Nov.

24, 1953

M. w. YALE

2,659,994

SELF-LOADING SEMIAUTOMATIC PISTOL

Filed Feb. 3, 1950

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NOV. 24, 1953

M, W, YALE

2,659,994

SELF-LOADING SEMIAUTOMATIC PISTOL.

Filed Feb. 3, 1950

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Patented Nov, 24, 1953

,tsaet

TENT OFFICE
2,659,994
SELF-LOADING SEMIAU'I'OMATIC PISTOL
Marion W. Yale, Salida, 0010.
Application February 3, 1950, Serial N0. 142,231
2 Claims.

(01. 42-69)

i
This invention relates to a novel construction

Of self-loading semiautomatic pistol having an

enclosed action and no outside moving parts ex

cept an operating rod for rendering the piston

action dirt-proof.
Still a further object of the invention is to pro

2
threaded bore of the bushing It. The barrel and
bushmg are connected together and to the re
ceiver by a screw Iastemng is which also forms a
part of the connection between the receiver 14

and frame l3. A cartridge ramp Is is disposed in

the receiver 54 onectiy behind the barrel and
bushing and is secured to the bushing is by an

vide a pistol of extremely simple construction

which may be very readily dismantled for clean
extension at of said ramp ls which hits a recess
ing, repair or replacement of parts and which is
2| 1n the bottom of the rear end or the bushing
capable of being quickly and easily reassembled. 10 i 5 and which is secured thereto by a fastening 22A
Still a further object of the invention is to pro
vide a pistol which may be readily constructed to
provide a well balanced weapon to afford the

The ramp I s is relatively short and has a concave,

longitudinally extending upper surface

as best
illustrated in Figure 8. 'ihe opposite, rear end

maximum degree of accuracy in ?ring.

of the receiver is is internally threaded and nor
Various other objects and advantages of the 15 mally closed by a removable, externally threaded
invention will hereinafter become more fully ap
plug 24.
parent from the following description of the
A bolt 25 which is generally circular, externally
drawings, illustrating a presently preferred em
in cross section, is mounted for longitudinal slid
bodiment thereof, and wherein:
ing movement in the receiver it behind the bush
Figure l is a side elevational view looking to 20 ing I5 and for movement toward and away from
ward the right-hand side of the pistol;
the rear end of the bushing l5 and barrel It. A
Figure 2 is an enlarged longitudinal central
hammer 26, which is likewise of substantially cir
sectional view, partly in side elevation thereof and
cular external cross section, is also reciprocally
showing the bolt and hammer in retracted posi
mounted for longitudinal movement in the re
tions;
25 ceiver it between the bolt 25 and plug 24. The
Figure 3 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional
bolt 25 at its rear end is provided with a rear
view showing the bolt in a forward position pre
wardly opening recess 27 and a restricted thread
paratory to ?ring and with the hammer in a re
ed recess 28 Which extends forwardly from the
tracted, cocked position;
bed of the recess 21. The hammer 28 has a bore
Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 but show
29 extending longitudinally and centrally there
ing the hammer in a forward position and illus
through and which is provided with an enlarged
trating the parts in their positions as the car
rearwardly opening rear end portion all. An ac
tridge is ?red;
_
tion rod 3! extends reciprocally through a cen
Figure 5 is an exploded perspective View of cer
tral bore 32 in the plug 24, through the bore 28
tain of the operating parts of the pistol;
35 and recess 21 and has a threaded forward end 33
Figure 6 is a bottom plan View of the bolt; _
which threadedly engages the threaded recess 28.
Figure 7 is an enlarged cross sectional view
The action rod 3! has a knob or head 36 at its
taken substantially along a plane as indicated by
rear end which is disposed rearwardly of the plug
the line 'll of Figure 2;
.
213, in the forwardmost position of said action rod,
Figure 8 is an enlarged cross sectional view 40 as illustrated in Figure 1. A long action spring

taken substantially along a plane as indicated by

35 of relatively small diameter is mounted on the

the line 88 of Figure 2;

