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DRAFT TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT REPORT

Development of Multi Cargo Port


with

Supporting Utilities & Infrastructure Facilities,


Hazira, District - Surat, Gujarat

Prepared for

M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Limited


Hazira, District - Surat, Gujarat

Prepared by

Accredited EIA Consultant Organization


Certificate No: NABET/EIA/1011/011

Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited


PARRY House, 4th Floor,
No:2, N.S.C Bose Road, Chennai - 600 001
CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/103/04, February 2012

Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................... 11
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 11
1.2 Location of project site .............................................................................................. 12
1.3 Justification of the project site ................................................................................... 15
1.4 Need for EIA Studies................................................................................................. 15
1.5 Terms of Reference for Terrestrial EIA studies .......................................................... 16
1.6 EIA Study Methodology ............................................................................................ 16
1.7 Structure of the EIA report ........................................................................................ 17
2. Project Description .......................................................................................................... 19
2.1 General...................................................................................................................... 19
2.2 Multi Cargo Port Development An Overview ......................................................... 20
2.2.1 Coal Berth .......................................................................................................... 22
2.2.2 Container Berths ................................................................................................. 22
2.2.3 Liquid Berth ....................................................................................................... 22
2.2.4 Liquid Cargo Storage and Handling .................................................................... 23
2.2.5 Multi Cargo Berth, Handling and Storage Facilities ............................................ 25
2.2.6 Multi Cargo Berth (Automobile) ......................................................................... 25
2.3 Associated Infrastructures Development .................................................................... 26
2.3.1 Fire Safety .......................................................................................................... 26
2.3.2 Bunkering ........................................................................................................... 27
2.3.3 Buildings ............................................................................................................ 27
2.3.4 Dust Suppression systems ................................................................................... 27
2.3.5 Power ................................................................................................................. 27
2.3.6 Water Demand .................................................................................................... 28
2.3.7 Drainage system ................................................................................................. 29
2.3.8 Effluent Treatment Plant ..................................................................................... 29
2.3.9 Sewage Treatment Plant ...................................................................................... 29
2.3.10 Rail Connectivity and HT Power Transmission line .......................................... 30
2.3.11 International Ship and Port Facility Security ..................................................... 30
3.0 Description of Baseline Environment ............................................................................ 33
3.1 Topography of the study area..................................................................................... 33
3.2 Land Environment ..................................................................................................... 35
3.3 Soil Quality of the study area..................................................................................... 42
3.4 Water Environment ................................................................................................... 44
3.4.1 Ground Water Quality......................................................................................... 44
3.4.2 Surface Water Quality......................................................................................... 44
3.5 Regional Climatology and Meteorology .................................................................... 47
3.5.1 Sources of Information........................................................................................ 47
3.5.2 Observations ....................................................................................................... 49
3.5.3 On-Site Meteorology .......................................................................................... 49
3.6 Ambient Air Quality .................................................................................................. 53
CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/103/04, February 2012

Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

3.6.1 Selection of AAQ Monitoring Locations ............................................................. 53


3.6.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results and Discussions ................................ 56
3.7 Noise Environment .................................................................................................... 58
3.8 Biological Environment ............................................................................................. 60
3.8.1 Conditions during the survey period.................................................................... 60
3.8.2 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 62
3.8.3 Overview of the Survey Sites .............................................................................. 63
3.8.4 Flora of the Survey Area ..................................................................................... 65
3.8.5 Classification of the Vegetation .......................................................................... 68
3.8.6 People and Local Plant Biodiversity.................................................................... 69
3.8.7 Fauna of the Survey Area .................................................................................... 72
3.8.8 Protection Status of Higher Fauna ....................................................................... 78
3.8.9 Biodiversity Indices ............................................................................................ 79
3.8.10 Ecologically Important Sites ............................................................................. 79
3.8.11 Salient Findings of the Survey .......................................................................... 80
3.9 Existing Road and Traffic .......................................................................................... 80
3.10 Socio-Economic Environment ................................................................................. 82
3.10.1 Primary Survey ................................................................................................. 82
3.10.2 Secondary Socio economic details .................................................................... 89
4.0 Terrestrial Environmental Impact Assessment and Prediction ........................................ 92
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 92
4.2 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Aspects ................................................................... 93
4.3 Environmental Impact Assessment - Construction Phase ........................................... 94
4.3.1 Dredged Soils and Construction Debris Assessment............................................ 94
4.3.2 Construction Phase Air Quality Assessment ........................................................ 94
4.3.3 Noise Emission Assessment ................................................................................ 95
4.3.4 Wastewater Assessment ...................................................................................... 95
4.3.5 Solid/Hazardous Waste Assessment .................................................................... 96
4.3.6 Construction Phase Storm Water Runoff ............................................................. 96
4.3.7 Indirect Employment and Construction Workers Colony..................................... 96
4.4 Environmental Impact Assessment - Operational Phase ............................................. 97
4.4.1 Air Quality Impacts ............................................................................................ 97
4.4.2 Prediction of Impacts due to Handling of Bulk-Material (Coal) ......................... 103
4.4.2.1 Source of Fugitive Coal Dust ..................................................................... 103
4.4.2.2 Fugitive Coal Dust Control Program .......................................................... 103
4.4.2.3 Fugitive Coal Dust Emission Modeling ...................................................... 104
4.4.3 Noise Emissions and Impacts ............................................................................ 110
4.4.4 Environmental Impacts on Water Resources and Wastewater Discharges.......... 115
4.4.5 Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal Method ................ 117
4.4.6 Ecological and Biological Environmental Impacts ............................................ 118
4.4.7 Sociological and Cultural Impacts ..................................................................... 119
4.4.8 Impact on Road Traffic ..................................................................................... 119
4.5 Summary of Predicted Environmental Impacts ........................................................ 120
CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/103/04, February 2012

Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

5.0 Terrestrial Environment Management Plan .................................................................. 122


5.1 Construction Phase Environment Management Plan ................................................ 122
5.2 Operational Phase Environment Management Plan .................................................. 124
5.2.1 Air Quality Management Plan ........................................................................... 124
5.2.2 Noise Control and Abatement Plan ................................................................... 125
5.2.3 Wastewater Management .................................................................................. 126
5.2.4 Storm Water Management Plan......................................................................... 127
5.2.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management.......................................................... 127
5.2.6 Greenbelt and Plantation ................................................................................... 128
5.2.7 Community Development Plan ......................................................................... 131
5.2.8 Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring Program ................................................. 132
5.2.9 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Protection and Conservation......... 135
6.0 Additional Studies ....................................................................................................... 137
6.1 Public Consultation ................................................................................................. 137
6.2 Marine intake and outfall studies ............................................................................. 137
6.3 Risk Analysis .......................................................................................................... 137
6.4 Ship Simulation Study ............................................................................................. 138
6.5 Oil Spill Risk Analysis and Contingency plan.......................................................... 138
6.6 CRZ Study .............................................................................................................. 138
7.0 Project Benefits ........................................................................................................... 139
8.0 Summary and Conclusions .......................................................................................... 140

CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/103/04, February 2012

Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Project Location Map ........................................................................................ 13
Figure 2.1: Layout of Proposed Port 5 year Development ................................................. 21
Figure 2.2: Port Security System ......................................................................................... 32
Figure 3.1: Topography of the Study Area ........................................................................... 34
Figure 3.2: Satellite Imagery of the study area ..................................................................... 36
Figure 3.3: Land use Map (Level 1) with 10 Km Buffer Zone of Study Area ....................... 37
Figure 3.4: Level 1 Classification of Study Area in Percentage............................................ 38
Figure 3.5: Land use map (Level II) of 10km buffer zone of the study area ......................... 40
Figure 3.6: Level 2 Classification of the Study Area............................................................ 41
Figure 3.7: Soil Sampling Locations.................................................................................... 43
Figure 3.8: Water Sampling Locations ................................................................................ 46
Figure 3.9: Temperature variation during the study period................................................... 50
Figure 3.10: Relative Humidity variation during the Study Period ....................................... 51
Figure 3.11: Wind Rose Diagram for the Study Period (April to June 2011) ........................ 52
Figure 3.12: Wind Rose Diagram for Study Period Day time ............................................ 52
Figure 3.13: Stability Rose for the Study Period (April to June) .......................................... 53
Figure 3.14: Ambient Air Quality Locations in Study area (10 km Radius) ......................... 55
Figure 3.15: Noise Monitoring Locations ............................................................................ 59
Figure 3.16: Floral Species .................................................................................................. 71
Figure 3.17: Photographs of Floral Species in Study Area ................................................... 72
Figure 3.18: Photographs of Faunal Species in Study Area .................................................. 74
Figure 4.1: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of SO2 Due to Ship Emissions ........................................ 99
Figure 4.2: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of SO2 Due to Ship Emissions ...................................... 100
Figure 4.3: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of NOx Due to Ship Emissions ...................................... 101
Figure 4.4: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of NOx Due to Ship Emissions ...................................... 102
Figure 4.5: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of PM10 Due to Coal Dust Emissions ........................... 106
Figure 4.6: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of PM10 Due to Coal Dust Emissions ........................... 107
Figure 4.7: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of PM10 Due to Coal Dust Emissions ........................... 108
Figure 4.8: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of PM10 Due to Coal Dust Emissions ........................... 109
Figure 4.9: Predicted Noise Levels (dBA) ......................................................................... 113
Figure 4.10: Predicted Noise Levels (dBA) ....................................................................... 114
Figure 5.1: Green Zone Details of Proposed Hazira Port ................................................... 130

CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/103/04, February 2012

Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

List of Tables
Table 1.1: Environmental Settings of the Study Area........................................................... 14
Table 1.2: Details of Cargo & its capacity for Granted EC and Proposed for EC ................. 15
Table 2.1 Land-Breakup Details of the overall Port Development Plan................................ 19
Table 2.2: Liquid Cargo Tank Farm Development Plan ....................................................... 24
(Phase IB Immediate Development Year 2012-13/2017-18).......................................... 24
Table 2.3: Liquid Cargo Tank Farm Development Plan ....................................................... 24
(Phase IB Future Development Year 2018/19 onwards).................................................... 24
Table 2.4: Traffic Projection for the Port (MMT) During 2017-18 (5 years) ........................ 25
Table 2.5: Water Consumption Details in the Port Area (MLD).......................................... 28
Table 3.1: Data procured for Land use / Land cover ............................................................ 35
Table 3.2: Level 1 Classification of the Study Area ............................................................. 38
Table 3.3: Level 2 classification of the study area is detailed below..................................... 39
Table 3.4: Soil Sampling Locations ..................................................................................... 43
Table 3.5: Water Quality Monitoring Stations ..................................................................... 45
Table 3.6: Indian Meteorological Department Climatological Tables................................ 48
Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ........................................................ 55
Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality Results (98th percentile values) ......................................... 56
Table 3.9: Measured Noise Results...................................................................................... 60
Table 3.10: Surveyed Villages ............................................................................................. 82
Table 3.11: Village household and sample size.................................................................... 83
Table 3.12: Stratification of the members of households in terms of gender and age............ 84
Table 3.13: Principal source of livelihood of the respondents .............................................. 85
Table 3.14: Literacy status of the respondents ..................................................................... 85
Table 3.15: Health Infrastructure ......................................................................................... 86
Table 3.16: Anganwadi in villages ...................................................................................... 87
Table 3.17: Infrastructure at village level ............................................................................ 88
Table 3.18: Population Details ............................................................................................ 89
Table 3.19: Vulnerable Community Population Details ....................................................... 90
Table 3.20: Village wise details of Occupational Pattern in the Study Area ......................... 90
Table 3.21: Health Infrastructure in the Study Area ............................................................. 91
Table 4.1: Typical Hourly Meteorological Data of the Project Site (May 2011) ................... 98
Table 4.2: Typical Water Balance ..................................................................................... 116
Table 4.3: Solid and Hazardous Wastes Generated and their Management ........................ 118
Table 4.4: Summary of Predicted Environmental Impacts ................................................. 120
Table 5.1: Budgeted Expenditure for CSR and Community Development Activities ......... 132
Table 5.2: Environmental Monitoring Program during Operation Phase ............................ 133

CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/103/04, February 2012

Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

List of Annexure
Annexure 1: Application for Diversion of Forest Land
Annexure 2: Copies of Earlier Environmental, CRZ Clearances and its Compliance report
Annexure 3: Soil Quality and Dredged Soil Analysis Report
Annexure 4: Water Quality Analysis Report
Annexure 5: Ambient Air Quality Report
Annexure 6: Noise Level Monitoring Report

List of Appendices
Appendix 1:

Report on Marine intake and outfall Studies

Appendix 2:

Risk Assessment Report

Appendix 3:

Ship Maneuvering Study Report

Appendix 4:

Oil Spill Contingency Plan

Appendix 5:

CRZ Study Report

CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/103/04, February 2012

Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

Abbreviations
AHPPL

Adani Hazira Port Private Limited

AAQ

Ambient Air Quality

AAQM

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

NH3

Ammonia

As

Arsenic

BDL

Below Detectable Limit

C6H6

Benzene

BaP

Benzo-pyrene particulate

BOD

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

CO2

Carbon dioxide

CO

Carbon monoxide

CEC

Cation Exchange Capacity

CPCB

Central Pollution Control Board

COD

Chemical Oxygen Demand

CMSRSL

Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited

CD

Coastal Depth

CRZ

Coastal Regulation Zone

CSR

Corporate Social Responsibility

dB

Decibel

DFC

Dedicated Freight Corridor

DMIC

Delhi - Mumbai Industrial Corridor

DOC

De-oiled Cake

DG

Diesel Generator

ETP

Effluent Treatment Plant

EC

Environmental Clearance

EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP

Environment Management Plan

Leq

Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level

EAC

Expert Appraisal Committee

FRM

Fertilizer Raw material

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GLC

Ground Level Concentration

CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/103/04, February 2012

Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

GDFE

Gujarat Department of Forest and Environment

GMB

Gujarat Maritime Board

GSEG

Gujarat State Energy Generation Limited

GPCB

Gujarat State Pollution Control Board

HPPL

Hazira Port Private Limited

HFO

Heavy Fuel Oil

Ha

Hectares

HTL

High Tide Line

HH

Household

IS

India Standard Specifications

IMD

Indian Meteorological Department

IRS

Indian Remote Sensing Satellite

ISCST

Industrial Source Short-term Air Quality Model

ICD

Inland Container Depot

ISPS

International Ship and Port Facility Security

KVA

Kilo Volt-Ampere

km

Kilometer

kmph

Kilometers per hour

KW

Kilowatt

kWh

Kilowatt hour

KRIBHCO Krishak Bharati Cooperative Limited


L&T

Larsen and Toubro

Pb

Lead

LISS

Linear Imaging Self Scanning

LNG

Liquefied Natural gas

LTL

Low Tide Line

MT

Metric tonnes

MLD

Million Liters per Day

MMTPA

Million Metric Tonnes per Annum

MTEU

Million tonnes per Annum Equivalent

MoEF

Ministry of Environment and Forests

MPSEZL

Mundra Port and Special Economic Zone Private Limited

NAAQS

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/103/04, February 2012

Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

NH

National Highway

NRSA

National Remote Sensing Agency

NTPC

National Thermal Power Corporation

Ni

Nickel

OM

Office Memorandum

ONGC

Oil and Natural Gas Corporation

OISD

Oil Industry Safety Directorate

O&M

Operation and Maintenance

NOX

Oxides of Nitrogen

O3

Ozone

PM

Particulate Matter

PHC

Primary Health Centre

QCI

Quality Council of India

RF

Reserved Forest

R&R

Resettlement and Rehabilitation

RO-RO

Roll-on/Roll-off

SC

Scheduled Castes

ST

Scheduled Tribes

STP

Sewage Treatment Plant

SAR

Sodium Absorption Ratio

SO2

Sulphur dioxide

SOI

Survey of India

TIFF

Tagged Image File Format

TOR

Terms of Reference

TDS

Total Dissolved Solids

USEPA

United States Environmental Protection Agency

WTP

Water Treatment Plant

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Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

1. Introduction
1.1 Background
M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Limited (AHPPL) has been promoted by Mundra Port and
Special Economic Zone Limited (MPSEZL) as a separate company for Development,
Construction, Operation, Maintenance of Multi-Cargo Port and related infrastructure at
Hazira Port. The port was conceived as part of a concession agreement signed between
Hazira Port Private Limited (HPPL, promoted by SHELL Company) and Gujarat Maritime
Board (GMB). The development of Hazira Port was originally planned by SHELL Company
as Phase 1A and 1B.

Coastal Regulation Zone Clearance (CRZ) and Environmental Clearance was issued by
Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India MoEF vide letter No. J16011/11/2003-IA-III on 26th June 2003 followed by amendments made to previous
Environmental Clearance dated 19th February, 2007 for Phase 1A and Phase 1B. HPPL made
an application to MoEF dated 11th February 2011 for transfer of CRZ and Environmental
Clearance to AHPPL.

Phase 1A was already been developed for handling LNG cargo by HPPL. While developing
approved Phase 1B, AHPPL is seeking EC for minor alteration in basin, liquid cargo
handling with storage facilities, other dry and general cargo, Ro-Ro terminal for automobile
handling, deepening of channel and supporting infrastructure facilities with additional arterial
road network connecting to NH-6 and internal road, rail connectivity to all terminals and HT
Power Transmission line.

As per 15 year Master Plan of AHPPL, Adani Hazira Port shall have 12 multipurpose berths
which consist of Container berth (4 Nos), Coal berth (2 Nos), other dry bulk cargo berth (2
Nos), Liquid berth (3 Nos) and Automobile berth (1 Ro-Ro berth). Phase 1B which is part of
first 5 year development plan includes 7 berth such as Container berth (2 Nos), Coal berth (1
No), Liquid berth (1 No), Multipurpose berth (3 No). The other development includes
deepening and maintenance of channel, basin and jetty sites with (-) 15 m CD draft, back-up

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Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

facilities like container yard, rail sidings, rail and truck loading facilities, sea water intake and
marine outfall facilities.

The project proponent has submitted an application to MoEF along with draft Terms of
Reference (TOR) for approval during February 2011. Based on the 98th Expert Appraisal
Committee meeting held on 3rd to 4th March, 2011, MoEF has issued Terms of Reference
(TOR) for the proposed project dated 7th April, 2011. AHPPL appointed Cholamandalam MS
Risk Services Limited (CMSRSL), a QCI Accredited EIA consulting organization for
undertaking Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi Cargo Port with Supporting
Utilities & Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District-Surat, Gujarat. CMSRSL has undertaken
the Terrestrial EIA Studies due to changes in Port Development Plan, capacity enhancement
of infrastructure facilities at the AHPPL and studied impact related to terrestrial component
(excluding marine components) and prepared the Terrestrial EIA report as per approved TOR
issued by MoEF to seek prior Environmental Clearance for the proposed Port Development
Project.

1.2 Location of project site


AHPPL is situated in the west coast of India and located at a distance of

25km

from

the

Surat City in the State of Gujarat and at 130 nautical miles north of Mumbai. Surat Railway
Station is major rail network junction located at a distance of 25 km and NH-6 connected to
AHPPL (connecting Visarwadi, Gujarat and Deori, Chhattisgarh). Hazira village is the
nearest habitation located at a distance of 2.0 km towards North direction from the port area.
The nearest airport, Surat Airport is located at a distance of 40 km by road and 13 km by
aerial distance from the port.

The project site is located in Hazira area and surrounded by Tapti River in the East and the
Arabian Sea in the West. The area is characterized by marshy lands and water bodies like,
Estuaries and Rivers and planted Forest Land located adjacent towards Eastern side of the
project area. Total project has approximately 853.27 hectares out of which green belt area
covers 81.27 hectares. The project proponent has submitted applications to the Deputy
Conservator of Forests, Vyara Forest Division, District-Surat for diversion of forest land of
about 376.64 Ha for the project. The copies of the relevant communications are enclosed as
Annexure-1.
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Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

Project location map is shown in Figure 1.1 and Environmental setting of the study area is
given in Table 1.1.
Figure 1.1: Project Location Map
Gujarat State Map

Gujarat State

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Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

Table 1.1: Environmental Settings of the Study Area


S. No.
1
2
3
4

Particulars
Latitude
Longitude
Elevation above MSL
Climatic conditions
(Annual as per IMD-Surat)

Site specific climatological


data (Pre-monsoon season
2011)

6
7
8
9

Nearest Highway
Nearest Railway station
Nearest Air Port
Reserve Forest

10

Ecologically sensitive zones

11
12

Archaeological monuments
Water bodies

13
14

Defence Installations
Major Industries within 15
km radius

15
16

Nearest Port
Seismic Zone

CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/103/04, February 2012

Details
21 0358 to 21 07 44 N
72 o 35 00 to 72 o 3900 E
7m
Annual Mean Max Temp: 37.20C
(Summer)
Annual Mean Min Temp: 17.10C (Winter)
Annual Total Rainfall: 1288.8 mm
Predominant Wind Direction : SW, NE
Maximum Temperature: 39 0C
Minimum Temperature: 19 0C
Predominant wind direction: SW, WSW and
W
NH-6, < 1km, E
Surat R.S , 25 km, NE
Surat,13 km (Aerial), NE
Dumas RF, 7.6 km, E
Hazira Mangroves Forest 7 km, NE
Mindhola Estuary, 8 km, SE
Tapti Estuary, 2.7 km, E
Suvali Beach, 8 km NNW
Dumas Beach, 7 km, E
Villages of Rajgiri and Suwali having richer
Biodiversity (about 9 km, N)
Nil in 15 km Radius
Arabian sea <1 km, S
Tapti river, 5 km, NE
Mindhola River, 10 km, SE
Nil in 15 km radius
1)
SHELL LNG Terminal, <1 km NW
2)
ESSAR Steel Ltd, 2.5 km, N
3)
ESSAR Power Ltd, 2.5 km, N
4)
Cairn Energy, 10 km, N
5)
Reliance Industries, 9 km, NE
6)
L & T industries, 7 km, NNE
7)
NTPC, 10 km, NE
8)
KRIBHCO, 11 km, NE
9)
ONGC, 13 km, NE
Dahej, 71 km, Northern side
Zone-III as per IS-1893 (Part-I): 2002
Least prone zone
o

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Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

1.3 Justification of the project site


The port is being developed based on the traffic forecast prepared by AHPPL up to 2026-27.
The volume of cargo handling is expected to touch 31.15 MMTPA during 2017-18 and will
reach the ultimate capacity of 84.10 MMTPA during 2026-27. The types of cargos to be
handled are Coal, Fertilizer & FRM, Liquid, Steel, De-oiled Cake, Automobile, Containers.
The port once operational will contribute significantly to the national economy due to the
Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) that are
expected to handle huge volume of traffic at Western Ports of India. In addition, to this,
Gujarat GDP also has shown robust growth contributing the overall development of the state
making the site as an advantage location. The details of the inventory are proposed to be
handled that are presented in the following Table 1.2.

