RF Experiment

ESD-TR-66-564
Technical Report
D. M. Snider
A Theoretical Analysis
and Experimental Confirmation
of the Optimally Loaded
and Overdriven
RF Power Amplifier
7 November 1966
Prepared under Electronic Systems Division Contract AF 19(628)-5167 by
Lincoln Laboratory
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Lexington, Massachusetts
Iwl
a center for research operated .by Massachusetts Fnstitute, of Technology,

with the support of the U.S. Air, Force under Contract AW ISiGZSjrSW?.
This report may he reproduced to satisfy needs: of U.S.'Government agencies.
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

LINCOLN LABORATORY
A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION

OF THE OPTIMALLY LOADED AND OVERDRIVEN
RF POWER AMPLIFIER
D. M. SMDER
Group 63
TECHNICAL REPORT 428
7 NOVEMBER 1966
LEXINGTON
MASSACHUSETTS
ABSTRACT
Although the "textbook" Class B approach to rf amplifier design yields high output
power and reasonable collector efficiency (78. 5 percent at maximum output power),
neither the power nor the efficiency are optimum, and both are dependent on rf drive
level.
This report presents an analysis of appropriately selected collector voltage
and current waveforms which determine the load impedance at the fundamental and
harmonically related frequencies; these conditions define the Class B "optimum efficiency" case with 100 percent collector efficiency and 1.27 times the "textbook"
Class B value of output power.
If the rf drive level is increased and the collector
voltage and current waveforms are appropriately selected so that the amplifier is
overdriven, a different load impedance is determined; these conditions define the
"optimum power" case with 1.46 times the "textbook" Class B value of output power
and 88 percent collector efficiency.
The "optimum power" case has the added ad-
vantage of resulting in an output power and collector frequency that are essentially
constant over a predetermined range of drive level.
Finally, the theory is verified by the construction and testing of a UHF power amplifier having a power output of 46 watts and an overall dc to rf conversion efficiency
of 65 percent with an output power insensitivity to rf drive of 1 db for 10.5db.
Accepted for the Air Force

Franklin C. Hudson
Chief, Lincoln Laboratory Office
ui
CONTENTS
Abstract
I.
Introduction
The Optimum Efficiency Class B Tuned Power Amplifier
III.
The Optimum Power Class B Tuned Power Amplifier
IV.
Modified Class A Operation
V.
Computed Data and Design Procedure
VI.
Experimental Verification of Theory
II.
VII.
Summary and Conclusion
14
A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION

OF THE OPTIMALLY LOADED AND OVERDRIVEN
RF POWER AMPLIFIER
I.
INTRODUCTION
An improvement in both collector efficiency and output power over that described by "textbook" Class B considerations can be realized if the load impedance at the fundamental and harmonically related frequencies presented to the output terminals of a tuned power amplifier stage
are appropriately selected. Theoretical collector efficiencies of 100 percent at 1.27 times the
textbook value of output power are possible. Furthermore, if the amplifier is overdriven, a different load impedance can be derived so that 1.46 times the textbook value of output power can be
achieved with 88 percent collector efficiency. This technique has the added advantage of resulting
in an output power and collector frequency that are essentially constant over a range of drive level.
To gain an intuitive understanding of the procedure, consider the textbook Class B waveforms
shown in Fig. 1, where I (9) and V (0) have the arbitrary peak values I and V respectively and
9 is in radians. Here, 2V does not necessarily equal the device breakdown voltage (V, ) and 1^
does not necessarily equal the device saturation current (I ). That is to say, the constraints on
output power are not those imposed physically by the device (V, , I
) but by the yet to be designed
external circuit. Let the collector current waveform I (6) remain unchanged but select some
new collector voltage waveform V (Q) so that the fundamental component of the voltage waveform
is greater than the textbook Class B value. If V (9) is symmetrical about V , then the dc input
power is the same as the Class B case, but the fundamental output power is increased. In particular, if V (9) is allowed to approach a square wave symmetrical about V and a peak value V
it will be shown that in the limit the collector efficiency approaches 100 percent. Since the collector voltage and current waveforms have been specified, the load impedance is determined.
This is called the "optimum efficiency" case.
Next, the rf drive will be increased by some amount forcing V (9) and I (9) to be as shown in
Fig. 2, determining a different load impedance. Note that the dc input power has increased, since
I , of this new I (9) is greater than the textbook case. However, the collector efficiency increases
faster than the dc input power. It will be shown that if the rf drive is increased by 5.2 db, an output power of 1.47 times the textbook Class B value is developed at 88 percent collector efficiency.
For the following analysis, an ideal device is assumed so that V
, equals 0 volts, hf =
constant and so forth.
*T. S. Gray, Applied Electronics (Wiley, New York, 1957), p.403.
Ic(8)
L
Fig. 1.
Class B collector current and voltage waveforms.
13-63-5510(21
2KV
KI
|N
I. -
/1
r i
e
i \
i
1 7T
/
27T
(ir-fl.)
Fig. 2.
Overdriven Class B collector current and voltage waveforms.
|3-63-55l5l?71
2KV
L
8,
Fig. 3.
( w + 0,)
Optimum efficiency Class B collector current and voltage waveforms.
n.
THE OPTIMUM EFFICIENCY CLASS B TUNED POWER AMPLIFIER

The collector voltage and current waveforms for optimum efficiency Class B operation are
shown in Fig. 3.
Here the dc input power is held constant and only V (9) is allowed to change.
A Fourier analysis of I (9) and V (6) must be made to find the magnitudes and signs of the sine
and cosinusoidal terms. The coefficients of the Fourier expansion of I (9) are
J
An
AO = T~
Zw J\
IS
sinG
d9 =
7T
(1)'
where I., is the dc component of the collector current waveform and

1. , = -1 C
\ I sin 9 cos 9 d9 = 0
Al
w 1
s
(2)
I... = - \
AN
7T J
(3)
I
o
sin 9 cos 9 n9 d9
si
1
i (-j;
i+n + a1 n')
n even.'
(4)
.0
n odd
where I.,, is the peak value of the n

Ic(9).
(-ir
^1 =
where
harmonic cosinusoidal term of the Fourier expansion of
Also
W3
sin
I
sin 9 d9 =
th s peak value of the funda mental com ponent and
1
X
BN
IT
sin
sin n9 d9 = 0
where IRf. is the peak value of the n

I (9).
(5)
(6)
harmonic sinusoidal term of the Fourier expansion of
The coefficients of the expansion of V (9) are

V
A0 =
where V.
<7>
cc
is the dc component of the collector voltage waveform and

91,(7r+91),2jr
(ir-0^, (2jr-01)
V.w = KV
sin 9 cos 9 n9 d9 + \
AN
cc
^ J0, (77-9^,(2^-9^
* J91,(TT+91)
VAN = 0
,2K9
I
CC '
cos n9 d9
(8)
(9)
(ff-9.), {2ir~e )
V = - \
KV
sine sinn9 d9 + \
BN
cc
ff J
^0,(^-9^,(2^-9^
e1,(ir+e1)
Bl
cc
all n 0
91,(7r+91),27r
V . = V
7T
cc
sinn9 d9
K sin 29 , 4 cos 9.
7T
7T
'
' F.B. Hildebrand, Advanced Calculus for Applications (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1965), p. 221.
(10)
....
(11)
'
where VR. is the peak value of the fundamental component.

VBN(oddn)
=Vcc[
2Ksin(0-n6)
Also
2K sin (9 +nO)
VBN(even n) = 0
(12)
(13)
where VRM is the peak value of the n

BN
V (6). Noticing that
K =
4 cos nG,
tti
harmonic sinusoidal term of the Fourier expansion of
(14)
sin 9
as 9. approaches zero V () approaches a square wave and the values of the fundamental components of the collector current and voltage are
Bl
_s
2
and
4V
V,
151
(16)
IT
giving an output power at the fundamental frequency of

V
,(rf) =
out
B1 'BI
\T2
I
cc s
(17)
sfl
However, the dc input power is

V
P
in(dc> = WAO
I
cc s
(18)
Therefore, the theoretical collector efficiency approaches 100 percent as V (G) approaches a
square wave.
The impedance conditions at the collector to common terminals (output) are nec-
essarily
V
Bl
1,
Bl
8
T
cc
I"s
(19)
so that the fundamental load impedance is all real and

0
n even
(20)
n odd
(21)
'AN
V
BN
0
Therefore, for 100 percent collector efficiency we must have a short circuit presented to the
output terminals at the second harmonic frequency and alternating open and short circuits thereafter.
Finally, the definition of R
for the textbook Class B case is
2V
(22)
R,
Therefore,
R. - RT
1
n
L
(23)
m. THE OPTIMUM POWER CLASS B TUNED POWER AMPLIFIER

For the optimum power, or overdriven case, both the dc input power and the collector waveforms are allowed to change.
However, for a fair comparison of Class B, optimum efficiency
Class B and the overdriven case, the e

peak values of V v(G) and I (G) must not exceed V
and I ,
c
c
cc
s
The waveforms for this mode of operation have been shown in Fig. 2. The coeffi-
respectively.
cients of the Fourier expansion of V (Q) have already been derived in Eqs. 9 through 13 and are
obviously a function of G . or K (overdrive).
The coefficients of the expansion of I (Q) that apply
to this mode of operation have been derived in a similar fashion and are
s t
DC
ZTT
(24)
n odd
f(K.e1)
I
'HI
cos 9^
IT
0
AN
f2KG,
(25)
n even
K sin 26,
7T
IT
4 cos 9 '
+
(26)
IT
(27)
IRN(even n) = 0
IBN(odd n) =
r2Ksin(91-nei)
^-
2K sin(G1 + n01)
4 cos n9.
(28)
7r(l + n)
The function f(K, 9.) can be evaluated but is not needed for this analysis.
The expression for rf
output power at the fundamental frequency as a function of G, is therefore

V
B1
.(rf)
out
'
B1
42
CCZS r._
. -.
- .2
5 2K9, Ksin29, +4 4cos 9,1
1
1
1
4ir
4Z
(29)
The dc input power is also a function of 9, so that

V
P
(dc)
in
I
cc s
[(TT-29^
+ K - K cos 9
= WAO
,]
(30)
and the out-of-band impedances are simply

V
2V
Bn
Bn
Z
= 0
Since a resistive load R
cc
(31)
R,
s
(32)
even n
Li
must be presented to the device at the even harmonic frequencies,
power will be dissipated at these frequencies so that

