical Sciences. Royal Society
of Chemistry. 18 Nov. 2008
<http://www.rsc.org/library/lichelp/historicalchemistry/october2008.asp>.
This website gave a quick summary of dates and information. It was good for quickly finding
dates and statistics about his first patent for preparing nitroglycerine.

"The Peace Prize...Norway's Only Nobel." Norway: The Official Site in the United States. 21 Sept 2008
<http://www.norway.org/news/archive/1996/199610nobel.htm>.
This website provided a good description of the Peace Prize, including why Norway chooses the
Peace Prize Laureate, opposed to Sweden. It also describes the selection process.

Ringertz,Nils. "Alfred Nobel _ His Life and Work." Nobelprize.org. 16 Oct. 2008
<http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/biographical/articles/lifework/index.html>.
This website was very useful in my research. It provided information about Nobel, pictures,
quotes and primary source documents, like the actual will of Alfred Nobel.

Spartacus Educational. 21 Oct.2008

<http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/fwwnobel.htm>.

This website only provided a brief description of Nobel's life.

Suddath, Claire. "The Nobel Prize." Time. 5 Oct.2008. 21 Nov. 2008

<http://www.time.com/time/printout/o,8816,1847407,00.html>.
This page provided valuable information about Nobel's early life. It also gave me information
about prizewinners.