Table 1.2: Details of Cargo & its capacity for Granted EC and Proposed for EC

S. No.

Type of Cargo

1
2
3
4
5
6

Containers
Coal
Steel
Other Dry Bulk
Automobiles
Liquid Bulk
Total

Proposed Capacity
expected to Handle
during 2017-18
(MMTPA)
14.4
10.4
1.0
3.3
0.1
1.95
31.15

Proposed capacity
to handled, 2026
(MMTPA)
36.0
36
1.3
5.4
0.4
5.0
84.1

1.4 Need for EIA Studies


As per EIA Notification 14th September, 2006, development of Ports, Harbours, breakwaters,
dredging exceeding greater than or equal to 5 Million Tons per Annum (MTPA) of cargo
handling capacity need to obtain prior Environmental Clearance before development. As
discussed in the previous sections, the multi-cargo port has obtained EC during 2003 and the
contents of EC amended in 2007 including increase in number of berths for development of
11 berthing facility. Now the proposal is seeking environmental clearance for minor
alteration in basin, liquid cargo handling along with storage facilities, other dry and general
cargo, Ro-Ro terminal for automobile handling, the dredging up to -15.0m CD, supporting

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Terrestrial EIA studies for Development of Multi-Cargo Port with Supporting Utilities and
Infrastructure Facilities, Hazira, District Surat, Gujarat M/s. Adani Hazira Port Private Ltd

infrastructure facilities along with additional arterial road network connecting to NH6 and
internal road, rail connectivity to all terminals.

1.5 Terms of Reference for Terrestrial EIA studies


MoEF issued TOR for the proposed project dated 7th April 2011 based on 98th EAC meeting
held on 3rd to 4th March 2011. The approved TOR for conducting Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) studies to obtain Environmental Clearance for the Development of MultiCargo Port with supporting utilities and infrastructure facilities is listed below. Compliance
against Terms of Reference issued by MoEF vide letter No. F.No.11-150/2010. IA-III dated
7th April 2011 for preparation of EIA report. The details of earlier environmental clearances
existing AHHPL facilities and its compliance reports are enclosed as Annexure-2.

1.6 EIA Study Methodology


Detailed review of the feasibility report, Environmental Clearance Letter issued by MoEF
during 2003, 2007 for the proposed project have been carried out. 10 km radius of study area
was marked using latitudes and longitudes of the project site. For all major environmental
components, primary data was generated and compared with available historical/published
information for assessment of various environmental components to develop Environmental
Management Plan.

Land use pattern was mapped within 10 km radius from the proposed AHPPL site using GIS
II remote sensing maps followed by ground truth verification. Baseline monitoring program
was undertaken during pre-monsoon 2011 to establish the background air quality, ground
water and marine water quality, soil quality, noise levels in the study area. Site specific
meteorological data was collected during study period from the permanent weather station
installed at AHPPL site. Ecology and biodiversity studies were carried out for terrestrial part
of the study area. Field Survey was undertaken to develop socio-economic profile of the
study area and was compared with published census data to develop socio-economic profile
of the study area. A detailed review on the possible environmental discharges such as liquid
and solid wastes was undertaken. Impact Assessment of various environmental components
have been carried out using standard EIA tools and techniques with appropriate input of
primary and secondary baseline data to determine the significance of the impact. Various

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activities that are envisaged during construction and operation phase of the proposed project
were evaluated for its significance. Based on the impact, suitable environmental management
plan was developed to mitigate the pollution. Risk assessment study, oil spill contingency
plan, emergency response plan are also prepared for the proposed project.

1.7 Structure of the EIA report


This environmental impact assessment study report is organized into eight sections and all
relevant aspects as per MoEF guidelines and EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent
amendments thereon has been addressed in this report.

Section 1 details about the Introduction, project back-ground, justification of project site,
approved TOR, EIA methodology adopted for conduction of EIA studies

Section 2 presents project description of Multi-cargo port along with utilities and supporting
infrastructure facilities.

Section 3 describes about the existing baseline environmental conditions of the study area of
10km radius from the project site. Various Environmental Components such as air quality,
water quality, noise levels, micrometeorological information, ecological and biological
aspects and socioeconomic details have been presented. This information has been used for
predicting the cumulative positive and negative environmental impact arises during the
construction and operational phases of the proposed activities.

Section 4 of the report discusses about the residual environment impact during operation of
the facility. Environmental Impact Assessment was made using modeling techniques,
mathematical model taking in to account of baseline parameters. Potential environmental
impacts have been assessed to establish the need for any additional risk mitigation measures
if required. Based on the findings of the study, site specific environmental management plan
have been developed.

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Section 5 describes about proposed Environmental Management Plan to be implemented


during construction and operation stages of project. It also describes post project monitoring
plan to be conducted under various stages and reporting procedures.

Section 6 presents the additional studies conducted such as Public Consultation, CRZ study,
additional EIA study for Multi Cargo Port supporting utilities, marine intake and outfall
studies, Risk Assessment studies, Oil Spill Risk Analysis and Contingency Plan and Ship
Simulation Study.

Section 7 presents the project benefits.

Section 8 presents Summary and Conclusions

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2. Project Description
2.1 General
M/s. AHPPL proposed to develop the port in two phases under Phase 1B such as first 5 year
(2012-2017) and future development. First 5 year development includes construction of berth
such as Container berth (2 Nos), Coal berth (1 No), Liquid Berth (1 No), Multipurpose berth
(3 No). The other associated development includes deepening and maintenance of channel,
basin and jetty sites with (-) 15 m CD draft, back-up facilities like container yard, rail sidings,
rail and truck loading facilities, sea water intake and marine outfall of effluent combined with
desalination plant rejects disposal and shifting of NIKO effluent pipeline and identification
of disposal site. The land break-up details of the overall Port Development Plan is shown in
Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Land-Breakup Details of the overall Port Development Plan


S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Area Description
Total Area in Hectares
Container Freight Station Area
90.82
Coal Stack yard Area
112.44
Warehouse Area/CFS Area
68.49
Automobile PDI Area
32.61
Steel Yard Area
13.00
Liquid/Bulk Cargo Storage Area
51.26
Container Back-up Area
61.87
Dry Cargo Godowns Area
14.53
Road Area
94.25
Railway Area
81.82
Port Workers Amenity Center Area
20.51
Steel and Project Cargo Assembling Area
13.00
Truck Parking Area
33.42
Green Belt
81.27
Land for Future Development for SHELL
20.00
Probable Reclamation Area towards South Side
84.00
Total
873.27

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2.2 Multi Cargo Port Development An Overview


Multi Cargo Port at Hazira comprising of 7 berths with utilities and supporting infrastructures
such as roads, rail connectivity, power, water supply, communication network, fire fighting
system, liquid and solid waste collection and treatment, drainage system are proposed.
Figure 2.1 shows Layout Plan for proposed Port Development for first 5 year period. The
proposed Adani Hazira Port limits are given below.
Reference Points
A1
A2a
A2b
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U

Latitude
21o 07 42 N
21o 07 42 N
21o 06 42 N
21o 04 24 N
21o 04 00 N
21o 04 35 N
21o 03 58 N
21o 04 52 N
21o 05 26 N
21o 05 05 N
21o 05 10 N
21o 05 27 N
21o 05 36 N
21o 05 59 N
21o 06 02 N
21o 06 07 N
21o 06 17 N
21o 06 17 N
21o 06 27 N
21o 06 27 N
21o 06 32 N
21o 06 39 N
21o 06 42 N
21o 06 47 N
21o 06 54 N
21o 06 58 N
21o 07 03 N
21o 07 09 N
21o 07 44 N

Longitude
72o 36 42 E
72o 35 54 E
72o 35 00 E
72o 35 00 E
72o 37 00 E
72o 37 35 E
72o 38 20 E
72o 39 00 E
72o 39 00 E
72o 38 19 E
72o 38 20 E
72o 38 14 E
72o 38 03 E
72o 37 53 E
72o 37 51 E
72o 37 51 E
72o 37 43 E
72o 37 43 E
72o 37 41 E
72o 37 41 E
72o 37 40 E
72o 37 42 E
72o 37 42 E
72o 37 39 E
72o 37 37 E
72o 37 35 E
72o 37 45 E
72o 37 54 E
72o 37 53 E

Source: Gujarat Government Gazette, Vol. LI, 19th March 2010/PHALGUNA 28/1931

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Figure 2.1: Layout of Proposed Port 5 year Development

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2.2.1 Coal Berth


It is proposed to have one dedicated coal berth of capacity 10.4 MMTPA by the end of year
2017-2018. Predominantly, imported coal would be handled using Grab Unloaders. The
unloaded coal would then be transferred to stack yard using conveyor systems. The coal will
be stored and recovered in the stack yard using stacker and reclaimer equipment for loading
into rail wagon and truck for onward transportation to the end user. To mitigate fire hazards,
the terminal is proposed to have dedicated fire fighting facilities and dust suppression
systems for controlling fugitive dust emissions. In addition to this, safety and security
systems with adequate environment protection measures have also been proposed.

2.2.2 Container Berths


Container berth is expected to handle 3.00 million TEU by the end of the year 2017-18 and
the number of berths proposed is 2. The berth is proposed to have container yard, container
rail yard, Separate yard for Hazardous and Damaged Containers, Reefer Yard, Container
Handling Equipments, Enclosure Fencing. The major equipments are proposed in the berth
are Rail Mounted Quay (Gantry) Cranes to handle container vessels, Rubber Tyred Gantry
Cranes for Container Yard Operations, Rail Mounted Gantry Cranes for container rail
operations. Each berth will be connected with rail yard for handling ICD traffic and consists
of four lines each.

2.2.3 Liquid Berth

One Liquid Terminal is proposed to handle the liquid volume of 1.95 million Tons during
2017-18. The berth will be connected with terminal through multi-tier pipe rack with
adequate loading and unloading arrangements. To meet any eventualities, fire fighting
systems as per statutory norms shall be provided. In the initial phases of port operations,
liquid cargo is proposed to be handled in multipurpose berths having provision of pipeline
manifold Cargo would be unloaded through pipeline manifold and transferred to dedicated
tank farm through pipelines. Imports from ships are usually handled through ships pumps
while for export from tank farm to ships, dedicated export pumps would be installed in pump
house inside liquid tank farm. Tanker loading and unloading facilities are planned inside
liquid tank farm.
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2.2.4 Liquid Cargo Storage and Handling


Suitable liquid cargo storage (tank farm) will be developed at about 3 km away from berths
within the port premises. The Tank farm implementation is planned phase-wise and
implementation of phases as under: 1. Phase 1B immediate development will be taken up
during 2012-13/2017-18 and 2. Phase IB future development will be taken up from 201819 onwards.
The Total Tank farm Storage Facility at the end of the Final Phase would be close to 0.8
million KL capacity for Chemicals, petrochemicals, POL, Base Oil, Non-Classified Oils and
Edible Oils.
All the Multipurpose Berths have provision for Ship loading/unloading facilities with
requisite pipeline manifold. Depending on market conditions, an exclusive liquid berth would
also be built as per Master Plan. However multipurpose berths would continue to service
liquid cargo vessels in case of bunching of vessels. In initial phase of operations, dock lines
are planned from multipurpose berths to liquid tank farm. The dock lines in the berths would
not create hindrance to operations of multipurpose cargoes on these berths.. Initially 5 dock
lines are planned to be laid and would be suitably increased to meet market demands. Out of
5 dock lines, one is 10 SS-316 and remaining 4 pipelines are 12 CS lines. More lines would
be added in multipurpose berths in the future with interconnectivity to proposed tank farms
and future tank farms. Tank farms have provision for vapour recovery system for some of the
chemical products.
The pipelines from multipurpose berths to tank farm are planned in the pipeline corridor
dedicated for Chemicals/Petrochemicals/POL/EO including provision for future lines to
future tank farm. Configurations of the storage capacity tanks proposed for liquid storage
terminal is Table 2.2 and Table 2.3.

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Table 2.2: Liquid Cargo Tank Farm Development Plan


(Phase IB Immediate Development Year 2012-13/2017-18)
Type of Cargo

Phase IB
(2012-13 /
2017-18)

Chemical
(Acetone, Acrylonitrile,
Benzene, Ethanol,
Ethylene, Methanol, Motor
Spirit/ Naptha, N Hexane,
Diesel / Kerosene, Styrene,
Toluene, Xylene, Aniline,
Ethylene Acetate, Methyl
Isobutyl Ketone, Acetic
Acid) /
Petrochemicals / Base Oils
/ POL Products / Edible Oil
/ Non-Classified Oils

Total

Enclosure
No. & Capacity
1-29,500 KL
2-38,000 KL

Configurations of Storage Tanks


No. Of
Tanks
9

Capacity
(KL)
500

Total
(KL)
4,500

14

1,000

14,000

10

1,500

15,000

17

2,000

34,000

18

3,000

54,000

10

7,200

72,000

3-27,000 KL
4A-28,800 KL
4B-43,200 KL
4C-27,000 KL

193,500 KL

Note: Few of the tanks would have floating roof arrangements.


Table 2.3: Liquid Cargo Tank Farm Development Plan
(Phase IB Future Development Year 2018/19 onwards)
Type of Cargo

Phase IB
2018-19
onwards

Chemical
(Acetone, Acrylonitrile,
Benzene, Ethanol,
Ethylene, Methanol,
Motor Spirit/ Naptha, N
Hexane, Diesel /
Kerosene, Styrene,
Toluene, Xylene,
Aniline, Ethylene
Acetate, Methyl Isobutyl
Ketone, Acetic Acid) /
Petrochemicals / Base
Oils / POL Products /
Edible Oil / NonClassified Oils

Enclosure
No. & Capacity
5-15,500 KL
6-24,500 KL
7-16,500 KL
8-40,000KL
9-40,000KL
10-29500KL
11-42,000KL
12-27,000KL
13-60,000KL
14-60,000KL
15-20,500KL
16-23,500KL
17-23,500KL
18-48,000KL
19-48,000KL

Total

532,000 KL

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Configurations of Storage Tanks


No. Of
Tanks
10

Capacity
(KL)
500

Total (KL)
5,000

32

1,000

32,000

26

1,500

39,000

26

2,000

52,000

36

3,000

108,000

40

5,000

200,000

16,000

96,000

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2.2.5 Multi Cargo Berth, Handling and Storage Facilities

The multipurpose berths are proposed for handling break bulk cargo viz. steel plates, pipes,
coils, pellets etc., dry bulk cargo such as De-oiled Cakes (DOC), Soya, Fertiliser Raw
Material, Coal etc. and liquid cargo. The multipurpose berths are designed in such a manner
that it can be converted to container terminal in future based on the market conditions. The
multi Cargo berths are equipped with the facilities that can handle coal/liquid cargo in
environmental compatible manner with minimum fugitive emissions. It is proposed to have at
least 2 multipurpose berths to handle the volume of 4.3 MMTPA by the year 2017-18.
2.2.6 Multi Cargo Berth (Automobile)

The berth will be developed along with link span be designed consists of Ro-Ro facility to
accommodate the future demand of both national and international containers, tankers and
projected cargo on chassis. The width of the berth is proposed to provide flexibility of
operations for multi-purpose berth. It is expected that the terminal will handle the Automobile
cargo of 0.1 million MT during 2017-18. The berth will be designed with RO-RO facility and
number of berth proposed is one. Overall summary of the traffic projection during 2017-18 is
shown in the Table 2.4.

Table 2.4: Traffic Projection for the Port (MMT) During 2017-18 (5 years)
Year
2013 14
2014 15
2015 16
2016 17
2017 18

Coal
2.50
3.00
4.50
7.50
10.40

DOC
Fertilizer
Liquid Steel &
& FRM
Others
0.30
0.50
0.60
0.80
0.40
0.60
0.70
1.00
0.60
0.70
0.80
1.50
0.60
1.50
0.90
2.00
0.83
1.95
1.00
2.50

Automobile
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.10

Total
Container
Cargo
M TEU
MMT
0.20
7.10
0.30
9.30
0.60
15.30
1.00
24.62
1.20
31.15

Source: Project Feasibility Report, M/s. AHPPL

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2.3 Associated Infrastructures Development


Associated infrastructure facilities proposed to be developed are internal rails, roads and
access roads connecting all terminals from the hinter land as part of development plan.
Utilities such as electric power, water supply, communication network, area lightning, fire
fighting system, desalination plant, effluent treatment plant, sewage treatment plant, solid
waste management system, site drainage system, public address system are proposed. Each of
the facility is briefly described in the following sections.

2.3.1 Fire Safety

A closed fire hydrant system has been proposed for the berths and stockyard. Fire hydrants
networks will be established in all operational areas and will be easily accessible with flexible
hose connection. The system will be designed to maintain appropriate pressure at the hydrant
outlets. Electric pumps will be supplemented with Diesel Pumps to meet any emergencies.
With respect to utility area, closed loop fire hydrant systems using non-saline service water is
proposed as fire water. Foam or Carbon-dioxide type portable fire extinguishers will be
provided in the staff amenities located near the berth area as well as in other buildings.

A separate closed loop fire hydrant system will be provided in the utility area to mitigate the
fire risks for the buildings. Non-saline service water will be used as fire water. Firewater for
this system will be pumped from the underground storage fresh water tank. The capacity of
tanks will meet the six hours of fire water demand along with back up connection which
allows sea water to be pumped in to the system in case of extended hours of firewater supply
requirement.

Two interconnected Fire Hydrant ring mains shall be provided for protection of Berths, Jetty
& Coal Terminal. The water pressure in the ring mains will be maintained as per International
Standard. Two underground water tanks are proposed with interconnection arrangements so
that one tank will be in use and other tank can be kept as standby. The system will be
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maintained under pressure with the help of a jockey pump. There will be electrically driven
fire water pumps and one diesel driven fire water pump of equal capacities.

Multiple fire tenders with CO2/Foam/Water Fire Fighting Systems should be stationed near
the berths and near the storage areas. The fire station should also house water tankers and
emergency van with personal protective equipments, self contained breathing apparatus, fire
suits etc.
2.3.2 Bunkering

Bunkering facilities are envisaged and storage will be done in the liquid tank farm area.
Potable water from fresh water tank would be used to recharge the vessels.

2.3.3 Buildings
It is proposed to construct office and operational building, Electric Sub-Station, Workshop,
Gate Complex, Customs and Documentation Buildings as part of the development plan.

2.3.4 Dust Suppression systems

Dust suppression sprinklers will be provided in coal stackyard. The sprinklers will be
designed in such a way that water is sprinkled over the coal stockpile. Dust suppression
system will be provided at stock piles and the head ends of conveyors at transfer points to
control the dust generated during operations. Water spray operations will be operated with
sensor based spray guns.

2.3.5 Power
The estimated power requirement for the Proposed Adani Hazira Port Development and its
supporting utilities will be about 10 MW. 66 kV Grid power supply has been proposed to be
drawn from the State Electricity Board power supply. No captive power plant will be
installed to meet the energy requirements for port operations. It is proposed to construct main
receiving substation in the port area as part of the port development plan. It is proposed to
install standby DG Set of capacity 1500 KVA (3 No) to meet any emergency situations.
Diesel with 0.5% S content will be used in DG sets. The emission from DG set will be
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dispersed through 30M1 as per the DG set emission standards prescribed by Central Pollution
Control Board.

2.3.6 Water Demand


It is proposed to draw sea water and fresh water generated from desalination plant will be
used for port operations. Desalination plant having ultimate capacity of 6 MLD will be
developed in modular phases. Additional water supply of 1.5 MLD will be supplied by
Hazira Port Private Limited (SHELL Group) to the proposed AHPPL. However, the total
water requirement in first five year plan will be 5.5 MLD out of which 5.4 MLD will be
consumed for Industrial purposes and 0.1 MLD consumed as domestic requirements. Water
used for industrial consumption includes dust suppression, washing & cleaning and
firefighting activities in the port area has been presented in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5: Water Consumption Details in the Port Area (MLD)
S. No

Description

Domestic

Industrial use
Fire Fighting
System

ii

iii

Requirement

Washing
Activities
Dust
Suppression
system
Total

Loss/
Consumption

Wastewater

Remarks

0.1

0.015

0.085

Treated in
STP and used
for gardening,
plantation and
fire fighting

1.4

0.21

1.19

7.5

4.225

1.275

Treated in
ETP and
further
recycled and
reused.

