SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

CROSSING RUBBER, TUPI, SOUTH COTABATO

Course No.
Course Title
Credit
Instructor
Lecture Time
Room

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LAW 101
LAW ON OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS
3
RAZELLE S. MANCERAS
4:30 6:00 (TTh)
HRM LABORATORY

I. COURSE DESCRIPTION :
Law 101 is a pre-requisite subject that aims to develop and enhance the students understanding on the basics of Obligations and
Contracts. It is focused on the deeper encounter of laws bound in obligations and different forms of contracts.
II. COURSE RATIONALE:
This course will expose the students to the legal world as an introduction as well as equip the with basic principles on the Law of
obligations and contracts.
III. GENERAL OBJECTIVES :
At the end of the course, the students are expected to:
1. Explain the basic provision of Obligations and Contracts as well as the basic principles involved;
2. Relate these basic principles to real life situations;
3. Develop deeper interest on other law subjects.

IV. COURSE REQUIREMENTS and POLICIES:

1. Regular Attendance
2. Grading Components
40% - Quizzes
20% - Attendance, Assignments, Activity, Participations
40% - Examination
3. Classroom Activity
4. Library Works/ Research Works
V. LEARNING MODULES:

TIME
FRAME

Topics/ Subject Matter

Strategies/
Activities

Specific Objectives

Values, Social
Issues
Integration

Evaluation,
Enrichment
Activities, Output

PRELIM
Week 1

Introduction to Law
A. Obligations
-Meaning of Obligation
-Sources of Obligation
-Classification of
Obligation

At the end of the period, the

students should be able to:
1. Define the General Nature of
Law;
2. Enumerate different kinds of
laws;
3. Provide examples for each
kind of law
4. Discuss the different meanings
of obligation;
5. identify different sources of
obligation base in real life
situation;
6. distinguish right and wrong
obligation;

Topic Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Goal-oriented

Quizzes
Graded Oral
Participation

7. classify sources of obligation;

8. Deepen obligations derived
from law e.g., legal,
contractual, compliance in
good faith, and quasicontractual obligations.
TIME
FRAME
Week 2

Topics/ Subject Matter

B. Nature and Effect of
Obligation
-Meaning of Specific or
determinate thing
-Different Kinds of fruits
-Remedies of Creditor in
Real Obligation
-Meaning of Accessions
-Remedies of Creditor in
Positive Personal Obligation
-Remedies of Creditor in
Negative Personal
Obligation
-Meaning of Delay
-Grounds for Liability
-Responsibility arising from
fraud demandable
-Responsibility arising from
negligence demandable

Specific Objectives
1.

Strategies/
Activities

state the article emphasizing the

Topic Discussions
nature and effect of obligation;
Lecture
2. provide example of meaning of
Group Work
specific or determinate thing and
the otherwise;
3. discuss the different kinds of fruits
that a creditor has the right to
claim;
4. enumerate the remedies in real
obligation;
5. differentiate the meaning of
accessions and accessories;
6. discuss its connection to
obligation
7. provide remedies of creditor in
positive personal obligation
8. provide remedies of creditor in
negative personal obligation;
9. compare and contrast remedies
of creditor in positive and
negative personal obligation;
10. discuss the meaning of delay and
the laws bound with it;

Evaluation,
Enrichment
Activities, Output
Punctuality Quizzes
Attentiven Graded Oral
Participation
ess
Cooperati
on

Values, Social
Issues Integration

11. list down the grounds for liability;

12. analyze corresponding
responsibility arising from fraud;

TIME
FRAME
eek 3

Topics/ Subject Matter

-Meaning of fault or
Negligence
-Meaning of Fortuitous
Event
-Meaning of Simple Loan
or Mutuum
-Meaning of Presumption
- Remedies available to
creditors for the
satisfaction of their claims
- Transmissibility of Rights

Specific Objectives
1.

Strategies/
Activities

discuss the meaning of fault or

Topic Discussions
negligence;
Lecture
2. take into consideration the factors Group Work
of fault or negligence;
3. describe the role of fortuitous
event in connection with
obligation;
4. discuss the meaning and rules
attached in simple loan or
mutuum;
5. define presumption and its role in
obligation;
C. Different Kinds of
6. provide remedies available to
Obligations
creditors for the satisfaction of their
-Pure and Conditional
claims;
Obligation
7. Simplify the ways of transmissibility
-Obligations with a Period
of rights acquired in virtue of an
obligation.
8. enumerate the different kinds of
obligations;
9. differentiate pure and conditional
obligation;
10. discuss the laws bound in this
article;
11. define meaning of obligations with

Values, Social
Issues
Integration
Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

Evaluation,
Enrichment
Activities, Output
Quizzes
Graded Oral
Participation

a period;
12. Enumerate the kinds of period or
term;
13. Discuss the effect and benefits of
obligation in relation to period or
term.

