Tarikh : ../../.

Bab 1 : DUNIA MELALUI DERIA KITA

Organ deria
1.1.1 Organ deria & fungsinya
A

Lengkapkan pengurusan grafik dibawah dengan perkataan yang diberikan untuk

menunjukkan organ deria, rangsangan yang diterima & jenis deria yang terlibat
Cahaya
Bau

Penglihatan
Rasa

Telinga Mata
Lidah

Hidung

Kulit

Bunyi

Organ deria

Jenis rangsangan yang diterima

Bahan kimia

Bahan kimia

Sentuhan
Sakit
Panas
Sejuk

Sentuhan
Sakit
Panas
Sejuk

Jenis deria yang terlibat

Pendengaran

Lengkapkan carta alir di bawah tentang aliran impuls melalui saraf setelah rangsangan
diterima oleh kulit
Reseptor (organ deria)

Rangsangan

impuls

Otak

saraf

Efektor (otot)

Saraf

cgdean2012@smkdbd

1.1

C1-1

Tarikh : ../../.

1.2

Sense of Touch
1.2.1 Kulit
Tujuan

(a) Mengenal pasti struktur kulit yang terlibat dalam pengesanan

rangsangan
(b) Mengenal pasti& menyatakan fungsi setiap jenis reseptor

Bahan

Carta, model atau transparensi yang menunjukkan struktur kulit

Langkah

1 Perhatikan carta, model atau transparensi yang menunjukkan

keratan rentas kulit
2 Bincangkan dengan guru & rakan-rakan anda tentang struktur kulit
3 Kenal pasti jenis reseptor yang terlibat dalam pengesanan
rangsangan dan label rajah tentang keratan rentas kulit manusia di
bawah
Reseptor panas
Reseptor sakit

Pemerhatian

Reseptor sentuhan
Reseptor tekanan

Reseptor sejuk
Saraf

1.

4.

2.

5.

3.

6.

Keratan rentas kulit

1 Namakan lima jenis reseptor yang terdapat pada kulit

Pain , heat , pressure , touch and cold receptors.
2 Padankan reseptor pada kulit dengan jenis rangsangan yang dikesan

Analisis

Reseptor panas

Sejuk

Reseptor sejuk

Panas

Reseptor sentuhan

Sakit

Reseptor tekanan

Tekanan

Reseptor sakit

Sentuhan

cgdean2012@smkdbd

3 Namakan jenis reseptor yang terdapat dalam tisu adipos (lemak)

Pressure receptors
4 Namakan jenis reseptor yang berada dekat dengan permukaan kulit
Pain receptor
5 Namakan jenis reseptor yang menerima rangsangan apabila
seseorang diberikan suntikan

C1-2

Kesimpulan

Kulit mempunyai reseptor yang peka terhadap

Tarikh : ../../.
1.2.2 Kepekaan kulit
Menunjukkan kepekaan kulit terhadap pelbagai rangsangan pada
Tujuan
bahagian badan yang berlainan

Langkah

Pemerhatian

Analisis

Kadbod tebal, pencungkil gigi, pita selofan, jaluran kain

1 Sediakan bahan seperti yang ditunjukkan di sebelah kanan
2 Tutup mata rakan anda dengan jaluran kain
3 Cucuck badan rakan anda di bahagianb-bahagian yang berikut
dengan satu atau dua pencungkil gigi
(a) hujung jari
(e) lutut
(b) belakang leher (f) tapak kaki
(c) bibir
(g) tapak tangan
(d) siku
(h) belakang telinga
4 Minta rakan anda teka bilangan pencungkil gigi yang digunakan untuk
mencucuk bahagian tertentu di badannya
5 catat jawapan rakan anda dalam jadual di bawah
Tandakan untuk tekaan yang betul dan sekiranya salah
Bilangan pencungkil gigi
Kepekaan
Bahagian badan
(tinggi atau rendah)
Satu
Dua
Hujung jari
Belakang leher
Bibir
Siku
Lutut
Tapak kaki
Tapak tangan
Belakang telinga
1 Nyatakan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi kepekaan kulit
(a) Thickness of epidermis
(b) Number of receptors
3 Apakah hubungan antara ketebalan epidermis kulit dengan kepekaan
kulit terhadap rangsangan?
Semakin thinner
epidermis kulit, semakin
kulit
terhadap rangsangan
3 Apakah hubungan antara bilangan reseptor dalam kulit dengan
kepekaan kulit terhadap rangsangan?
Semakin
reseptor di dalam kulit, semakin
kulit terhadap rangsangan
4 Nyatakan jenis resptor yang paling banyak digunakan oleh orang buta

1 Kepekaan kulit adalah differs

Kesimpulan

di bahagian badan berlainan

2 Kepekaan kulit bergantung pada ketebalan epidermis

bilangan reseptor

dan

dalam kulit

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Bahan

C1-3

Tarikh : ../../.