V
.(odd n)
out
ccIs ,K sin (9 - n9)

(1 -n)
K sin (9 + n9)
(1-n)
2 cos n9 2
M
'
(33)
Although the output power obviously continues to increase with increasing K, the collector efficiency does not.
Therefore, the "optimum output power" is defined as that power which corre-
sponds to maximum collector efficiency.
As mentioned before, that power is 1.47 times the text-
book Class B value and occurs when K = 5.2 db, corresponding to a collector efficiency of 88 percent.
Also, if the power gain G
of any device is defined as the gain occurring when the device is
3-63-5506(21
DC LOAD
LINE
AC LOAD
LINE
21
o'WV
Vce (volts)
Fig. 4(a).
Class A dc and ac load line and quiescent operating point.
13-63-552512)1
2KV
21
2V
'c
" /
/
l\
e{
7 "
l\
1 \ (v * e.)
1
1
1
I
( W - 0f )
Fig. 4(b).
.VC(0>
N /
ir
2?r
( 2 7T - 0C )
Class A collector current and voltage waveforms for optimal loading only.
TF63-5649I2I
2KI,
2KV.
zv
Fig. 5.
Optimum efficiency and optimum power Class A collector current and voltage waveforms.
operated according to textbook Class B considerations with an output power P , then the new effective &gain G in the overdriven case is
eff
P
4G r2K9.
-_2*
o
1
G
eff
VZ
K sin 29.
4cos6.K
1+
12
K^r I *
"
Hence a theoretical insensitivity of rf output power of 0.5db for a change in input drive power of
5.2 db is possible per stage.
A computer program was written to solve Eqs. 29, 30, 33, and 34
for values of K ranging from 0 to 20 db (power) in 0.1 db steps.
The results are discussed in
Sec. V.
IV. MODIFIED CLASS A OPERATION
If the same technique is applied to a tuned Class A amplifier with the stipulation that the quiescent operating point must not change from the values determined by "textbook" Class A
tions, then an improvement in output power is possible.
defini-
Since the dc input power is fixed, the
optimum power case is identically equal to the optimum efficiency case.
According to the wave-
form analysis already completed, if the drive power to a Class A amplifier is fixed and only the
load impedance presented to the output terminals (collector to common) is appropriately selected
so that V (9) is allowed to approach a square wave symmetrical about V [Figs. 4(a) and (b)], then
it is easily shown that the improvement in output power from the textbook value of V I /2 is
P out.(rf) = -^- î = V c I c (-)
42 sfZ
*
(35)
Lf
V
B1
Z(l) =
B1
n odd
and
zn =
OO
(37)
For the more interesting case (Fig. 5) where the rf drive level is also allowed to vary (the overdriven case) we have already performed the analysis necessary to write the design equations.
p
(rf) = _[BI
*out
M c
42.
V I
c c
2
B1
si c
2K9 _ K sin 29
Iff
ff
4 cos 9 2
Jr
(38.
'
if
V
B1
l =
Zn =
= R
B1
V
c
Ic
(39)
and
L
n odd
(40)
It should be noticed that, unlike the overdriven Class B case, here both the output power and
collector efficiency continue to increase with overdrive (K) so that in the limit as
T.S. Gray, Applied Electronics (Wiley, New York, 1957), p.403.
(00
|3-63-565H|
G = eodb
'
.-
<_^
-~^--^ ~^->
BO
^TV
.'0
fiO
JC
\\
Fig. 6. Overdriven Class B operation. Overal

efficiency versus K for different values of G .
6/
50
6'
40
M)
1
K
(db)
K (db)
Fig. 7.
Overdriven Class B operation.
Collector efficiency versus K.
K^
>, e - o
V I
OUt **'
c c
^[|-4
+ 42-v.j.,(M
2
7T
7T ' 7T
"c'c
l
(4i)
7T
What is of interest, then, is where the overall efficiency of any stage is maximum for a given
G . Here G is defined as that value of power gain that occurs when the stage is operated according to textbook Class A considerations. A computer program was written to solve for P (rf),
P (n), G , collector efficiency (n ) and overall stage efficiency (n ) for values of K ranging
from 0 to 20 db in 0.1 db steps. These results are discussed in Sec. V.
V.
COMPUTED DATA AND DESIGN PROCEDURE
To best explain the design procedure and computed curves of various amplifier stage characteristics for different values of K (Figs. 6 through 12), a typical transmitter design goal is specified.
rf output power = P
rf input power
(rf) = 10 watts
= P. (rf) =-10dbm
output frequency = 250 Mcps

Many devices are available which are capable of delivering 10 watts at 250 Mcps and a typical value
for G at this level is 8 db. K can now be determined for the overdriven Class B case from Fig. 6.
G o = 8db
n
= 73.6 percent
K = 1.8db
From Fig. 7
P out.(rf) = n c [P.
L
nv(dc)]
"
and
P. (dc) = 10watts/0.85 = 11.65watts

From Fig. 8
G eff
= 7.14db
K = 1.8db
If we use this procedure down to a low rf drive level (say, 100 mw) where there is insufficient
drive power for Class B operation, the overall dc to rf conversion efficiency so far will be approximately 70 percent. The rf input/output and efficiency characteristics for the power amplifier section of the transmitter can be calculated by using Figs. 6 through 9. The power dissipated at the third, fifth and seventh harmonic frequencies can be read directly from Fig. 13.
The curves shown in Figs. 8, 10, 11 and 12 can be used in a similar way to design an overdriven Class A preamplifier section. A typical value for G at these levels is 11 db.
VI. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF THEORY
A power amplifier capable of delivering 46 watts at approximately 250 Mcps into a 50-ohm
load was designed, constructed and tested for the space environment, according to the theory
Fig. 8. Overdriven Class A or Class B operation.

Effective gain versus K for different values of G .
[3-63-5654ll)|
J 1.0
Ul
5
Q.
Z)
a.
K
0.5
K (db)
Fig. 9.
Overdriven Class B operation.
to
Output power versus K.
Fig. 10. Overdriven Class A operation. Overall

efficiency versus K for different values of G .
uj
"
50
K (db)
K (db)
Fig. 11.
Overdriven Class A operation.
1 1
Overall efficiency versus K.
| 3-63-5657)|
*
0
-^-"**"^*~""
0.75
cc
ill
5
o
^
O
0.50
u.
<r
0.25
K (db)
Fig. 12.
Overdriven Class A operation.
Output power versus K.
-70
|3-3-565IHl|
-60
-50
11
a
a
-40
3
o
-30
Fig. 13.
eration.
Vs*P?
'<
z
o
^v
>cr
-20
-JO
li!
Overdriven Class A or Class B opHarmonic output power versus K.
3-63-5659(1) I
FERRITE
BEAD
-w-
-w-
S=-
^=C,
<
c,
4=c4
FERRITE
BEAD
Fig. 14.
Output stage amplifier schematic diagram.
developed. Four 11.50-watt power amplifiers were paralleled in the output stage using 3-db
hybrids to develop this power reliably with commercially available devices. At center frequency
the air-line hybrids have an insertion loss beyond 3 db of approximately 0.07 db.
An output stage amplifier schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 14. Since the input impedance
is very low (typically 0.7 + j3) compared to the effective value of the collector to base capacity
C ,, C , is effectively from collector to ground. Therefore, at the operating frequency, C .
cannot be neglected and is by design a component of the output matching network. The effective
value of C , is approximately twice the minimum value. At the second harmonic, the design
equations call for a short circuit from collector to ground. However, at this frequency X,-, is
ob
essentially an rf short circuit, so that an external short need not be added. For this design, the
higher order impedance terms were neglected. A comparison of the theoretical and measured
performance of the amplifier is given in Fig. 15 and a photograph of the setup in Fig. 16.
60
[3-63-5660(1)|
P
( measured )
50
40
oui (theoretical)
.n
^
(theoretical)
30
3
O
CZ
Ul
5
o
\ n
(measured)
20
Q.
40
-24
-22
-20
POWER INPUT P, (rtl
Fig. 15.
-18
(dbm)
Fundamental output power and overall efficiency versus rf drive (theoretical and measured curves).
1j
POWER DRIVER
_^^^H
PREAMPLIFIER
^p,
^^^
\'y^
POWERjl
AMPLIFIER
*"""
__^,.
POWE"
AMPLIFIER
HI^^^^^^^^^^^HHkfM2-<tMi^^H
Fig. 16.
Vn.
46-watt, 250-Mcps amplifier and preamplifier.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
An improvement in both efficiency and output power beyond the values described by textbook
definitions can be realized by simply controlling the in and out of band load impedances presented
to a device originally biased Class A or Class B. The effect on output power of variations of rf
drive level with time, temperature, aging and radiation damage can be significantly reduced by
controlling the harmonically related load impedances and overdriving. Finally, the theory has
been verified by the construction and testing of a 46-watt, 250-Mcps amplifier which exhibited an
insensitivity of output power to rf drive level within 1.2 db of the calculated theoretical value and
an overall dc to rf conversion efficiency within 3 percent of the theoretical value.
A complete tabulation of the calculated design data and computer program is given in Appendix A.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author gratefully acknowledges the many useful discussions with Dr.A. I. Grayzel
and L. Hoffman of the MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
He also wishes to thank R.E. Dolbec
of Lincoln Laboratory for his assistance in the fabrication and testing of the experimental amplifier.
1-1
APPENDIX
COMPUTER PROGRAM AND CALCULATED DESIGN DATA
UENCY.
o
^
Of
u-
>-"!
ji
a ,J liillii! f1'!1
O
O-
hi;,
5a.
>
>
?z
UJ
i
<':]j><ji!
o *m
<#n
- - X w>
<
o
z
3
ee<iW'i>^ u.
>
0.
g
>
o
CO
l/l
<JO
- z a
w
||l|
111
1
I'l
'!
A III' 3
#
1
*
l.llhli
f j
Isn
.NC
# <\:
" eg
* V
ii**;-,1 "o
_j
sv
W
!'
LL
x
Nl
,'
Kffi
'..." i
fC
'
;i:'
*o
:i|i:liii iUJ
I
y*
CM
mm
Z
_ rj|
* c a
* ir> .
.*M
ii
1
UIL-ja
(-.
of
xoo.
Kaz3#l - -lliUL.>-J.KiniL-a(J
nwi/. jiL.aii3oci<>- if , ~
IU i/i <-. O u.
a.3oo3*coo
D< J>.)-UJ JZIkl
CJ * Co
_J
a. 3
-J>UJ
#Q
>-W<>-'-'aai
.0iu>u# ft'C
,
,,
U
Dinh UttZKU "" # > ">
Z w i ifl 3 t-in i"
;<K^#tv
UICi>Z>-CU>
i- u o # o
a
MO
iLOUiQinitl* iru
u e>
_- it i/i a
u a. * IN
>-u-z isu. j-eeiii.<i*
u. U Lu
l_ O LU UJ U. I UO
t-H
'
MM
5d
^
*-
^- f-4
(M |
.
l(M
oo
Mi
CO CsJ
II v.
X
2. &
u-J> uauoKiui- i II*