Source: Project Feasibility Report, M/s. AHPPL

As per CPCB Guidelines for Emission standard for Diesel engines (Engine rating more than 800 KW) for
Power Plant, Generator set applications and other requirements: Stack Height shall be maximum of the
following, in meter
1. 14Q0.3 i.e. 19m for 1250 KVA DG set and 23m for 2500 KVA DG set
2. Minimum 6m above the building where the generator set is installed
3. 30 m

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2.3.7 Drainage system


Adequate drainage facilities have been proposed in the terminals, berths and stack yard and
storage area to collect the surface water due to precipitation. All the internal roads will be
provided with 2% slope and 1% slope for pavements to provide adequate drainage. To
remove sediments, interceptors will be designed at appropriate locations before letting out in
to the sea.

2.3.8 Effluent Treatment Plant

It is proposed to construct ETP of capacity of 2.5 MLD through modular plants to meet the
future requirements. ETP consists of primary and secondary treatment facilities. Raw effluent
from various sources (washings) will be collected in a collection tank and treated in oil and
grease removal trap. The effluent free from oil is then treated in primary clarifier. The sludge
generated from the primary clarifier is then sent to sludge dewatering facility. The effluent
from the clarifier is subjected to biological treatment process and the treated effluent is
further treated in pressure sand filter and activated carbon filter and stored in collection tank.
The treated water will be reused in the fire fighting systems and dust suppressions systems as
a substitute to the fresh water consumption.

2.3.9 Sewage Treatment Plant


A sewage treatment plant (STP) of ultimate capacity 2.0 MLD (2000 m3/day) will be
developed in modular phases to treat the sewage generated from the port area depending on
the future requirements. A suitable STP will be developed to treat about 100 m3/day of
sewage generated from the port operations during the initial phases of the project. The
treatment process consists of primary and secondary treatment units. Sewage will be initially
treated in Grit Chamber followed by Screen Chamber. The sewage free from grit is subjected
to biological treatment process using activated sludge process including secondary clarifier.
The treated effluent from biological process is stored in intermediate tank where disinfection
shall be carried out. The disinfected water is filtered in dual media filter and stored in treated
sewage collection tank where it will be recycled for landscaping and green belt development
of the port premises.

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2.3.10 Rail Connectivity and HT Power Transmission line

During the initial stages of port development, it is proposed to develop single broad gauge
line from Port Gate to Kawas cabin which will be further connected to existing KRIBHCO
Railway line covering a length of 20.80 km and one crossing station is proposed in this
alignment.

To meet the power requirement during operational phase of the existing and ongoing port
development projects, Adani Hazira Port proposed to establish 66 KV D/C, D/S Transmission
line with panther conductor from Village Mora substation to Adani Hazira Port. Standby DG
sets would also be installed to meet the power requirements during emergency situations.

2.3.11 International Ship and Port Facility Security

Security at Port facility would be provided as per the International Ship and Port Facility
Security (ISPS) guidelines. The initial Port Facility Security Assessment (PFSA) of the
Hazira (Surat) Port was carried out on 11.05.2004. Additional PFSA was carried out on
09.06.2008 and 11.02.2009, which was approved by the Directorate General of Shipping.
Further additions to the port facility infrastructure because of the development of AHPPL.
called for an Additional Port Facility Security Assessment.
The scope of this Additional Port Facility Security Assessment of Hazira (Surat) Port is to
incorporate the multi-cargo terminal, being developed adjacent to the LNG terminal, in the
existing port facility security plan.

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Measures Determined by ISPS Assessment


The following measures were determined to secure the Port Facility infrastructure:-

a) Access Control: Card generation system is in place. All employees and contractors are
issued with access control cards. The bio metric data and details of all persons
entering the port is captured before issuing the pass

b) Fencing and Gate Complex: Fencing the Port Facility is in progress. While some part
is already fenced and remaining area will shortly be fenced. Accesses to the port
facility will be only thru the gates. The fences are 8 ft high and with 3 ft concertina
wire.

c) Surveillance System: The land side surveillance will be carried out by foot patrolling,
patrolling by vehicles, post at strategic locations and CCTV. Sea side surveillance will
be carried out by AIS, Radar, watch and patrol crafts.

d) Procedural Systems: The port has developed standard operating procedures for
security related procedure for the entire port. Process has been established for access
control, security duties and response during emergency. Further a more focused plan
on Ship Shore interface- Port Facility Security Plan is in the process of formation.

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Figure 2.2: Port Security System

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3.0 Description of Baseline Environment


This section discusses about the baseline environment settings of the study area of 10 Km
radius. The study area has been classified as Core and Buffer zone. Core Zone extends from
the project site between 0 to 5 km and buffer zone between 5 to 10 km. Primary data were
collected for environmental components such as Land use/Land cover, Air and Meteorology,
Water (Surface and Ground water), Noise, Biological (Flora and Fauna),. Secondary data was
collected for Socio-Economic aspects for the study area.

3.1 Topography of the study area


Predominantly the topography is deltaic coastal plain and hot humid agro-ecological region.
Tapti Estuary and Hazira Peninsula forms part of the study region. Hazira peninsula consists
of four islands of Hazira, Junagam, Suwali and Mora, which are surrounded by extensive
mud flats. The area is drained by perennial River Tapti. The coastline is highly indented and
sandy. Inland development of sandy-ridges parallel to the coast, points to past high sea level.
Geo-morphologically, the area comprises of alluvium soil and mud flats. The earth of mouth
of Tapti is broad and riddled with numerous tidal channels. South of this river, the coast is
more or less straight up to village Umbergaon with a narrow sandy-ridge all along. The
intertidal zone is made up of basaltic platform with a thin veneer of mud.

Towards the inland side, a Reserved/Protected forest is located adjacent to the project site
dominated by 5 year old plantations of Prosopis juliflora and few palms (Borassus
flabellifer). Villages such as Mora and Suwali are located in the northern direction of the
project site. The topography of study area is placed below in Figure 3.1.

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Figure 3.1: Topography of the Study Area

Project Site

Source: Toposheet No. NF 43-9, series U502, printed by Army Map Service, Corps of
Engineers

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3.2 Land Environment


Land use/Land cover studies have been undertaken to assess and manage areas of critical
concern for environmental control. The term Land Use relates to the human activity or
economic function associated with a specific piece of Land, while the term Land Cover
relates to the type of feature present on the surface of the earth (Lillesand and Kiefer, 2000).
Remote sensing data have widened the applications in the areas like forest cover, vegetation
type mapping, and their changes in regional scale.

The physical boundary of Hazira is defined by waterfront on three sides. On the Southern
side, flows the river Tapti, on the western part is the Arabian Sea and on the Northern part is
the Tena Creek. On the Eastern part it is linked with Surat city.

The Land use/Land cover pattern of the study area has been undertaken using Remote
Sensing Technique. Land use classification of the study area of 10 km radius of buffer zone
was carried out using IRS-P6 satellite image, procured from National Remote Sensing
Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad. Raw data procured for Land use/Land cover study is given in
Table 3.1. Figure 3.2 shows the satellite imagery of the study area and Figure 3.3 shows the
level 1 classification of the satellite interpretation map of the study area.

Table 3.1: Data procured for Land use / Land cover


Particulars
Toposheet No. NF 439
IRS LISS IVA,
31st January, 2010

Type
Hard Copy

Format
TIFF

202-070

TIFF

Source: National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad

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Figure 3.2: Satellite Imagery of the study area

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Figure 3.3: Land use Map (Level 1) with 10 Km Buffer Zone of Study Area

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Table 3.2: Level 1 Classification of the Study Area


Land use
(Level 1)

S. No.
1
2
3
4

Sea
Sandy Area
Vegetation
River
Inland water
bodies
Built-up Area
Scrub Area
Total

5
6
7

Area
(Hectares)
19413.6
2157.9
1685.1
2475.8

Percentage
(%)
61.77
6.87
5.36
7.88

304.6

0.96

2576.3
2815.2
31428.5

8.20
8.96
100%

Source: National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad

Figure 3.4: Level 1 Classification of Study Area in Percentage

Level I Classification:

Table 3.2 shows the level 1 classification of the study area and Figure 3.4 shows the
graphical representation of the Table 3.2. From the table it can be inferred that the project
area is dominated by water bodies. The Sutherland Channel which is coming from Gulf of
Cambay divides into two rivers, such as Mindhola and Tapti. Tapti River is flowing towards
Surat city where as Mindhola river is flowing towards Waregam East.

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61.77 % of the study area is marine environment; fresh water occupies around 8.84 % of the
study area; Built-up area covers 8.2% (2576.3 Ha) of the total study area. Land with scrub is
8.96 % (2815.2 Ha) of the total area and is concentrated in undivided patches in the study
area. Land with vegetation is 5.36 % (1685.1 Ha) and sandy area is 6.87 % (2157.9 Ha)
which forms part of shoreline area.

Level 2 Classification:

Figure 3.5 shows level 2 classification of satellite imagery interpretation land use map.
Table 3.3 and Figure 3.6 shows the percentage of area covered under various classification
systems.

Table 3.3: Level 2 classification of the study area is detailed below

S. No.

Land use
(Level 2)

Area
(Hectares)

Built-up Land
Settlements/
1
Industry/Institutional Area
Forest
2
Forest/Plantation
Agricultural land
3
Double crop/ Irrigated Area
4
Crop Land
Waste Land
5
Land with Scrub
6
Land without Scrub
7
Rocky/ Stony/ Barren Area
8
Marshy/ Swampy Area
9
Salt Pans
Water Body
10
Sea/River/Reservoir/ Tank
Total

Percentage
(%)

1660

5.3%

1914

6%

25
1610

0.08%
5.2%

373
1490
106
4432
14

1.2%
4.74%
0.33%
14.1%
0.04%

19804
31428

63%
100%

Source: National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad

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Figure 3.5: Land use map (Level II) of 10km buffer zone of the study area

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Figure 3.6: Level 2 Classification of the Study Area

Apart from the water bodies, approximately 5.28% (1635 Ha) of the study area is agricultural
land out of which 25 Ha is double crop land and 1610 Ha is single crop land. Built-up land in
the study area is around 5.3% (1660 Ha).

Forests/Plantation covers an area of 6% (1914 Ha) of the study area.

Wasteland is subdivided into five sub classifications such as land with scrub, land without
scrub, Rocky/Stony/Barren area, Marshy/Swampy are and Salt Pans. Land with scrub covers
1.2% (373 Ha) of the total study area and land without scrub covers 4.74% (1490 Ha) of the
total study area. Whereas the Marshy/Swampy area is 14.1% (4432 Ha) which is the second
highest type of land use classification. Only 0.04% (14 Ha) of study area is used as Salt Pans.

From the analysis, it has been concluded that the out of 100% of study area, 63% constitutes
marine area and balance 37% constitutes terrestrial area including the Tapti Estuary,
Marshy/Swampy area and forest plantation.
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3.3 Soil Quality of the study area


Soil samples were collected from 4 locations within the study area at 30 cm depth and
analyzed for its physico-chemical characteristics. The test results were compared with
standard soil interpretation guide for agricultural soils. The soil sampling locations are shown
in Table 3.4 and Figure 3.7. The soil sample was collected from 30 cm depth with the help
of stainless steel soil sampling probe.

The soil sampling test results are given in Annexure 3. The sampling result shows that the
soil in the study area is clayey. pH of the soil is in the range of 7.71 to 9.02 which indicates
that the soil is moderately alkaline to strongly alkaline. This clearly indicates that the soil
cannot hold vegetation. The moisture content varies from 1.48 to 7.29%. The organic carbon
content ranges from 0.016 to 1.9%. Chloride ranges from 1680 to 2600 mg/kg. Total nitrogen
ranges from 1.36 to 5.38 mg/kg which is very less for survival of vegetation. Total
phosphorus ranges from 0.119 to 0.744 mg/kg which is also very less to support nutrition.
Potassium ranges from 0.018 to 0.066 meq/100gm soil which is also less for vegetation.

Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) ranges from 8.75 to 16.12 which indicates that plants have
difficulty in absorbing water from this soil. Water holding capacity of soil ranges from 43 to
60%. Electrical conductivity ranges from 418 to 1190 mhos/cm which is harmful for
germination of crops. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) ranges from 3.43 to 5.6 meq/100 gm
which indicates that the absorpitivity as well as productivity of the soil would be very low.
Hence, majority of the soil quality in the study area does not support agriculture except in
some areas.

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Figure 3.7: Soil Sampling Locations

Table 3.4: Soil Sampling Locations


S. No.
1
2
3
4

Location
Hazira
Sultanabad
Mora
Junagam

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Distance, Km
2
8.5
10
<2

Direction from Site


N
E
N
N

Location code
S1
S2
S3
S4

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3.4 Water Environment


The baseline water quality in the study area was analyzed for ground and surface water
samples. The grab samples were collected from all the sampling locations and analyzed for
relevant physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters. Collection and analysis of the
samples were carried out as per established standards methods and procedures, prescribed by
CPCB, relevant IS code and standard method for examination of water.

The sampling locations were selected based on reconnaissance survey with the considerations
of

Presence of water resource

Relevance of water resource

Access to water resource

Coverage of entire study area (representative), and

Land use

3.4.1 Ground Water Quality


Groundwater was monitored at 4 locations within the study area. The water quality
monitoring locations are shown in Table 3.5. The pH of the Groundwater samples was found
to vary between 6.78 to 7.92. Total Dissolved Solids were high varying between 542 to 1944
mg/L. COD and BOD were found to be very less. Chlorides & Sulphates were also found
high varying between 123 to 485 mg/L and 31.98 to 111.99 mg/L. The analysis report shows
that the total dissolved solids, hardness and magnesium exceed the permissible limits as per
drinking water standard IS 10500 at Junagam and all other parameters are below permissible
limits. Hence, water is potable at all locations except at Junagam. The water quality analysis
report is attached in Annexure 4.

3.4.2 Surface Water Quality


The surface water samples were analyzed at one location as shown in Table 3.5 and Figure
3.8 (at Mora Village) and it was found that the pH varied between 6.877.92. Total Dissolved
Solids were in the range of 604 to 801 mg/L. Chlorides are found in the range of 85-121
mg/L. Sulphates were in the range of 25.6 to 41 mg/L. The analysis report reveals that all the
parameters are below the desirable limits as per IS 10500 except total dissolved solids,

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hardness and magnesium which are below permissible limits. The MPN for surface water
range from 9.6/100 mL to 12.72/100 mL which indicates that the water is potable after
disinfection. The water quality analysis report is attached in Annexure 4.

Table 3.5: Water Quality Monitoring Stations


S. No. Location
1
Hazira
2
Sultanabad
3
Mora
4
Mora
5
Junagam
GW: Ground Water; SW: Surface Water

CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/117/03, February 2012

Location Code
GW1
GW2
GW3
SW1
GW4

Remarks
Bore well
Bore well
Bore well
Surface water
Bore well

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Figure 3.8: Water Sampling Locations

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3.5 Regional Climatology and Meteorology


The study area falls under Semi Arid zone according to Koppens classification of climatic
zones. It experiences mild dry winters, hot and dry summers and humid monsoon with most
of the precipitation occurring in monsoon. The rains can cause severe floods. The study area
is moderated strongly by Arabian Sea. The year may broadly be divided into four seasons:
Summer:

March to May

Monsoon:

June to September

Post monsoon: October to November


Winter:

December to February

The nearest meteorological station around the project site set up by Indian Meteorological
Department is Surat at a distance of 25 Km.

3.5.1 Sources of Information


Secondary meteorological data was collected from the nearest IMD station located at Surat.
Climatological data has been collected from Climatological tables published by IMD - Pune
and analyzed to interpret the historical meteorological conditions prevailing in the study area.

Indian Meteorological Department IMD Surat

Indian Meteorological Department has been monitoring surface observations, atmospheric


pressure, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction twice a day viz.,
at 0830 and 1730 hrs. The data for the above-specified parameters has been collected for ten
years and processed. The study area experiences a climatic change from sub-humid towards
north to humid towards south. Data on cloud cover is compiled from the climatological tables
of the IMD station at Surat.

Table 3.6 shows an extract of climatic conditions at for IMD Surat Observatory for the
period (1951-1980) as reported by Indian Meteorological Department, Pune.

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Table 3.6: Indian Meteorological Department Climatological Tables


30 YEARS DATA: 1951 1980 STATION: SURAT
Temperatures ( 0C )
Mean
Extremes

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Average /
Annual
Total

Humidity
(%)

Rainfall (mm)
No. of
Heaviest fall
Rainy
in 24 Hrs
Days
0.0
43.7
0.0
38.1
0.2
13.0
0.0
97.8
0.3
51.6
8.0
260.1
15.4
459.2
13.2
324.6
7.6
389.4
1.2
257.1
0.8
148.3
0.1
42.2

Monthly
Total

Highest

Lowest

Highest

Lowest

35.5
38.1
41.0
42.4
41.9
37.4
34.4
33.2
36.4
38.7
37.7
35.9

10.3
11.5
15.7
20.3
23.5
23.4
23.3
23.2
22.5
19.4
15.5
12.1

38.3
41.7
44.0
45.6
45.6
45.6
38.9
37.2
41.1
41.1
39.4
38.9

4.4
5.6
8.9
15.0
19.4
20.2
19.9
21.1
20.6
14.4
10.6
6.7

65,39
62,33
64,32
66,38
68,55
79,70
88,79
89,79
86,70
72,49
61,43
65,43

0.0
0.4
1.5
0.3
7.3
249.3
417.7
299.4
190.7
27.2
13.0
2.6

43.3

9.7

45.6

4.4

72,53

1209.4

46.8

Source: IMD Publications, Pune

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48

459.2

Date and
year
06,1920
10,1898
26,1967
19,1947
26,1974
27,1922
02,1941
13,1964
23,1945
25,1894
05,1946
20,1933

Mean
Wind
Speed
Kmph
6.9
7.1
7.5
8.3
11.9
13.5
12.6
11.0
7.9
6.2
6.6
7.2
8.9

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3.5.2 Observations

Temperature
The highest mean temperature was observed to be 42.40C during April and the extreme
temperature was observed to be 45.6oC during the month of May and the lowest mean
temperature was 10.30C during the month of January. The extreme lowest temperature was
observed to be 4.40C was observed during the month of January.

Rainfall
The average annual rainfall observed from the climatological tables was 1209.4 mm. Around
96% of the annual rainfall is received during June to September from the South West
Monsoon. The maximum monthly rainfall occurs in the month of July (417.7 mm) and
maximum precipitation occurs over a 24 hours period during July only.

Relative Humidity
The highest humidity 89% occurs during the month of August and the corresponding mean
highest temperature is observed to be 33.2oC and the corresponding mean lowest temperature
is observed to be 23.2. The lowest humidity (61%) occurs in the month of February and the
evening period it was reported to be 43%. The relative humidity varies between 32% to 68%
during summer season and 33% to 65% during winter season.

Wind speed
The mean annual wind speed was observed to be 8.9 kmph and the maximum mean wind
speed of 13.5 kmph recorded during the month of June. The lowest wind speed was observed
to be 6.2 kmph during the month of October. Very high mean wind speed was observed
during the month of May to August in the range of 11 to 13.5 kmph.

3.5.3 On-Site Meteorology

Meteorological study becomes a crucial part in Environmental Impact Assessment Study. To


determine the prevailing micro-meteorological conditions during the study period, a
mechanical weather monitoring station was installed at a height of 10 m above the ground
level keeping in view the free exposure of sensors to atmosphere and minimum interference
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from the nearby structures. Continuous recording of micro meteorological parameters like
wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, air temperature and relative humidity. This site was free
from hindrance and open from all direction. The weather data was monitored during the study
period (Pre-monsoon 2011).

The following meteorological parameters were measured.

Temperature

Humidity

Rainfall

Wind speed

Wind Direction

Temperature
Temperature varies from 200C to 38.2 0C in the study period. The Figure 3.9 below shows
the temperature variation during the study period.

Figure 3.9: Temperature variation during the study period

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Relative Humidity
Relative humidity varies from 7% to 97%. Figure 3.10 shows the relative humidity variation
during the study period.

Figure 3.10: Relative Humidity variation during the Study Period

Rainfall
During study period no rainfall has occurred. Hence, data on rainfall have not been discussed.

Wind Speed and Wind Direction


The wind rose diagram and the stability rose representing the pre monsoon season is shown
in Figure 3.11 to Figure 3.13 respectively. A review of the wind rose diagram shows that
predominant winds are mostly from SW direction, followed by WSW direction. The average
wind speed is 1.72 m/s with 13.42 % calms. The wind rose for day time shows that the
average wind speed during day time is 2.03 m/s with 5.38 % calm conditions.

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Figure 3.11: Wind Rose Diagram for the Study Period (April to June 2011)

Figure 3.12: Wind Rose Diagram for Study Period Day time

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Figure 3.13: Stability Rose for the Study Period (April to June)

3.6 Ambient Air Quality


As per CPCB guidelines for setting up monitoring stations for ambient air quality study, five
locations were identified in the study area and one meteorological station were established.
The period of monitoring selected during pre-monsoon season 2011 (April to June). The
parameters monitored were Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Particulate Matter (PM10), Lead (Pb),
Benzo - Pyrene Particulate (BaP), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Carbon Monoxide (CO),
Benzene (C6H6), Ammonia (NH3), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) and
Ozone (O3).