1.3

Sense of Smell
Tujuan

(a) Mengenal pasti struktur hidung

(b) Mengenal pasti kedudukan sel deria bau

Bahan

Carta, model atau transparensi yang menunjukkan struktur hidung

Langkah

1 Perhatikan carta, model atau transparensi yang menunjukkan

keratan rentas hidung
2 Bincangkan dengan guru & rakan-rakan anda tentang struktur hidung
3 Kenal pasti kedudukan sel deria bau
3 Identify the position of the sensory cells in the nose.
4 Label struktur hidung pada rajah di bawah
3.

1.

4.

Panduan:
Saraf
Reseptor bau
Lubang hidung
Rongga hidung

Pemerhatian
2.

Keratan rentas hidung

1
2
3
4
Analisis
5
6

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Kesimpulan

C1-4

What is the sensory organ for smell?

Nose
Name the part of the nose that receives smell stimuli.
Smell receptors/Olfactory cells
Where are the receptors that are sensitive to smell stimuli located?
In the upper part
of the nasal cavity.
The smell receptors are always dampened by mucus. What is the
function of the mucus?
To enable chemical substances to dissolve in it and stimulate the
sensory cells.
Why does our nose not function well when we have a flu?
The smell receptors are covered by a layer of mucus .
Complete the flow chart below to show the smell pathway from
stimulus to brain.

The smell

sensory cells are located in the nose.

Tarikh : ../../.

Sense of Taste
Aim

To identify parts of the tongue that are sensitive to different tastes

Material

Vinegar, sugar solution, common salt solution, fever medication dissolved in water

Apparatus

Clean cup, straws

1 Place a drop of these solutions (with no specific
sequence) onto different parts of your partners
tongue as shown in the diagram on the right.
(a) Vinegar
(b) Sugar solution
(c) Common salt solution
(d) Medicine solution
2 In the table below, record which part of the tongue
is most sensitive to each solution.
3 Rinse the mouth after tasting each solution.
Tick () for the tastes of the solutions which can be detected by the specific parts of the
tongue. Cross out () for tastes which cannot be detected.
Taste
Part of tongue
Bitter
Sour
Sweet
Salty
1
2
3
4
5
6

Procedure

Observation/R
esult

Analysis

2
3
4

State the taste of solutions in this activity.

(a) Vinegar: Sour
(c) Sugar solution: Sweet
(b) Common salt solution: Salty (d) Medicine solution: Bitter
Which tastes can be detected by the taste buds on the tongue?
Sour, sweet, salty and bitter
Are all parts of the tongue sensitive to the same taste?
No
Why is it that a dry tongue cannot taste food well?
Chemical substances in the food must dissolve in the saliva first before the taste buds
can detect tastes.
Complete the flow chart below to show the taste pathway from the stimulus to the
brain.

cgdean2012@smkdbd

1.4

C1-5

Tarikh : ../../.
6

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Conclusion

C1-6

Based on the results of the activity, fill in the example of food and the taste which the
parts of tongue are sensitive to.

The taste buds on the tongue are sensitive to the taste of bitter , sour , salty and sweet .

Tarikh : ../../.

Sense of Hearing
1.5.1

The ear
Aim

To observe and identify each part of the ear and its function

Material

Models, charts or transparencies showing the cross-section of the ear

Apparatus

Clean cup, straws

Procedure

1 Observe the models, charts or transparencies showing the cross-section of the ear.
2 Identify each part of the ear with help from your teacher and friends.
3 Label the diagram of the ear below.

5.
6.

1.

Observation/R
esult

7.

2.

8.

3.

9.

4.

a.

Analysis

Conclusion

1.5.2

b.

c.