(vi
in & O Q O II ^ U X u.
* z
u a - Z--<<J^*OC
a < _i, II s<)ict JOSL* I-"1

3
D'K a a, x
li a. . . * i/i CM st ^
X OS u. X St
- LU < X . St * Z
UJ
~lhUI-I,h<^l t Ulh J _l
K
II
Q-OI'-iDOU.U. II I O - Z # * U. IV LU
cai-0.o.aujujyi4cBOa,# O uJ cc a
a. ~ * x u 
lO
>
&
-
'iiflin
*,,**
^
.
'.'
LU
oo st
C t
o
* z
i a.
<r v

-z
a
K
UJ St
x a
'
*
L_
O.
!>
X
mm
Co
tn >. fj
<j~
(/I
<'o.
0-O
*oo
"v*!
mi\H
z
CD
ml
t-
* *
1 *
w
UJI<r*~

I-II1J
--.ic
KZ
O
u--x
c-a
UJ>
iI.K
|Tifj>,
x
u
K<^*
'vB'Z
Kl
o
*CJ
<l~~
1-1
j CM
i- >sr a
z u.
-a
Co * 1
UJ M ^
M X
*
J(ll
X
!/)
Z|ir
l-mjtco
**
loto
-in
*>a
>tz
IfllMH
5~ *w
1
Co
|I\<*#<I|-H
!/)
II
mm
n
^f-"^ i h> J
CoLJ
c H- I rv.u.um
--o
se
II
u- r u. la II
||* II a
o
u
* X >- X II K II Z

xi- ii i- "- a.
St * m\ St UJ Z U
II *-- se w) st
a +
ii Wl U J.O
ZvJ\
iwxq- <j i
si St C Co o
Xtîl-IUlZt* a >-< - mm VI
*z*3.ua.i 1- Z
Z.
oyMs:o<ru.a n z O < O O II
a i a l o. + LU c z a Q- ct o o ee
'
m4
mM
,. m*
i-
OIL
3euiZ 3u.u.>->uj
1' I l.'l I*"
SilliiiniS
limn 12
mm
u. o
* u_ in
* UJ eg
I ;i if
c
l!":| ::',; i o>

Hw
I;v|;
l/l > III UJ 1UJ

l/l
l/l * K CO
mv)uuj<
*
i/i
t-* 3 *
' 59 "> l_>
O
<l
K#CJC)
3E
-
w '
-J t # 0. w
oe 'o 'W U > ' !!.
u
JC #
CM
O HalOlUIA-U. OUI . UJ -* r
U-h-O
Oh-UJO^-U
* C Z
<CQUJ
-w
<am&
a a 1 X LLJ <J
a
a t- LU <\.
KU>HJ)-lUII2^lf, J-< 0. (/>
t--UMlUK>C* ZO
CO
C
ZU.J4<U.1*HIH
z -
mm
m'-4
Z1!
.
* in-,
"''ilk:. </>
ic:,/.;!'
</>
.;:,,;
* ,
-J
i;
c.
"..O'
1.
ii 1 1 1 ill
i-n
i!i!:
CJ
mm
Z
mm
l/l
*
St
1
1UJ
X
1*
st
*
f\
a a s
It
et
*
t
c
II
o
o
;, ill
ouoouooo.
!'';'
'
"
'
lilt:'..,!.,!'1!
1.;
o u O O
m
'
..ii
ri|| '''iM"1 t iniimi.is,
CJ- c
CM
o r* r>-l
OIQ
lii!
o
1 P..Ill o C O. oo o OOO
til
O a o oo OOOO
P Jo
o
z
:i.iSl
tarn
a
z
m
^"
o
O
<r in vo r>
MiHMil
ooco
OOO
IIIKIH.INF
z z'irz'as z Z
<" oo i/i i?v in l/l m IA.
^
- -M
17
Nl
'III
oo c O - M re
i CM CJ M f\,
oo a oQo
OOODQO
zz zzzz
** ^*
Z
1/1
Z
1/1
Z
1/1
2 .Z Z Z
l/l 1/1 </l 1/1
l/l l/l l/l l/l M l/l
'
"- N N|
IX Wm
lli''feI II
::'.
I.I
,;
CJ
t
K
4
O
w
5?
it
z-
V ill,
PY
om
U
0.
w*
X
2
rn
m
*4
3
C
H-
C
0
U
<
UJ
_l
S3
<
r-
CM
*
#
it
*1
e
cr
u>
it
*
_>
O
u.
*
*
JL
~-
-"
ti * *
<r
^H
rj V O
*
ox*
H-
Cl -" CM
V rC_> H- *
_j -v o
it <OK
CL
*LH
o at
< *-
X a. i
CM r
ii r- <_ at o
Z3 HOl
l_) II OWH
a Z r_i UJ
o c ^ u. _J
o d. a. a. LL Z
. II
* t- u. a K
-T i u. a.
II U- >- LL CJ
rsj UuiC" U
>
f-C!,.''i.
1':
ijiiiii!!
Ub'-iij!
<_.
II
,! oc ~ a z
"J
>K
"Ha ci x
K -J ir,
..Z3U
i > u a -
!iS'".'
W i
r--
CD II
O o z
U. X
f.
.
K
- K
Z X
ai i
JL u iri
Z U II
MMf U
i^ a ~
UJ Z X
O U IT
X 1
> r a (J KIP
Z X II
a. ~ z
- (t:
U O X
HflX
U. it ISU- - u
UJ .
X * X
IHIH
Z> *>. "v

VOX
>- a- r- ee
a. UJ . z
u. ;
'
- .
,!
fci
1
*
^
00
tt.
si-
l p-
'
- >l>
X u.
en
<_>
X
rH CM
i-
CM
<_>
CM
<e
cv sr
P
o
u
ei
o
c
CM
CM
Z z z z z
V) /^Wl/l
z z
</:
2 z ^
i/: iyl i^ i/;
T
C^l
c
c
u-
rr
O
C
ro
O
O
Pm
O
O
UJ
rH
CM
1*1
II
D
fr.
Ct .
CJ
U. X
1*1
at
U0 (y-l
-J
IH
x
}
O > _J
X
<*
oo
-H
LL
X
IH
CM
m
U.
Ui
X
H
CM"

UJ
>ZIXJCM<MCM
LL
X f
IS^-^HIfMCMJL
Zuaj U.ILL
LLCJ
oo.
CM CM
UJ <J5
^ ? X CM CM
2- * * I/1 <0
y- X CM LTl u-i
O U fl LL U.
~ U. 00 #'
LL - XXX
LL ST CX.
at UJ co x i i oir
CM
*p * * tri rM t
t x at t-J LP
^- p*- ir LL
r^ *
UL
(J X X X
CM ** H X *f X I-H
w *S. (f> . ^-i
*iJ ~ X. ilk - CM
-<* -
ILOQ >id IT
r- JE O - i LL
Ct
ct *
C O U. X X O X
jt LL O Lf <t LL w
HM<1
-*
"I CM
fO
UO
CJ
f CM
CM
a
re
o
o
aco
o
o ,,
c<f
o
o
Z 2
z z
iy;
is) <s>
i/i i/;
m<c<>
u._jxHHinmm
LL
UJ^Ci'-U-LLLL
-cta:
rHLL"XXXX
;> CC M >-
oatcjerx
C\
IH JL
fj IT
rtMCV
CM**^-mrHl
LT.
! Xatrrn mm
IX lJ~.rH r- mu-u.
< CM Ul rr
rLL -
xc- ii x x xx
rnCMatCMrHrHX^-XrHr-H
X Mill ^H*
CM*C
C >v t p * (Si w
CM r- - ij-h- Z
ITUJOUJ<C OH<inincc
LL H C"l t Z. O > ILLLLJV

fx
rCSc:*>r-L:
XLTOetOU-XXOXXLLZ
3!c33IU.CLO'*U.-JrHCtUJ
CM
CM rr
HH CM
CM *
LTN
o
fCl CM
CM
CM
m >r
-***
' .-Hi
m
*
r-i <
c a o
o a p o
r . '
j ' ffi, '
o o
o c
z z. x z
ir. i/i to LO
V h':
vi
z z
un v.
rHHM
""
18
CM
^. -~ ^- u u- U>
- oo u. u. uCJ < o

x r~
LL Ii.
u. x CM \)
u. in x.tr '*\
<- .<f Hinirij!
sr 4fH* u^ ir
LL- LL
JU
rt XIX X
-J ^r -! ii
<

w CM CM
lO
<
, a r ~
"$M
~T Ul ^J N 00 a- c
CM rr
c\ CM CM CM CM CM rf rr m re
C o o o o O c C c c.
C c a o o c O C o c
o o ** cr x x x x
z
r f ~
K
fn
^: ^ fc
o o
i > x x .
in >J- CM IT ifi
< O X X X
2 > D H * H *f
[J IX X ~
- u- u u
1HC
r l-l - u
U- CM CM
o II c
-J - CO
* sO CS II
X LL CM *
t\ It CM "Hl-J
IX.
f* i
a. CM X it 3
-j 1 s. z
~ X *
(- CM -
j HI
H- u_ o LL
< UJ O
H<IKI;O
r- h- m i a u. u I. ** *- r
M c\ a 36 LL z v 0
"
U a a a; II O O UJ o MQ*I1!0
CJ 3 a _* z u. o. - s; - u. u. at Q
F-*
^-H CM Cf
*
C_
ill j ';.l;|!il; l;j ,UJ

plllHSHH
nil'.Jii:,,||i.'!i_j - - -s I . CM CM
r o X x x
II DH-tf H H
OUQ> * ~
CJ UJ
irin
! ii. Urj:
: .
m.<~ x x

UlLtlMXXX
at x o>
c/l
j!jiijf.i',,],.'
CM
CJ
>* w LTL in
CM (/I 1/5 #1 U- LL.
> l
,
u.
l!iii"
;,:
t-
A X x
** Hfi r*
- .
ill! CM
X' ;fi
co
UX
fl
.:
r
CM CM
t
.if
fie!*'
u. U- X
u. in
<
"II
!:
li:
- > ' .:|U- u.