action rod 3| within the receiver 14 and has one

Figure 9 is a horizontal sectional view taken

substantially along a plane as indicated by the

end thereof seated in a forwardly opening recess

36 of the plug 26 and extends forwardly there
line 9-9 of Figure 2, and
'
45 from through the hammer bore 29 into the bolt
Figure 10 is a fragmentary perspective View of
recess 21 and has its opposite end bearing against
the upper end of a cartridge clip especially de
the bed of the recess 21. A shorter main spring
signed for use with the pistol.
3'! of larger diameter is disposed around the rear
Referring more speci?cally to the drawings, the
portion of the action spring 35 and has its rear
semiautomatic self-loading pistol in its entirety 50 end seated in the recess 36 and its forward end
is designated generally is and includes a frame,
seated in the hammer recess or bore enlargement
designated generally [3 to the upper end of which
38 so that the spring 35 urges the bolt 25 toward
is secured a receiver, designated generally 14. A
its forward position of Figures 3 and 4 and the .
barrel bushing I5 is press ?t into the forward end
main spring 37 urges the hammer 26 toward its
of the receiver Ill and a barrel It has a restricted
forward position of Figure 4.
threaded rear end H which is threaded into the
As best seen in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5, the bolt '25

2,659,994

3
is provided in its upper portion vwith a groove '38

which extends from end-to-end thereof and

' which has a'deep cut forward portion 39.

The

forward end of the bolt 35 is provided with a

recess or depression 40 for receiving the rim or
rear end of a cartridge case. As seen in Figure 6,

the underside of the bolt 25 is provided with

spaced longitudinally extending grooves A! which
extend from intermediatejof its ends to its for
ward end and which combine to form a longi

tudinally extending rib 42 therebetween which

has'a beveled forward end 43 terminating at the
bed of the pocket or depression ML The-pocket ,

or depression :18 opens downwardly into the

grooves 41 at the forward end of the rib 152'. The
underside of the bolt 25 is also providedwith a,
transversely extending depression or groove 45
which is disposed rearwardly of the longitudinal

of the frame i3~into a longitudinally extending

recess 66 formed in the upper portion of the frame

It and which opens upwardly of its upper edge.

The upper end of the trigger 64 is pivotally
mounted at 61 on a block 68 of the frame 3 and
which extends into the forward portion of the
I recess 66. A spring pressed plunger 69 which is
mounted in a recess 10 of the frame 13 and which

extends into the opening 65 bears against the

10 trigger 64 and urges it to spring forwardly within

the trigger guard 63,asil1ustrated in Figures 3

and 4. A sear bar, designated'generally H, is
disposed longitudinally in the recess 66 and is
pivotally connected at its forward end at 12 tothe
trigger 64', beneath and adjacent its pivot 8'3. The
sear bar H is provided near its forward end with

' an elongated clip receiving opening 13 and be

hind and adjacent thereto has an upstanding,

grooves 4| and which is provided with, rounded

rigid disconnector pin M which extends upwardly

receiving an extractor: 46 which is, pivotally

its underside with longitudinallyspaced notches

through an opening 15 in the bottom portion of

forward and rear ends, as best seen in Figures 2, 20
the receiver M. The frame :3 is provided with
3 and 4. As seen in Figure 5v the right-hand side
a hanger is which extends downwardly into the
of the bolt 25 is'provided with a longitudinally
recess 66, near the rear end thereof and through
extending groove 45 which extends to its forward 1
which the rear end portion of the sear bar H
end and laterally thereof into the recess GB for
25 loosely extends. Said sear bar H is provided in
mounted therein, intermediate of its ends on a pin

4'! which extends vertically through an opening

11 for receiving the'ends of an arcuate, leaf-type ,

spring 18, the intermediate portion of which is

bowed downwardly to rest uponthe bottom pore

48 of the bolt 25 and through an- opening 49 of

the extractor 56. The extractor 46 isv provided
with a laterally extending hook 59 at its forward 30 tion of the hanger F6 for urging the rear end of
the sear bar II upwardly. The sear bar H near
end which extends radially'inwardly of the for
its rear end is provided with a notch in its upper
ward end of the bolt 25 and into the depression
side forming a ramp surface 19'. A sear 80 is
40. The opposite, left-hand side of the bolt 25
pivotally mounted intermediate of its ends by a
is provided with a longitudinally extending rela
tively deep groove or channel 5! for slidably re

ceiving an ejector 52 which extends laterally in

wardly through an opening 53 in the left side of
the receiver 14, as seen in Figure 7, and which
has an upturned?ange 54 at its outer end which
engages a portion of the outer side of the re

