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Bolt Stretching
Bolt stretch according Hooke's Law
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Bolt stretching according Hook's Law can be expressed as
dl = F L / E A

(1)

where
dl = change in length of bolt (inches, mm)
F = applied tensile load (lb, kN)
L = effective length of bolt where tensile strength is applied (inches, mm)
E = Young's Modulus of Elasticity (psi, N/mm2)
A = tensile stress area of bolt (square inches, mm2)
Tensile stress area can be expressed as
A = 0.7854 (d - 0.9743 / n)2

(2)

where
d = nominal diameter of bolt (inches, mm)
n = number of threads per inch (pitch)

Example - Bolt Stretching


stud diameter : 7/8 inches
thread pitch : 9
Young's Modulus : 30 106 psi
design bolt load : 10000 lbs
effective length : 5 inches
Tensile stress area can be calculated as

A = 0.7854 ((7/8 in) - 0.9743 / 9)2


= 0.46 (in2)
Change of length can be calculated as
dl = (10000 lb) (5 in) / ((30 106 psi) (0.46 in2))
= 0.0036 (inches)
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bolts for ASME/ANSI B16.15 - Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings - 300 lb Bronze Flanges with plain faces
ASME/ANSI B16 - Standards of Pipes and Fittings - The ASME B16 Standards covers pipes and fittings in
cast iron , cast bronze, wrought copper and steel
Young Modulus of Elasticity for Metals and Alloys - Elastic properties and Youngs modulus for common
metals and alloys as cast iron, carbon steel and more
Modulus of Elasticity - Young Modulus for some common Materials - Young Modulus (Tensile Modulus)
- Elastic Properties - for some common materials - steel, glass, wood and more
Piping Class Ratings - Classes and Pressure Numbers (PN) - Pressure numbers (PN) compared to
flange class designations

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