1 What happens to the eardrum when sound waves hit it?

It vibrates.
2 Which structure is connected to the auditory nerve?
Cochlea
3 Name two structures of the ear which do not play a part in hearing.
Eustachian tube and semicircular canal
4 Name the structure which detects vibration and changes it into nerve impulse.
Cochlea
5 Which part of the ear is disturbed when a person suffers from seasickness?
Semicircular canal

The organ of hearing in a person is the ear

Hearing mechanism

cgdean2012@smkdbd

1.5

C1-7

Tarikh : ../../.
Part of the ear

Function

Ear Pinna

Collects and directs sound waves into the ear

Auditory
canal

Channels sound waves to the eardrum

Eardrum

Vibrates when it is hit by sound waves

Ossicles

Amplify sound vibrations

Oval window

Sends vibration from the bony ossicles into the inner ear

Cochlea

Changes sound vibrations to nerve impulses

Auditory
nerve

Sends nerve impulses to the brain for interpretation

Brain

Interprets the impulses as sound

Other part of the ear

Eustachian tube

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Semicircular canal

C1-8

1.6

Sense of Sight

Function

Equalises the air pressure on both sides of the ear

Controls body balance

Tarikh : ../../.
1.6.1

The eye
Aim

To observe and identify each part of the human eye

Material

Charts, models or transparencies showing the cross-section of the human eye

Apparatus

Clean cup, straws

Procedure

1 Observe the charts, models or transparencies showing the cross-section of the human
eye.
2 Identify each part of the eye with your teacher and friends.
3 Label the diagram of the eye given.

7.
1.
8.
2.

Observation/R
esult

9.
3.
10.
4.
11.
5.
12.
6.
13.

1 What is the sensory organ of sight?

Eye
2 Label the front part of the eye.
2.

Analysis
1.

1.6.2

The organ of sight in a person is the eye

How do we see?
Part of the eye

Function

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Conclusion

3.

C1-9

Tarikh : ../../.

Cornea
Aqueous
humour

Helps to focus light on the retina

Maintains the shape of the eyeball and helps to focus light

Pupil

Allows light to enter the eye

Lens

Focuses the light to form an image on the retina

Vitreous
humour
Retina

Optic nerve
Brain

Maintains the shape of the eyeball and helps to focus light

Receives light stimulus and converts it into nerve impulses
Part of the eye that is sensitive to light
Connects the eye to the brain
Sends nerve impulses to the brain for interpretation
Interprets the impulses and allows us to see the object

Other part of the eye

Iris
Sclera
Choroid
Suspensory ligament

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Ciliary muscle

C1-10

Function
Controls the size of the pupil
Protects and gives the eyeball its shape
Black in colour to absorb light in the eye/prevents reflection in the eye
Holds the lens
Controls the thickness of the lens

Yellow spot

The most sensitive area of the retina

Comprises cells which detect light and generate impulses

Blind spot

The part of the retina which is not sensitive to light

Draw the size of pupil in different situations and state the reason for your answer

Tarikh : ../../.

The sight mechanism

Answer the questions below on the sight mechanism in the human eye.

The diagram above shows the light rays that are entering the eye.
1

State three characteristics of the image formed on the retina.

Real, inverted and smaller than the object

What will happen to the image if the object is moved a few metres away from the eye?
Becomes smaller .

What will happen to the eye lens if we

(a)

look at near objects?

Becomes thicker.

(b)

look at distant objects?

Becomes thinner.

cgdean2012@smkdbd

1.6.3

C1-11

Tarikh : ../../.

1.7

Light & Sight

1.7.1

Reflection
Aim

To study the action of the reflection of light by a plane mirror

Material

A ray box, plane mirror, ruler, protractor, plasticine, white paper, pencil
1.
Draw a line AB
2.
Use plasticine to get plane mirror to stand vertically upright on
the line AB
3.
Direct a ray of light from the ray box on to the plane mirror at
specific angle as shown in the diagram
4.
Draw incident ray & reflected ray on the white paper. Draw the
normal which is the perpendicular line to the mirror at the point of incidence. Paste
your drawing in the space provided

Procedure

5.
6.

Measure the angle of incidence ( i) & the angle of reflection ( r)

with the protractor. Record the reading in the table
Repeat this activity using different angles of incidence

Observation/R
esult

Analysis

Activity
1

Angle of incidence (i)

25 o

40 o

55o

Angle of reflection (r)

What happens to light that strikes a plane mirror?

The light is reflected

Is the angle of incidence same as the angle of reflection? Yes

State the law of reflection.