3.6.1 Selection of AAQ Monitoring Locations


The baseline status of the air quality in the study area has been assessed through a scientifically
designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The AAQ monitoring stations was identified
depending upon their importance, prevailing meteorological conditions, topography and
nearby industrial activities releasing pollutants in the atmosphere. Wind direction / speed
were recorded to demarcate possible zones of maximum concentrations of air pollutants.
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Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at five locations from April to
June 2011 with due consideration to the above mentioned points. The details of environmental
setting around each monitoring station and their distances with reference to the proposed
project site is given in Table 3.7. The AAQM locations are shown in Figure 3.14. 98 percentile
values of the ambient air quality monitoring result is presented in Table 3.8. The ambient air
quality monitoring report is attached as Annexure 5.

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Figure 3.14: Ambient Air Quality Locations in Study area (10 km Radius)

Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

1 km

A2

Near Proposed Site


Office
Near Main Gate

Direction w.r.t
Center of
Proposed
project site
-

<1 km

A3

Hazira

2 km

NE

A4

Mora

10 km

A5

Sultanabad

8.5 km

NE

Location
Code
A1

Location

CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/117/03, February 2012

Distance w.r.t Center


of Proposed project
site (km)

Environmental
Setting
Industrial
Project Site
Industrial
Project Site
Residential
Downwind
Residential
Downwind
Residential
Down wind

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Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality Results (98th percentile values)

Parameter

Unit

Near
Proposed
Site
Near
(Outside Main Gate
Shell
Complex)
A1
A2
96.68
95.42
53.72
53.50
15.51
20.27
46.34
45.26
14.80
16.95
0.94
0.95
BDL*
BDL*
BDL*
BDL*
3.40
4.44

Hazira

Sultanabad

Mora

A3
132.16
78.55
34.06
48.41
22.39
0.75
BDL*
18.35
3.12

A4
81.63
43.37
18.22
43.10
16.33
0.75
BDL*
BDL*
BDL*

A5
120.72
71.12
35.13
45.43
21.96
0.77
BDL*
BDL*
3.52

PM10
g/m
PM2.5
g/m3
SO2
g/m3
NOX
g/m3
Ozone
g/m3
Lead
g/m3
CO
mg/m3
Ammonia
g/m3
Benzene
g/m3
Benzong/m3
0.89
0.94
0.72
0.84
0.79
pyrene
Arsenic
ng/m3
BDL*
BDL*
BDL*
BDL*
BDL*
3
Nickel
ng/m
19.18
18.99
18.43
17.02
16.36
*Note: BDL: Below Detection limits, Source: M/s. Pollucon Labs Pvt Ltd, Surat

3.6.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results and Discussions


All the monitored values were calculated for 98th percentile and the same were discussed in
the following:

Particulate Matter (PM2.5)


The values of PM2.5 were reported to be less than 78.55g/m3 for 98 percentile of the times
during monitoring period. The values of PM2.5 exceeded the NAAQ standard of 60 g/m3 for
24 hours at Hazira and Mora due to vicinity of industries.

Particulate Matter (PM10)


The values of PM10 were reported to be less than 132.16 g/m3 for 98 percentile of the times
during monitoring period. The values of PM10 exceeded the NAAQ standard of 100 g/m3 for

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24 hours on at Hazira and Mora indicating high baseline concentration of PM10 due to vicinity
of industries.

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)


The values of sulphur dioxide were reported to be less than 35.13g/m3 for 98 percentile of
the times during the monitoring period. The values of sulphur dioxide are well below NAAQ
standard of 80 g/m3 for 24 hours.

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)


The values of oxides of nitrogen range were reported to be less than 48.41g/m3 for 98
percentile of the times during the monitoring period. The values of oxides of nitrogen are
below the NAAQ standard of 80 g/m3 for 24 hours.

Ozone (O3)
The lower troposphere ozone values were reported to be less than 22.39 g/m3 for 98
percentile of the times during monitoring which is less than NAAQ standard of 100 g/m3 for
8 hours.

Lead
The values of lead were reported to be less than 0.95g/m3 for 98 percentile of times during
monitoring period which is less than NAAQ standards of 1 g/m3 for 24 hours.

Ammonia
The ammonia values were reported to be less than 18.35 g/m3 for 98 percentile of the times
during monitoring period. Ammonia values were below detectable limits for 98 percentile
times at all locations except at Hazira. The values of ammonia are less than NAAQ standard
of 400 g/m3 for 24 hours.

Benzene
The values of benzene were reported to be less than 4.44 g/m3 for 98 percentile of the times
which is less than NAAQ standards of 5 g/m3.

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Benzo pyrene (BaP - Particulate)


The values of benzo-pyrene were reported to be less than 0.94 g/m3 for 98 percentile of the
times during monitoring period which is less than NAAQ standard of 1 g /m3.

Nickel (Ni)
The values of nickel were reported to be less than 19.18 g /m3 for 98 percentile times during
monitoring period which is less than NAAQ standard of 20 g/m3.

Carbon monoxide and Arsenic


Carbon monoxide and Arsenic could not be discussed as they are below detectable limits at
all times during the study period.

3.7 Noise Environment


Noise levels were recorded at 5 locations at project site and 4 locations in the study area of
impact zone. Monitoring was carried out at each location during the study period for 24 hours
on an hourly basis. A sound level meter SLM100 was used to record the noise levels. Leq day
and Leq night noise levels were derived and reported accordingly. Day time was considered
as 0600 hrs to 2100 hrs and night time as 2100 hrs to 0600 hrs. The measured ambient noise
level at all the locations is shown in the Table 3.9 and Figure 3.15. The measured noise
levels have been compared with the standard specified in Schedule III, Rule 3 of
Environmental Protection Rules.

Noise level at project site


Average Leq values of all the observations during day time were found in the range of 44.51
to 76.96 dB (A) whereas during night time the values were observed in the range of 38.8 to
66.6 dB (A). All the 24 hour Leq values were found in the range of 38.8 to 76.96 dB (A). The
day and night time Leq values at the project site are found to be below the prescribed noise
levels standards for Industrial Areas category except at Jack-up Bridge on north side of site
during day time. The noise level monitoring report is attached as Annexure 6.

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Noise level at the study area


Average Leq values of all the observations during day time were found in the range of 42.47
to 67.68 dB (A) whereas during night time the values were observed in the range of 35.84 to
63.43 dB (A). All the 24 hour Leq values were found in the range of 35.84 to 67.68 dB (A).
The day and night time Leq values in the villages are found to be below the prescribed noise
levels standards for Industrial Areas category.

Figure 3.15: Noise Monitoring Locations

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Table 3.9: Measured Noise Results


Noise Levels, dB(A)
Location
Name of the location
Code
Project Site
Simplex Batching Plant
N1
(On Site South side)
Simplex Side Filing Area
N2
(On Site West side)
Jack-up Bridge
N3
(On Site North side)
Fabrication Yard
N4
(On Site East side)
Near Office
N5
(On site DG set)
The Study area
Hazira Village (Hazira Gram
N6
Panchayat)
Sultanabad Village (Sultanabad
N7
Gram Panchayat)
Mora Village (Mora Gram
N8
Panchayat)
Junagam Village
N9
(Juna Gam Panchayat)

Day Night
(24 Hrs)

Day Time
(0600 - 2100
Hrs)

Night Time
(2100 0600
Hrs)

48.7-61.33

55.73-61.33

48.7-54.4

52.6-66.85

60.65-66.85

52.6-60.8

56.1-76.96

64.73-76.96

56.1-66.6

38.8-59.8

44.51-59.8

38.8-53.3

49.2-61.67

57.51-61.67

49.2-56.6

35.84-55.11

43.49-55.11

35.84-50.02

42.57-59.63

46.2-59.63

42.57-54.53

45.02-65.13

54.16-65.13

45.02-60.88

35.84-67.68

42.47-67.68

35.84-63.43

Source: M/s. Pollucon Labs Pvt Ltd, Surat, Gujarat

3.8 Biological Environment


3.8.1 Conditions during the survey period

The survey was conducted over a period of four days, between June 20 and June 23, 2011.
The weather was warm and humid, with the skies largely overcast, though there were
intermittent sunny spells. Occasional drizzles occurred, usually early in the mornings or late
in the evenings. The winds were very strong, owing to the recent advent of the south-westerly
monsoon. Most of the tree and shrub species had bloomed and fruited over the spring, some,

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by now, having already dispersed their seed. The newly moist ground had sprouted a thin,
scattered coat of green, many of the saplings too young and unformed to be fully identified
botanically.

Amongst the avifauna, most resident bird species were in their breeding season, with the
males of many sporting breeding-plumages and exhibiting various forms of courtshipbehaviour, while some others seemed to be nesting. Reptiles, too, were in their breeding
season and giving courtship-displays.

With the sea getting steadily rougher, beaches showed low faunal activity, much of the
beach-fauna having likely retreated to the safety of the more hospitable estuaries. Meanwhile,
in the mud-flats and tidal swamps, a variety of invertebrate fauna, in the form of worms,
insects and crabs, congregated in large numbers, the crab species actively engaged in
attracting mates.

The winter harvests of wheat, pulses like Turi (Pigeon Pea/ Cajanus cajan), Mag (Green
Gram / Phaseolus radiatus) and Math (Phaseolus aconitifolius), Chano (Chick Pea / Cicer
arietinum) and Vaal (a flat-bean / Dolichos lablab) and vegetables like Bengan (Brinjal /
Solanum melongena) and Marchi (Chilli / Capsicum frutescens) were by now done. A few
farms held standing crops of Guvaar (Cluster Bean / Cyamopsis tetragonolobus). Farmers
were preparing their lands for the impending summer crops of Chokha (Rice / Oryza
sativa), Jawar (Great Millet / Sorghum halapense), Bajri (Pearl Millet / Pennisetum
typhoideum) and vegetables like Chibda (a large Cucumber / Cucumis sp.), Doodhi
(Bottle Gourd / Lagenaria vulgaris), Turiya (Ridge Gourd / Luffa acutangula), Bhenda
(Okra / Abelmoschus esculentus), Methi (Fenugreek / Trigonella foenum-graecum),
Cholai (Amaranthus sp.) and Paalak (Spinach / Spinacea oleracea).

Fishermen had pulled back their fishing-boats into sheltered estuarine coves, grounding and
covering them in preparation for the monsoon. Buffaloes, cows and goats were being grazed
on pasturelands and in fallow fields.

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Large-scale earth-moving and construction activities were in progress at a number of


locations in the survey area, leading to considerable noise and dust more or less throughout
the area.
3.8.2 Methodology

Thirty sites were identified within the survey area, such that, as diverse a range of ecosystem
and land-use types as possible were represented. These sites are divisible into four zones on
the basis of their distance from the project site: Zone I 0 km to 2.5 km from the project-site,
Zone II 2.5 km to 5 km from the project-site, Zone III 5 km to 7.5 km from the projectsite and Zone IV 7.5 km to 10 km. Six sites each are located within the Zones I and II,
while nine sites each are located in the Zones III and IV.

At each site, a study of floral diversity was carried out in the following manner:
1. A quadrat of approximately 20 m x 20 m was marked. The species of trees, shrubs
and large climbers, as well as the number of individuals of each species, falling within
this area were noted.
2. A quadrat of approximately 5 m x 5 m was marked within this larger quadrat. The
species of herbs, both grasses and forbs, and the number of individuals of each
species, falling within this area were noted.
3. Smaller quadrats of 1m x 1 m, for the more prolifically-growing larger herbs, and 10
cm x 10 cm, for prolifically-growing minute herbs, were employed when required.
4. At each site, faunal diversity was studied through direct evidence, in the form of
visual sightings, and indirect evidence, such as calls, nests, burrows, shells, casings,
casts, droppings, scats, moults, tracks, etc.

The biodiversity of the survey area was then evaluated in terms of:

species richness of the woody and non-woody florae, and the avifauna,

percentage frequency, abundance and density of each floral species, and

percentage frequency of each bird species

The Shannon Index has also been worked out, separately for the woody and non-woody plant
species recorded in each quartile, as a comparative measure of the floral diversity.
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3.8.3 Overview of the Survey Sites


Zone I (0 km to 2.5 km from the project-site):
Quadrant
no.
1
2
3
4
5
6

Location

Elevation
(m)

Nearest
village

Hazira

Dense plantation.

Hazira

Tidal swamp. Dense


plantation.

Hazira

Dense plantation.

Hazira

Light plantation.

Hazira

Open scrub. Farmedge.

17

Hazira

Knoll. Pasture.

N 21o0713.6,
E 72o3754.1
N 21o0642.9,
E 72o3742.4
N 21o0602.9,
E 72o3740.5
N 21o0530.3,
E 72o3744.1
N 21o0530.3,
E 72o3821.1
N 21o0538.1,
E 72o3828.5

Description of site

Zone II (2.5 km to 5 km from the project-site):


Quadrant
no.
7
8
9
10
11
12

Location
N 21o 08 15.0,
E 72o 39 09.3
N 21 o07 46.7,
E 72o 38 50.2
N 21o 07 25.7,
E 72o 38 23.8
N 21 o06 42.3,
E 72o 39 12.5
N 21 o07 30.1,
E 72o 39 23.0
N 21 o08 47.6,
E 72o 38 34.0

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Elevation
(m)

Nearest village

14

Gundadi

Dry ditch.

15

Gundadi

Water-logged ditch.

10

Gundadi

Pond. Mud-flats.
Stream.

10

Hazira

Gundadi

Road-side plantation.

15

Junagaam

Village commons.

Description of site

Public garden.

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Zone III (5 km to 7.5 km from the project-site):


Quadrant
no.
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Location
N 21o 08 40.4,
E 72o 39 27.7
N 21o 05 42.6,
E 72o 42 12.4
N 21o 09 28.6,
E 72o 39 49.4
N 21 o09 56.3,
E 72o 37 09.1
N 21 o09 46.8,
E 72 o38 35.9
N 21 o09 57.7,
E 72o 38 20.9
N 21o 09 29.8,
E 72 o3809.3
N 21o 09 24.4,
E 72o 38 25.2
N 21 o08 56.5,
E 72o 37 53.5

Elevation
(m)

Nearest village

10

Junagaam

10

Dumas

10

Mora

Industrial plantation.

Suwali

Upper beach. Pond.

12

Suwali

Fallow land.
Embankment.

Suwali

Farm. Dirt road. Well.

Junagaam

Open scrub. Fallow


land.

11

Junagaam

Farm. Bund.

13

Junagaam

Open scrub. Foottrack.

Description of site
Light plantation.
Estuary-bank.

Zone IV (7.5 km to 10 km from the project-site):


Quadran
t no.
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Location
N 21o 04 55.7,
E 72 o42 46.8
N 21o 04 50.5,
E 72 o42 53.5
N 21o 04 45.9,
E 72o 42 28.7
N 21o 05 16.0,
E 72 o42 32.0
N 21o 04 54.6,
E 72o 43 21.3
N 21 o05 26.1,
E 72 o42 39.6
N 21o 09 58.3,
E 72o 39 56.6
N 21o 11 03.7,
E 72o 38 16.8
N 21o 10 20.6,
E 72o 39 41.9

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Elevation
(m)

Nearest village

Dumas

Dumas

Dumas

Upper beach. Dunes.

Dumas

Empty lot. Fence.

24

Bhimpore

Empty lot. Orchard.

16

Sultanabad

Orchard. Garden.

10

Mora

16

Rajgiri

Mora

Description of site
Plantation by Forest
Department.
River-mouth. Mudflats.

Wild patch. Tar road.


Knoll. Pasture.
Cobbled road.
Open scrub. Pond.
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3.8.4 Flora of the Survey Area

Woody Flora
Species

Habit

% frequency

Abundance

Density per
ha

Acacia auriculiformis
Acacia nilotica
Adenanthera pavonina
Aegiceras corniculata
Alstonia scholaris
Anona squamosa
Avicennia alba
Azadirachta indica
Barringtonia asiatica
Borassus flabellifer
Bougainvillea glabra
Calotropis gigantea
Carica papaya
Cascabella thevetia
Cassia auriculata
Cassia siamea
Cassia sophera
Casuarina equisetifolia
Cocos nucifera
Cordia dichotoma
Croton bonplandianus
Cryptostegia grandiflora
Dalbergia sissoo
Emblica officinalis
Erythrina indica
Eucalyptus globulus
Ficus bengalensis
Ficus carica
Ficus glomerata
Ficus religiosa
Ficus retusa
Ficus rumphii
Kigelia africana
Kirganellia reticulata
Lantana camara

Tree
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Tree
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Shrub
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Tree
Shrub
Tree
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Shrub
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Shrub

3.333333
36.66667
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
6.666667
3.333333
33.33333
6.666667
26.66667
3.333333
30
6.666667
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
6.666667
13.33333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
6.666667
16.66667
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
6.666667
3.333333
13.33333
16.66667

6
1.363636
1
2
1
1
45
2.8
1
2.875
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
20.5
1.5
1
3
1
1
1
1
5
1.2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2.75
2.4

5
12.5
0.833333
1.666667
0.833333
1.666667
37.5
23.33333
1.666667
19.16667
1.666667
7.5
1.666667
0.833333
26.66667
1.666667
13.33333
34.16667
5
0.833333
2.5
0.833333
0.833333
0.833333
0.833333
8.333333
5
0.833333
0.833333
0.833333
0.833333
1.666667
0.833333
146.6667
160

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Species

Habit

% frequency

Abundance

Density per
ha

Lawsonia inermis
Leptadenia reticulata
Leucaena latisiliqua
Maerua oblongifolia
Mangifera indica
Manilkara zapota
Mimusops elengi
Morinda citrifolia
Moringa oleifera
Neolamarckia cadamba
Peltophorum
pterocarpum
Phoenix sylvestris
Pithecolobium dulce
Plumeria acutifolia
Polyalthia longifolia
Pongamia pinnata
Prosopis juliflora
Psidium guyava
Ricinus communis
Samania saman
Sapindus laurifolius
Syzigium cumini
Tamarindus indica
Tephrosia purpurea
Terminalia catappa
Thespesia populnea
Vitex negundo
Ziziphus mauritiana
Unidentified Specimen 1
Unidentified Specimen 2

Shrub
Climber
Tree
Climber
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree

3.333333
3.333333
10
20
6.666667
6.666667
6.666667
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333

4
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1

53.33333
13.33333
2.5
160
1.666667
1.666667
1.666667
0.833333
0.833333
0.833333

Tree

13.33333

2.25

7.5

Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Tree
Tree
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Shrub

10
6.666667
10
10
6.666667
86.66667
3.333333
3.333333
10
3.333333
13.33333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
26.66667
3.333333
3.333333

1
1
1
1
1
24.53846
1
3
1.333333
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1.625
1
1

2.5
1.666667
2.5
2.5
1.666667
531.6667
0.833333
40
3.333333
0.833333
3.333333
0.833333
26.66667
0.833333
0.833333
0.833333
10.83333
13.33333
13.33333

Non-woody Flora

Species
Achyranthes aspera
Alternanthera sessilis
Argemone mexicana
Atriplex stocksii

Habit
Herb
Herb
Herb
Herb

CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/117/03, February 2012

% frequency
3.333333
13.33333
3.333333
6.666667

Abundance
1
1.25
1
1

Density per ha
333.3333
1666.667
333.3333
666.6667
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Species
Blumea amplectens
Boerhaavia diffusa
Canna indica
Cassia tora
Chloris sp.
Citrullus colocynthis
Cocculus hirsutus
Commelina bengalensis
Convolvulus
microphyllus
Cynodon dactylon
Cyperus sp.
Datura fastuosa
Eragrostis sp.
Euphorbia hirta
Heliotropium
marifolium
Hemidesmus indicus
Hygrophila auriculata
Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea obscura
Ipomoea pes-caprae
Juncus sp.
Luffa acutangula var.
amara
Merremia emarginata
Merremia turpethum
Ocimum canum
Phyllanthus niruri
Sesuvium
portulacastrum
Sida rhombifolia
Spinifex squarrosus
Suaeda maritima
Tridex procumbens
Typha angustata
Vernonia cinerea
Unidentified Specimen 1
Unidentified Specimen 2
Unidentified Specimen 3

Habit
Herb
Herb
Herb
Herb
Grass
Creeper
Climber
Herb
Climber
Grass
Herb
Herb
Grass
Herb
Herb
Herb
Herb
Creeper
Climber
Creeper
Herb
Climber
Creeper
Climber
Herb
Herb
Herb
Herb
Grass
Herb
Herb
Herb
Herb
Climber
Grass
Climber

CMSRSL/EED/ENV/11/117/03, February 2012

% frequency
3.333333
10
3.333333
6.666667
16.66667
3.333333
3.333333
16.66667

Abundance
2
1.333333
1
25
1.8
1
1
2.2

Density per ha
666.6667
1333.333
13.33333
16666.67
3000
333.3333
333.3333
3666.667

3.333333
46.66667
6.666667
6.666667
3.333333
3.333333

1
17.14286
2
1
3
2

333.3333
80000
1333.333
666.6667
1000
666.6667

10
6.666667
6.666667
3.333333
10
6.666667
3.333333

3
1
2.5
1
1
1
2

3000
666.6667
1666.667
333.3333
1000
666.6667
666.6667

46.66667
6.666667
6.666667
3.333333
3.333333

1.214286
1.5
1
1
1

5666.667
1000
666.6667
333.3333
333.3333

6.666667
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
6.666667
3.333333
13.33333
6.666667
6.666667

7.5
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
25.5
1.5

5000
666.6667
333.3333
333.3333
666.6667
2000
333.3333
1333.333
17000
40
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3.8.5 Classification of the Vegetation

According to the Champion and Seth Classification of Indian Forests, the natural vegetation
of the survey area represents the following forest-types:

Type 4A/L1 (Sub-type L1 Littoral Forest of Sub-group A Littoral Forests of

Group 4 Littoral and Swamp Forests)

These occur along the coast wherever there is a fair width of sandy beach, including sandbars on the sea-face of river-deltas. The dominant canopy is formed by scattered small
evergreen trees along with a few deciduous trees. There are many shrubs. Where the
undergrowth is light, maritime grasses and surface-creepers are conspicuous, binding the
sand. In depressions where water accumulates, dense salt-tolerant undergrowth usually
develops.