' pin 8! on the hanger 16 above the sear bar H

and has an upwardly extending forward, end 132

which extends upwardly into or through an open
ing 83 in the bottom of the receiver 14. The

opposite end of the sear8? terminates in a down

40 turned portion 84 which normally engages the

ramp surface 19. A spring 85 which seats against

ceiver M and which is secured thereto by a
the
bottom of the receiver I4 and bears on the
fastening 55. The groove 51 extends from the
upper rear end portion of the sear 80 urges said
forward end of the bolt 25 and is of a depth so
sear to rock in a counterclockwise direction on its
that its bed portion opens into the depression
pivot 8! for urging the rear end portion 84 down
40 and the ejector 52 is of a length to extend to 45
wardly against the ramp surface 19 and the foradjacent the bed of the groove 5! so as to move
sear end 82 upwardly into the receiver I4.
into the depression 40 as the bolt 25 approaches - ward
A safety 86 extends transversely through the

its retracted position of Figure 2.

recess 66-, beneath the forward end of the sear

The hammer 26 is provided with a substantially
8t and has a cross bar 8'5 located beneath the
T-shaped forwardly opening recess 56 in its upper 50 sear 8E] and a knurled head 88 located on the outer
part and a groove 51 in the bottom part thereof
left-hand side of the frame l3. By rotating the
which opens outwardly of the forward end of the
catch 86 the crossbar 81 thereof will urge the
hammer 26 and which terminates intermediate
forward end of the sear 8i} upwardly and the sear
of the ends of said hammer to form a forwardly
bar H downwardly for locking the sear in a posi
facing shoulder 58. A ?ring pin 59 is provided
tion for engagement with the hammer so as to
with a T-shaped head 60 at its rear end which
prevent ?ring of the piston [2 when the safety
?ts into the hammer recess 56 and said ?ring pin
catch cross bar 81 is in an upright position rather
extends forwardly therefrom in the groove 38 and
than in a horizontal position, as illustrated in
has a depending flange M at its forward end
3 and 4.
which is reciprocally disposed in the deep cut 60 Figures
The grip portion of the frame [3 has a bore 89

groove portion 39 of the bolt 25. The ?ange 6i

of oblong cross section extending from the bot
terminates at its forward end and bottom edge in
tom thereof diagonally upwardly and forwardly
a forwardly extending pin portion 62 which pro-'-'
and opening into the recessv 66 and which aligns
jects into the depression 49, in its forwardmost
with an opening Qt in the bottom of the receiver
position of Figure 4. It will be readily apparent 65 M. The core 39' is adapted to receive a cartridge
that the hammer is nonrotatably connected to
clip 9| which is inserted therein from the lower
the bolt 25 by the ?ring pin 59 and the bolt 25
end of said here and which extends upwardly
is prevented from turning in the receiver M by
through the bore 849 through the recess 66 and
engagement of the ejector 52 with the bolt
70 opening 90 into the lower part of the receiver Hi.
groove 5|.
I
The clip 91 has a portion extending loosely
The frame [3 is provided in its forward portion
through th'eclip opening 13 of the sear bar H,
with an opening de?ning a trigger guard 63 in
which opening 73 is of sufficient length to allow
which the lower portion of a trigger 54 is swing
the clip bar 1! to reciprocate longitudinally in the
ably disposed. The trigger Eel extends upwardly
from the trigger guard E3 through an opening 65 75 recess 66 and relatively to the clip 9l. A spring

2,659,994

6 .

projected latch 92 which is pivotally mounted in

inclined forward surface 43 of the rib 42 will be

a recess 93 of the frame I3 and which has a hook

in engagement with the groove 23 of the ramp 19.

During this forward movement of the bolt 25, as

portion disposed beyond the lower end of the

frame i3, is normally held in a position with its
hook portion engaging the lower end of the clip
25 for retaining the clip in an applied position,
as illustrated in Figure 2. By manually swinging

previously stated, the hammer 26 will initially be

moved forwardly therewith under the biasing ac

tion of the main spring 37 but as the sear end 32
clears the rounded bolt surface 98 the sear spring
85 will rock the sear 8B counterclockwise on its
the clip latch 92 clockwise or to the left as seen
pivot 8| for projecting the sear end 52 upwardllr
in Figure 2, the clip ?ange 94 can be engaged for
removing the clip 9| for reloading the pistol l2. 10 through the opening 83 into the receiver I2 and
into the hammer recess 51 to engage the hammer
' The clip 9| differs from a conventional clip in
shoulder 58 so that the hammer 26 will be held in
that the sides thereof are slit longitudinally from
a partially retracted position by the sear end 82.
its upper, open end to provide strips 95 the rear
Thereafter, the forward movement of the bolt 25
edge portions of which are bent inwardly to pro
vide lips 96, for a purpose which will hereinafter 15 is accomplished by the pressure of the action
spring 35 only. As the bolt surface 98 clears the
become apparent.