(a) The angle of incidence is the same as the angle of reflection.
(b) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal are on the

cgdean2012@smkdbd

C1-12

What type of surface allows the law of reflection to be observed?

Flat, shiny and smooth surface.

same plane.

Tarikh : ../../.

Draw the reflected rays for both surfaces in the diagrams below.

(a) Smooth surface

6

(b) Rough surface

Mark and calculate the angle of incidence (i) and the angle of reflection (r) for the
diagram below.

Angle of incidence = 60
Angle of reflection = 60

1.7.2

Refraction

Light rays striking a plane mirror will be reflected

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Conclusion

C1-13

Tarikh : ../../.
Aim

To study the refraction of light between two media of different densities

Material

Ray box, glass block, protractor, ruler, white paper, pencil

1 Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram above.
2 Direct a ray of light from the ray box onto the glass block as shown.
3 Trace the outline of the glass block, the incident ray and the refracted ray onto the
white paper. Draw the normal. Record your results in the space below.
4 Measure the angle of incidence a (or a') and the angle of refraction b (or b') and record
your readings in the table given.
5 Repeat the activity using different angles of incidence.

Procedure

Observation/R
esult

Activity

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Analysis

C1-14

Incident ray
Angle of
Angle of
incident
refraction
(a)
(b)

20 o

40 o

60 o

Emergent ray
Angle of
Angle of
incident
refraction
(a)
(b)

1 What happens to light that moves from the air to a glass block?
The light is refracted .
2 Draw and state the refraction of light ray when it travels from one medium to another
medium of different densities.
(a) From a denser medium to a less
(b) From a less dense medium to a
dense medium
denser medium

The light ray is refracted/bends away

from the normal.
The light ray is refracted/bends towards
the normal.

Tarikh : ../../.
(c) At right angle from one medium to another medium of different
density

The light ray will move straight

through the glass block.

3 Name three parts of the eye where refraction of light occurs.

Lens , aqueous humour and vitreous humour
4 Name the light phenomenon that causes a pool to appear shallower than it really is.
Refraction

1.7.3

A ray of light will be refracted when it moves from a medium to another one of different
density

Defects of vision & ways to correct them

Short-sightedness

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Conclusion

Long-sightedness (hypermetropia) C1-15

Tarikh : ../../.
(myopia)

Near object are clear

Distant objects look blur

Symptoms of
defect

Near object look blur

Distant objects are clear

Causes of
defect &
position of
image is
focused

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Correction

C1-16

Astigmatism
~ Caused by irregular curvature
( irregular surface) of the cornea or

Colour blindness
~ Caused by the reduced
number or defects of

Presbyopia
~ Near and distant objects become
out of focus due to the inability

Tarikh : ../../.
lens
~ Causes blurred (hazy) vision
~ Can be corrected with cylindrical
lenses

of ciliary muscles to contract and

relax, and the reduction of the
lens' elasticity (the lens becomes
harder)
~ Usually occurs during old age
~ Can be corrected by using bifocal
lenses
colour receptors
~ Causes inability
distinguish some or all
colours (most often,
red and green)
~ Hereditary defect;
cannot be corrected

1.7.4

Limitations of sight
Optical illusion
~ Occur when the brain canno t correctly interpret
impulses received from the eye
~ The confusion of the brain is influenced by other
objects or conditions around the objects

Blind spot
Procedure
1 Close your left eye.
2 Hold this book in your right hand.
3 Look straight at the cross (in the picture above)
with your right eye and slowly move the book
towards your eye.
4 Record your observations regarding the big black
dot in the picture.

1.7.5

Stereoscopic & monocular vision

Stereoscopic vision

~ Vision involing both

eyes

Monocular vision

The way objects

are viewed
position

~ Vision involing one

eye only

cgdean2012@smkdbd

~ A point on the retina that cannot detect any

image due to the absence of photoreceptors

C1-17

Tarikh : ../../.
~ Located in front

of the head

~ Narrow

Position of the
eyes
Field of vision

~ Located on the sides of the head

~ Wide

Field of vision
by the right and
left eyes

~ Can
estimate distances &
position accurately
~ Humans and predators like eagles,
tigers, owls, cats and lions

cgdean2012@smkdbd

~ Estimate distances accurately when

hunting prey

C1-18

Estimation of
distance

Examples

Importance

~ Cannot estimate distances

accurately
~ Herbivores (rabbits, goats, cows,
deer, rats and chicken)
~ Help prey to detect predators from
all directions

Tarikh : ../../.