Characteristic species include:

Trees such as Barringtonia asiatica, Borassus flabellifer, Calophyllum inophyllum, Casuarina


equisetifolia, Cerbera odollam, Cordia rothii, Erythrina variegata, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Ixora
sp., Morinda citrifolia, Phoenix sp., Pongamia pinnata, Terminalia catappa, Thespesia
populnea and Vitex negundo;

Shrubs such as Caesalpinia bonduc, Clerodendrum inerme and Pandanus sp.; and
Herbs such as Crotalaria spp., Heliotropium spp., Ipomoea pes-caprae, Oryza coarctata and
Spinifex squarrosus.

Type 4B/TS1 (Sub-type TS1 Mangrove scrub of Type B Tidal Swamp Forests of

Group 4 Littoral and Swamp Forests)

These occur where there is a maze of tidal creeks, in and out of which the tide flows daily. It
is a fairly dense but low forest, made up of few but gregarious species, all evergreen. Under
natural conditions, as soil-deposition progresses, the mangrove scrub is likely to evolve into
first a mangrove forest, then a salt-water mixed forest, and eventually, a brackish-water
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mixed forest. Thereafter, it usually develops into a dry type of tropical evergreen forest,
flooding only in monsoon.

Characteristic species include:


Trees such as Aegiceras corniculata, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Excoecaria agallocha
and Sonneratia apetala; and Shrubs such as Acanthus ilicifolius.

[Note: It is observed that when such forests are exposed to continued pressure from biotic
factors, their vegetation degrades to a low cover of almost exclusively Avicennia alba and
Acanthus sp.]

3.8.6 People and Local Plant Biodiversity

The following species observed in the survey area find direct use amongst local people:

Uncultivated food-plants

Acacia nilotica (tender pods), Anona squamosa (fruits), Atriplex stocksii (leaves),
Azadirachta indica (ripe fruits), Boerhaavia diffusa (plant), Borassus flabellifer (sap, fruit),
Carica papaya (fruits), Cassia tora (tender shoots, leaves), Cocos nucifera (sap, fruits),
Commelina bengalensis (rhizomes, leaves), Cordia dichotoma (fruits), Emblica officinalis
(fruits), Euphorbia hirta (tender shoots, leaves), Ficus glomerata (fruits), Ipomoea aquatica
(tender shoots), Ipomoea pes-caprae (leaves), Lantana camara (fruits), Mangifera indica
(fruits), Manilkara zapota (fruits), Mimusops elengi (fruits), Moringa oleifera (leaves,
flowers, pods), Neolamarckia cadamba (fruits), Phoenix sylvestris (sap, pith, fruits),
Pithecolobium dulce (fruits), Psidium guyava (fruits), Sesuvium portulacastrum (plant),
Syzigium cumini (fruits), Tamarindus indica (tender leaves, fruits), Zizyphus mauritiana
(fruits).

Medicinal Plants

Achyranthes aspera (roots, seeds), Alternanthera sessilis (plant), Azadirachta indica (leaves,
seeds), Boerhaavia diffusa (plant), Calotropis gigantea (latex), Cassia sophera (bark, leaves,
seeds), Datura fastuosa (leaves), Euphorbia hirta (plant), Hemidesmus indicus (root),
Hygrophila auriculata (seeds), Lantana camara (leaves), Luffa acutangula var. amara (seeds),
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Merremia turpethum (roots), Phyllanthus niruri (plant), Pongamia pinnata (seeds), Ricinus
communis (seed-oil), Sida rhombifolia (roots, stem), Tephrosia purpurea (plant, seed-oil),
Tridax procumbens (leaves), Typha angustata (seed-fibre), Vernonia cinerea (roots, leaves,
seeds) and Vitex negundo (leaves).

Secondary-use Plants

Acacia nilotica (wood), Avicennia sp. (plants for tannin), Azadirachta indica (wood for
timber/implements, twigs for cleaning teeth, leaves for germicide),

Borassus flabellifer

(leaves for thatch and walls), Cassia auriculata (plant for tannin), Cocos nucifera (fibre for
rope, leaves for matting/thatch), Cryptostegia grandiflora (plant for rubber, bark-fibre for
fishing-lines), Dalbergia sissoo (wood for timber), Eucalyptus globulus (wood for timber),
Ficus bengalensis (leaves for packaging), Ipomoea carnea (twigs for fishing-net floats),
Ipomoea pes-caprae (leaves for fodder), Lawsonia inermis (leaves for henna), Phoenix
sylvestris (leaves for brooms), Pongamia pinnata (seed-oil for lamps), Sapindus laurifolius
(fruits for soap), Thespesia populnea (wood for timber/implements), Vitex negundo (leaves
as pest-repellant).

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Figure 3.16: Floral Species

Sesuvium Portulacastrum

Typha Angustata

Prosopis Julifera thicket - Invasive

Cassia Auriculata

Citrullus Colocynthis

Tephrosia purpurea wasteland weed

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Figure 3.17: Photographs of Floral Species in Study Area

Ipomoea Pes-caprae

Avicennia alba

Sonneratia Apetala fruits

Adansonia Digitata

3.8.7 Fauna of the Survey Area

Avifauna

Name
Grey Francolin
Indian Peafowl
Coppersmith Barbet
White-throated Kingfisher
Green Bee-eater
Grey-bellied Cuckoo
Asian Koel
Greater Coucal
Rose-ringed Parakeet
Asian Palm Swift
Rock Pigeon
Spotted Dove
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% frequency
3.333333
16.66667
3.333333
6.666667
10
10
13.33333
23.33333
3.333333
20
13.33333
6.666667

IUCN Status/ WPA


Schedule
-/I
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Name
White-breasted Waterhen
Black-winged Stilt
Bronze-winged Jacana
Red-wattled Lapwing
River Tern
Black-shouldered Kite
Black Kite
Brahminy Kite
Little Cormorant
Indian Cormorant
Little Egret
Western Reef Egret
Great Egret
Intermediate Egret
Cattle Egret
Indian Pond Heron
Grey Heron
Greater Flamingo
Black-headed Ibis
Painted Stork
House Crow
Large-billed Crow
White-browed Fantail
Black Drongo
Common Iora
Oriental Magpie Robin
Indian Robin
Brahminy Starling
Common Myna
Bank Myna
Red-whiskered Bulbul
Red-vented Bulbul
Plain Prinia
Common Tailorbird
Common Babbler
Ashy-crowned Sparrow
Lark
Oriental Skylark
Purple-rumped Sunbird
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10
13.33333
3.333333
33.33333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
3.333333
10
6.666667
13.33333
10
13.33333
13.33333
16.66667
6.666667
6.666667
3.333333
16.66667
3.333333
63.33333
16.66667
3.333333
36.66667
3.333333
3.333333
10
10
66.66667
3.333333
10
46.66667
16.66667
10
3.333333

IUCN Status/ WPA


Schedule
-

6.666667

3.333333
13.33333

% frequency

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Name
Purple Sunbird
House Sparrow
Baya Weaver
Indian Silverbill

% frequency
6.666667
10
3.333333
6.666667

IUCN Status/ WPA


Schedule
-

Photographs of few faunal species are depicted in Figure 3.18.


Figure 3.18: Photographs of Faunal Species in Study Area

Mudskippers at Dumas

Calotes Versicolor

Fiddler crabs at Dumas

Water birds at Dumas

Mollusc shell in Prosopis plantation

Metopograpsus Sp.

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Avifaunal Profile

The avifauna observed within the survey area contains a large proportion of the more
generalist species such as White-throated Kingfisher, Rock Pigeon, Black Kite, House Crow,
Large-billed Crow, Common Myna, Bank Myna and Red-vented Bulbul, which thrive in a
range of habitats spanning human habitations, cultivation, wooded areas and open scrub.
The Dumas-Sultanabad-Bhimpore area, with its gardens, orchards and plantations, was found
to support a number of species that show a preference for groves of trees, including
Coppersmith Barbet, Grey-bellied Cuckoo, Asian Koel, Greater Coucal, Rose-ringed
Parakeet, Spotted Dove, White-browed Fantail, Common Iora, Oriental Magpie Robin, Redwhiskered Bulbul, Common Tailorbird, Common Babbler and Purple-rumped Sunbird.

Predictably, many species associated with fresh-water, brackish-water and salt-water


wetlands were recorded, such as Black-winged Stilt, River Tern, Brahminy Kite, Cormorants,
Egrets, Herons, Black-headed Ibis and Painted Stork. There were also species that inhabit the
tall grasses, reeds, sedges and floating vegetation associated with such wetlands, including
White-breasted Waterhen, Bronze-winged Jacana, Red-wattled Lapwing, Plain Prinia and
Oriental Skylark.

The palm-dotted open pastures and croplands provide suitable habitats for open-scrub species
like Green Bee-eater, Asian Palm Swift (especially partial to Borassus flabellifer or Palmyra
Palm), Black-shouldered Kite and Indian Silverbill.

A small flock of Greater Flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber, was spotted on the wing above the
Suvali beach.

The Indian Peafowl, Pavo cristatus, a Wildlife Schedule I species, was spotted at five surveysites, and frequently around the older settlements of the area, like Rajgiri, Suvali, Bhimpore
and old Hazira.

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Migratory Avifauna

While no known major migratory flyway coincides with the survey area, it is welldocumented that a number of wetland-associated migratory species from northern regions
regularly winter in the area. The water-bodies in the area also act as staging-points for
wetland-associated passage-migrants on their way to wintering-areas farther south in
peninsular India.

Such winter-visitors include Common Quail, Greylag Goose, Bar-headed Goose, Ruddy
Shelduck, Gadwall, Eurasian Wigeon, Mallard, Common Teal, Garganey, Northern Pintail,
Northern Shoveler, Red-crested Pochard, Common Pochard, Ferruginous Pochard, Tufted
Duck, Eurasian Wryneck, Short-eared Owl, Oriental Turtle Dove, Demoiselle Crane,
Baillons Crake, Eurasian Woodcock, Pintail Snipe, Common Snipe, Jack Snipe, Black-tailed
Godwit, Whimbrel, Eurasian Curlew, Spotted Redshank, Common Redshank, Marsh
Sandpiper, Common Greenshank, Green Sandpiper, Wood Sandpiper, Common Sandpiper,
Little Stint, Temmincks Stint, Curlew Sandpiper, Ruff, Pied Avocet, Pacific Golden Plover,
Kentish Plover, Lesser Sand Plover, White-tailed Lapwing, Yellow-legged Gull, Heuglins
Gull, Pallass Gull, Brown-headed Gull, Black-headed Gull, Gull-billed Tern, Common Tern,
Little Tern, Whiskered Tern, Osprey, Eurasian Marsh Harrier, Pallid Harrier, Montagus
Harrier, Grey Heron, Black Stork and White Stork.

Significant wetland-associated passage-migrants include Greater Flamingo and Glossy Ibis.


Other migratory species associated with the region include Blue-tailed Bee-eater, Pied
Cuckoo, Lesser Cuckoo, Pallid Harrier, Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Steppe Eagle, Booted Eagle,
Common Kestrel, Great Crested Grebe, Rufous-tailed Shrike, Asian Paradise Flycatcher,
Red-throated Flycatcher, Bluethroat, Black Redstart, Common Stonechat, Pied Bushchat,
Rosy Starling, Barn Swallow, Clamorous Reed Warbler, Booted Warbler, Lesser
Whitethroat, Orphean Warbler, Common Chiffchaff, Sulphur-bellied Warbler, Greenish
Warbler, Greater Short-toed Lark, White Wagtail, Citrine Wagtail, Yellow Wagtail, Grey
Wagtail, Tree Pipit, Olive-backed Pipit, Common Rosefinch, Black-headed Bunting and Redheaded Bunting.

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Other Vertebrate Fauna

Other vertebrate fauna observed in the area includes:


1. Mammals like Grey Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) and Three-striped Palm Squirrel
(Funambulus palmarum);
2. Reptiles like Indian Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor); and
3. Fishes like Mudskipper (Boleophthalmus boddaerti)(locally called Levta).
4. A small herd of feral pigs (domesticated Sus scrofa) were spotted in a Prosopis
juliflora plantation.

Villagers interviewed, report the presence of:

Mammals like Jackal (Canis aureus) (locally called Siyaar or Kolee), Grey Mongoose
(Herpestes edwardsii) (locally called Noriya), Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus
hermaphroditus) (locally called Vallora) and Indian hare (Lepus nigricollis) (locally called
Saslo).

Invertebrate Fauna

Invertebrate fauna observed within the survey area includes a variety of worms, butterflies,
dragonflies, grasshoppers, wasps, ants, spiders, crabs and molluscs.

Butterflies sighted during the survey include Common Grass Yellow, Common Emigrant,
Mottled Emigrant, Large Salmon Arab, White Orange Tip, Plain Tiger Butterfly, Common
Crow Common Palmfly, Painted Lady, Peacock Pansy and Danaid Eggfly.

Crabs sighted include Dotilla sp., Gelasimus sp., Matuta planipes, Metopograpsus sp. and
Ocypoda sp.

Molluscs sighted include shells of Donax sp., Erosaria ocellata, Meretrix sp., Pholas sp. and
Thais sp. and cuttlebone of Sepia sp., besides at least four types of tiny Gastropods that could
not be zoologically identified.

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At least three kinds of ants were active, found crawling busily over the shady floor of most
plantations. Two kinds of spiders were also recorded.

3.8.8 Protection Status of Higher Fauna


The following faunal species from Wildlife Protection Act Schedules I & II are associated
with the region in which the survey area is located:

Name
Rhesus Macaque
Hanuman Langur
Jackal
Jungle Cat
Small Indian Civet
Common Palm Civet
Grey Mongoose
Indian Pangolin
Osprey
Egyptian Vulture
White-Rumped Vulture
Long-Billed Vulture
Red-Headed Vulture
Shikra
Red-necked Falcon
Laggar Falcon
Peregrine Falcon
Bengal Monitor
Indian Rock Python
Indian Rat Snake
Checkered Keelback
Water Snake
Spectacled Cobra
Russells Viper
Mugger Crocodile
Green Turtle
Olive Ridley Sea Turtle
Indian Flapshell Turtle

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IUCN Status/WPA Schedule Number


Lower Risk / II
Lower Risk / II
Lower Risk / II
Lower Risk / II
Lower Risk / II
Lower Risk / II
Least Concern / II
Lower Risk / I
Least Concern / I
Endangered / I
Critically Endangered / I
Critically Endangered / I
Critically Endangered / I
Least Concern / I
Least Concern / I
Least Concern / I
Least Concern / I
Least Concern / II
Near Threatened / I
- / II
- / II
- / II
- / II
-/I
Endangered / I
Vulnerable / I
Least Concern / I

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3.8.9 Biodiversity Indices


Species
Quadrant
Richness
Zone
Nos.
(Woody
flora)
I
1-6
12
II
7-12
21
III
13-21
26
IV
22-30
47
Species richness of avifauna: 54

Species
Richness
(Non-woody
flora)
8
17
17
20

Shannon Index
(Woody flora)

Shannon Index
(Non-woody
flora)

0.2873
1.53114
2.11504
2.35135

1.02331
1.43998
2.02494
1.93207

3.8.10 Ecologically Important Sites

Estuaries of Tapti and Mindhola

These estuaries are an important interface between the freshwater-fed ecosystems of southern
Gujarat and the saline-water-fed ecosystems of the Gulf of Khambhat. The mangrove forests
in these estuaries have important role to perform as a habitat for diverse flora and fauna.

Beaches at Suwali and Dumas

These beaches are representative of the mud-mixed-sand beaches typical to this part of
Indias west-coast. The Suwali beach, in particular, has a fairly undisturbed topography,
complete with small runnels, rocky patches, tidal pools and a wide upper beach ending in
fixed dunes, all of which continue to support a good proportion of their characteristic flora
and fauna.

Villages of Rajgiri and Suwali

These villages form a relatively undisturbed pocket approximately 8 to 9 km north of the


proposed project-site. They support a much richer biodiversity compared to other villages of
the area. Further, inhabitants of these villages seem to be continuing to practise relatively
eco-sensitive traditional lifestyles in terms of local resource-use. In view of the large scale
industrial development in Hazira area, efforts to conserve the hinterland and its ways are
necessary for conserving the ecology of the region.

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3.8.11 Salient Findings of the Survey

The natural vegetation of the area survives mostly in the form of isolated islands, without
corridors of either natural, or often any, vegetation to inter-connect them. This is likely to be
restricting a healthy distribution of the less mobile fauna.

Specialized fauna appears to be aggregating in the lesser disturbed areas, while most of the
survey area has retained only the more generalist species.

The vegetal cover in the vicinity of the proposed project-site of an especially degraded
nature, composed primarily of vast swaths of the invasive exotic species Prosopis juliflora,
and nearly devoid of any native species.

The mangrove forests of the estuaries in the survey area are composed almost entirely of
Avicennia marina.

As indicated by the Shannon index figures, the outer two zones of the survey area, extending
from a radius of 5 km to 10 km from the proposed project-site, possess a richer and more
uniformly distributed plant biodiversity.

3.9 Existing Road and Traffic


Presently Hazira Port is connected by two lane wide National Highway No.6 [Maharashtra
Border- Surat Hazira Kolkata]. Ichhapore is situated at about 17 km from Hazira where
important State Highway Ichhapore Jahangirpura Surat Olpad merges with NH. The
traffic from West/North and East/Central/South bifurcates/merges at Ichhapore junction i.e.
the traffic from Hazira Port gets bifurcated at Ichhapur junction. The State Highway Surat
Olpad provides connectivity to West/North bound traffic and Ichhapore - Palsana Section of
NH- 6 provides connectivity to Central and South bound traffic.

Due to very heavy industrialization in this area, the traffic intensity and transportation
requirement has increased. In view of this, NHAI has been undertaking the widening of
existing NH-6 [Hazira Ichhapore Palsana-Vyara Maharashtra Border] to four lane in
Phase - 3 of National Highway Development Program. Additionally, the State Government
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has approved project for converting Ichhapur to Jahangirpura to four lane and has invited for
upgradation of Surat Jahangirpura Olpad Vadoli Kim connecting NH-8 under BOT
project. These projects are also expected to be completed in year 2013-14.

Feasibility report for widening of NH-6 to four lane from Maharashtra Border to Hazira Port
[132 km] [Structure 6-lane] was prepared in year 2007-08 by NHAI. The expected date for
completion of road widening is due on 25/9/12.

As per feasibility report of NHAI, the present traffic on the Port Section in terms of
Passenger Car Unit [PCU] is as high as 40000 PCU. The design capacity of the ongoing four
lane project as per agreement is 60,000 PCU. At the planning stage of this NH project in year
2007-08, Hazira Port capacity was considered as 35 MMT with 30% container traffic in
comparison to 84 MMT cargo per year planned by Adani Hazira Port Pvt. Ltd. It is assumed
that 60% of cargo will be handled by Road Transportation and 40% by Railway. Hence, at
the initial phase of Multi Cargo Port being operational, the traffic requirement will be
satisfied by the upgraded National Highway but the projected traffic will require further
upgradation or an alternative alignment in few years. The details of traffic projection
estimated in feasibility report for ongoing NH project and the projections estimated for
Hazira Port for first five years are given below.

Estimated Traffic Projection during 2012-13


[Traffic data in terms of PCU ]
Year
2012
2013
2014
2015

Traffic Projection
as per NH project
39723
42000
44411
46961

Traffic Projection
for Hazira Port
0
9340
11045
14621

Total
39723
51340
55456
61582

Source: M/s. AHPPL

Once the Hazira Port becomes operational in 2012-13, traffic of 9346 PCU will be added to
the existing traffic in the first year and will increase every year with the Port development.
Hence, the traffic density will exceed the design capacity in few years. Hence further
widening or provision of alternative link will be a necessity. M/s. AHPPL as an advance
action initiated a process to develop additional link on alternative alignment. The existing
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alignment has limitation in acquiring right of way due to industrial development on the Port
Section. Due to this constrain further widening will not be feasible. Considering these facts
and to plan for total projected traffic. AHPPL has already proposed to establish additional
NH link to Ministry of Surface Transport & Highways, Government of India.

Considering the proposal, National Highway Authority of India has initiated to explore
feasibility of alternative alignment and preparing preliminary project report through a
consultant. The consultant has explored various alternative alignments for the link joining
Hazira and Ichhapore and completed basic survey. The alignment proposed by M/s. AHPPL
is found most suitable and recommended. The detail report is expected to be submitted to
NHAI shortly.

3.10 Socio-Economic Environment


3.10.1 Primary Survey
Primary survey of identified villages located in and around Hazira Industrial Area was carried
out. The primary objective of the survey was to determine the needs of the target population
and get it prioritized before implementation of Corporate Social Responsibilities Program.
Primary needs of the population of the 7 coastal villages were carried out and the names of
the villages are provided below.

Table 3.10: Surveyed Villages


S. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Name of the Village


Damka
Hazira
Ichhapore
Rajgari
Suwali
Waswa
Barbodham

Taluka/Block
Choryasi
Choryasi
Choryasi
Choryasi
Choryasi
Choryasi
Olpad

The survey focused on four key aspects and explored the needs of the people. They are
1.

Primary Education

2.

Livelihood

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3.

Health

4.

Basic infrastructure

The objectives of the survey are to


1.

Understand the current status and situation of the area

2.