TIME
FRAME
Week 4

Topics/ Subject Matter

-Alternative Obligations
-Joint and Solidary
Obligations
-Divisible and Indivisible
Obligations
-Obligation with a Penal
Clause

Specific Objectives
1.

2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.

identify the distinction of

alternative obligations to other

kinds of obligations already

discussed;
and so with joint and solidary
obligation;
present facts and elements in
relation to alternative obligations
and so with joint and solidary
obligations;
Discuss the legalities of these
obligations.
identify the distinction of divisible
and indivisible obligations to the
obligations already discussed;
and so with obligation with a
penal clause;
present facts and elements in
relation to divisible and
indivisible obligations and so

Strategies/
Activities
Topic Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Values, Social
Issues
Integration
Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

Evaluation,
Enrichment
Activities, Output
Quizzes
Graded Oral
Participation
Term
Examination

8.
Week 5

TIME
FRAME

with obligations with a penal

clause;
Discuss the legalities of these
obligations.
PRELIM EXAMINATION

Topics/ Subject Matter

Specific Objectives

Strategies/ Activities

Values, Social
Issues Integration

Evaluation,
Enrichment
Activities, Output

MIDTERM
Week 6
1. Extinguishment of
obligation
*General Provisions
1.a Payment or
Performance
1.a1 Application of
payments
1.a2 Payments by
cession
1.a3 Tender of
payment and
cosignation
2. Loss of the thing due

At the end of the period, the

students shall be able to:
1. Enumerate different ways
on how obligations are
extinguished;
2. Define payment and its
different roles to
extinguishment of
obligation;
3. Explain kinds of Payment
4. Discuss other ways of
extinguishment of
obligation, e.g. Loss of the
Thing Due; Condonation or
Remission of Debt;
Confusion or Merger of
Rights; Compensation; and
Novation.
5. Cite real life examples on

Topic Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

Quizzes
Term
Examination
Graded Oral
Participation

6.
7.

Week 7

3. Condonation or Remission
of Debt
4. Confusion or Merger of
Rights
5. Compensation
6. Novation

8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

TIME
FRAME
Week 8

Topics/ Subject Matter

D. Contracts
1. General Provisions
Determination of
Performance by a Third
Person

1.
2.

these ways of
extinguishment of
obligation.
discuss the consequences
of losing a thing due;
present the different forms
of loss and their
corresponding effects;
connect
define condonation or
remission of debt
discuss the function of this

section;

enumerate the reasons or

basis for confusion;

explain the effect of merger
in the person of principal
debtor or creditor.
define compensation in
their own words;
distinguish the different kinds
of compensation;
discuss the role of novation
in obligation

Topic Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Specific Objectives

Strategies/ Activities

define contract;
classify contracts
according to its name or
designation and so with
the rest of contracts

Topic Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

Evaluation,
Enrichment
Activities, Output

Values, Social
Issues Integration

Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

Quizzes
Graded Oral
Participation

Quizzes
Graded Oral
Participation

3.
1.

2.
4.

Week 9

classification;
form value judgment as to
which contract is effective
and humane.
discuss the role of
determination of
performance of a third
person;
explain possible effects
where determination is
inequitable;
sympathize to strangers or
third persons affected by
a contract
MIDTERM EXAMINATION

SEMIFINAL

2. Essential requisites of
contract

Week 10

Classes of Elements of a
contract
a. consent
b. objects of contracts
cause of contracts

At the end of the period, the

students are expected to:
1. Enumerate the essential
requisites of contract;
2. Explain the basic principles
and background of a
contract;
3. Persuade others the
requisites of reformation of
contracts
4. Discuss the necessity of
interpretation of contracts.
5. Define the meaning of
consent;
6. differentiate consent with

Topic Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

Quizzes
Term
Examination

Graded Oral
Participation

offer
7. discuss the concept of
objects of contracts
8. enumerate causes of
contracts

