RESULTS:

Photos

Photo of stained blood cells observed under 10x magnification

Photo of stained blood cells observed under 40x magnification

Differential staining morphology of different blood cell types

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

Monocytes

cytoplasm = orange-pink to rose cytoplasm = pale gray-blue

nucleus = deep bluish-purple
Lymphocytes
cytoplasm

Neutrophils (PMNs, Polys)

=

light

nucleus = deep blue-violet

blue granules
cytoplasm

purple-to-lilac
=

pale

pink

nucleus = deep blue-violet

Eosinophils:

Basophils

granules = orange to pink

granules = deep blue to violet

Morphologically, white blood cells are classified into two broad categories such as
granulocytes and mononuclear cells. Granulocytes typically have multi-lobed nuclei (often
shaped like sausages on a string) and a granular cytoplasm. There are three basic types of
granulocyte such as neutropils, eosinophils and basophils. Mononuclear cells, which typically
have rounded or kidney-shaped nuclei and often little cytoplasm, are comprised of two basic
cell types such as monocytes and lymphocytes. Based on the morphology and staining, the
cytoplasm and nucleus of lymphocytes is light blue and deep blue-violet respectively. The
granules of eosinophils is orange to pink. The cytoplasm and nucleus of monocytes is pale
gray-blue and deep bluish-purple respectively. The granules, cytoplasm and nucleus of
neutrophils is purple to lilac, pale pink and deep blue-violet respectively. The granules of
basophils is deep blue to violet.

Neutrophil
Diagrom of Neutrophil
Neutrophil is one of the body's main defenses against bacteria of fungel infection. They kill
bacteria by phagocytosis(ingesting). They can phagocytize around 5-20 bacteria in their
lifetime. They only live from 6 hours to a few days. There main targets are fungi and bacteria.

Eosinophil
Eosinophil deal with parasitic infections. There main targets are larger parasites. Eosinophil
is also the predominant inflammatory cells in allergic reactions. It can live from 8 to 12 days.
Basophil
Diagram of Basophil
Basophil also functions in alergic reactions. Basophil releases histamine, which causes the
blood vessels to leak and attract more white blood cells, and heparin, which prevents clotting
in the infected area so that the white blood cells can reach the bacteria. Basophil can live
from a few hours to a few days.
Lymphocyte
Diagram of Lymphocyte
Lymphocte is responsible for immune responses. There are 3 types of lymphocyte cells: B
cells, T cells and Natural killer cells. The B cells make antibodies that attach body cells that
have been taken over by viruses, and also, when becoming cancerous.
Monocyte
Diaram of Monocyte
Monocyte share the phagocytosis function of neutrophils. But Monocyte live much longer as
they have the role to present pieces of pathogens, an infectious microbe, to the T cells so that
the pathogens may be recognized again and killed. They stay in the blood for 10-20 hours
then become macrophages, which can live from months to years. These cells destroy
old,damaged and dead cells.
Blood Cells
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are the most common blood cell. A single drop of blood
contains millions of red blood cells. Red blood cells are constantly traveling through the
human body delivering oxygen and removing waste. If they didn't, the body will die. Red
blood cells are shaped in a biconcave shape so they can squeeze through blood vessels. They
have no nucleus in them for space for oxygen. Red blood cells are red becuase they contain a
chemical inside them called hemogoblin wich is a bright red colour. Hemogoblin contains

iron, which makes it a good vehicle to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. When blood
passes through the lungs, the oxygen molecules attach to the hemoglobin. And when the
blood passes through the body's tissue, the hemoglobin releases the oxygen to the cells. The
empty hemoglobin then bonds with the tissue's carbon dioxide or other waste gases,
transporting it back to the lungs and out when you exhale.
Identify the RBC and leukocytes based on morphology
Eosinophils

Red-staining, bilobed nuclei

Red to crimson (acidophilic) coarse, lysosome-like granules

Digest parasitic worms (too large to be phagocytized)

Modulators of immune response (allergies)

Basophils

Rarest WBCs

Large, purplish-black (basophilic) granules contain histamine

Histamine = inflammatory chemical (vasodilator, attracts other WBCs)

Are functionally similar to mast cells

Neutrophils

Most numerous WBCs (3000-7000/L: 50-70% of WBCs))

Multi-lobed nuclei

Granules take up acidic AND basic dyes

Granules contain hydrolytic enzymes or defensins

Very phagocyticbacteria slayers