Identify the needs of the stakeholders in these four areas

3.

Recommend activities and approach that can be taken up in future.

Methodology adopted for the survey includes

Primary data collection from stakeholders through house hold survey

Collection of secondary data from Panchayats, schools and health centres

Focused group discussion with women, fisher folks and Panchayat members

For the purpose of survey, 12 to 15 percent samples were conducted through random
sampling method. The sample was taken from the updated household (HH) list obtained from
the Talatis of every Panchayat. Primary data was collected from 6 villages i.e. Barbodham,
Damka, Hazira, Rajgari, Suwali and Waswa. In Ichhapore, primary household data was not
collected as although termed as a village, the area has vast number of migrant population
(within and outside the state) residing in the area and it has characteristics of a suburb than a
village. Hence data generated based on field survey and meeting with focused group
discussion than collecting household data. The following Table 3.11 indicates the total
number of HH surveyed during the study period.

Table 3.11: Village household and sample size


S.
No

Name of the
village

Name of
the block

Total HH as
per Panchayat

1
2
3
4
5
6

Barbodham
Damka
Hazira
Rajgari
Suwali
Waswa

Olpad
Choryasi
Choryasi
Choryasi
Choryasi
Choryasi
Total

979
1390
1378
451
406
875
5479

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Total number of
HH taken for
study
143
206
193
65
61
125
793

Sample
percentage
14.61
14.82
14.01
14.41
15.02
14.29
14.47%

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Out of 793 HH, 163 (20.6%) are females and 630 (79.4%) are male respondents. These 793
families consist of 3965 population which consist of 46% female and 54% male members.
The average family size consist of 5 members and in terms of family type 47.2% responded
as staying in a joint family structure where as 53% responded as staying in nuclear family.
The detail of age wise family members is given below.

Table 3.12: Stratification of the members of households in terms of gender and age
Age group
0-6 years
7-14 years
15-35 years
36-50 years
>51 years
Total

Female
131
231
651
443
385
1841

Male
146
295
844
446
373
2104

Total
277
526
1495
909
758
3965

Another feature which is of important significance is the literacy status of the respondents.
Out of total 793 respondents 117 (14.8%) are illiterate whereas 676 (85.2%) respondents are
literate. However, out of 676 respondents, 279 respondents (35.25%) had primary education
with 38 respondents qualified for High School Certificate (HSC) examination and 27
respondents have been graduated.

Basic Amenities of the villages

Out of 7 villages, 6 are situated on the coastal line except Ichhapore which is not directly
connected to the coast. Fishing is the primary source of livelihood for 5 villages. Drinking
water sources are open wells, bore wells and hand pumps, however due to shallow aquifiers
the depletion occurs due to proximity toward sea and also due to groundwater exploitation. In
view of this, villagers are either dependent on group water supply schemes provided by
Government or water supply by companies located in Hazira Industrial Area.

Livelihood

The livelihood profile of people living in the surveyed villages is diverse in nature and it has
also gone through major changes in recent years. Once dependent on agriculture and fishery
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now depend on variety of livelihood sources like wage labour, employment opportunities in
Hazira Industrial Area companies, small time business in the form of contractors, animal
husbandry and trading. However agriculture remains the principal source of livelihood for
majority of the respondents. Following Table 3.13 shows the principal source of livelihood
based on the respondents

Table 3.13: Principal source of livelihood of the respondents


S. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Type of livelihood options


Agriculture
Wage labour
Job in company
Fishery
Govt. job
Animal husbandry
Skilled labour
Retired
Diamond polishing
Dependent
Pension
Total

Frequency
328
167
105
103
33
20
16
13
3
3
2
793

Percent
41.4
21.1
13.2
13.0
4.2
2.5
2.0
1.6
0.4
0.4
0.3
100.0

Primary Education
Majority of the respondents interviewed are literate and some are well educated with
graduation in different courses. The Table 3.14 presented below gives the profile of the
respondents in terms of literacy.

Table 3.14: Literacy status of the respondents


S. No
1
2
3
4
5
6

Status of the respondents


Illiterate
Can read & write
Primary education
Secondary education [std 8 10]
Higher Secondary Certificate
[std 11 - 12]
Graduate
Total

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Frequency Percentage
117
14.8
41
5.2
356
44.9
214

27.0

38
27
793

4.8
3.4
100.0

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The data presented above clearly illustrates that almost 80% people are literate and out of the
80% almost 35% people have gone beyond secondary education. The level of literacy is
much more than the state and the district average.

Health Infrastructure
With respect to health infrastructure availability, every village has basic health infrastructure
facility available with them. Out of six villages, 1 village has primary health centre where as
rest five villages has health sub centres available with them.

It was observed that there is 1 village (Suwali) with PHC, 5 villages have health sub centres,
1 villages (Damka) have registered private practitioners, and 3 villages have maternity home
(Suwali, Damka and Barbodham). Although health care facilities have provided to some
extent, it could not be concluded that these village have adequate health care facilities. Most
of the villages are well connected to other villages and cities through road although it is
poorly maintained. Lack of signals and proper indicators, gutters etc are important problems
in these roads. Since these villages are close to industrial areas, there is a constant truck
movement on roads, which in fact adversely affected these roads.

For villages like Damka, Waswa, Rajgari and Hazira, PHC is available at Suwali village
whereas for Barbodham village it is at Dian village at a distance of 4 km. The data presented
below gives a clear understanding about the situation of the infrastructure facilities at the
village in regard to primary health. Table 3.15 shows the health infrastructure details of the
surveyed villages
Table 3.15: Health Infrastructure
S.
No
1
2

Health Infrastructure type


Village

Govt.

Barbodham 1. Health Sub Centre


2. Maternity Home
Damka
1. Health Sub Centre
2. Maternity Home

Hazira

Health Sub Centre

Rajgiri

Health Sub Centre

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Private
No

PHC at

Dian
village
Private
Suwali
Doctor (2 village
nos.)
No
Suwali
village
No
Suwali

Distance
4 km
3 km

6 km
1 km

Hospital
available
at
Surat (16
km)
Surat (20
km)
Surat (22
km)
Surat (18
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S.
No

Health Infrastructure type


Village

Suwali

Waswa

Govt.

PHC at

Distance

No

village
In
village

No

Suwali

3 km

Private

1. Primary Health
Centre
2. Maternity Home
1. Health Sub Centre

Hospital
available
at
km)
Surat (18
km)
Surat (20
km)

Anganwadi
In all six villages, 18 Anganwadi centers are located. Every Anganwadi has got separate care
takers and every centre has their own place to function than getting managed in private
places. However lack of training of workers in order to understand the role of Anganwadis in
the early stage of development of the child is the need of the hour. Weight of every child is
also maintained from time to time and those children who have shown decrease in weight due
to some health problem are referred to the health sub centre.

This shows that Anganwadi as an institution for early development of the children is well
recognized. This also reflects the fact that investment by government on early child
development programmes in these regions in form creation of Anganwadi has been helpful.
Table 3.16: Anganwadi in villages
S.
No

Name of
the village

1
2
3
4
5
6

Barbodham
Damka
Hazira
Rajgari
Suwali
Waswa

Whether
Anganwadi
exist
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

If yes
total
numbers
2
4
4
4
2
2

Condition of
the
Anganwadi
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good

Whether Anganwadi
is having its own
room
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes

Rural Infrastructure
The table below gives a comprehensive data of the infrastructure available at the village
level.

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Table 3.17: Infrastructure at village level


S.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Village
Name of the Villages
infrastructure
details
Barbodham Damka Hazira Rajgari
Panchayat
house
1
1
2
1
Community
hall
1
1
2
1
Anganwadi
2
4
4
4
Primary
school
1
4
4
2
Secondary
school
0
1
1
0
Primary health (Sub cntr) 1
(Sub
(Sub
(Sub
centre
cntr) 1
cntr) 1
cntr) 1
Private
dispensary
2
2
3
0
Medical store
0
0
3
0
Post office
1
1
1
0
Bank
0
1
3
0
Bus stand
1
4
3
1
Fair price shop
1
2
2
0
Vegetable
market
0
0
0
0
Fish market
0
0
0
0
Flour mill
4
3
1
1
Public garden
1
1
0
0

Suwali

Waswa

1
2

1
2

0
1

0
(Sub
cntr) 1

0
0
1
0
3
1

0
0
1
0
3
1

0
0
0
0

0
0
2
1

From the above table, it can be inferred that almost all the surveyed villages have basic
infrastructure available with them except for the fact that some villages do not have formal
financial institutions like bank and Rajgari does not have a post office. None of the villages
have a vegetable market as the weekly market and for all these villages, market is located at
Mora village on every Sunday which is approximately 3 to 4 km from the surveyed villages
and located centrally. Hence people do not feel the necessity of a separate vegetable market.

Most of the infrastructures are in good condition and also functioning. Panchayat houses are
well maintained and equipped with necessary information. In most of the Panchayat houses
records are made available by Talati. In all the Panchayat houses Talatis are having defined
days when they make records and information available to the villagers. During the

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assessment study, we found that most of the Talatis were busy in providing caste and income
certificates to the students for admission in to higher grades.

3.10.2 Secondary Socio economic details


The socioeconomic survey of the study area within 10 Km radius of the project site is carried
out with the help of the secondary data, Primary Census Abstract published by the
Registrar General, Census of India 2001. The data includes population, literacy pattern and
basic amenities.

The proposed project falls under Choryasi block of Surat district.4 villages namely Hazira,
Sultanabad, and Mora are falls in the study area. Majority of the area falls under Hazira
Industrial Zone and the prominent industries located are polymer manufacturing, steel
manufacturing, refinery, fertilizer complex, gas power plant and Heavy Engineering Industry.

Population Details

The total population of the villages falling in the study area is 17078 from the 4 villages.
Total number of households is 3884 numbers. The overall sex ratio in the study area is 732
females per thousand males and the highest was the Sultanabad village (943) and lowest
observed at Mora Village (538). The details of the population are given in Table 3.18.

Table 3.18: Population Details


Village
Mora
Hazira
Sultanabad
Suwali
Total

Area (Ha.)

Household

Total
Total
Total
Population
Males
Females
745
1526
6115
3975
2140
2012.55
1122
4793
2677
2116
449.12
623
3263
1679
1584
2288.7
613
2907
1531
1376
5495.37
3884
17078
9862
7216
Source: District Census Handbook 2001, Census Survey of India

Sex ratio
538
790
943
898
732

Vulnerable Community
The ST population is in the study area is 10.72%. The male and female population in the ST
community in the area are 51% and 49% respectively. The details are provided in Table 3.19.
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Table 3.19: Vulnerable Community Population Details


Villages
ST Population
ST Males
ST Females
Suwali
333
170
163
Mora
285
141
144
Hazira
25
17
8
Sultanabad
1189
606
583
Total
1832
934
898
Source: District Census Handbook 2001, Census Survey of India

Occupational Pattern and Employment


Agricultural, fishing and animal husbandry (Livestock and cattle rearing) are the main
occupation in the area. The economy of this region is not chiefly based on agriculture
however paddy, bajra and vegetable contribute to the economy. Dairy & Animal husbandry
forms major activities for the villages. Requirement of grass for grazing has lead to growing
grasses supplementary to agriculture. Agriculture is mostly rain-fed as the water resources are
scarce. Table 3.20 shows the details of occupation pattern of the study area.

Table 3.20: Village wise details of Occupational Pattern in the Study Area
Villages

Worker
Total Work
Marginal Work
Non-Worker
Participation
Population
Population
population
Ratio
Suwali
50.5
1454
27
1453
Mora
54.8
3269
180
2846
Hazira
39.6
1767
214
3026
Sultanabad
38.3
1149
165
2114
Source: District Census Handbook 2001, Census Survey of India

Health Infrastructure
Health infrastructure and access is moderate. There are two Primary Health centers (Suwali &
Sultanabad) followed by maternity and child welfare centre located at Suwali and Sultanabad.
Health centers are available within a radius of five to ten km. For emergency cases the
villagers have to go to Surat City. Table 3.21 shows Health Care Infrastructure Details

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Table 3.21: Health Infrastructure in the Study Area


Health Facility
Number (Name of the Village)
Maternity and Child Welfare Centre
2 (Suwali, Sultanabad)
Maternity Home
2 (Suwali, Sultanabad)
Child Welfare Centre
1 (Suwali)
Primary health Centre
2 (Suwali, Sultanabad)
Family Welfare Centre
1 (Sultanabad)
Source: District Census Handbook 2001, Census Survey of India

Water & Sanitation


Most of the villages have little infrastructure available for sanitation and sewerage. Open
defecation was widely practiced in these in these villages. The piped water is stored at
panchayat level in underground tanks and then supplied to the villages. Census data also
reveals that in the study area tube well is available in one village (Hazira) while hand pumps
is available in two villages (Suwali, Mora).

Electricity Supply
All the villages have electricity supply. Electricity supply for all purpose is available in all the
villages. Since agriculture is mostly rain fed, intense use of electricity for agriculture is not
observed.

Postal Services, bank, Telecom


As per census data Post and Telephone services are available in all the villages. Telegraph
offices are there Mora village and there is no cooperative bank in the stud area.

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4.0 Terrestrial Environmental Impact Assessment and Prediction


4.1 Introduction
Having reviewed the proposed activities and materials to be handled at the AHPPL facilities
and preliminary technical feasibility report of the proposed development, the consultants have
identified various residual environmental aspects of the proposed facility. This section
presents, the magnitude of environmental emissions and discharges and associated
environmental impacts due to release of uncontrolled and controlled emissions and
discharges from the activities at AHPPL. This section addresses environmental impacts due
to terrestrial aspects of the proposed port handling facilities.

Developmental activities would cause certain degree of environmental impacts, if proper


environmental management plan is not adopted at the design and operational phases of the
project. The primary objectives of environmental management plan are: (i) to meet the
emission and environmental discharge standards (ii) to minimize the residual un- acceptable
environmental impacts, if any, even after meeting the environmental standards and (iii) to
explore various alternative environmental risk mitigation plans (engineering and
administrative controls). As part of the environmental management plan, AHPPL has already
considered to adopt a robust environmental management plan to comply with applicable
environmental regulations and guidelines. However, an attempt was made to assess the
residual terrestrial environmental impacts associated with the controlled discharges of
emissions and other wastes from the proposed activities during construction and operational
phase.

The environment impact assessment covers two stages of the project Construction and
operation phase. Under this environmental impact assessment, the following aspects have
been thoroughly studied:

1. Point and fugitive source emissions and associated environmental impacts


2. Noise emissions and compliance status
3. Wastewater discharge quantities, characteristics and disposal practices

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4. Solid and hazardous waste collection, storage and Management practices


5. Impacts on Terrestrial Ecological and biological environment
6. Socioeconomic impacts
7. A separate report on the fire and occupational health risks due to operation of the
facility has been presented as a separate document and attached as Appendix 2.

Wherever applicable, quantitative methods and mathematical models were adopted for
predicting the magnitude of positive and negative impacts. Environmental impacts have been
assessed for construction and operational phase to develop a site specific environmental and
safety management programs. The project activities that are envisaged for proposed project
have been considered based on the pre-feasibility report in conjunction with Form I, along
with approved Terms of Reference issued by MoEF, New Delhi.

4.2 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Aspects


The proposed project will be developed within the existing lease area acquired by AHPPL.
The primary survey at the project site indicated that no settlements or ecologically sensitive
areas were found to exist at the project area. Site survey indicated that the project site is a
plain land with no green cover and trees, therefore rehabilitation of trees at the site are not
envisaged.

The management of AHPPL has proposed to acquire few patches of the forest land located
contiguous to the existing project site under the future development activities. AHPPL have
applied to Deputy Conservator of Forests (DCF), Vyara Forest Division, District-Surat for
diversion of forest land of about 376.64 Ha for the project. AHPPL would require 376.64 Ha
of forest land as part of overall development of port.

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4.3 Environmental Impact Assessment - Construction Phase


The common environmental aspects of port construction activities include disposal of
dredged soils, dust emissions and construction diesel engine emissions, noise levels, soil
erosion due to storm water runoff and liquid discharges from construction sites and workers
camps etc. This subsection presents an overview of the magnitude of various construction
related impacts and construction environmental management programs proposed by AHPPL.

4.3.1 Dredged Soils and Construction Debris Assessment

Having obtained the environmental clearance from MoEF vide letter no No. J16011/11/2003-IA-III on 26th June 2003 followed by amended Environmental Clearance
dated 19th February 2007; the management of AHPPL has commenced dredging and jetty
filling operations at the project site. AHPPL has been permitted to dredge up to 37 million
cubic meters. Based on the site records it has been estimated that 19.67 mM3 of soil have
been dredged since December 2010. Out of 19.67 mM3 of dredged soil, Shell has dredged
about 11 mM3 of soil before transferring the EC to AHPPL. The dredged soil was analyzed
for physico-chemical parameters and the result of the same is attached in Annexure 4. The
dredged soil is not hazardous material as per the Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling
and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008. Hence, the dredged soil is reused for backfilling
in the project site. Thus remediation or decontamination of dredged soils has not been
envisaged. However the management of AHPPL has considered analyzing the dredged soils
periodically. Based on this information, it has been concluded that the terrestrial impacts due
to reuse and disposal of dredged soils will be insignificant.

4.3.2 Construction Phase Air Quality Assessment

Unlike general construction activities, ports construction facility may generate less quantity
of fugitive dust emissions during construction phase of the project due to handling of wet
dredged and excavated soils. However the following dust control program has been suggested
to avoid any construction related dust nuisance in the neighboring areas. Water sprinkling
will be adopted on haulage roads and construction areas.
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4.3.3 Noise Emission Assessment


Noise control considerations include substitution with quieter sources, isolations, enclosures,
baffling, resilent mountings, sound absorption or such other measures are appropriate.

The construction activities include pre-casting, fabrication, welding, laying of roads,


railways, crane tracks, DG set operation (on & off) which generates intermittent noise level.
DG sets noise control would be achieved by providing appropriate acoustic enclosure.

Transportation of raw materials involves movement of vehicles which generate noise level
depending on the number of vehicles and frequency of movement, and considered to be
intermittent and localized in nature. Vehicles, Heavy Equipment and Machineries shall be
maintained regularly to keep noise level at a minimum.

The average construction noise level generated during day time will depend on the number
and type of equipments deployed and their workings such as on-time percentages and
distances from receiver locations.

Noise impacts during construction will be short-term. The noisiest activities will be carried
out during daytime and will be planned in such a way that the activities would be intermittent
operations and last for shorter durations thereby the noise impacts will be localized.

4.3.4 Wastewater Assessment


Water is required for civil related works such as washings of concrete fixtures and there will
be some quantity of wastewater discharge. During construction phase approximate man
power requirement will be 800 people. Estimated domestic wastewater (sewage) generation
will be 20-25 m3/day.

Temporary shelter would be provided for the workers at the construction sites for resting
during work time with provision of water, electricity and adequate sanitation facilities.
Wastewater / Sewage generation from such blocks may have impact on water environment, if
not properly addressed. However such impact will be short term and localized. The sewage
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generated from the shelter would be treated and disposed as per the discharge as per GPCB
discharge standards.

4.3.5 Solid/Hazardous Waste Assessment


Construction activities involve Pre Cast Concrete, Construction Materials Storage & Handling,
Welding, Painting, Fabrication, Labour movement and expected to generate the following wastes:
1. Rejected concrete due to poor workmanship
2. Hydrated Cements or clinkered cements
3. Left-off welding buds
4. Metal scraps/burrs
5. Contaminated soil due to spillage of chemicals
6. Soil contaminated with welding dust
7. Rejected paints and thinner sludge
8. Empty paint drums and chemical containers
9. Used oil generated from construction equipments and machineries
10. Used batteries
11. Canteen waste
12. Packaging material

4.3.6 Construction Phase Storm Water Runoff


Storm water runoff from the project site during the construction sites would cause certain
degree of silting problem in the nearby areas and also in the coastal zones. It has been
proposed to adopt soil stabilization plans and storm water sedimentation basins to control the
silt before discharging the storm water into sea for the construction phase.

4.3.7 Indirect Employment and Construction Workers Colony

Employment - Construction work will provide employment to a number of people both


directly and indirectly. About 800 people will work at the peak period during construction.
No permanent construction workers will be present on site. Only local workers are appointed
and workers do not prefer to stay at construction site. Hence, there will be no on site
construction laborers camp.

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4.4 Environmental Impact Assessment - Operational Phase


Operational environmental aspects of the ports and allied activities include air and noise
emissions, liquid discharges from ships and port utilities, solid and hazardous wastes
generated from operation of utilities and storm water runoff management.

4.4.1 Air Quality Impacts


Air quality impacts would be envisaged due to release of emissions from the following
activities: 1. Ship emissions, 2. Captive stand-by diesel generators, 3. Dust emissions from
loading, unloading and transfer of bulk material such as coal and iron ore.

Ship Emissions
Ship stack emissions are envisaged due to firing of fuel oils in the marine diesel engines.
Since the ships that are anchored at the port will operated on essential power requirements the
marine engines will be operated at partial loads. Therefore less significant air emissions are
envisaged during the operational phase of the port. However an attempt was made to estimate
the air emissions from ships during operational phase. In the present scenario, the average
parcel size of the ship has been proposed to be in the range of 1000 to 15000 Tons and about
10 to 12 ships could be anchored at the port at any given point of time. The specific SO2 and
NOx emission rate from marine engines will be in the order of 1 gram/kWh and 10
gram/kWh respectively (USEPA). Assuming these engines are loaded at 20 to 25% of the full
capacity while anchored at the port, the estimated SO2 and NOx emissions rate from the ships
will be in the order of 12 Kg/hr and 120 Kg/hr respectively (ref)2.