Devices used to overcome the limitations of sight

Peralatan digunakan untuk mengatasi had penglihatan
Devices
Function
Peralatan
Fungsi
To see minute objects such as micro-organisms
& bacteria
untuk melihat objek seperti mikroorganisma
dan bakteria

Diagram
Rajah

To see far-off objects such as star & planets

Untuk melihat objek yang jauh sperti bintang
dan planet
To see tiny distant objects such as birds in the
sky
Untuk melihat objek yang jauh dan kecil sperti
burung di langit
To magnify tiny objects to become larger than
original
Untuk memperbesarkan objek yang kecil
menjadi lebih besar daripada asalnya.
Used in submarines to look at objects on the
water surface.
Digunakan dalam kapal selam untuk
memerhatikan objek di permukaan air
Use in medical field to see organ and structures
inside the body.
Digunakan dalam bidang perubatan untuk
melihat organ dan struktur dalam badan

Use in medical field to see organ and structures

inside the body.
Digunakan dalam bidang perubatan untuk
melihat organ dan struktur dalam badan.

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Use in medical field to see situation of baby in

the pregnancy of mother.
Digunakan dalam bidang perubatan untuk
melihat keadaan bayi dalam kandungan ibu.

C1-19

Tarikh : ../../.
Sound & Hearing
Bunyi dan pendengaran
The production of sound
Penghasilan bunyi
Aim
To study the production of sound by vibration
Tujuan
untuk mengkaji penghasilan bunyi
Material
Plastic ruler, tuning fork, a beaker of water,
Plastic pembaris, garpu tala, bikar berisi air
Bahan
Beaker 250 cm3
Apparatus Radas
Bikar 250 cm3

Diagram (a)
Procedure
Prosedur

Diagram (b)

1 Push one end of the ruler down and release it as shown in Diagram (a). Record your
observations.
Tarik satu hujung pembaris itu ke bawah dan kemudian lepaskan seperti ditunjukkan dama
Rajah (a). Catatkan pemerhatian anda.
2 Hit a tuning fork on the surface of a table. Dip the tuning fork into a beaker of water
[Diagram (b)]. Record your observations. Ketuk tala bunyi pada permukaan meja.
Celupkan tala bunyi dalam bikar yang berisi air. [ Rajah(b)]. Catatkan pemerhatian anda.
ActivityAktiviti
Diagram (a)

Observation Pemerhatian
The ruler ..

and produces .

Pembaris . Dan menghasilkan

Tuning fork and ..

Observation/Result
Pemerhatian/
keputusan

The water in the beaker when the tuning fork is

Diagram (b)

dipped.
Tala bunyi dan menghasilkan
Air di dalam bikar . Apabila tala bunyi
dicelup masuk dalam bikar berisi air.

Analysis
Analisis

1 How is sound produced?

Bagaimanakah bunyi dihasilkan?
Through.. of objects.
Melalui . suatu objek.

cgdean2012@smkdbd

2 What energy change occurs when sound is produced?

Apakah perubahan tenaga berlaku apabila bunyi dihasilkan?
energy to . energy
Tenaga .. kepada tenaga ..

C1-20

3 What vibrates when each of the following musical instruments is played?

Apakah yang bergetar apabila setiap alat-alat muzik dimainkan?

Tarikh : ../../.

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Conclusion
Kesimpulan

Sound is produced by .. During vibration,.. energy is changed to

. energy.
Bunyi dihasilkan melalui . objek. Semasa getaran, tenaga ..
ditukar kepada tenaga .

C1-21

Tarikh : ../../.

The need for a medium for sound to travel.

Keperluan medium untuk pemindahan bunyi
Aim
Tujuan
Material
Bahan
Apparatus
Radas

To study the need of a medium for sound to travel

Untuk mengkaji keperluan medium untuk pemindahan bunyi
Vacuum pump, connecting wires, electric bell, batteries, rubber stopper
Pam vakum, wayar sambungan, loceng elektrik, bateri, penyumbat getah
Bell jar
Serkup kaca
1 Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram on
the right. Susun radas seperti ditunjukkan
dalam rajah.
2 Switch on the electric bell. Listen to the sound

Procedure
Prosedur

of the bell. Hidupkan suis loceng elektrik.