disconnector pin Ed, the spring 73 will swing the

Assuming that the pistol I2 has just been
disconnector bar ll upwardly on its pivot 72 to
loaded with a clip 9| containing cartridges 9!
its position of Figure 3. As the bolt 25 moves
which are urged toward the open, upper end of
said clip by a conventional spring follower, not 20 forwardly relatively to the hammer 26 after the
hammer has been caught by the sear end 82, the
shown, as is common in ?rearm clips, and fur
?ring pin 59 will slide relatively to the groove 38
ther assuming that the bolt and hammer are in
in the deep portion 39 thereof so that the hammer
forward positions, as illustrated in Figure 4, the
pin flange {5! will move from its position of Fig
uppermost cartridge 9'3 will be held below the
ure 2 to its position of Figure 3 when the bolt has
open top of the clip 9| by engagement with the
reached its projected position and the hammer 26
bolt rib 42 which extends into the open top of the
is held in a cocked position. Approximately .003
clip 91. To initially load and cook the piece l2,
inch clearance exists between the bolt face and
the knob 34 of the action rod is grasped and
the barrel breach Ill and bushing i5 when the bolt
pulled rearwardly to its position of Figure 2. It
will be readily apparent that the bolt 25 and 30 25 is in a forwardmost position as the bed of the
recess 40 holds the cartridge rim tight against the
hammer 2G will be carried rearwardly therewith.
barrel breech to provide proper head space, as
As the hammer and bolt commence their rear
seen in Figure 3. When a rearward pull is then
ward movement the disconnector pin Id will be
exerted on the trigger 66, said trigger in swing
disposed in the hammer groove 57. As the ham
mer and bolt move rearwardly the rounded upper 35 ing rearwardly will displace the sear bar H rear
wardly from its position of Figure 3 to its position
end of the disconnector pin 14 will engage the
of Figure 4. As the sear bar ll moves rearwardly
rounded rear portion 98 of the bottom of the bolt
25 which will function as a cam for initially cam

the sear end 84 will ride up the sear bar ramp 79

to thereby cause the sear 86 to rock clockwise on

ming the disconnector pin 74 and sear bar I!
downwardly. Said parts are again cammed down 40 its pivot 8| so that the forward sear end 82 will
be drawn downwardly out of engagement with the
wardly by the forward rounded end of the bolt
hammer shoulder 53 thus releasing the hammer
recess i313 and held in a depressed position by the
which is then projected forwardly by the main
rib 42, as illustrated in Figure 2, as the bolt and
spring 3'! to its position of Figure 4, in which
hammer reach a fully retracted position and in
position the disconnector pin M is disposed in the
which position the sear end 82 is disposed in the
hammer recess 51. The ?ring pin 59 likewise
bolt recess 45 and the sear end 86 is out of en
moves forwardly with the hammer 26 and rela
gagement with the sear bar II. By then releas
tively to the bolt groove 38, 39 so that as the ham
ing the knob 34, the springs 35 and 31 will pro
mer approaches its fully projected position of
ject the bolt 25 and hammer 26 forwardly. As
the bolt 25 moves forwardly the forward end of 50 Figure 4 the pin portion 62 will strike and deto
nate the primer of the cartridge 9? for ?ring the
its rib 42 will engage the rear or rim end of the
piece. The recoil of the powder charge of the
uppermost cartridge 91 which has been raised by
cartridge 91 will force the bolt and hammer rear
the cartridge follower into the open upper end of
wardly to their positions of Figure 2, as previously
the clip 9! when the rib 42 was moved rearwardly
and out of engagement with the clip 9|. There 55 described heretofore in reference to the initial
loading of the piece and which therefore need not
after, said upper cartridge 91 will be carried for
be again described in detail. However, as the bolt
wardly with the bolt 25 and during its initial

movement will be displaced upwardly by engage

25 is propelled rearwardly by the recoil from the

powder charge, the cartridge case mil will be ex

ment of its rim with the inwardly curved lips 96
to thereby cause the rim of the cartridge 97 to 60 tracted from the chamber 99 by the extractor
hook 50 and carried rearwardly with the bolt 25
be displaced upwardly into the depression 40 of
until a portion of the rim of the cartridge case
the forward end of the bolt face and as the ogive
I!!!) strikes the stationary ejector 52 which is slid
portion of the cartridge or projectile moves into
ably engaged by the bolt groove 51 and which will
engagement with the groove 23 of the ramp I9,
which is disposed just forwardly of the forward, 65 kick the cartridge case I08 laterally of the re
ceiver l4 and outwardly through the ejector open
upper end of the clip 9!, so that said uppermost
ing lill in the right-hand side of said receiver id.
cartridge ill is displaced upwardly by the ramp I9
As the bolt moves rearwardly it engages the dis
and the inturned lips 95. As the cartridge rim
connector pin 14 to depress the sear bar H, as
portion moves upwardly into the bolt face de
pression all, a part of the rim will assume a posi 70 previously described, so that the sear bar (I is
held in its position of Figure 2 until the bolt and
tion behind the hook 50 of the extractor. The
hammer have returned to their positions of Fig
ramp l9 will guide the nose of the projectile into
ure 3. Accordingly, the trigger 64 must be allowed
the barrel chamber 99 so that when the bolt 25
to move forwardly under the action of the spring
reaches its forwardmost position, as seen in Fig