Predicted Ground Level Concentrations: An attempt was made to estimate the 24-hours
average ground level concentrations (GLC) due to release of emissions from ships and standby diesel generator using ISCST3 model. The hourly site specific meteorological data
collected at the site has been used for predicting the GLCs (Table 4.1). Mixing height data
has been adopted from the Mixing Height Atlas Published by IMD, New Delhi. The predicted
SO2 and NOX concentrations have been presented in Figure 4.1 through Figure 4.4. The
2

No. of ships: 12, Average power load on the marine engine : 100 KW, SO2 emission in Kg/hr: 12*1*100/1000
= 12

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predicted ground level concentrations due to ship emissions were found to be far below the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQs). Based on this analysis, it has been
concluded that the air quality impacts due to ship emissions would be insignificant are well
within the acceptable limits. The baseline AAQ is also well below prescribed limits and
hence the cumulative impacts are insignificant and confined to the port limits.

Table 4.1: Typical Hourly Meteorological Data of the Project Site (May 2011)
S.
No.

Time

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
0.00

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Wind
Speed
Km/Hr
1
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
4
3
4
3
2
1
1
1
2
1

Wind
Direction

Temperature
C

Mixing
height

258
265
269
258
268
245
236
245
256
266
274
261
268
277
263
243
223
221
223
234
201
189
199
197

26.0
27.2
26.3
27.3
28.1
28.5
29.3
29
30.1
33.3
35.0
36.4
36.8
37.0
35.4
31.2
31.0
30.6
30.0
29.4
29.0
28.1
27.6
27.3

50
50
50
50
50
50
200
350
500
1000
1500
1700
2000
2000
1500
1000
700
500
200
50
50
50
50
50

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Figure 4.1: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of SO2 Due to Ship Emissions


(Sulfur Dioxide - g/m3)

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Figure 4.2: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of SO2 Due to Ship Emissions


(Sulfur Dioxide - g/m3)

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Figure 4.3: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of NOx Due to Ship Emissions


(Oxides of Nitrogen - g/m3)

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Figure 4.4: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of NOx Due to Ship Emissions


(Oxides of Nitrogen - g/m3)

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Emissions from Stand-by Captive Diesel Generator

While majority of the electrical energy required for the port will be sourced from State Grid,
standby diesel generators of capacity 3x1500 KVA will be installed to meet emergency
electrical needs. Based on the published emission inventory data (AP42), the estimated SO2
and NOx emissions from a 1500 KVA diesel generator will be in the order of 2.5 Kg/hr and
10 Kg/hr respectively. Minimum stack height of 30m will be provided to disperse the gases
into the atmosphere as per the guidelines suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. Due
to higher exhaust temperatures to the tune of 3000 C, the diesel engine emission plumes would
acquire higher buoyant raise in the atmosphere, thereby facilitating better dispersion of
pollutants and lower ground level concentrations of pollutants.

4.4.2 Prediction of Impacts due to Handling of Bulk-Material (Coal)

4.4.2.1 Source of Fugitive Coal Dust

Handling of bulk coal at the port would generate certain amount of fugitive dust. Fugitive
Emissions can be defined as Any solid particulate matter that becomes airborne by natural or
man-made activities, excluding particulate matter emitted from an exhaust stack. The
fugitive coal dust emissions are usually found out to be generated from the following
activities during Coal Handling Operations: 1. Ship un-loader discharging into hoppers, 2.
wind bore dust from the coal stock yard, 3. wagon and truck loading facilities.

It has been proposed to handle about 10.5 million tons of coal per year with average daily
coal handling capacity of 50,000 T/day.

4.4.2.2 Fugitive Coal Dust Control Program


The management of AHPPL has proposed to adopt the following fugitive coal dust control
measures.

Dry Fog System - A new, proven and cost effective technique to control dust is Dry Fog
system to remove dust from the air. The name fog is just what it implies small droplets of
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water injected into the air. Fogging works by releasing very small droplets of water into the
air. Airborne dust particles adhere to the water droplet and agglomerate. If the fog is
generated in the right way, by using pressurized water, the energy required can be very low
between 2 to 3 kW for a system requiring hundreds of nozzles, e.g. a large stockpiler tripper
conveyor giving considerable operating cost savings when compared to other techniques.

Mobile Hoppers on Berth Dust containment cum dust suppression using spray nozzles
will be provided at the unloading hopper. Treated effluent/sewage will be used will be
sprayed through nozzles will be placed on side walls of hopper sides and at all transfer points.

Conveyor covers - When material is being conveyed from one point to another, cross-winds
over the conveyor can cause dust to be lifted. It is therefore essential to ensure that all
conveyors are covered.

Sprinklers - Once stockpiled, water can be sprayed on the stockpiles to keep them damped
down. Swiveling sprinklers should be used along the lengths of the stockpile with caution,
however, as the volume of water required can be significant, causing drainage and run-off
treatment problems.

Surfactants - To reduce the amount of water used with sprinklers, it is possible to add
chemicals that improve the penetration and wetting effect of the water (USEPA)3. This can be
especially useful on haulage roads and stockpiles. The proper use and application of
surfactants can halve the number of times that a surface has to be treated. There are a number
of ways they can be applied: (1) As an additive to a sprinkler system, (2) Application from a
pumped hose and mobile browser, (3) Sprinkling as dry granules.

4.4.2.3 Fugitive Coal Dust Emission Modeling

An attempt was made to estimate the likely ground level concentrations of controlled fugitive
emissions from the proposed coal transfer and stocking facilities. Fugitive dust emissions

G. A. Jutze, et al., Investigation Of Fugitive Dust Sources Emissions And Control,


EPA-450/3-74-036a, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
June 1974.
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from the coal transfer operations at the stock pile area have been computed as 0.114 grams
per ton of coal handled at the facility (AP-42)4. With an average coal handling capacity of
50,000 T/day, the estimated coal dust emissions due to material transfer points at the stock
pile will be in the order of 230 Kg/hr. The estimated wind bore coal dust emissions from the
36 Ha stockpile will be in the order of 0.08 grams/m2, which will be equivalent to about 30
Kg/hr.

ISCST3 model has been adopted for predicting the ground level concentration of PM10 levels.
Particle size distribution data for the coal dust has been considered while modeling the
emissions as per AP-42 guidelines5. Dry deposition and non-buoyant options has been
considered while modeling the particulate emissions. The summary of the predicted ground
level concentrations due to controlled dust emissions are presented in Figure 4.5 and Figure
4.6. These predicted concentrations represent the worst case scenario of summer conditions
with maximum wind speed in the order of 2.5 m/sec.

AHPPL has proposed to adopt a robust fugitive dust control programs. A detailed study
conducted by USEPA6 confirmed that by adopting the said fugitive dust control programs,
the emissions levels can be reduced by an order of 90% or more. The greenbelt around the
facility will help to capture the dust emissions within the port facilities. The predicted PM10
ground level concentrations for Controlled Emission scenario have been presented in
Figure 4.7 and Figure 4.8 respectively. It can be inferred from these predicted GLCs that the
concentration of PM10 outside the facility boundary would meet up with the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards.

AP 42 emission factor estimation methods, 13.2.4 Aggregate Handling And Storage Piles
http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/ap42/
6
http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/industrial/special/ckd/ckd/ckdp0101.pdf

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Figure 4.5: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of PM10 Due to Coal Dust Emissions
(PM10- g/m3)
(Uncontrolled Emissions)

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Figure 4.6: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of PM10 Due to Coal Dust Emissions
(PM10- g/m3)
(Uncontrolled Emissions)

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Figure 4.7: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of PM10 Due to Coal Dust Emissions
(PM10- g/m3)
(Controlled Emissions)

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Figure 4.8: Peak 24-Hours GLCs of PM10 Due to Coal Dust Emissions
(PM10- g/m3)
(Controlled Emissions)

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4.4.3 Noise Emissions and Impacts


In general, there are two major aspects of the noise arising from container terminal operations
at ports:
1. Specific penetrating noise sources: these include warning sirens on cranes and straddle
carriers and ship's horns sounded on departure. The noise levels resulting from these
sources usually cause the greatest concern, although they do not have much effect on
measured noise levels due to their short duration and intermittent operation.
2. General noise sources: the operation of container terminals and bulk material handling
involve the following main sources of general plant noise: gantry container cranes, ship
generators, road trucks, forklift, yard tractor. Several selected noise sources are discussed
below. (a): Gantry Container Cranes: Every container crane will be equipped with an
electric motor located at high level which is used to lift the container up and down. The
electric motor usually generates a significant sound power level (approximately 110 to
115 dBA for typical operation) and will be the main noise source involved with the
container crane. Penetrating noise sources associated with the cranes are the movement
warning devices and the impact of containers on other surfaces, (b): Ship Generators:
Diesel generators are generally used to produce the power required for onboard activities
when ships are at berth. The noise levels resulting from these ship generators vary
significantly from ship to ship and will be in the range of 100 to 115 dBA (Leq), (b):
Trucks- These are the main methods of moving containers/cargo away and into the
container terminal. A number of 'truck exchange areas' will be located around the
terminal for trucks to park in and load/unload their containers.

According to the environmental regulations, industrial facilities should adopt sound noise
abatement and control program to meet the following criteria. Sound pressure levels at the
property boundary should be less than 55 dBA during daytime hours and 45 dBA during
nighttime hours. Noise levels near the work-zone areas should comply with a maximum
permissible level of 85 dBA. As a part of this EIA study, a detailed noise propagation
modeling was undertaken to establish the abated noise levels at the facility boundary. Noise
propagation from various equipment and process units have been modeled based on the
international outdoor noise propagation standards.

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ISO 9613-1:1996 Acoustics- attenuation of sound during propagation


outdoors- Part 1: Calculation of the absorption of sound by the atmosphere

ISO 9613-2:1996 Acoustics- attenuation of sound during propagation


outdoors- Part 2: General method of calculation

An in house noise propagation software model, NoiseSim Version 2.1 has been used for
estimating the sound pressure levels due to cumulative dispersion of noise emissions from all
the designated sources. The primary inputs required for the noise propagation modeling are
equipment noise Power Levels (Lw-dB), coordinates of the noise emitting sources, acoustical
characteristics of the walls and barriers etc, if any and environmental parameters such as
relative humidity, wind speed, ambient temperature and typical terrain characteristics. In
order to represent the worst case scenario (maximum likely possible noise impacts), dry and
hot weather conditions (summer season) have been considered. Paved concrete surface has
been considered in the present scenario to represent maximum ground reflection. Noise
source radiates power P and this result in a sound pressure p. Sound power is the cause
Sound pressure is the effect. Sound Power is a measure of total energy per unit time emitted
by the source in all directions. Sound pressure is a measure of the pressure at the receivers
location. Sound pressure is dependent on the acoustic environment, which is generally
referred as acoustic impendence (c). The factors involved include the effects of nearby
reflecting surfaces, receiver distance, type of space, the amount and location of absorption in
the space, the location in the space, the presence of barriers, and the intrusion of ambient
sounds. The relationship between Sound Pressure Level (Lp) and Equipment Sound Power
Level (Lw) can expressed in the following equation. Both Lp and Lw are expressed as dB.

W c
Lp Lw 20 Log10 r 10 Log10 ref 2
-------- Eq. 1

P
4

ref

Lp

: Sound Pressure Level

Lw

: Sound Power Level

: Distance from the equipment at which the Lp is measured (generally 1m)

Wref

: Reference power level (10-12 watts)

Pref

: Reference pressure level (2x10-5 N/m2)

: Acoustic impedance (rayls)

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Predicted sound pressure levels in around the proposed project site due to operation of the
plant have been presented in Figure 4.10 and Figure 4.11. It can be inferred from the
modelled data that the sound pressure levels at the facility boundary would be below the
prescribed limit of 55 dBA for industrial areas. Noise levels outside the facility boundary will
be further attenuated due to existing green belt all along the plant boundary. Based on this
noise modelling analysis, it has been concluded that the impacts due to release of noise
emissions at the port operations will be less significant.

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Figure 4.9: Predicted Noise Levels (dBA)

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Figure 4.10: Predicted Noise Levels (dBA)

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4.4.4 Environmental Impacts on Water Resources and Wastewater Discharges

Impact on Water Resources and Water Quality

No ground water source will be tapped for meeting the water requirements during operation
of proposed port project. The entire water requirement of the project will be met from the sea.
Hence, no adverse impact on ground water sources is envisaged.

Water will be required for ship operations, floor cleaning and other service waters, air
compressor and diesel captive power plant cooling applications, dust suppression and
sanitation requirements. Fresh water requirement during the port operations will be about 7.5
MLD, out of which, about 5.5 MLD will be sourced from modular desalination plant at site
and additional 1.5 MLD will be sourced from Hazira Port Private Limited (SHELL
Complex).

Impact due to Wastewater Discharges

Wastewater would be generated from various sources such as rejects from desalination plant,
oily wastewater from automobile and equipment workshops, floor and container cleaning
operations at the liquid/chemical tanker area and domestic wastewater. Apart from this,
significant quantities of ballast water and ship wastewater will be released at the ports.

Desalination plant rejects will be about 9 MLD which will be disposed in to the sea as per
applicable standards. The wastewater generated from floor washing, cleaning of equipments
and other utilities will be treated in ETP and further will be recycled and reused within the
port premises. About 85 m3/day of domestic wastewater will be generated during the initial
phases of the port operations, which will be treated in an onsite STP. The treated domestic
wastewater after meeting the prescribed standards will be used for gardening and plantation
within the port premises.

The water requirement break up given in Table 4.2.

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Table 4.2: Typical Water Balance


(All values are in MLD)
S. No

Description

Domestic

Industrial use
Fire Fighting
System

ii

iii

Requirement

Washing
Activities
Dust
Suppression
system
Total

Loss/
Consumption

Wastewater

Remarks

0.1

0.015

0.085

Treated in
STP and used
for gardening,
plantation and
fire fighting

1.4

0.21

1.19

7.5

4.225

1.275

Treated in
ETP and
further
recycled and
reused.

Source: M/s. Project Feasibility Report, M/s. AHPPL

Ship owners are primarily responsible for treating and discharging the oily wastewater
generated and ballast water generated from the ships. These effluents are required to be
treated by the ship operators by installing an on board wastewater treatment plants on the
ships as per the International Maritime Regulations and MOEF guidelines. It has been
estimated that about 1300 m3/day of saline water with a TDS level of 77% dissolved solids
would be discharged into sea. AHPPL has undertaken a detailed marine outfall risk
dispersion study to assess the impacts on the marine ecosystem and also to design a suitable
marine outfall system. Discussion on the marine outfall impact analysis is beyond the scope
of this terrestrial environmental impact assessment study report.

About 800 people will work at the peak period during construction. No permanent
construction workers will be present on site. Only local workers are appointed and workers
do not prefer to stay at construction site. Hence, there will be no on-site construction
laborers camp. It is estimated that about 85 m3/day of sewage would be generated in the
initial phase from the facility. The same would be treated in a central sewage treatment plant
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of ultimate capacity 2 MLD which would be developed in modular phases and augmented to
meet the future requirements. Treated wastewater will be used for dust suppression and
horticulture applications at the facility. No treated wastewater will be discharged outside the
port facility.

Oily wastewater generated from the liquid tank farm, automobile work-shops and machine
shops will be subjected to oily wastewater treatment followed by treatment in the effluent
treatment plant of ultimate capacity of 2.5 MLD at the project site. The effluent treatment
plant would also be developed in modular phases and additional ETP would be augmented to
meet future requirements.

4.4.5 Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal Method

The solid waste generated from the port will consists of oil & chemical containing cargo
residues, used/spent oil, spent ion exchange resin and sludge generated from ETP. The entire
solid waste generated will be collected, stored and disposed as per guidelines prescribed by
statutory authorities and in line with the requirements of the Hazardous Wastes
(Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules 2008, The Batteries
(Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 and the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and
Handling) Rules, 2000. The details of solid waste generated from the proposed project and
their disposal methods are given in Table 4.3.

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Table 4.3: Solid and Hazardous Wastes Generated and their Management
S.
No
1

Type of Waste

3.1

Estimated
Quantity/
Month
20 KL

3.2

20 KL

5.1

1 KL

Category No. as per


HWM Rules 2008

Oil containing cargo


residue, washing
water and sludge
Chemical containing
cargo residue and
sludge
Used/Spent oil

Contaminated cotton
waste

5.2

1.5 T

Process waste,
residues & sludge
(paint)
Contaminated gunny
bags/container
boxes, liners
Spent ion exchange
resin

21.1

20 kg

33.3

1000 Nos.

34.2

10 kg

ETP sludge

34.3

50 T

Mode of Disposal
Collection, storage and
disposal as per GPCB
rules
Collection, storage and
disposal as per GPCB
rules
Collection, storage and
disposal and reuse
Collection, storage and
disposal to incineration
facility.
Collection, storage and
disposal to incineration
facility.
Collection, storage and
disposal as per GPCB
rules
Collection, storage and
disposal as per GPCB
rules
Collection, storage and
disposal as per GPCB
rules

4.4.6 Ecological and Biological Environmental Impacts

The predicted air quality and noise quality impacts have shown that the modeled values
would comply with applicable environmental regulations and standards. Therefore the air
emissions and noise related impacts on the neighboring ecological and biological
environmental will be insignificant.

The management of AHPPL has proposed to develop greenbelt/plantation in an area of 81.27


hectares which will enhance the overall terrestrial biodiversity in the area. Native species and
high canopy trees will be planted to facilitate nesting grounds for birds in the region in
consultation with forest department officials.
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4.4.7 Sociological and Cultural Impacts

Displacement of native settlements has not been envisaged.

The proposed facility will

provide direct & indirect employment to 800 persons approximately. The proposed project
will help to enhance the economic and cultural environment in the nearby villages. The
management of AHPPL has proposed to adopt a detailed community development program
under the companys Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives.

4.4.8 Impact on Road Traffic

The incoming cargo to the port would be transported outward to respective locations by road
network during the first five years ( Phase 1B) as the development of rail network would take
a longer period. It is estimated that the total cargo to be handled at the end of five years i.e. in
the year 2017-18 is about 31.15 MMT. Generally, 35 MT trucks would be used for
transporting the outward cargo. Hence, a total of 8,90,000 truck trips would be required per
year to meet the cargo transportation requirements.
The dedicated rail corridor is proposed as an alternative to road transportation for movement
of cargos from the port and the majority of the cargos will be transported by rail corridor
thereby significantly reduce the impact on air quality due to vehicular exhaust from the truck
movements.

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4.5 Summary of Predicted Environmental Impacts


Based on the detailed discussions presented in this section, the summary of the predicted
impacts are presented in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4: Summary of Predicted Environmental Impacts


Environmental
aspect

Impact Statement

Release of air
emissions from
the facilities and
possible health
and ecological
impacts

Predicted ground level


concentrations
and
measured baseline levels
have confirmed that the
post
project
baseline
environmental conditions
will comply with National
Ambient
air
quality
standards
Modeled cumulative noise
levels due to release of
noise
emissions
from
facility were found to be
well within the acceptable
criteria
Treated wastewater will be
100% reused for gardening
and landscape applications.

Release of noise
emissions
and
impacts on the
neighboring
settlements

Wastewater
treatment,
disposal
and
impacts on the
water bodies and
ecology
Ecological
Air emissions will comply
impacts
with NAAQ standards and
zero liquid discharge will
be adopted and hence
terrestrial
ecological
impacts will be less
significant.
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Significant
Impacts
but
reversible
through
EMP

Insignificant
and
reversible
through
EMP

Irreversi
ble

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Environmental
aspect

Socioeconomic
impacts

Impact Statement

Positive
impacts
are
envisaged due to overall
economic impetus in the
region.
Spending
on
community development
activities in near by village
will
improve
the
socioeconomic conditions.

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Significant
Impacts
but
reversible
through
EMP

Insignificant
and
reversible
through
EMP

Irreversi
ble

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5.0 Terrestrial Environment Management Plan


This section presents the summary of terrestrial environmental management plan and
monitoring program. Various aspects such as air quality management plan, noise control and
mitigation plan, water and wastewater management plan, storm water management plan, solid
and hazardous waste management plan, plantation and ecological diversity management and
community development plans have been addressed in this section. In addition an overview
of the environmental monitoring program has been presented. The residual environmental
impacts due to operation of the facility can be minimized by adopting good engineering and
management practices and environmental regulations and guidelines.

5.1 Construction Phase Environment Management Plan


Construction phase environmental management plan includes disposal of dredged soil, air
and noise emissions from construction activities, storm water management and control of soil
erosion, management of fuels and hazardous materials at construction sites, vehicle
maintenance work-shops and facilities and amenities for construction work-force.

Dredged Soils Management Plan M/s. AHPPL has been permitted to dredge about 37
million cubic meter of soil. Based on the site records it has been estimated that 19.67 mM3 of
soil is dredged since December 2010. Out of 19.67 mM3 of dredged soil, Shell has dredged
about 11 mM3 of soil before transferring the EC to AHPPL. The dredged soil was analyzed
for physico-chemical parameters and the result of the same is attached in Annexure 4. The
dredged soil is not hazardous material as per the Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling
and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008. Hence, the dredged soil is reused for backfilling
in the project site. It has been recommended to analyze the dredged soil samples periodically
for designated pollutants as per the recommendations of the Gujarat State Pollution Control
Board.

Construction Phase Air Quality Management Plan - Since, there are no villages located
within 1 km radius of the project site short-term impacts due to release of dust and noise
emissions during construction period will be less significant. Unlike general construction
activities, ports construction facility may generate less quantity of fugitive dust emissions
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during construction phase of the project due to handling of wet dredged and excavated soils.
However the following dust control program has been suggested to avoid any construction
related dust nuisance in the neighboring areas.