Dengar bunyi loceng.
3 Then, switch on the vacuum pump to suck out
the air. Record your observations in the table.
provided. Kemudian, hidupkan suis pam vakum untuk menyedut udara keluar dari
serkup kaca. Catatkan pemerhatian anda.
Situation Situasi

Observation Pemerhatian

The switch of the electric bell is turned on.

Loceng elektrik dihidupkan
Observation/
Result
Pemerhatian/
keputusan

The switch of the electric bell and the

vacuum pump is turned on. Pam vakum
dihidupkan
All the air has been pumped out.
Semua udara dikeluarkan.
Air re-enters the bell jar.
Udara masuk semula ke dalam serkup
kaca.

Analysis
Analisis

1 What happens when all the air in the bell jar is removed?
Apakah yang berlaku apabila semua udara dikeluarkan dari serkup kaca?
.
2 What medium is needed for sound to travel in this activity?
Apakah medium yang diperlukan untuk pemindahan bunyi dalam aktiviti ini?
.
3 Can sound travel through outer space? Give your reason.
Bolehkan bunyi didengar di angkasa lepas? Berikan sebab anda.
..
4 What are the two other media through which sound can travel?
Apakah dua medium lain yang dapat memindahkan bunyi?
..

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Conclusion
Kesimpulan

C1-22

Reflection & absorbtion of sound

Tarikh : ../../.
Pantulan dan penyerapan bunyi
To study the reflection and absorption of sound
Aim
untuk mengkaji
Plastic tube, asbestos sheet, metal sheet, cotton cloth, stopwatch
Material

Procedure

1 Set up the apparatus as shown

in the diagram on the right.
2 Place the stopwatch at the end
of plastic tube X.
3 Place your ear at the end of plastic tube Y to listen to the ticking sound of the
stopwatch.
4 Replace the metal sheet with a cotton cloth and repeat the activity. Compare the
loudness of the ticking sound.
Material
Metal sheet

Observation
The ticking sound of the stopwatch can

be heard clearly.

The ticking sound of the stopwatch cannot

be heard clearly.

Observation/R
esult
Cotton cloth

Conclusion

.8.4

Sound can be reflected

and absorbed

Defects of hearing & ways to correct them

Defects of hearing

Cause

Ways to correct

cgdean2012@smkdbd

Analysis

1 Between the metal sheet and the cotton cloth, which is a good reflector and which is a
good absorber of sound?
(a) Good reflector of sound: Metal sheet
(b) Good absorber of sound: Cotton sheet
2 What are the characteristics of the surfaces of a good reflector and a good absorber of
sound?
(a) Good reflector of sound: Hard and smooth
(b) Good absorber of sound: Soft and porous

C1-23

Tarikh : ../../.
(hearing loss)
~ Wax blockage
Involves outer & middle

~ A punctured eardrum

Treated medically or

ear

~ Birth defects

corrected surgically

~ Ear infections
~ Process of aging
~ Bacterial infections
Involves inner ear

~ A severe nlow to the side of the head

~ Extended exposure to loud sound

cgdean2012@smkdbd

~ A tumour in the inner ear

C1-24

Cannot be treated
medically but can be
corrected with the use
of hearing aid

1.8.5

Limitations of hearing
~ The hearing range for human is between 20 Hz 20 000 Hz
~ The range narrows as humans age due to the gradual lost of eardrums elasticity
~ Devices to overcome hearing limitations:

1.8.6

Stereophonic hearing
~ The ability to hear with both
ears
~ Determines the direction of sound
(i) The ear closer to the source of sound receives the sound earlier & louder
(ii) The brain interprets the difference, thus determining the source of the sound

Tarikh : ../../.

Stimuli & Responses in Plants

~

Tropism Growth responses of plants to external stimuli from certain

Types of tropism

direction

Stimulus

Phototropism
Gravity
Hydrotropism
Touch
Phototropism

Tropic differences
Shoots positive
Roots - neg
tive

Hydrotropism

Geotropism

Tropic differences
Sh
ots negative
Roots - positive
Thigmotropism

cgdean2012@smkdbd

1.9

C1-25

Tarikh : ../../.

Tropic differences
Shoots negative
Roots - positive

Nastic movement Plants responses to external stimuli that may come from any direction

cgdean2012@smkdbd

http://goaruna.com/d/e8apWLac0X0WxQ

C1-26