Z .
Hi
*
O >
CTl
CX .*'
o
U. X
-i
(Ti
<o .
u. 1]
x
^' * ' CM CM
UJ
*
.|!;r
: ' x||i
'!; iljiiij!
iriii* Nir. ir
'.; .,!'. :|
111!
f>
> x x o!
;M
f\j (\i
t
IT IT
U- U.
iPMSiilij, *> >

X X
--*-*
3!*|i|W:P i-H (M
J.#"i V *
CM
'
1 *,>-
LL
UJ
IT
.11 ' > X ->
K-
O X z
LL
#
*
X
*
Iplfc1 t.
': j, '!-M0
> X
u
l_'
N'l
ii IB,
ili
P-H
r- r>
niiiiiii.:;n
z
cC
UJ
to
z
li
a
*s
1
? 1
!
:' \* ,1
u1
a.
>
1!
1111'' 'ISI
'jki
<
-.-
: :,
l!
I 1
1 1'
, , l
r i*i.i;<viNcv#i:ii#i||& v\ ^ * t* W\ tt -<Oi-iiri-ieD<t;r^cr(Mi,>'i< rw t\. .4liiK'ifllMff * '* Ifli*!1'*! '
co HMMH: IT IT* if|K,0> .*i *\oir\fri'eM ccrcrcocccccoa:croC' t-< f^ fS
iii
*"*'; '
H
ii" |'!i
ID ,' i
, ill
0>lNl0'-l'^'*-*sf,OI^<Oiri|-<'i(r<if\-coaO'*,rri<ci^'-ico*J- fri t\j M

if. ir> p|r IT IT <o.:MWi <cr.r:<|'-*,*!-a'*^rir'>in<c>ciriin-tf-.j- <*
1
1
III
**!:''
X
a:
UJ
"(|J!:i:i''!
lllilllJ
III
i||l.
1 II '
;V' '1
1
'
1
'
1 VII
'
'
ll'llllllllllllllltili
*
1
'
'
'
' "
'
'
'
1
'
'
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
i ii'i
o;r"- in1*) -'C><-i0(rtrvcoroo"'-mo-o>C"-iiricro-ocrif\rnrnin l M>
a.
J
UJ 1
CO
ca
r-^tfifyt--'tr<reo<i:'ajcocrtrir<r\j^-<o>-ircv<-iî<i-icrour-*iir * tV
rri rr, fr.
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
I
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(TV
Hr-0NJiCHO>0,HirO'U'Htt)<l^(i-lM\,(M|f-ôflOH*Uf\: f- (\i CD
Z
UJ
t-
'ft'
Momca)rm(\M"t>c cffO'fO'O'O'ffctMMrooOH f-4 CNJ CSJ

ir**mr(ir'Ci(ni-irmMNiMiv(M(M(\iMM^M>ini(n(ii m rr in
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
UJ
>
9
UJ
>
~ o
< z
UJ
<
CO
<
1
OL
o
u_
<
1
<
Q
z
o
l/l
UJ
>
UJ
u
UuUJ
o
o
a:
UJ
I
<
<
</>
u
1
3
Q_
1
o
2
*~*
z
o
m
II
cccjC7%^'r-irsr-rvjo,si*toor^cporriocircr^'Ou^-'p^^c.r^^'i-'
CD lf> CSJ
Nt;cu(Njcr4;*J'CNj-HO>a-^-ifif. f(T)rr(vHHcco'croiajflcaj r r- r^^tf<rifr,f<ifc>j^<Ngr\.f\jr\:c\jM<vrMr\j<\j<\ifv<\jc\icv_,-.,-i,-i^-.~ -^ ^- p<

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
l
1
I
1
1
1
l
1
i
|
|
-~
*
JC
O
Uu.
UJ
^civ,irrua:'ji(\jHf\j(*,uâ)f,j*(vjCL''T<-"w,r,'ûiuitf\<jh-aj twin
-j- o,-f(rif\fH(c^ôDirfâ,<K<iHDO*ffH^^^(\,c cc *o $ tv o CMT
ooo>ostrcDCCcof*-i^f^t)oô*oifviriifir^-^'<^--j-fri((Tin~in. CNJ c\j cy
f\j
OOOOOOOOOOCCOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOO
gj
V
<v
ir.
.
OJ
r-
i
us'T(*-r\jcof\jh-r*i^-OKr^û(\^Hf-'^-r*t_
-'f^(\.'0i.coor*~u"
r-vir\f-*^c\4r^'Tir>fâ>*r-Ht-''4,c\j^jtiniu>pi*>u>c\j'C-<cor-uj
o <JO-t^-cOt-HC\
cJO^Tf-'-'tPU''<
wniu^<:m^T-if*-(Tif^^-im^'i
,
>J
1
,
fiu u>*t^)Uiru f 'Oy pi*t>^^tjoui.rM<^;r*(/,('(\j(tiû'
Si
s:
>
<\i
r>%r
rr co
tr IT
>o IT
r- uu
o-irc>>-i>-ifMr>jMf<i<r>->f-r-*-ir'iriifK^<t)>*;<:>c^)i--r-f~-r^r- r- r^ rfîôccowa^ccaacccjcoaccajcucocccuctcuccccccccQua'Cccua.' a <*. co
)ino
1O-
l/>
iji
,'
-T (^ô^-^^^'Ocoft)f^^rsJoPl'T^co(\'f'r^\ajû^^n^/'(â'
u< ^mov^r:ip^)ciw^^;ui*Trr\iMGvrfcriîr*oniu,>t(\jo[}<oi^
co 0"-<v-*iri>or-ooCT'Oi-i(MP~>Tirin'Or^cocoo,,oo <\<sifr>->T
cDcocococococococoosavo>0'oô>ovoxoNcy,o>4croocooooo
f O CO
^-4 *J l-l
ir> irt *c
COO
o.
I'I
*
X
'1
o
-- 0* Ut
o ooQvf*,o>Ti-Hcr,Ofnor*-'*"or*-f<,ia*ir>^-r*fsi3(*>. cj^crst cr a- m cc
,
s
c ^-f\(M(>fi'j ,irC'o^-ooo cro^.-<c\jrv.rr sf^vr. ipo*cf*-t^cocoo* (TOO
CO
c fv
t t
rr, rr rr\
19
z
of
UJ
00
=>
z
z
o
z
<
"
^
z
>
in
0>
II
z
o
fi-
UJ
r^
it
to
"8
c
c
"S
_C
4C
<
UJ
1
CO
<
UJ
t
u
<
X
(J
1
=>
Ql
| < m m fVrri en * < *

1
fMOir (tliinC-ifi'oo
r~ ,-*
1
m
H
< vt * ITK1 -1 II4) m m

! 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 III |
ill r"0*ifiBl
s
1
r- no ni IIHH IT oo oo
Pi P "p t
r* <c* cc
! a *-
* llli :,.
OC
PII
m m rn HWMl m tn m
1 1 1 1 !,;! fe ! 1 1 I
ri'^liiii" 1
pv00 r* no ^- Lo In HI I m r- o
'
4
.<'
'
f'i lijili
ml*' !l]f, ;|iP
jniiKi <M " !**.'- O O'Ujfm .-I ^^ -4 iM <<M 'piil CM <v f.
l*i;:*n m en en (> en t*v <*" mm (f fT, <* cn rn fn l*ffv'p>|i(* en m en
1 1 .
1JM iocc
:
|P 1 1 1 1 |'i| 1 1 1
ill
iC*n-*'0oiiJ'<-C)irr'Oo1-( t^W* nj m
OD
mi^ 1*1 in r- c
;i;,v;;^;oc
m > m r- o <-< <r oo >o o

mmmmmmif'tf.a-inflP* *:; m m m mmm m rn rr
m
z
m a.
r^ r- <o mm\w < < m
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1' 1 1 1 !|||!!iiiit;|l 1 1 1
m
|i
z
a
ac
1(1
i .iMh! '*! ! t t
*<IWKci
in r-:' cv o m m <v O :0
z
o
m
o
K
Z
UJ
o r- * n#);I'fxf, 0"> n. 0 -* flD' NC' U*

i t t jlii.i,, t t !#i' W M
IM rg r
c> c
11 * < h in' Li: ;!' i ' i '
at
o
J
a;- << |
ii ,
ill a
PI
I "5-
oooinfr, ô>r-iAr-t\io!fli>r~ttii:rfnrt14)|1^l3voin^
h<l>Ctl*irifl|(M(lu> IT* "ip'if * T e j# -jW fKniHf,
1
i i i i i i i i i i i
<
~j
o
u.
fc
r-H'j,w(\<i-iOM<jc\ia>'OP
rua)iri,ncjocr'
r^roooLrîr^csi'--a,oD*ourt<4,(\j-ooorfc-oir1rnc\j
MNiNjHHHHHHucJiOOOcoonrtrtr trcrcr
OOOOOOOOOOOOCJOIOOi-JOOOCOO
1 ' 1
^.
contr <r no <<r * CJ n o ui N tr a M >oc cr u â

|J(\J'au(MCot>ûcu(\M^^^ôcc\^JClÎô^
u
Urn
1^ a; a: a; a. a;i co ac- cc a; CL cu ay co a, uu <v a; OJ cc a a. a:

ttcccucoctojCOrocoacccWCEiteajajcuoDOOcc ot cu a
UJ
a,a;vOf,"ccf,i<iC}aicru,crr*sj,i--NU^*jr-a'i-<- ^
s
*^H^-< LTiO'rcof\*4;c *Tcte\iiro <viriGuc\utcu-H
*r>-rfco:coO,(rasOu-'Hf-.fNjtvj{\frl <ri r^ -4- -a* -j- ir
3
O
--"* ~ - y ~ - ---
z
a.
^^
K
z
a
"
'f
cBOfwrn <r j-ci MOflOKVMO)'j,B'<J-a)(Miii