Noise Control Programs - 1. Onsite fabrication activities should be undertaken at a


designated location, which should be located away from the office buildings and any other
working areas. 2. In case noise emissions from the fabrication activities exceed a level of 85
dBA at the fence-line of the fabrication yard, temporary noise barrier can be installed 3.
Portable diesel engine generators and diesel engine driven compressors, if any, should be
covered with noise enclosures.

Sewage Management Program Sewage generated from the construction site will be
treated in modular STP and shall be used for green belt development / landscaping after
achieving prescribed standards by GPCB.

Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Program The solid waste generated should be
segregated and categorized under various rules such as HWM 2008, SWM 2000, the
Batteries Rules 2001 including processing of used oil by authorized recyclers should be
carried out by the rules and procedures prescribed by CPCB and also meet the requirements
of GPCB.

Construction Phase Storm Water Runoff - It has been recommended to adopt soil
stabilization plans and storm water sedimentation basins to control the silt before discharging
the storm water into sea.

Sanitation - The facilities presently available with the nearby villages will continued to be
used during construction activities and no major sanitation problem is expected during
construction period. The workers at the project site will be provided with proper sanitation
arrangement.

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5.2 Operational Phase Environment Management Plan


Operational environmental aspects of the ports and allied activities include air and noise
emissions, liquid discharges from ships and port utilities, solid and hazardous wastes
generated from operation of utilities and storm water runoff management.

5.2.1 Air Quality Management Plan


The following marine emission reduction program can be adopted:

Cargo-handling Equipment: 1. Retrofitting the old equipment to meet the vehicular


emission standards. 2. All the vehicles and equipment will be certified with PUC norms
shall be deployed

Standby Diesel Generators will be operated on clean diesel fuel with sulfur content less
than 0.5%. Minimum stack height of 30m will be provided to disperse the gases into the
atmosphere as per the guidelines suggested by Central Pollution Control Board.

Fugitive Coal Dust Control Program: The management of AHPPL has proposed to
adopt the following fugitive coal dust control measures: 1. Dry Fog System - A new,
proven and cost effective technique to control dust is Dry Fog system to remove dust
from the air. The name fog is just what it implies small droplets of water injected into
the air. Fogging works by releasing very small droplets of water into the air. Airborne
dust particles adhere to the water droplet and agglomerate. If the fog is generated in the
right way, by using pressurized water, the energy required can be very low between 2 to
3kW for a system requiring hundreds of nozzles, e.g. a large stockpiler tripper conveyor
giving considerable operating cost savings when compared to other techniques, 2.
Conveyor covers - When material is being conveyed from one point to another, crosswinds over the conveyor can cause dust to be lifted. It is therefore essential to ensure that
all conveyors are covered, 3. Sprinklers - Once stockpiled, water can be sprayed on the
stockpiles to keep them damped down. Sprinklers should be used with caution, however,
as the volume of water required can be significant, causing drainage and run-off treatment
problems.

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5.2.2 Noise Control and Abatement Plan


According to the environmental regulations, industrial facilities should adopt sound noise
abatement and control program to meet the following criteria. Sound pressure levels at the
property boundary should be less than 55 dBA during daytime hours and 45 dBA during
nighttime hours. Noise levels near the work-zone areas should comply with a maximum
permissible level of 85 dBA. The predicted noise levels at the facility boundary were found to
comply with the industrial noise standards of 70 dBA.

Noise management is an ongoing, systematic and documented way to handle the impacts of
noise on people and the environment in or around a company, or a geographic area. The
purpose of noise management is to prevent such impacts in the first instance or to reduce the
negative impact that such noise may have on a community and its surroundings. The
development of action plans and their implementation are the key components of effective
noise management. A preliminary survey of the study indicated that no major residential and
sensitive settlements were found to occur within the predicted noise impact zone of the port
areas. It has been recommended to adopt a robust noise monitoring at the facility boundary to
map the overall noise levels. The noise monitoring data will help in identification of hot spots
and problem areas of interest, the identification of the most significant noise sources (both
group and individual sources), and the estimation of the number of people exposed. A high
priority area can broadly be defined as a critical point where noise indicators reach the
highest values and/or the effect of noise on sensible receptors is significant.

The following source noise control plans have been suggested:


Covering of sound intensive components with insulation
Using noise absorbing building materials if required for housing compressors and diesel
generators etc. as per the guidelines suggested by Central Pollution Control Board.
Adopting low noise driving (ECO-driving)
Using silent exhaustion pipes for major diesel engine vehicles and heavy trucks operated
inside the port
Planting trees which acts as barrier to arrest dispersion of noise levels
Using electricity powered equipment inside the port instead of diesel powered ones will
be explored to the extent possible
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5.2.3 Wastewater Management


Port handling operations would generate wastewater from the following sources: 1. Ship
ballast water, 2. ship deck wastewater including sewage, 3. Rejects from desalination plant, 4.
Work-shop and vehicle maintenance shop wastewater, 5. Leachate from coal stock yard, 6.
Floor cleaning and tank cleaning wastewater from the liquid tank farm, 7. sewage from port
facilities. The proposed wastewater treatment and reuse program has been presented
hereunder:

A variety of vessels use the waters within the port, including bulk coal ships, tugs and line
boats. Discharges from bulk ships are not expected to occur within the port because these
large ships normally have on-board storage and sewage treatment plants, allowing
discharge of treated effluent at sea as per the provision of MARPOL7.

Except monsoon, leachate from coal stock yard is not envisaged. However small
quantities, if any, will be treated in the effluent treatment plant. Wastewater from vehicle
work-shops will also be treated in the proposed onsite effluent treatment plant.

As far as possible all chemical spills at liquid handling facilities will be treated with dry
spill absorbing material and water will not be used. Spillage if any occurs, will be treated
in a dedicated onsite wastewater treatment plant, which consists of an oil removal unit,
primary chemical treatment unit and biological treatment units followed by activated
carbon unit. Biologically treated wastewater will be further treated in the central sewage
treatment plant.

Treated wastewater will be used for dust suppression and horticulture applications at the
facility. No treated wastewater will be discharged outside the port facilities.

7MARPOL"

is short for marine pollution - Marpol 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From

Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (http://www.imo.org/about/conventions)


Annex IV Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships (entered into force 27 September 2003)
Annex V Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships (entered into force 31 December 1988

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5.2.4 Storm Water Management Plan


Storm water from the coal stockpile area will be passed through a series of sediment traps to
remove the majority of the coal sediment before discharging into the natural drains. It has
been proposed to construct a garland drain for all bulk storage facilities to avoid silting into
the marine eco-system. All liquid storage tanks will be provided with dykes to avoid any
cross contamination of storm water from chemical spills. Storm water drains shall be
designed in order to avoid any flooding of the coal stock yard and liquid chemical tank farm
areas.

5.2.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management


Solid wastes generated from the port handling facilities consist of packaging waste such as
wood, paper/carton, steel scrap etc. All the hazardous wastes and solid wastes such as Oil
containing cargo residue, Chemical containing cargo residue and sludge, contaminated cotton
waste, spent exchange resin and ETP Sludge, etc shall be segregated at source and stored at
the earmarked area. These recyclable wastes will be collected and disposed to waste recycling
vendors. Coal spills in the marine waters will be periodically dredged and filtered in the
onshore sedimentation tanks and coal fines will be sent to stock yard for natural drying.
Hazardous wastes include contaminated chemical spills, spent dry adsorbing spill absorbing
material used for large marine and onshore chemical spills, used lubricating oils and greases.
The chemicals spill inventories and spent dry absorbing material will be stored in a dedicated
onsite tank and will be disposed to authorized hazardous waste incinerators. Spent lube oils
and greases will be disposed to authorized used oil recycling vendors. A dedicated and
completely enclosed shed will be identified to store the hazardous wastes in order to avoid
any cross contamination from storm water.

All the waste should be segregated, collected, categorized as per the HWM Rules 2008,
SWM Rules 2000 and Batteries Rules 2001 prescribed by CPCB under Environmental
Protection Act, 1986.

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5.2.6 Greenbelt and Plantation


AHPPL will develop thick green belt plantation in and around the proposed project facility
covering 81.27 Ha. Efforts will be taken to increase the green cover in and around the project
boundary using local species with a view to ameliorating project related disturbances and
enhancing the ecological value of the area.

Greenbelt would be developed as per the CPCB guidelines. A capital cost of Rs. 1.62 Crore
and an annual recurring budget of Rs. 0.65 Crore will be earmarked for this purpose. The
plantation schedule will be completed within five years from the construction period of the
project. The plan of green zone details of Hazira Port is depicted in Figure 5.1.

The details of native species proposed for greenbelt plantation are as given below:

Acacia nilotica (Baawal)


Aegle marmelos (Beeli)
Artocarpus heterophyllus (Phanas)
Azadirachta indica (Limdo)
Barringtonia asiatica (Samudra-phal)
Bauhinia purpurea (Kaanchan)
Bauhinia racemosa (Asondaro)
Bombax ceiba (Shimlo)
Borassus flabellifer (Taad)
Butea monosperma (Kesudo)
Calophyllum inophyllum (Oondi)
Cassia fistula (Garmalo)
Cordia dichotoma (Mota Gunda)
Dalbergia sissoo (Seesam)
Emblica officinalis (Aamla)
Erythrina variegata (Paanarvo)
Garcinia indica (Kokam)
Gmelina arborea (Shetan/Shaavanya)
Grewia tiliaefolia (Dhaman/Dhanurvruksh)
Heritiera littoralis (Sundri)
Holoptelea integrifolia (Charel)
Manilkara hexandra (Khirni/Raayan)
Mimusops elegi (Borsali/Bakul)
Melia azedarach (Bakon Limdo)
Michelia champaca (Peelo Champo)

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Neolamarckia cadamba (Kadamb)


Phoenix sylvestris (Khajuri)
Pongamia pinnata (Karanj)
Semecarpus anacardium (Bhilima/Beebi)
Syzigium cumini (Jaambu)
Tamarindus indica (Aamli)
Terminalia bellerica (Bahedo)
Thespesia populnea (Paaras bheendi)
Vitex negundo (Nagod)
Ziziphus mauritiana (Bor)

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Figure 5.1: Green Zone Details of Proposed Hazira Port

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5.2.7 Community Development Plan


Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept whereby companies integrate social and
environmental concerns into their business operations and in their interaction with their
stakeholders

(employees,

customers,

shareholders,

investors,

local

communities,

government), on a voluntary basis. As per the CSR guidelines issued by Ministry of


Company Affairs (2009), the fundamental principle says: Each business entity should
formulate a CSR policy to guide its strategic planning and provide a roadmap for its CSR
initiatives, which should be an integral part of overall business policy and aligned with its
business goals. The policy should be framed with the participation of various level executives
and should be approved by the Board.

A fundamental principle and core elements are related to

Care for all stakeholders;

Ethical functioning;

Respect for workers' rights and welfare;

Respect for human rights;

Respect for the environment; and

Activities for social and inclusive development.

With respect to the proposed project and as per the TOR approval, the project proponent is
making commitment to implement social welfare measures as part of Corporate Social
Responsibility. AHPPL has undertaken a detailed socioeconomic survey to define a need
based community development plan. AHPPL has identified focused areas for community
development and implement developmental program.

The identified activities under CSR program are as follows:


1. Infrastructure development for educational facilities like building of schools,
computer rooms, multipurpose activity halls
2. Supporting education through distribution of stationary, scholarships, science kits,
bicycles to children, conducting education camps, competitions.

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3. Strengthening the community health by arranging health camps, AID awareness


camps, providing financial support to senior citizens and poor people, building
dispensaries and mobile dispensaries.
4. Improvement of rural sanitation by conducting mass awareness campaign, helping
villagers for constructing and maintaining household toilets, school toilets.
5. Improvement in animal husbandry and agriculture by arranging camps for farmers
and cattle owners, conducting programs to use new irrigation technologies, organic
farming, and free fodder supply.
6. Organizing need based skill development program to women and youth for their
empowerment.
7. Rural infrastructure development by construction of rainwater harvesting ponds,
check dams, roads, bus stops, drainage systems, fish landing shed, solar street lamps.

AHPPL has committed to spend about Rs 8.21 Crore in the first five years of the operation
towards various rural upliftment and community development programs and tentative budget
has been presented in the following Table 5.1.

Table 5.1: Budgeted Expenditure for CSR and Community Development Activities
Sr.
No
1
2
3
4
5

Descriptions
Education
Community Health
Sustainable Livelihood Activities
Rural Infrastructure Development
Entry Point Activities
Total

Budgeted Amount
For 1st 5 year Period
(Amount rupees in Crore)
2.29
1.18
1.43
2.04
1.27
8.21

Source: M/s. AHPPL

5.2.8 Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring Program


This subsection of the report describes the time schedule and monitoring program for
compliance with the recommended mitigation measures. Methods have been designed in such
a way that it is possible for the project proponent to demonstrate that the mitigation measures
are effectively implemented during construction and operation phase. The proposed
monitoring plan during operation phase is presented in Table 5.2. To strictly adhere to the

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commitment made in the EIA report, it is recommended that a dedicated environmental team
with appropriate organization structure need to be established in order to undertake regular
monitoring of emissions, discharges and solid waste disposal during this phase. In addition,
regular inspection and audit to be conducted as per the consent conditions mentioned in NOC
given by state pollution control board.

Table 5.2: Environmental Monitoring Program during Operation Phase

Proposed Mitigation

Air Environment
Fugitive dust sampling
near the coal stock
yards
Fugitive VOC
sampling

A fully fledged air


quality monitoring
program is in place as
per the
recommendations of
State Pollution Control
Board
An automatic micro
meteorological station
is already in place and
continuous data has
been generated and
archived
Windsocks are already
in place in the existing
facility
Noise Environment
Ambient Noise Level
shall be maintained
less than 75 dB(A)

Monitoring
Type

Monitoring
Location

Monitoring
Frequency

Internal
Reporting
Frequency

Near coal
unloading and
stocking area

8 hours avg.

Monthly

Near liquid fuel


storage and
truck loading
area
5 km radius
from the site

8 hours avg.

Monthly

24 hours
sampling
Twice a
week

Monthly

Meteorological
station

At site

Hourly basis

Daily

Visual

At site

Continuous

Daily

Noise Level
Measurement

At site

Monthly

Incident
Reporting
when

Personal
samplers/low
volume samplers
can be used
Personal
samplers/low
volume samplers
can be used
Ambient Air
Quality
Monitoring

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Proposed Mitigation

Monitoring
Type

Monitoring
Location

Monitoring
Frequency

Work zone Noise


Measurement

Noise Level
Measurement

At site

Monthly

Proper O&M of all


noise generating
equipments
Noise reducing
barriers/Acoustics to
the Utilities such as
DG sets, Compressors
Isolation of noise
generating equipments
and put noise shield

Noise Level
Measurement

At equipment
location

Quarterly

Internal
Reporting
Frequency
necessary
Incident
Reporting
when
necessary
Half-yearly

Noise level
measurement

At site

Quarterly

Half-yearly

Noise Level
measurement

At site

Quarterly

Overall Noise level at


Boundary shall be less
than 55 dB(A)
Water Environment
Monitoring & Analysis
of wastewater
discharge coal
stockyard lechate,
desalination plant
outfall, oily wastewater
treatment plant outlet,
coal sedimentation
pond and sewage
treatment plant
Installation of water
flow meters
O& M of Storm Water
Drain
Water conservation
measures for Green
Belt Development
O&M of ETP/STP
operations

Noise Level
measurement

At plant
boundary

Quarterly

Incident
Reporting
when
necessary
Half-Yearly

Log book

At discharge
point

Daily

Daily

Inspection and
Audit
Audit

At Plant

Continuous

Daily

At site

Half-Yearly

Half-Yearly

Inspection

At site

Weekly

Monthly

Audit

At site

Half Yearly

Half yearly

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Proposed Mitigation

Monitoring
Type

Monitoring
Location

Monitoring
Frequency

Performance
Evaluation of
ETP/WTP/STP
Flora and Fauna
Green Belt
Development as per the
Guidelines of
CPCB/Forests
Department
Monitoring of Green
Belt Development
Encourage social
forestry program

Water Audit

At
ETP/WTP/STP

Half-yearly

Internal
Reporting
Frequency
Annually

Audit

At site

Quarterly

Half-yearly

Inspection

At site

Daily

Weekly

Audit

Off-site

Quarterly

Half-Yearly

5.2.9 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Protection and Conservation


The proposed port facility will be supervised and controlled by a Head - Operations
supported by adequate team of technically and statutorily qualified personnel apart from the
operating staff of skilled, semi skilled, unskilled and other categories.

Environment Management will be the responsibility of the Environment Management cell


headed by the Manager (Environment) and comprising of Environmental Engineer, fire &
safety officer horticulturalist, etc. The Manager (Environment) will report to the Head
Operations of the port facility.

The Manager-Environment will be responsible for Environment management activities in the


port facility. To facilitate effective environment management, M/s. AHPPL will create a
department consisting of officers from various disciplines to co-ordinate the activities
concerned with the management and implementation of the environmental control measures.

Basically, this department will supervise the monitoring of environmental pollution levels
viz. ambient air quality, sea water and effluent (marine outfall) quality, sediment quality and
noise levels either departmentally or by appointing external agencies wherever necessary.

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In case the monitored results of environmental pollution found to exceed the allowable limits,
the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action and get these suggestions
implemented through the concerned authorities.

The Environmental Management Cell will also co-ordinate all the related activities such as
implementation of EMP, collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the
region, afforestation and green belt development.

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6.0 Additional Studies


This section describes about additional studies covering public consultation, CRZ studies and
marine intake and out fall studies (Marine EIA Study) and Risk Analysis.

6.1 Public Consultation


Hazira is a highly industrialized area with premier industrial facilities being located in this
area. This project site located adjacent to the integrated M/s ESSAR Steel and Power Ltd.
About 2.5 km from the project site, M/s L & T Heavy Equipments division manufacturing
turbines etc in collaboration with Mitsubishi is present. This area has been industrialized over
last more than 25 years. The industrial premises of various known entities indicated in
paragraph mentioned earlier are within Hazira Notified Authority. M/s. HPPL has applied to
HNA to notify the project area within HNA. Gujarat Maritime Board has forwarded their
recommendation for the same to the Industries department, Govt. of Gujarat which is the
nodal agency for notifying the industrial area. Membership of HNA would entitle AHPPL to
get exemption from Public Hearing. M/s.AHPPL has applied to Industries Department,
Government of Gujarat for the notification of the project area within HNA.

6.2 Marine intake and outfall studies


The dispersion of effluent discharged from the proposed project facilities and its effect on the
intake will be studied using numerical modeling. Detailed Marine Intake and Marine outfall
studies being carried out by National Institute of Oceanography, Mumbai and details will be
enclosed as Appendix 1.

6.3 Risk Analysis


Risk analysis study involves identification of potential credible hazards arising out of the
facilities and quantification of the various hazards (unsafe conditions) that exist in the
proposed port project. On the other hand, risk analysis deals with the recognition and
computation of risks, the equipment in the port and personnel are prone to accidents resulting
from the hazards present in the port facility.
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Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the identification and assessment
of risks the neighboring populations are exposed to as a result of hazards present. This requires a
thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of
population etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or generate. Consequently, the risk
analysis is often confined to maximum credible accident studies. Detail report on Risk Analysis
is attached as Appendix 2.

6.4 Ship Simulation Study


Ship simulation study was conducted to assess the feasibility of berthing and un-berthing the
design vessels in given climatological conditions and also to check the adequacy of turning
radius available. The study was undertaken by M/s. BMT Consultants India and the report of
the same is attached as Appendix 3.

6.5 Oil Spill Risk Analysis and Contingency plan


The oil spill risk analysis study was conducted and contingency plan was developed by M/s.
Environ Software (P) Ltd. for the proposed Multi Cargo Port. The report of the same is
attached as Appendix 4. The study was conducted to assess the geographical coverage of
spill, oil spill modeling studies, perceived risks, spill response and clean-up strategy,
equipments required for clean-up, responsibilities and action plan of the port facility in case
of spill if any, communication required in case of emergency.

6.6 CRZ Study


In order to comply with CRZ regulations, detailed CRZ study for demarcating/delineating the
HTL/LTL map will be prepared with respect to the project site will be carried out. The study
has been conducted by an authorized agency and the detailed report is attached as Appendix 5.

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7.0 Project Benefits

The proposed development of Multi Cargo Port with supporting utilities and
infrastructure facilities is considered to be one of the significant contribution to the
GDP growth of Indian economy

The project located in strategic locations for export and import of cargoes and act as
major player for growth of various industrial sectors located in hinterland such as
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and northern Maharashtra region.

During project implementation, demand for goods and services either directly or
indirectly contribute the growth of other sectors such as cement, steel, heavy and light
engineering industries, automobile sectors, construction equipments manufacturing
industries, transport sector and other services

Once the project become operational, induced development in the surrounding areas
would expected to occur and generate revenue for local and state economy

Substantial positive impact on socio economic profile of Hazira and Surat region, in
particular and Gujarat in general both in terms of overall employment and skill
development of local work force.

Direct as well as indirect employment potential is envisaged

Probable augmentation in infrastructure resources such as transport, health facilities and


other basic facilities

Civic amenities like medical facilities, education, sports/cultural activities are likely to
improve in surrounding villages through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
initiatives

The proposed terrestrial and mangrove afforestation will help to enhance the overall
biodiversity of the region.

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