5/16/2011

LAN Technologies and Properties

LAN Technology

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Objectives
Categorize LAN technology types and properties

Network+2009 Objective 2.6

Part 1

Agenda
Ethernet
LAN Types
Baseband
vs.
Broadband

Speed and
Distance
LAN
Technology

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Baseband vs. Broadband

S
i
g
n
a

S
i
g
n
a

Baseband only One Channel

l
Media
Bandwidth

Broadband Multiple Channels

l
Media
Bandwidth

All LAN standards use

Baseband Signaling

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Ethernet Physical layer specifications

Data Link MAC

Sub-Layer

10GBASE-SW

10GBASE-SR

10GBASE-T

1000BASE-CX

1000BASE-LX

1000BASE-SX

1000BASE-T

100BASE-FX

100BASE-TX

10BASE-T

10BASE-2

10BASE-5

Ethernet

Physical Layer

IEEE 802.3

LAN Type specification name has three

parts
5
2
10

100

TX

BASE

1000

F
FX

10G

LX

Data Rate

Distance /
Modulation /
Media

SX

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Common Ethernet LAN Types

10 Mb/s

100
Mb/s

1000
Mb/s

10,000
Mb/s
10GBaseT

10Base2
100BaseTX

1000BaseT

10GBaseSR
10GBaseLR

10Base5

10GBaseER
10BaseT

10GBaseSW
100BaseFX

1000BaseX

10BaseF

10GBaseLW
10GBaseEW

10 Megabits per Second

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10BASE
10BASE-T
UTP Category 4 and higher
2 Pairs (four wires)
100 meters

10BASE-FL
62.5/125 m Multimode Fiber Optic Cable
2 Fiber Optic strands
2000 meters (2km)

10BASE5 or Thicknet
10Base5
Coax
500 meters per segment
Uses vampire taps to connect devices to cable.
Media
Attachment
Unit
Attachment
Unit Interface
(AUI) attaches
to node

Vampire TAP

Coaxial Cable
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ThicknetTransceiver.jpg

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10BASE2 or Thinnet
10Base2
Coax
185 meters per segment
A very popular implementation of Ethernet over coax.

thinnet

BNC T
Connect

100 Megabits per Second

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100BASE

100BASE-T
100BASE-TX
UTP
Category 5
and higher

2 Pairs
(fours
wires)

100
meters

Obsolete
100BASET4

100BASET2

100BASE-F
100BASE-FX

100BASE-SX

100BASE-BX

Fiberoptic

Fiberoptic

Fiberoptic

2
Strands

2
Strands

Single
Strand

400 m to
>2000 m

300 m

10, 20 or
40 km

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1000 Megabits per Second

1000BASE (Copper)
1000Base-T
UTP
Max Distance - 100 meters
Four pairs of Category 5e or higher.
1000Base-CX
Obsolete
Balanced, shielded copper
25 meters Uses special connector, the HSSDC.

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1000BASE (Fibre)
1000Base-SX

Multimode fiber
Max Distance 220 to 550 meters
Uses SC fiber connectors.
Max length depends on optical fiber size.

1000Base-LX

Multimode and single mode fiber

Max Distance - 550 meters multimode/5000 meters single mode
Uses longer wavelength laser than 1000Base-SX.
Uses SC or LC connectors.

1000BASE (Fibre)
1000Base-BX10
Duplex; Single strand, Single-mode fiber
1000Base-LH
Non-standard
Single mode fiber
Max Distance 10 km
1000Base-ZX
Non-standard
Single mode fiber
Max Distance 70 km

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10,000 Megabits per Second

10GBASE
10GBase-SR

Multimode fiber
Max. Distance - 300 meters
850 nm laser.
Max length depends on fiber size and quality.

10GBase-LR

Single-mode fiber
Max. Distance - 10 kilometers
1310 nm laser.
Max length depends on fiber size and quality.

10GBase-ER

Single-mode fiber
Max. Distance - 40 kilometers
1550 nm laser.
Max length depends on fiber size and quality.

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10GBASE
10GBase-SW /LW / EW /ZW
Use WAN Physical Layer
Interoperate with SDH/SONET
Use same fiber types and run same
distances as 10GBASE-SR / LR / ER
respectively

10GBASE

10GBaseT
100m with Category 6a
55m with Category 6

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Pluggable Physical Layer (PHY)

modules allow flexibility with media types
Pluggable Physical
Layer (PHY)
modules allow
network device to
support different
Physical Layer types

Nortel 10G Router

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nortel-10G-ERS-8600.JPG

As data rate increases, maximum

distance decreases

Speed
Distance

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Summary of Ethernet Media

Requirements

Review
Baseband vs.
Broadband

Ethernet LAN
Types

10BASE-X
100BASE-X
1000BASE-X
10GBASE-X

Speed/ Distance

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LAN Properties

Objectives
Categorize LAN technology types and properties

Network+2009 Objective 2.6

Part 2

15

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Agenda
LAN
Properties

CSMA/CD

Unicast

Mode

Multicast

Collision

Bonding

Broadcast

Talking with your friends

I want to say
something!

Is another
person
talking?

Yes

Wait

No
Start talking

Finished
Talking

Continue
Talking

No

Someone
else is
talking
?

Yes

collision

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CSMA/CD Flowchart
Assemble
Frame

Is Another
Station
transmitting
?

Yes

Wait

No

Start Transmitting

Transmission
Complete

Continue
Transmitting

No

Collision
Detected
?

Yes

Collision occur when more than one

station on shared media transmit
simultaneously

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Carrier Sense Multiple Access with

Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Carrier Sense

Multiple Access

Collision
Detection

Jam and Backoff

Delay
JAM

JAM

JAM

Data can flow in three ways Simplex,

Half Duplex and Full Duplex
Simplex
One way only
Not used in networking

Half-duplex
Two-way traffic but only
one direction at a time

Full-duplex
Two-way traffic
simultaneously
Requires a point-to-point
connection

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Full-duplex Ethernet can be used in

three situations:
When connecting:
Switch to a Host
Switch to a Switch
Host to a Host using a
crossover cable

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Unicast are sent from one station to

only One other station

One-to-One

Broadcast are sent from one station to

All stations

One-to-All

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Broadcast Address is a Destination

MAC Address of all ones
11111111: 11111111: 11111111: 11111111: 11111111:
FF:

FF:

FF:

FF:

FF:

11111111
FF

FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
is the Broadcast Address

Multicast are sent from one station to

Some stations

One-to-Some

Use special multicast addresses

Receiving station join multicast group

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A single link may not have bandwidth

to carry all your traffic

Server
Switch
Bottle
Neck

Switch

Switch

Channel Bonding allows aggregating

bandwidth of multiple links

Switch
Server

Switch

Switch

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Review
LAN Properties

CSMA/CD
LAN Communications
Collision
Bonding

23