,
mi-c\i"uc>mo*mr>-_imo
'm'Oo>Tf--i'*'oo~-inco
<n-(\p<,(nr'''*'-i-inir.m<;'Jjr~f>-r~-flocoooo,o,cr
rv n jcsjfN.f\<Njrg<NinifX(\jnunjnjrN.n.njnjCMrsjf\jcsjo1i
tlHii
rt ^ _
rt--H^
^ (-*-- ^H ^- ^^
~r ,
H JJHIT
~~
03
m^ Mr.0N*0>O-M"| i*i m ^0 r oo o> O w- nj m ^ m

i t . # . t !'!.< t
icmffii'itaW*'*'* * -*-* * >t -t,.ri in in in in in
illlllllllj
nil IIIM
20
Uiiil'iiiiHl
Si 1
(T M (
or 00 (
lie i-M
hr-r- r- I
fjjpjr* *
hi
m m ST
.
**
.-
*>- o- -I I
1*1 tUiM M (
",!*l
<0 iCiO *0
-4 1-3 ,
# h- c - i
If U\ ,# <*VJ,M M M I
p ;'
<- c. m. in i rr. m i
h- o ,f0 * rW a i i
IT IP ,# #1 *l| i-i I-I I
c> f W 1MB C if eg fit '#> N tv <\i \i !fn| CM tV P. ^MMnaiH
l-^.IhW; _i.-,-..-.,-.-,-.__i_._j_
IT IT iltf ffl (s| -- ^- ,

~ f.*"'# - -i ooo
-- . h#M H H riif St iH.n
<
>
f- c CM * .* o- i n
IP IP 70- flV'Iti! -H ~ , L'
D
oooocooo
IT r- 0> -H
O- 03 K r11
fi' gn (|M IT
r- O l\l * r- Cr ~ I \ Mrs ft. qS'

m in .* to N .- <
a o^(h Q1 O1 [T c o-woJipiD
i a
t- o~ rr, \ r or-
1 s
N-i-Cfrtlftl"
. ' t p i
0COOCDCll0OCG0Or-r'-r*rf-
.'IE
< =>
i*o
u-i
a:
< >
<- z
1
LU
>
u
I
00 r- fV'p- r- N-
' to or
,',1,! , o * r.Qi'kjfaa; r^ co rv jt #<. in o- rr 'f*'o ** ^ c rr *c 0*
CM
r- p* (w >. r-
N N II0'O>O
in r- c fy -tf-Jîtr -< r~ un r- 0*" -
SWjl .
. ......,.
nj1 . , ,j;%.
'
,
cor- r^r^f^flr^r^f^rî^h-p!rfcr^r-F^-r>r^^r^<)>0'<><5>c *o -oo-oipsoootinmirtm
Si
illij
O O11 *1 f1 O ii
O U O IT tM
r- c -a *c
*C SO
sT *; st1 so sc.^ ^ -i,- >c o <J sir s. vr u> m u'
vo <. st
O tr >0 pn.p o I
O 0s cr (rlgi'.oo <
IT
O (r ^ m
si
QP
!*:' :ji
* r- m r>-,rf fl^m m i
'
'"Ji'il
O cr c r^ O M: Vm ou n . to ^; r- p- tn f\- r\j
CM
IT
m in
: 1
"' "!i.
jijfi
ir u- u- ir u- u
*r < <r <r
cr rur r- cr ^ "* o <y a> r* r ''!; t
w ii r-ljiwB* -<
~ ~ u > CO *j pm rn m
Odun Oilip M| OD m i
Ulf IT O- 0> I- f-
u^ ir ui tn
K -Win (
aj i
<5 8
LC IT U-I
i co fvi r* KM in
n< (MMITI
NL 4J ur. m -r n n> N Ivi M c o tr ao r rs * i
so irm ir ui; w>

tn: m
n..*n!
i ir
!i
!': \
INJ
\ tr m r- o tf - < m m I CSJ N vp CJ t.'

'aiffi jijiii*;
(T H (T ||\P- If M
-i O ";;> r* r-
* cr n'r*, * r* c;
r fo f''fM',rsJ *-* c o
cp i" imiii- oj i-i

- c flf! s r*; r ,ij' Hi
fîiffll'lfl'
tv cv, rj U:!IM
,Di
MI
-i ^ rr ^ IT |w
"" "**mI'lliil
'Mi 11 Mi m'
21
issspm
<C I"- oc
* o 0"
i+BS* F* *.' ! 5ji
f- f hi r- M* <c .IK! <C >O O :<?. <e' o ir

M f-< ^df|t|t|l|[MiM r* f- jfj fl-ti^'** ,-< lM *-*:pil! ^-< . ->
ir mm1:0i O x|M<i#Wk< r- OC
;&*S2 c< S
<t -c u- 'Wm *-' o o
s
t ;*'. ic; t KM t ,., I<||.,...

co<c >0%; <o avin Jri:. IT ir> *n Ifijlh v ir IT
r-* <-* r* H **! -* " <-" HT(i+|-* -*-* -! .- -i W4' t-< -t t-
* ** O:^H IM * if>:<o|ii:o- o t*n -r r> r- oo
o its ,|l*> iMis c.'trcoi'-'Ooi^ !*i.fn NHCC
IT IT IT tf\ IT
U"\
ir<&4r<t<4,<#<t*-4,'4,*t*'tr\
M f J LT\ * CO cr c - PI * IT
< lf\ * fn <N rv HC 0> 00 f- O *0 IT -4- m r\.
4" -4- * 4" + *r *tf" *$ f^ fi p*i pi fri
NO
PN
r- oo
o <r
P"t Pt CO PI P*> P* CNJ
fv >* <0 f>- V"

O IT *T ff| (N
(\.
pg ^ ir\ <o oo cr c *- m $ in *e r- oc.

-* C 0> OD ** *c > IT 4 (ft M >* O C
ffi ft. jfi m n
p-
m in (\j
I\J <M CSJ
rv <\J V M <Mi CM IN p-
C <* i|Ti * to: a c ** m >j- m * r^ oc

(V * r- a
o ir <r en (SP r\ t-< o iw" C |h-, *o o IT 4 (Ti M H O a
"8
<\. < m *Q oo o* c PN rn * IT >c r- oc

CVi * !* fl1
<o IT * Cl K' r\. -I o o* p r- c o IT * r- <M *- c a
nH i-i P4 (Ml "
fNj * *o r- cr
o IT. *r fn tv
* ^.-<oeioooc'Oooc<<r
(\j
rv sj IT- <tr!to cr o -* in 4- in o r- oc
-i O C oo i*- c unit*- rr r\j o a
oococcooov9,(Mrcj'5,oi(Mrai(r(r
o
IT
t ifl
MM
<-c a- flWp" *oir.*r^(\j.--c a-
o tr tr a- a u tr c oc
OD
a:, a a a. <r a a: a a. r-
rv -j & r- a >- f\j *j- IT so co cr c r-i xr u- * r^ cc

^tf^-rrrwrvîc1 (r,cor-*%oir><P'c\j-*c:cr
aiocaiaoooooflcoL'p-r-r-r-r-r-r^r-i^-r-r-o
c\.*T'Cr-(rp-(\^'iri<;aio,c - rr ^ in î r- ou
*OU^Tpr(VIV^CON0Ch-'**r-*fr. (V^ca
f^r^^f^rwr^r*-rw-c,c'4.'NO<;'Cocor
T
< O
^>l^'4tT^(îf^-'CJCôo^-ô<;l^*T^tpg-'cc^
i1 * O O -C <- > >i" IT* U"> IT IT LT LT IT IX' U^ LT IT >T
rv.'C-itir-o^-fvj^rmicoctrcip". rir^r-cc
cir-tfrrvjf\HCO,<Dfk-*'Cir^fnfNj^cia
r\. xj- <3 r- cr _. r\: sj UA *C a. u- c n- sj uo < r~ a

* u ^x P' (M rs t;. LT tt; r^ su %i; U' *3- pr. r\i (_> LT
<
>
*u^^^rycv't-cjcrocr-o)ir'irm(\i^-'00*'
U
*. u
.4- n
(\ c\, ^- 1
^ a.^ >c 't u1 -j n <\ - c u-
tV.C\(\JWCV(\J[M(\|i
Csisr *ô,F-N<miticuirt;<-<fiû>'t)i
*OinsJ-fTi(M(\.^.C Wttir- -C * IT * n (V -< 1
IOOOCO
00000 O c
I
n CM
.(\j^co--cNi(r>^-^-ir<croc CT C
OCi-
C
I
3
o
CO
^Z
P-
'S?
<
>
1!
. O
=i to
o
< s
a >
>
23
c
CVj
^-f*- a> o
in 4- .|0| (M, 04
- -v\ a> C\J
00 OC ' OP *
i - (v ft mil
i io * ,0. ntW
fl ' |!i'i
ifrf will*! i
i oc oc <E,#'*pi;oc i
'
oo r-- in m,"C!r
0'W;r
CM
<
>
=- z
o
>
>
tl
sr
a u
CD
1*1
m cr
IT.
(N.
cr IT
>
o
ee M IT 0
03
ir
a. y
cr
fr-
i r* irt <r i
ui tCN ui Li
CT
Qj IT
CD
C
0
in
0 cc CO
in IT
IT
49
CO
> r- w x i
u
CS
*i r- co o
CD
o-
03
IT-
cc
IT
If
rv
ir
rsi cr m 03
u< u- ui m I
o >o r- o-i *j -. i
* cr ir o < ** r- i
i to 'inl IT -4" *T -* en cn <\ i
CM
C0OM
* + <t
**
* * * **
-*
3
o
;
'iii.'
iîl,
Mil'
cc
a
i- oc a 0,:w r*t cn ,j ir o r^ oo cr o -:i
24
nminiiiilllinill
z
UJ
>
11 nil li
'1 II ' 1
1
UJ
a. '"ilii *
oe
Bui
w*
u.
"Ill
ilia
UJ
i|
-1
>
K <
Of;.:'!(*
o
<*
cti:
>l|!
_J 0. O
-JilUi
Wl
li
lii'1'I"

