GASEOUS CONTROL
TECHNOLOGIES
1) ABSORPTION
The
As
Absorbers
The
In
KEY TERMS
1. Absorbent: the liquid, usually water mixed
with neutralizing agents, into which the
contaminant is absorbed
2. Solute: the gaseous contaminant being
absorbed, such as SO2, H2S, and so forth
3. Carrier gas : the inert portion of the gas
stream, usually flue gas, from which the
contaminant is to be removed
4. Interface : the area where the gas phase and
the absorbent contact each other
5. Solubility : the capability of a gas to be
dissolved in a liquid
SPRAY
TOWER
Plate
Tower
PACKED
TOWER
BUBBLE
CAPPED TRAY
TOWER
2) ADSORPTION
Adsorption
1.
2.
3.
is used when
The pollutant gas is incombustible or
difficult to burn
The pollutant is sufficiently valuable to
warrant recovery
The pollutant is in very dilute
concentration in the exhaust system
The
Physical
Adsorption
Carbon
NonRegenerative
Carbon
Adsorption
System
PART-II
GASEOUS POLLUTION CONTROL
3) COMBUSTION
In
To summarize, Combustion is
defined
as
rapid,
hightemperature
gas-phase
oxidation.
Simply, the contaminant (a
carbon-hydrogen substance) is
burned with air and converted
to carbon dioxide and water
vapor.
Combustion
components
1. Fuel : -A solid, liquid or gaseous substance
with energy rich C-C or C-H bonds among
others, which are broken up during
combustion
2. Oxidant:- A substance which aids in
combustion process by breaking the
chemical bonds allowing the release of heat.
3. Diluent:- A substance that does not take
part in the combustion process but acts as
carrier of the fuel or the oxidants. Most
common diluents is Nitrogen present in
the air
I) FLARE OR
DIRECT FLAME COMBUSTION
Flare
Combustible
ADVANTAGES OF FLARE
DISADVANTAGES OF FLARE
4) INCINERATION OR AFTERBURNING
is method of reducing
gases, liquid and solid waste streams by
chemically altering the pollutant species
once they are formed.
It is used to remove combustible air
pollutants (gases, vapours or odours)
Incineration
I) THERMAL INCINERATION
+
Air
Important
considerations in Design of
thermal incinerators are the Three Ts
Time- residence time should be 0.2 to
0.8 sec with 0.5 sec as a reasonable
guideline
Temperature (refer next slide)
Turbulence- complete mixing is very
important in case of odour control than
hydrocarbons, Less residence time is
required if proper mixing occurs
Average temperature
range (0K)
Hydrocarbon oxidation
780 1030
Carbon monoxide
oxidation
950- 1060
750 - 980
Thermal
Incinerator
ADVANTAGES
Incinerators
II) RECUPERATIVE
INCINERATION
Whichever
ADVANTAGES
1.
2.
3.
DISADVANTAGES
Thermal
Industrial pollutant
Solvents
Average temperature
range (0K)
530 730
530 - 640
Catalyst
should be
Cheap
- Long lasting
- Should be able to function at required
temperatures.
- Capable of formed into variety of
shapes
Examples of catalyst are
Platinum
Palladium
-
Catalytic
Incinerator
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
THEORY QUESTIONS
Write short notes on
1. Absorption 2. Adsorption 3. Catalytic
incineration 4. Recuperation 5. Flare
6. Thermal incineration
A. Gaseous control of pollutants (note:- List all and
explain any one or two in detail)