ure 3, the cartridge 91 will be chambered and the

pressed plunger 69 before the spring 78 can return

aged-994
7.
the rear end. of the sear bar II: to its position- of
Figure 3 and, from which the sear 801 can. be again
rocked out of engagement with the hammer

shoulder 58', thus preventing the piece H from- re

?ring automatically under the action of the spring
31. As previously stated, the safety catch 86 cari
be revolved 90 from its position of Figures 3 and

mounted on the action rod and disposed within

the receiver including springs individual to the

bolt and hammer for urging the bolt and ham
mer forwardly of the receiver toward the breach,
and a ?ring pin detachably connected to the ham~
mer and slidably engaging the bolt, said bolt,
hammer, spring means and ?ring pin being re->

movable as a unit with the action rod through

the rear end of the receiver when the plug is dis
prevent ?ring of the piece. The sides of the frame
13 are covered and closed by suitable check stocks 10 engaged therefrom.
2. In a ?rearm, a receiver having an open rear
I02 which are detachably secured to the sides of
end, a closure detachably connected to the rear
the frame I3.
7
end of the receiver, a bolt slidably mounted in the
By unscrewing the plug 24, the bolt, hammer,
receiver, a hammer slidably mounted in the re
action rod, action spring and main spring may be
removed as a unit for cleaning thus providing a 15 ceiver between the bolt and closure, an action rod
extending slidably through the closure and ham
weapon which may be readily assembled and dis-*
mer and having a forward end detachably s'e
assembled, and by removing the receiver 14 from
cured, in the bolt, spring means mounted on the
the frame it the remainder of the parts, c'on->
action rod and disposed in the receiver and in
tained within the recess 6% will be exposed. When
the piece i2 is constructed for ?ring large caliber 20 dividual to the bolt and hammer for urging the
bolt- andv hammer forwardly of the receiver and
ammunition a suitable bolt look, not shown, may
away from the closure, and a ?ring pin detachably
be provided for locking the bolt in its forward-I
connected to the hammer for sliding movement
most position until after the cartridge has been
therewith and having a forward portion slidably
?red.
engaging in and guided by the bolt, said closure,
Various modi?cations and changes are con
action rod, bolt, hammer, ?ring pin and spring
templated and may obviously be resorted to, with
means being removable from the receiver as a
out departing from the spirit or scope of the in->
unit through its open rear end when the closure
vention as hereinafter de?ned by the appended
is detached from the receiver, said hammer being
claims.
adapted to be released from a retracted cocked
I claim as my invention:
position. by a sear for sliding movement away
1. In a clip fed semiautomatic ?rearm, a re
from the closure and toward the bolt.
ceiver having an open rear end, a plug detach
MARION W. YALE.
ably connected to and closing the rear end of the
receiver, a bolt slidab-ly mounted for longitudinal
4 to lock the sear end 82 in a raised position to

References Cited in the ?le of this patent

movement in the receiver, a hammer mounted 35
for sliding movement in the receiver between the
UNITED STATES PATENTS
bolt and plug, said bolt and hammer being re
Number
Name
Date
movable from the receiver through its open rear
909,398
Gobel ____________ __ Jan. 12, 1909
end when the plug is disconnected. therefrom, an
1,083,872
Berthier __________ __ Jan. 6, 1914
action rod detachably connected at its forward 40 1,460,672
Hines _____________ __ July 3, 1923
end to said bolt and extending rearwardly there~
1,571,592
Loomis ____________ __ Feb. 2, 1926
from loosely through the hammer and plug and
2,049,776
Hyde _____________ __ Aug. 4:, 1936
having an exposed rear end located rearwardly of
the plug and adapted to be manually engaged for
retracting the bolt and hammer, spring means 45

2,296,242

Brewer __________ __ Sept, 22, 1942

2,464,427

Wilson __________ __ Mar. 15, 1949