TIME
FRAME
Week 11

Week 12

Topics/ Subject Matter

3. Form of contract
Form for the
convenience of the
parties

4. Reformation of
contract
a. Principles of the
general law on
reformation
b. Ignorance on the part
of the third person
c. Cases when
reformation not

Strategies/
Activities

Specific Objectives
1. Identify Forms of Contracts;
2. Define each form of
Contract;
3. Discuss the functions of each
form of contract;
4. provide form for the
convinience of the parties;
5. cite reasons why there
contracts that must appear
in a public document
6. form sound judgment to
existing contacts that
appeared in a public
document
1. discuss the meaning of
reformation;
2. cite reasons of reformation;
3. enumerate requisites of
reformation
4. distinguish reformation from
annulment
5. discuss the principles of the
general law on reformation;
6. explain the effect of having a

Evaluation,
Enrichment
Activities, Output

Values, Social
Issues Integration

Topic
Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

Quizzes
Graded Oral
Participation

Topic
Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

Quizzes
Graded Oral
Participation

allowed
5. Interpretation of
contract

Week 13

TIME
FRAME
FINALS
Week 14

Week 15

mistake on one side;

7. narrate the consequence on
the part of the third person;
8. analyze cases when
reformation not allowed
9. discus the importance f
interpretation of contracts;
10. discuss the ways of
interpreting contracts;
11. interpret a contract
SEMI-FINAL EXAMINATION

Topics/ Subject Matter

6. Rescissible contracts
-nature of action for
rescission
-rescission creates
obligation of mutual
restitution
-contracts approved
by the courts

7. Voidable contracts

Strategies/
Activities

Specific Objectives
At the end of the period, the
students are expected to
1. Define rescissible contracts;
2. Cite cases of rescissible
contracts;
3. narrate reasons why there are
defective contracts
4. explain the nature of action
for rescission
5. discuss why rescission creates
obligation of mutual
restitution;
6. identify contracts approved
by the courts
1. Explain Voidable Contracts;
2. Compare and contrast
voidable contracts with

Values, Social
Issues Integration

Evaluation,
Enrichment Activities,
Output

Topic
Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

Quizzes
Term Examination
Graded Oral
Participation

Topic
Discussions

Punctuality

Quizzes
Graded Oral

3.

Week 16

-Ratification
-Effect of loss of thing
to be returned
-extinguishment of
action for annulment
8. Unenforceable
contract

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.

TIME
FRAME
Week 17

Topics/ Subject Matter

-Modes of ratification
under the statute
-Right of a party
where contract
enforceable
-when unenforceable
contract becomes a
voidable contract
8. Void or inexistent

unenforceable contracts;
form sound judgment which
contract is applicable to a
certain situation
define ratification;
discuss its connection with
voidable contracts;
further discuss the
extinguishment of action for
annulment
discuss the laws bound in
unenforceable contract;
utter the kinds of
unenforceable contracts
and should be able to
explain each kind;
elaborate meaning of
unauthorized contracts and
statute of frauds

Lecture
Group Work

Attentiveness
Cooperation

Topic
Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

Specific Objectives
1. identify the modes of
ratification;
2. clarify the rights of a party
where contract is
enforceable;
3. cite situations where
unenforceable contract are
voidable contract
4. Differentiate unenforceable
contracts with void or

Strategies/
Activities

Values, Social
Issues Integration

Topic
Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

Participation

Quizzes
Graded Oral
Participation

Evaluation,
Enrichment Activities,
Output

Quizzes
Graded Oral
Participation

contracts
5.
6.
Week 18

-Rules where contract is

illegal
-recovery where contract
is for illegal purpose
-effect of illegality where
contract divisible

1.
2.
3.
4.

inexistent contracts;
define void or inexistent
contracts;
discuss consequences of
having a void or inexistent
contracts
give elaboration to rules
where contract is illegal;
cite ways of recovery where
contract is for illegal purpose;
discuss effects of illegality
where contract divisible;
explain when a void contract
can not be novated

Topic
Discussions
Lecture
Group Work

Punctuality
Attentiveness
Cooperation

FINAL EXAMINATION

References:
Pasimio, Renato R. (2003). Obligations and Contracts. Quezon City, Philippines. Kalayan Press Marketing Entertainment Inc.
De Leon, Hector S. (2003). The Law on Obligations and Contracts. Manila, Philippines. REX Book Store, Inc..
Supreme Court Decisions/Jurisprudence

Quizzes
Graded Oral
Participation