<sti
UJ
>
<
to
LO
 M
,f *
1* ,*>'* 1
a
' O
II.
V)
uinHH,*' t-uj
x Wl , < t-
V ' '. u
>-*'0.'"3E
WN UJ ID hm w Li LL <
3~<J
.'..' . .'M
O. I
' V>
is-.
0;,.:|l I
1 #'.*
1/1 > (- k
- 3
K#,.OC>
HI
'lii
lii
:,!*.,:
i 11
ill lii
' MI
^
'
Q
'.ft
m
>~
rv.
"
* u m
cv< *
#
XL
Ifii
m*
trt
mCM
->
<">
i 'i ''
' i
H** ,. .
a
u.
j(
CJ
FJ* '
o.
n\ *W>NUI
o-st<ia.
UJ-VI-K
- UJ
IO fH X
*-CM
OBZ
.MI
i/>i
(n
U^
111
# <
'.-
UJ
X
t
K
U_
is
CSl (V UJ
1 # 1
IMK
z # *
i
iriiN
LT ~ IT Z
* f-< M
!
i
M 1
V i.i
1
ac.ie '''
UJ 2.
O
''
MZ
a. '!
v
jt*
. z
X
K
.:
UJ
~-rm3st;
<^J*
ox
sc
1 rvj
fl'VU
C7>0
U\CM."H
-#
#
_ st
cnjL
mc>
"vmz
<HM
I--J-0.
. i
a
u_ r
i
o
X n ru# a.
H V o> N
* CM KS Q 1/)
ZiCMO.OJ
i <r
i
(iO
I < 4inu o
Kh-i~CJ-J
zu.ujaroci
K
UJ^J^
-XX'->O.#
X-
-ccstcM
# >- X
St M
# <IkH
tK_J
CMUJOOI
l/IKh
#cn.o
>CZSt>.<-H
# 1
1/'
 io ii l/l W >A "
11 fliw Mr
Z5
i
i
O
illMliMF'liiiil
iimiUiii!
M
o
C\J |
CM
CM
UCJ #
|C1
CM CM ^
II
II "S. it O
st at X f*
U) (M I" H II K 1 Z
" (" O
tJJ
LllwSilvi >-<ix m IIW X
^:>r^>~
st u- .
c # II * SC Wl St
X i l/. UJ X 3
x ^ u H II M * Cjll JCXQ3LO
-OI-ZU
a- X
<St:cMXi~0
StZStUKO^CM
< |
.
-J -i ^ st t Zt-X#~'l-#U - JCX + X#
a
X x a - li ~- * *C _J . LL
X . a; - z
UJ UJ a - it
it
IQItxQ'Jll.O II Z 0>T(_1<00
craDOhiflj: ltHa, + a;Q. + U:OZa~ Q-+U.0COQ
j i ;!!:|ji|j!
, "V
,
i>
33
3C.
.
i
x-"
H-esi/s
uuoaooouuOoou u;,.
'
N*
! .: ii' i
ini/iuiiui0.u.oai<lh* in
:. ;;!|jj|i
III
!':,!<
:,
-<
in
UJ t/l - O >U.
ILt>CU3t MC
uâh-uijzu.a
i_ # r\
_
O. 3
JH
UJ
#Q
>o>K aaut a.a
(_j
3"KQtEZ>OMH' tfl
U)a.m3hlu
h- z # c\
IUO!MZMCU>
h-UO* O"-uj
- c:
ua o u(j m UJ x u\ U
ej o
_i li (/)
LL or * c\j
.
- U. Z IKH.J'>4|1CII *'#4*
ILUHUU
ibouu,uiaa
u- _J Jl 2 E U U K UJ x II il *
(V
UJ a. o o u u
IIZUIU.-*Z
St _l II a. Z--<-'ZijtJ
X _l .- II ^Xlfxh JU1 -U1
3
Ci-xii.
ii a ^
. * u; i\
ICILX^. UJ <a. x
. st z
UJ
x-t_;t-li-stx#uj*KXU-Z DU.ll.l-ll II X * X U
aoxMOou.u. ii x c z * u.
Qai-aaao.iijjii.coii*oiL
.;IO>
-1
-J-I
hUJOOnXhvllliHaOO
!' li I
lilill bill
i l.'N
1:'..;. :"K
1 i ruJ
:,,:':;i,ifo
'I'll!'
MfflHH
'[.'li;;!
C>
sr
z . a
icujHja
-.
ia
a
x u a.
- a z 3 * ~ i-
:'!
>|i
i.m '.;'!
aO<ouj> 'u.*.
o
X#,^,*S|
CMjQUJUf^lLDUl * UJ *- # ~
U-l-O
OK lUDK-O
* O Z
CD UJ
>--
0L#lnO.
tH.tU'<l
a
B-hlutN
Kiu>-Hij>-ijat3zviji*-<IG-1
1- IJ " UJ K-
O Z C
CJD
o
zu. jii.a.t H>
U.->UINUIUU
#&N
-
"'ill
K 'Mi
Hi.'
# u. c
ift li"*
If oE<
t-# ru -
_J
ill i|
'.:ij.:-
i
;l<u.'V
!!!';!
,|| 1 u
Mall;!
Ml
'ift
||
l.tiii".' V:'
!i
- 1- X K 3
cc iiiri i-f ~ u.
11
ill .
i II
O, >t i|:i |M fl
-s ^* . illM ^H
"
1:
eg; BO
cQi'iao
-JJ-lPsOF^-*"-
ccoo
cooo
00
^-
o
o
., ;i ooo
i-jj'ooo
ZZ
/!</)
h- NM
ZZZZ
\r, in w <Si
M Ml taa.M
Z
v.
SEZZ
isnfi v.
- . ^
X.Z
/Ji/!
-~
& c
i. rt 'CN (V
!;', i 3
1 1
ifl
I.II.I
ji
t
''''"
' .
!;;]! !J!i''-S|
]];!';, ./, 9L
i i.
Hi
if
2?
o
' <~
'tis
K
.*
'''('' wl
' 8-i.jli?*
mi
..
at
i*
Xi
1
o
Ifl
i,|i
.*
#
*x
--*
~o
c
Q
'
y.
CM
<
1
o
o
^
II
oc
IS Z
XI
OO ft. H"
CM >
~* t-t
- 1
j1 I
,.;'!'!
:;/;;: 1
cv mi.,-,kh
r co o c
Cfl i-
i z
t- - UJ tf>
sss
<_>
1LL
U.
t*t
a.
O
w
it
* Z
X
frt X
P":
: IT
'.
oo
' u.
, *
X
PI
>T
.':!!
CM
U>
</>
"
,.
UJ
11, on
CM
(ft
CM CM
> x
m
II V0
Oi>
o
z u
ft
> ec
V
itHinir <
V) , u. u.
-.* - - j
||i
< O'X x x ii. ULiU
3^ * -H i-'S' '*t|:Y
(J
- -
UJ - rv r\ CM
* .
xu. cjrxxxx
a. u, c # ***>'
*-LUO - - ''*
K K - CM CM CM
UJ 'in* '
U.-JX -.m\m
UJ fl" - LLU.U.
0CC0Y
^H
ui *
xxxx ,1"::;,''
-
-i cintvipj
CM*- # en ~* *\\%
* 1- X JC -< ITilMV.Yi
C) - r - in u-ift.;;,, ,:!
ro m u. : :HY.I
II O X X ftXX
CJX-OCCX
XNIHHX4-XMIM
9L
Join, o^ + u.-'jiJainaffi-rii. i"'w UJ
111
II'"'!:! ,!
o
OD
CM
.
m
u
x
: irii ftX .,. ft tu

M_: -N. . vCMCMS)
INvhft * 1- tlCiit
U_- O UJ <l O * < IT. IT' U c ui j c * i u^ m a.
H- fO (. JC C! - - Jtu.li.t- m-a:cs a.u.u--a
-Ct
OC**'-"
-CX
ftftCtftftftCKCJ
ocOotOu-xxcxX, oc OocOU-XXCXXOWZ
! | CM
1 j **"
c
<** U,.. . XXX'X

. > u. j- CD ** <H;
OXUJCDX ** m
-HXOm" *CMM
ruv u ^
i- x ^ - -- mm
vi > >< r- unu-u
CMCMfflt;*- LL -I
CHC X X X X <CMXCMi-l X--X ICM
Jtîn<
*>i
O^.~.CMCM^J
rt w K- *TI~ *
;| -i
I'll ' *
J'
at * ^ ^ #
wKx -cifiioin
OOcr. U.IA.U.
i ii
U. X *.
u..;pj|cr
IHii'1 .# K.
'O'i-' ;iiW- J*t
- #:# w x
(J UJ
X' p- * ., iiJIIwi
O "'-* m ' Wlpr'1! 1
C U CO U. U. U
;
UIQ
,,,!
ow crxxxx
U " X w

u- in oc
m
i-. . ui
u. t
_i p
J.
_i a ft
x u.
IM a. x.
^-
~ at Z : X
hMl
;. - CM
-" 1 DC ' O O '' . < *
>lLliMlH
fK JUNK
II O OIU O TS O -O
ZU.Q--XU.U.
O
* us uv
N^^ "-ft. U.
'! -J
, 3||l> ''l l!
en.':: i O x X K'^'i
a <*> 3 ^< < r*
Q UI CJ*
- *
(J li_ . CMCMCM
ft
X f Jijl
i ft, r -H n < UY
;l| M;C0 - u. u. u
I'MBIS
O O
^ (\
* Z'
CM; 1
. 1
it\ |
u-'Y":/
. 1
xii i.iii ir
Q n*4 ^ fM fpH
"'1
O'lt.X'-, ;Y
n
' Z
O- *HH
UJ (J
X > X CMCMCM
U- UJ
(MM
f>- -H
u. .
 v)i|A .ut,!in oo oo V) V. 00 <rt 00 V)
>
u.
x
n
>
XXX.I
X rt* PSNICNil
a. ^. O i*.
- (x 1 oc -*
fl
o
- ,-..- ft. -
CD
iu 9C x
o >Q ir
xs*
> m 'ec
i_> ^,'Cn j ,
m m
coi'Ooooooooooo
o C c o C O O o o c c o e
CM CMhfrUiiPdiiNJ CM CM CM
xo .11
%?'.'::
r.n><}<
| *ii; ";|;!
- Mi:"!i!i
x v *;,;, ,ii
!.;'- - u. u.
1,1 d ' *
I"**. H x,JK'tc
Hi .- sr:H.*"
! i.i'îr ifflx - .'
.,!*, m cS N
r-
>:k
- u
IN
i, mm:CM IT m
it ;;*"* - u. u. Hi; p!
"*~ li
.
#
!,:wx
; |p in
u.
-.,!-
xtt
!|
ft
M*
^- *CM x-îiH
iMgilftj 'fl
M;:,inl;
UJ
ft . o ""
*- O CM +>
iO M O - ii o ii a
aa2iM CM X CM
# * O 9 * Li. U. i ft JL
# O U> M D U- 3 9
<G
<0
U^l a. u. 4- *. <_J w O
o ft II ft*
<-> i K ir u- c i-hr-hint"
ftw
'ft*
II C XlkU." *C Z
O II - U. - n. OOOtOgf
o
MM Q " u o o x Oft.
,,;
oo
-lli
r-
z ,x
i **
ii!i *
A'

