A Case Study Report on Architectural Lighting And Acoustics

Architectural Lighting:
Light is a form of energy which causes the sensation of vision in human
eyes and is a fundamental to the quality of life.

Properties of light:
1. Light travels at the speed of 300000 km/sec(3*(10^8) m/sec)
2. Light is transparent in gases but opaque in solid.
3. Light travels in the straight line except when refracted in the medium.
Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical
or aesthetic effect which includes the use of both artificial light sources as
well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Proper lighting can
enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have
positive psychological effects on occupants.
Architectural lighting design focuses on three fundamental aspects of the
illumination of buildings or spaces.
aesthetic appeal of a building
ergonomic aspect: the measure of how much of a function the
lighting plays
energy efficiency

Light and architecture has a symbiotic relationship because

environments are best when light is embedded at the heart of the
architectural process.
Principle of Architectural Lighting:
light as a form of architecture
light aesthetic quality of architecture
flow of light as building material
to enhance quality of space
create psychological effects moods, coolness, warmness

Sources of Light:
a) Natural Light
i) Sun Light (Direct and Diffused Light)
ii) Candle lights, Kerosene and Tuki lamp
b) Artificial Light (Electric light):
1. Filament lamp
2. Fluorescent lamp (tube lamp)
3. Special lamp (sodium mercury discharge lamp)

A Case Study Report on Architectural Lighting And Acoustics

Natural Lighting:Daylighting is the practice of placing windows or other openings and

reflective surfaces so that during the day natural light provides effective
internal lighting. The sun is the main source of daylight.
A building receives light in various ways as shown in the figure below:1. Diffused or skylight through a window or opening.
2. Externally reflected (by the ground or the buildings) through the same
windows.
3. Internally reflected light from walls, ceiling or other surfaces.
4. Direct sunlight, along the straight path from the sun, through the
window to the given point.

Daylight Factor (DF):

Daylight factor is the indicator of the amount of daylight at a point
within a room. It is used in architecture and building design in order to
assess the internal natural lighting levels as perceived on the working
plane or surface, in order to determine if they will be sufficient for the
occupants of the space to carry out their normal duties.
A daylight factor is the ratio of internal light level to external light level and is
defined as follows:

DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100%

where, Ei = illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoors working plane,
Eo = outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane from an unobstructed sky.
There are three paths along which light can reach a point inside a room through a
glazed window, rooflight, or aperture, as follows:

Direct light from a patch of sky visible at the point considered, known as
the sky component (SC),
Light reflected from an exterior surface and then reaching the point
considered, known as the externally reflected component (ERC),
Light entering through the window but reaching the point only after
reflection from an internal surface, known as the internally reflected
component (IRC).

A Case Study Report on Architectural Lighting And Acoustics

The sum of the three components gives the illuminance level (lux) at the point
considered:

DF= SC + ERC + IRC

Types of Day Light:

a) Side Lighting (From Wall)
i) Unilateral

ii) Bilateral

iii) Trilateral

b) Top Lighting (From roof)

i) Unilateral

iv) Central

ii) Bilateral

iii) Atrium Skylight

v) Clearstory

A Case Study Report on Architectural Lighting And Acoustics

Factors to be considered while designing a building with respect to day

lighting are:

Shape & layout of the building

Location, shape and size of the openings
Orientation of the opening & the building
Design Sky Value

Artificial lighting:
Artificial lighting in a building is provided as supplementary to the
daylight, in temporary or permanent basis. it serves both the
decorative as well as functional purpose.

Types of Artificial Lighting:

i) Direct Light
About 90-100%light is received in Working
Plane.
ii)

Indirect Light
About 90-100% light is reflected
from ceiling.

iii) Semi Direct light

About 10-60% light is received by this system.

iv) Semi Indirect light

About 10-30% direct light and 60-90%
reflected light is received by this system.

A Case Study Report on Architectural Lighting And Acoustics

Sources of artificial lightings:

1.

Filament lamp(Incandescent lamp):

Luminous efficiency: 10 to 16 lux (lm/W)
Lumen output: 600 lumen for 40 watt
Working Hour: 1000 hours
Gives 5% light and 95 % heat.

2.Fluorescent lamp(tube lamp):

Luminous Efficiency: 40 to 70 lux(lumen/W)
Lumen output: 2400 lumen for 4o watt
Working Hour: 10,000 hours
Gives 21% light and 79% heat
3. Energy Efficient Lamp (CFL, LED etc)
Luminous Efficiency: 60 lux (lumen/W)
Lumen output:1400 lumen for 20 watt
Working Hour:15000 hours
Gives 90% light and 10% heat
4. Tungsten Halogen Light
Luminous Efficiency: 35 lux (lumen/W)
Working Hour: 4000 hours
Gives 14% light and 86% heat

Illumination Design:
S. No.Particular
1
Bed Room
2
Stair
3
Study
4
Kitchen
5
Garage
6
Entrance
7
Living Room
8
Table games
9
Bath Room
10
study

Illumination (lux)
200-300
100
150
200
70
100
150-200
300
100
300

A Case Study Report on Architectural Lighting And Acoustics