- Prestige
- Status symbol! UNIQUE!
- Image of the customers -
contrAA 700
- Global Players
Flame and Graphite Furnace AA
- But also scientific image:
publications, research, projects...
2. AAS with 1 Lamp only!
Replacement of
HR-CS AAS
up to 60 different HCL´s
BGC lamp (deuterium lamp) Xenon short arc lamp as continuum
radiator
No lamp adjustment
No loss of energy with second light source
No loss of time regarding heating time of
the lamp
No problems with aging of the lamp
(line broadening, sensitivity loss...)
ready for measuring:
- each element on
- each wavelength
Comparison of intensity of different light sources
100
10
Radiance [W / cm sr nm]
Ag
1
Pb
2
0 .1
Au A
Zn B
As C
0 .0 1
Pb Cd
1 E -3
W a v e le n g t h [ n m ]
A Xenon-short arc lamp, XBO 301, 300 W, (GLE Berlin), „Hot - Spot“ - Mode
B Xenon lamp, L 2479, 300 W, (HAMAMATSU), diffuse mode
C D2 - Lamp, MDO 620, 30 W, (HERAEUS)
Lamp Cost
A Line source AAS needs a Deuterium Lamp and for each element a hollow
cathode lamp
The contrAA needs only one lamp for background correction and all
elements
No limitation of elements
Minimum interferences
No limitations of lines
Simple to operate
independent of:
seldom or rare requested analysed elements
BUT:
Sometimes not the best SNR
Non linear calibration curve
Problem:
Extremly seldom, no standard application
High concentrated samples
No high concentrated standards available
No lamp available
more flexibility…independent line choice
Standard calibration:
Gd 407.870 nm 0.25 - 1.0 mg/ mL Gd
Gd 368.4 nm
0,5 g/L P
(A) (B)
Availability of molecular bands
Determination of S in wine
wine 1+
1 2000 ppm S
C0 (g/L) 0,355
CS- band at 258,054 nm
C2H2/ N2O - flame R2 0,9993
NWG (g/L) 0,071
Availability of molecular bands
Determination of S in wine
calibration Cu Pb Fe Ni Zn
sample 1
sample 2
sample 3
… CS AAS
LS AAS
Sample stock solution: 0.5 g sample + 2 mL HCl dilution up to 100 mL
CS AAS
Fe
Ca Cu
K Mg Na
Multi element results
Ca 4205 ± 38 1.2
Mg 1126 ± 18 0.4
K 74880 ± 288 0.2
Na 182 ± 6 0.7
Fe 179 ± 4 1.1
Cu 8.9 ± 0.1 0.4
Pb 0.82 ± 0.07 4.2
Startup Time
The contrAA is ready to run samples within 5 minutes after the flame is
ignited
Very fast analytical results
Very low cost for gas
The ICP is ready to run samples 40 to 60 minutes after the plasma is ignited
It takes at least 40 minutes before you get the first analytical results
The argon gas consumption is between 1200 and 1800 liter before you
start your analysis
5. Complicated applications_samples with
complex matrizes
LS AAS –
Visible is the Absorption vs. time
within the small emission spectral
range from the line source
Bernhard Welz, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis – SC, Brasil
Spectral information Graphite furnace - LS AAS
Bernhard Welz, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis – SC, Brasil
Background correction par excellance
(1. correction of broad-band effects)
wavelength: 276.787 nm; sample: 10 µl i.e. 0.1 mg PACS-2 marine sediment SRM (NRC
Canada); pyrolysis: 300°C; atomization: 1650°C; resolution ≈ 2 pm per pixel
Background correction par excellance
wavelength: 276.787 nm; sample: 10 µl i.e. 0.1 mg PACS-2 marine sediment SRM (NRC
Canada); pyrolysis: 300°C; atomization: 1650°C; resolution ≈ 2 pm per pixel
Corrections applied to AAS
structured background
- spektral interferences with other atom lines
- moleculare absorptions
broad-band background
- streyligth from particels
- thermal emission
instrumental influences
- Intensity drift of light source
- thermal drift
- detector failer
Effects are directly readable
- Structured background
- Intensity drift
- Continuous weakening
- Emission
Background Correction
- simultaneously
- no loss of analysis time
- spectral resolution
Monochromator – minimization of spectral interferences
Determination of Ni in grass flour
Fe
Ni
sample
Ni: 232,003 nm
Fe: 232,036 nm
Ni Ni: 232,140 nm
standard
0,4 mg/L Ni sample
5,0 mg/L Fe
Ni: 232,003 nm
Fe: 232,036 nm
Ni: 232,140 nm spectral interferences become visible
but do not disturb the accuracy
background correction error with D2
Monochromator – freedom of line choice
Determination of Cu, Ni, Fe in galvanic bath
Cu 244,164 nm
dilution:
factor 200 + Ni 231,234 nm
Fe 303,739 nm
Monochromator – minimization of spectral interferences
Determination of Cu in Ni- galvanic bath
absorption CS AAS:
0,089 Abs
absorption LS AAS:
0,057 Abs
D2 – overcorrection:
error -36%
3dimensional information/Spectra
Information about the line vicinity
New dimension of information content
Int. wave length spectra Abs. wave length spectra 2D Abs. wave length spectra 3D
Detector – provides more information
UV- sensitive linear array detector (CCD)
instead of:
exit slit for LS AAS
photomultiplier tube (PMT)
As
As
Sample cup became empty
⇒ Air molecular absorption
Time resolved Time and wavelength
absorbance resolved absorbance
7. Cost effective and only alternative to ICP
No argon neccessary
Higher purchasing and maintance costs
Better experience necessary
Higher service requirements
Installation and Uptime
Uptime ( time between service calls) is much higher for an AAS instrument
Compare the maintance costs ICP – AAS!
HR-CS AAS: Bridging the gap between AAS and ICP
AAS ICP
Simplicity Speed
combined with
Less interferences Flexibility
Robustness Information
Low operation cost
HR-CS AAS
10. Method of choice for direct solid
sampling AAS