11'
u.
m
>X
anou1
<_>
>-i
o.
3 kfl 1|| - IH f-l 1
fw
Z U H
.
*
CM
WJ
i-*
u.
'-'OK,
y D K '^
c*a i H

l-0l0
*-miW ;
m m . i
T* 1 " i
1-4
!;i>
ft ft
^ 11
'Ail U.U. X X o *s
Silil1'
Z3IU i!,'1 K
i O W *.ii|| l:C
Uj
**. a *
> -;B:ii"
* 31 !*!;'!i
o
1: . at;
, O w * -
CO
ii. v
UJ
XN VO
* . IS
Oltt CJ
IN r- ft IN
X
CM
' iBiiii. i
a
at
<
> X :*,;*'.!i
-" en BiKi'i"
i : 1111
iliiil
ii
ft.-*
U> m IM >*
;as.IT. pN|
u.
o i<r z -
u
a.
w
K
w.
*
a.
$:'
SVBi a>^
u. x >
"!JR
4)
D
C
ft.
*
*ft>
ft
CM
I! Hill
11 *3i|
"S ?
iililllii
P'|:!!!;ih
i i i il *
r^ oa ^ c
fp (ft tf\ "-T
c cp o o
cooa
Z ft' Z z
00 l/t w vo
iiiiiiiiiii
26
<
11
co
[Q IV! II!
CM
Ijljl
* o o>f ^
c
O
1' ' Z
o
'
rM
:!,,::>
ftM
!'! '
|IY
.:
1
CM cn *
-it
1
(M
W
^
00:
zz
| |i| 00 t/1 t>0
ll'llll -
gft
JO
- >
o
*
4 !r- W> cr
i" W':i
z
*"
-
1 SflR
r iPi f
a
O
o<5 o
O I o
z a z
1/)
*"
" <c r-!of!i

<c o \r in fe'||
I I I I Q-
<
cr <r co
o
O<
OJ
oc cc
o> *> o>
*1 t-4 0
' ' 'P.
on
HI
z
>
0* Q\ Q< Q* Qv 0t'C> '01 **
<NfMt\jc\if\immmm
u_l
ni i ' ' IIIP '
ex:
>
> o
z
< <
a:
2<
'"111-

y
z
i>> r- r-
-o o ''IK oo
i r ei M r-
r- co
CO <C
(M 00
"-< * <\j'M <r

m in in,Mi m
,i
m r- m.<s -i>Oinu<-<eomw>m''\j
friioj!(ri<3|Vr->on'cufiiJ|cuu'u>
m u^ a* y in o in o in in *, jp- <j (_.
m m m sj * <, -o >o * ,0*
till
tf * m
mmmnjCL>mOeo|ao c ml o* fr r~ c cr IT on * rn oo m p
*HM^ O" TIO1()IUI
o m (r j- oo c\i o t>.(0|j!>:.iN m o> <M
:,
40 !*-'fi co CO 0J- 4- in m m ^
CM rvj'cy m
(n in "Inl in in in
S p, '9 -*
;i<jO so <J
o c o
Oj;Oite>. O O
8a.
ooo
ooo
ooo|B
oc o oc
- - -if
a.
iiliiill
27
JA
C -c *0 * ^ >< -0 -0 -O'D
OOop<8|.<flOOO|
ooo
o o o '
o o o op
O O O O!0
*- *- ^* * vîlm
** "N ^N I HMlt
cc
-i
<

oacc o
fl f**V JTt .$ ^
>
rn <o m eo r-
<C m * . *
I i in! i
x>
o
Ifl ff\ O C
dYtn n m r~
11(11
CC
a
c
o
U
Iz
LU
tr\
\i
z
(j-mêo-j-trcgfrioo
en <>* m
II II I
o
ooDLO(^t-<trr-infoiNio
!
' ',
U
c
o
U
oo
>
i
<-
LU
^-
<
X
u
z:
a:
r- <o <t
<L>
11,11
I
f
<
3
I
!|
,!,
IK
3;
i: '; fill'i
j -r < *# W> f". rn rn
v. m vi m v\ v <f if*
a!*Mnooiiicf<iioi4(<iC'|,<*iX'UiM
OOtro<creDajoDi^ls-NOO<omLriuiLO*<J'^'rrifnr)
Him<\jr\jc\ic\*iMC\ic\JC\jc\jrii\i<\ic\r\ir\jfMry<MC\jf\irv
ovoooooocoJoooooooooooo
'i ,:li
o
*
rvîtr^cur^vivir^-j-cc^âctî-icrsom
flOH^'r^MncMioirmiiMMurriiM* rM(Miu
U'(Muioup-<iooi(v*MrN*'ua'i.H(\i>i!ir(jM
r-io:irttjoioLoCi'<l-HMi(\iNM'iii
>OsO>c>*j><jMiiCr^(^t^r-i*'r-i^f^r-lfcr-i*r-r-i^
f\J r- CO in p ^(N-OOP^ÔOCT O-H o ceo

ITNIf cx;^*fl'CC7itv*j-f^tri\i^îcoc;f*vmfHfC^CJrv
V
M00 1U0'0 C!'CI'OOOOI-<I-"HMH(\INM1I
o>0-c-côiO>oir-rr-r-t".ir-r-r-r'-l^r-:f'-rr=3
O
o O o a o
ooooooooaoooooa o o o
i,1
z
a.
CD
Q
oo
oo
oo
oo
-
o
I O '
gaooooooacooooaooo
o
aooooooaooooogooo
I O '
c o c o o o o c o o oooooooqcoo
o ooooooooooooooooacoo
W V *< W .w ^
%'*_<
*w
S* Ws^Vw
W V-.J
** , .
i," '"'k.lll
(liii.MUfll I
m rr W'pn,"* * * *
1H
.. ,'l,!,i
CC
EC
z
3
j*''|ii|;'i#'!>~> o v o'rvi ino-fricr'^îvirtvjc WV > m ^ j- * * 4- V o r- cr o cvi tr> r- c

ei -< C) <r co l*"*. #'* r : * *
IT IT >C
: * +'fniiif m (^ ffl Ci to r- re en
fi'.fn.ffi ffi m r trt M f r r
l
i
i
I l
l
i
I
I
I I I
I
I
I
;:, I l I
I 'I
l
l
I I I I I
f||||TTr|
ir^c^^ffim(n-r + i'lfiinir>t)î'c6cro^-Kifriii;\cop-<o
jrt' m fri fr (r, fn fn fn

.; Hit! ^
CV C. cv. cv cV \i ro f\j
3
O
O
-J
|! i
II
Z
"8
LU
c
o
U
"g
in
n

,1:1 . m
Ss-is
III
111
<
a:
vhr
.......,,,
r^ ^3 trv ir\ <r * fn fn
CM
I'
!m ffi p> en CM(VirSl<MPi|tM<NJC\.CMNIlV|t\ltMt-ll^>lifff-l

i*H"!iUll"H * HHi*iHMi-<iHHM4Hl*]lHrHH!fUiM>|H
I I
I
I
Ff '
Of
<t
X
x
u
i<iÔiroirr><N<oir''ic W cv cr >o m PH co <o Moa<cMoirKiri^MHO

l:i t |i]j t
ovoeor^r-o,i)u'ir>>,-->9,i (nnNfjNiVirti-iHH006ooo,o,cOvo,(rir
.:M. M c\ M rsi <\i (Si CM CM CM CM cvCM M ISI CM CM CM CM ,IM niNMMIMNNCMIMololHMHHi-i
(Tl CM ~ o
o
U
,Wfj]
<
D
O
l_>
CO
irv c *ot^tmrom<>evc>jia>h-ti*crrric>io*rrvio>r-r,-ooof>JifNcr(>03<,>jooff><T'
. 4
Hririr^r-ociWcrfM-TiO
pcionmi'ir. *** + ITIfiOin-f + îJ^KiKi c*i m en
I I I l I l I l I l i l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I
I
I
I
I
CC
~
t-
>':!'"
ir\
p
CM
CM
ro
Cv
Cv.
<r
m
CM
CM
r>j
-<
CM
CM
I
I
irircor-CMr-tvojfnoomcauONff-MO u-ac^cor-uatro^rvj-Tâ
cKipowi^ôwom-fftf^NOt irrnîoh-irirnôcoo^j-rvjO
^rt4i-ioocjocr>cri>crouoouoeor^ f^r~f">0i0<o*>O'tiin(f\i\ir>ir
IM CM '(SI M 'BUI fM V <N :m -4 i <H t- -< llM' r- IM i
OOOOCit'OC>OOC-OC>pOOC)pOpC'OC'OOOOOOCiOOC.OO
!n * >-i >c -> a. 4} *i <y oc- m rr>. <,f is), i^ ^. >o (*( fn > rvjocor*-i^(\jfsnr <o c\ w < H cr
u* * ir r- cvr\ju><\jrvr-<-,irinr'"f,eir-r'-triOCvr\.
i m o r- r<-'irit-'tjircufijir>oo ninis-Cff"-' '-i(VjCsjrg<\<-ii-iaffirfcO'TrMU
<r o aj u
u*. vo r- a
V- o - <\ c\j n i *j- u' <
r-
ifo ro n ro sr>T<T'<rs-tuiiruninjriiririip<0'OW>u
r* |K r- r- iî^r-r-r-i^-r-r^f-i^-r-r-i^r-r-r-ifcrI
ill!
*ûDo-^P]^^tr~c^^^^^nsr^f^rôo^^Cl1^r^>Ju"*^"ODO^c^-<^l(^lf^^ûl<or--
pfflo
3
O
o o o
SSI
o o o ooo o o o
o c o o o i oocoooooo
o o o o o < oooocoooo
o o o p o < ooogoqooo
*
X
O O O O O I
Sao
COCOOOOCC
-< <fj jM - ^- -. H M i- rt l rf|d m ^ _
CD
iI^.Hl- f-r- r r;.S:fi:i|||co co oo eo ct)if cc cr o-
im,Hrt|i*l>^
Z9
a
U-l
co
X
oc
<
ii
3
o
a.
3
O
CO
TS
w
K
Z
in
M
Z
o
o
3
c
c
o
U
>
<
CO
y
i
a:
LU
I
CO
m
I1
<x
z
a.
P Q:p: C O O P'O O C O P p C' O O P p P O O O O O O O
o
z:
12
r c *$!'# pi ui >T T Hint

