The output is concerned with placing boxes around the page and boxes are in turn
are combined to form other boxes.
Typesetting System
LaTeX is based on Donald E Knuths Tex typesetting
LaTex follows the design philosophy of separating presentation from content.
The authors can focus on the content of what they are writing without attending
simultaneously to its visual appearance.
In preparing a LaTeX document, the author specifies the logical structure using
simple concepts such as chapter, section, table, figure, etc.,
Authors leave the formatting and layout of these structures to LaTeX system.
LaTeX can be arbitrarily extended by using underlying macro language to develop
custom formats.
The macros are often collected into packages and are available to address special
formatting issues such as complex mathematics or graphics.
Indeed, in the example, below, the align environment is provided by the amsmath
package
LaTeX is not a word processor! Instead, LaTeX encourages authors not to worry
too much about the appearance of their documents but to concentrate on getting the
right content
Consider this document
To produce this in most typesetting or word-processing systems, the author would have to
decide
What layout to use,
18 pt Times Roman for the title
12 pt Times Italic for the name, and so on.
This has two results: authors wasting their time with designs; and many badly designed
documents!
In a Nutshell, the disadvantages of MS-Word are as follows:
Disadvantages of MS-Word
Lack of control.
Focus is needed on Contents & Presentation at the same time.
Great effort is required to format for Specific Conferences & Journals.
It is hard to change from one format to other.
Difficult to manage with different Versions.
It is tricky to handle references.
Disadvantages of LaTeX
You need to learn how to use it.
It is not completely intuitive (for some people).
LaTeX Example
LaTeX is based on the idea:
An Compiler
http://miktex.org/download
An Editor
http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/
http://www.tug.org/texworks/
http://www.texniccenter.org/download/
http://www.latexeditor.org/
Using LaTex without Software
If you do not Latex Software: Dont Worry*
However if you internet connectivity then use the following link to run LaTeX code and render
its output
https://www.writelatex.com
INSTALLATION
DEMO
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\begin{document}
\title{This is a Math tutorial by Dr. M. C Hanumantharaju}
\maketitle
This is inline \(n\) Math symbol
This is inline $n$ Math symbol
This is a newline displayed $$n$$ Math symbol % Displays symbol n in new line
This is a newline displayed \[n\] Math symbol % Alternate Method
$\frac{x}{y}$
% Fraction x/y
$n^n$ % Superscript : nn
\end{document}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Demonstration 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\begin{document}
\title{Writing Equations}
\maketitle
\begin{equation}
% Begin equation(s) with numbering, No line spacing is allowed in equations
x=y+z
% Simple equation: x = y + z
Mathematical Equations
Observe the output in each example
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% Super-scripts
$2x^3$ % Text line math
$$2x^3$$
$$2x^34$$
$$2x^{34}$$
$$2x^{3x+4} $$
$$2x^{3x^4+5} $$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% Sub-script
$$x_1$$
$$x_{12}$$
$${x_1}_2$$
$${{x_1}_2}_3$$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% Greek Letters
$$\pi$$
$$\alpha$$
$$A = \pi r^2$$
$$A, \beta, B, \gamma, \Gamma, \pi, \Pi, \phi, \varphi, \Phi$$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% Trigonometric Functions
$$\sin(x)$$
$$\cos(x)$$
$$y = \sin(x)$$
$$\cos (2\theta) = \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta$$
$$\lim_{x \to \infty} \exp(-x) = 0$$
$$a \bmod b$$
$$x \equiv a \pmod b$$
$$\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = \binom{n}{k}$$
$$\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = {n \choose k}$$
$${n! \over k!(n-k)!} = {n \choose k}$$
$$^3/_7$$
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Log Functions
$$\log(x)$$
$$\ln(x)$$
$$\log_5(x)$$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% Square Root
$$\sqrt{2}$$
$$\sqrt[3]{2}$$
$$\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$$
$$\sqrt{1 + \sqrt{x}}$$
$$\sqrt[n]{1+x+x^2+x^3+\ldots}$$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% Multiplications
\begin{equation}
\frac{
\begin{array}[b]{r}
\left( x_1 x_2 \right)\\
\times \left( x'_1 x'_2 \right)
\end{array}
}{
\left( y_1y_2y_3y_4 \right)
}
\end{equation}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% Summations & Integrals
$$\sum_{i=1}^{10} t_i$$
$$\int_0^\infty \mathrm{e}^{-x}\,\mathrm{d}x$$
$$\bigoplus$$
$\int y \mathrm{d}x$
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% Fractions
% In line mathematics mode
% Latex format for fractions is : \frac{}{}
% within first curly bracket type Numerator
% type Denominator within the second curly
bracket
About 2/3 of the class is full
About $2/3$ of the class is full
About $\frac{2}{3}$ of the class is full
$(\frac{n}{2})$
$$\frac{x}{x^2+x+1}$$
$$\frac{\sqrt{x+1}}{\sqrt{x-1}}$$
$$\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{x}} $$
$$\sqrt{\frac{x}{x^2+x+1}}$$
$$\frac{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}}{y-z}$$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% Parenthesis
$$(x+1)$$
$$3[2+(x+2)]$$
$${a,b,c}$$ % No curly brackets
$$\{a,b,c\}$$
$$\$12.5$$ % Prints the dollar sign
$$3(\frac{2}{5})$$ % Bracket appears very small
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% Matrices
$
\left(
\begin{array} {c c c}
1 & 2 & 3\\
4 & 5 & 6\\
7&8&9
\end{array}
\right)
$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------$\begin{matrix}
a & b & c \\
d & e & f \\
g&h&i
\end{matrix}$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------$A_{m,n} =
\begin{pmatrix}
a_{1,1} & a_{1,2} & \cdots & a_{1,n} \\
a_{2,1} & a_{2,2} & \cdots & a_{2,n} \\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
a_{m,1} & a_{m,2} & \cdots & a_{m,n}
\end{pmatrix}$
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------% Matrix in Running Text
A matrix in text must be set smaller:
$\bigl(\begin{smallmatrix}
a&b\\ c&d
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)$
to not increase leading in a portion of text.
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:MyFirstTable}
\end{table}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Table row=4, column =3 without border
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
22 & 22 & 21 \\
43 & 11 & 13 \\
65 & 12 & 11 \\
21 & 34 & 98 \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Table row=4, column =3 with border
\begin{table}[ht]
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}
\hline
22 & 22 & 21 \\ \hline
43 & 11 & 13 \\ \hline
65 & 12 & 11 \\ \hline
21 & 34 & 98 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Table with border and caption
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|}
\hline
22 & 22 & 21 \\ \hline
43 & 11 & 13 \\ \hline
65 & 12 & 11 \\ \hline
21 & 34 & 98 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption {Table with Border}
\end{table}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Table with adding borders around
\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|lll|}
\hline
22 & 22 & 21 \\
43 & 11 & 13 \\
65 & 12 & 11 \\
21 & 34 & 98 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption {Table with adding borders around}
\end{table}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Latex Figures Demonstration
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\begin{figure}
\centering
{
\includegraphics[height=2in,width=3in]{test.jpg}
\label{fig:subfig3}
}
\caption{This is an Example of Test Image}
\end{figure}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0.5\textwidth}
\vspace{-20pt}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{gull}
\end{center}
\vspace{-20pt}
\caption{A gull}
\vspace{-10pt}
\end{wrapfigure}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\begin{figure*}
\caption{\textbf{First Row} : RGB to Y, RGB to Cb, RGB to Cr, \textbf{Second Row} : YCbCr
to R, YCbCr to G, YCbCr to B}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\includegraphics[height=4.5cm,width=4.3cm]{figures/rgb2y.jpg} &
\includegraphics[height=4.5cm,width=4.3cm]{figures/rgb2cb.jpg} &
\includegraphics[height=4.5cm,width=4.3cm]{figures/rgb2cr.jpg} \\
\includegraphics[height=4.5cm,width=4.3cm]{figures/ycbcr2r.jpg} &
\includegraphics[height=4.5cm,width=4.3cm]{figures/ycbcr2g.jpg} &
\includegraphics[height=4.5cm,width=4.3cm]{figures/ycbcr2b.jpg}
\end{tabular}
\end{figure*}
% Six Pictures of 2x3 format
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. IEEE/Springer/Elsevier Format Paper Writing using Latex
1. Download IEEE template from the following link:
o http://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/publishing/templates.html
o Download windows latex and bibliography files
o Extract into new folder
o Run using Latex
software
IEEE Paper
Writing
DEMO
Springer
Paper
Writing
DEMO
6. Book Editing
The template for editing Book using latex may be found from the link:
https://www.sharelatex.com/templates/books
7. Thesis Formulation
VTU Ph.D thesis may be downloaded from the link provided below:
http://research.vtu.ac.in/research/materials.html
Unzip and start editing each chapters
8. Conclusions
Latex is a free
Latex is available for many machines
Latex files are ASCII and are portable
One can use editor of your choice.
Typesetting is better, especially the mathematics
Style changes are better in LaTeX. Style files for many periodicals exist.
LaTeX is extensible. If you want a new feature, you can look around for a free add-on or
write one yourself.
In Latex font selection is difficult compared to word.
Latex is not good for flowing text around pictures.
LaTeX encourages (almost insists on) structured writing and the separation of style from
content. This is not the way that many people (especially non-programmers) are used to
working.
Without a WYSIWYG front end, it's not always easy to find out how to do things.
However,
Worlds available best thesis/Books/Articles/Research papers are usually written in
Latex.
References
Text books & Other Information for Learning Usage of Latex
1. LaTeX: A document preparation system, User's guide and reference manual by Leslie
Lamport, 2nd edition, ISBN 0-201-52983-1.
2. The LaTeX Companion, 2nd edition (TTCT series) by Frank Mittelbach, Michel Goossens,
Johannes Braams, David Carlisle, Chris Rowley ISBN 0-201-36299-6.
3. LaTeX Beginner's Guide by Stefan Kottwitz, ISBN 978-1847199867.
4. Guide to LaTeX, by Helmut Kopka, 4th Edition: This book is an excellent reference to
LaTeX
5. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX : Latex Examples
6. http://www.math.uiuc.edu/~hildebr/tex/tips-topten.html : Latex Tips
7. http://www.tablesgenerator.com/ : Latex Table Editor
8. http://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php : Latex Equation Editor