"IftlftW IT ai ii*,
*-> M
r- ip ( m ir in -< >*
o fjii ,IM (ii n ^ irvui
o
n*
en
i0
.
*
ptco
~c
p- <o ii o
IT .J- .^
<\i <5 <_> .cr
<\ 4N f^ m
t \
!'
i- -r IH> # c <t) P* ID 1* W T o m IT >r C tn i\ * o *

CC CO 0>. CT C' '-ie"v' ess <** "
o - *w fti JJIi * * irv ((1 <*>>. "
O t)h> ,*i a: CO CO OQ'Op Q CO CO ^ CO CO

r r-. h. t- h- r>- r -iB r- r- p-,#t r*
,,:i
o
a.
>c u< a r- so
o PI W T TO
o> T TO (f rv c i_ I-VWH
a- UJ a. a. co a. a oo flo CO ao oo TO CO TO TO 00 O* cr ul(J o> {r o- tr

r- r- f- r* r t>- rr- r- r- r- i- r- p- '"-'If* f r* P- h-
Bii"
oo <o
i** co'
<c <c * ff. r*i

ci >u oo oo TO
. IT tr <
r- r ai co (r
i.o
TO 00 03 TO Cjl| C7>
J * ii
o o ptiiP pi o o o,
:
CO
30
r*- r^.itt"'.fsi pw r- p~
||0> IB I
K "
<
>
z
^ 2
3
>
u
IT -O P- MU|i HMI1HI Ji I

MNN | film \m\ (*i m m H fm m <
Jl
ro <r
-o m
r- rfsj
c
>D IT
t
<o -O
<M
(M *T
*C IT
n in
t
1-4
(\J *
O IT
1
u
<>
o
u
Q
a:
o
cc r- r o
ir u-> -n *r. >
IT
ir
IT
-_r ** *r
-J
c -r -y <r -r * ^ iri m m m (^ n <*> m m m m
CM
f^
CJ
(\ pn .* <r ifIT ^ fct tvi m- O
tv fsj fvi f\J CM *^ f\| f\J
Df* P- -4.! U-
<
*^^^,*'^*<frt.^(riirvTiî^|ri|T)fnrnc\j-r^rwric>jrsjryivi>jfyc\jî
1
r\ >r *c r- o*;~* r\j * fi OB O On#n *m*N a>;a o *"*
>
I
C\J
m -r|r. 40 r- cc
pn(^rntîn*înmwftiryf\jf\jf\jfH|i\CN*r\if\ji
,*-.
T ""'-"
(\J ni if *rm
to if- r><cir 4- 1" W H C
fHCODOqoOCpOO
' *!*',,> r- CM - * oS, w a> r- M <o

in *r en I
r gh KI.:M u o .IM 4- IT <c rr a>
,
i,
:
i,
"
(M ^1 MM; M MVN|J*< -iHwrtilir-HOOOOOCU i_ll'"*; l_! * ' ' *
o - o o o
:P :"'.,"
i'l
I!
'
d li
.
r.inll
II I I I I I I I
C\J -* * r-!:p ^M*iin*i

O Ui i*1 (TV |S| <\j c
~
cM'T|~'-oi<--cM'Tmo<
k h [V.M C 9 ^
*r irv o r- :( cr o <
CM
fci en
o -> o O O c
I I 1 1 1 T< 1 1
o o o!o 000
1,1
1- -CiKOii*,,* fr
. CM -. L,
* 1^ MMp cc
C* O
o *!fM
??T!T:7TT
Jj|*| I11M"lift
11!
CM CM
IT
v
!
o
I
It '"
a? OJ r- i s IT
< IT * f- (D (Ji
rsj ro
I I
ts* r\j <\i

I.I I
CM
<
O
IH1
c r-|as
a
$2
1 CM c-1 |ta'llhi||hj) f- CO CT;0 iPil m ^- irt;}
M
T * f" I*. * ? ? c O ^ ^*4
H N
rvj |ft iri 4- ^ 4-irylr i *> r-
a'h-]ien'*m(\1cM4iiiic3P flcr-*^* t<i-:M

r
CNJlNJ<M CSj PU M.IV:M* fH-*rHH*W'^-f-* -' O p P.O C C CB; O C C ff> 9 |9< f (h'(T 0s C b":C**<!
crcrr--oir4-n-rMf^^-cjO',ccr--<iir*^ m
CSJ
HOtMot-^m^nMHOôoN^ ir> 4/ 4/ n~ \**- o
-i^-t^-'^M^-i-H ^-^--^* ooCTCC-OCOCC-pÔ'ff'Cr 0^ O* <MMT'^(DCOl8>CD(0<SOC(DU(D
oCDôtriirf*i(\]fsjr*ocroo^-oir 4-fif^-'oa'<cr- <cir\%*'P%isji-*ocrecr' 4S irv 4- 4- m K ,- p;

i i iii ii t iri i i i t t it i i I;I i i1 i t I'I t i i ifi i' i '' 'ilij '
o c L c c c c o u c c cr tr cr tr o- a cr cr cr cr oo CC CD OC QJ a; cc co a a r- r- r- r- n-lf"- r- f- r- f- IN
ir-cr*rfccaiacc^^^fsjfvjf^<^^^îru>rso<*^-r-r-a)euaDcr0<oôHcroooo-^
(^ttr^ôu^^r^^'f^'MO^TO^-<)l^-^f^f^J^^c<ôc-r,,'0l9'f^^.-*co'o^^-<o^^J^', <NJ.- O
j^.r-fêro:aocci"^-^r. rr^r-j-^ru-tT' ir-o^c^cr^r-i^ a- a a: acre <r o* O C CO **'

a a r- *ciTNrf^rMcv-*o<rarôir*f^rvi-4c y no r- *> ir 4/ cr, p.. HCtrcr-^cir^^rNHC
a a a a a : cc a- a a or a r~ r- r- r- r~ P- r- p- r- r- c
<C
-t >t <
-A
< ir u
lf\ ir tr u
u~ in
if\ o p |h- cc co cr cr c c> H - rMri1 en .* ^ * m ;m m -all <o *c r- r- p- co co co co p> o-^ltr o cJoc^

cr cc r- ^pm^grp. p*r\..HO(recP- -tit <J r. P*. <-t^<reer--%cu4'P'<\. caccr* * ir 4 c r W*HC
p-r^r^Kp-p-r^rfcf^r^r^<><?^*<><>*)0''inir. m;
irvor-r^coeuaacc^^^rvr^prn^-^-^'ir. in tn,c,c > r- p

i p- CD as oo no (Ml^'ifipiCP o c 0 o ^
cêcr^în^pipopjôa-ocr^û^^p^p^wocêoKiû^î
^^(vjHOaCD t^'WWV'4- 4" P' K *
> o ^<CsDo-Csc-c*f)ir m ir if m ir ir\
-J rr rn iff;!#>,
!:
rifli r r (^ r m ,1
IT
ir U" 4- < <r >r -i < < -r c
m<>r-p-eccoacrc o-Hf-if\j<Mi^mi4^ 4/ininu^**>cp-p-p-eccocccDiirC'<rcrc c P pi w*

oôcr-iou^^f^rufvôoôcr^îfi^mcvjôcrooif^û^^fnrjfô^tt^ >*n ^ -4- p*1 Ijha mm:
u-
<
UMT
u tf ir
in o r- r- oc
0"
CD
ii
if c c ^ >j < j- <f >i -j -i f nMicc rr r,
o
T
4" <r
4- fO
4"
(SJ f<> f<*i
o cr cr
r\j
4- <r *a- T < <r 4-
| S
ii- u
m r*
rr>
4- IT IT U"
IT
(/ r
n! \W ^ r,V
MV
cc 00 00 oc (T ff O* 0~
e P o
r- IT .* 4- IT |\l <* O
o 0>
< ^.
HCC BO N <0 in o- m rv
(ri m m *o r m f\j f\J (M r\ r\.
(V r\j
<\
fsj
rs
H M
-< f-4
^^^
-< M
m^r-l^tt cohere 0***<^îM<Mflir ^-jî/iru-vc^^r-r-r-aaaatra-O'crcct.c

aoorîCir4r{^(\.(Vfco^cop^*u^<f^fsi-tosecr-'Cin4/rifNi<--tc croor*-*^**- 4/^fwo
>"
y. t
> Q
i^(^(^fOf^<^rripi<^r^fCCNjr\iOy(Nj{\CNjrj<vj(^fsji^^H^^^fîî^^
x
o Pi c o c c> c o
ir*f^fôoeoo côo^^^r^fvj*^f '*4'îr>uû^^<3^Kh-fâ)C4:c\jr\jM^^p*^cc^
< o
(MNryMM(\iroWMM(VjHHHrtHHPH^PiooCCOCOOOCOCOOOOOOOCC
I
ir>oi^(^-eoeocraco<-|-^--<vr^mf"4-4-4-mir.(r. 44^f<,n(r(\ji^r^(vjMrilHcccC(r
oôor^û^^fnrNafVF-ocrocr^NOin^fnrvjôo^^r^^^^rôoo^Wi^^f^^v^
o o o c- O O O C- ooococoooc OUH
I I I I I I I I I I I I
ifi^r-r-oucoo^crc c--cr<r<uoL/r-r-o<o<cif\if\if
^"*T4;mm(^(\j<\j(\jr\j-^"-ii-HC oc oor
a- a- r- ^j u' ^j f, r\j r\ * t_j t_ ix n- 4~ u-. +j r~ a y c CN. r: -j u -*.- r- ou a- c. (>J n -4 u> *, r~ a; u O1
<
o c o o c o c o o c o c. o c c o o o o o
I I t I I I I I I
11(111111111
l^>4/^^r,r^J^^J<^^c;cc^c/,C7OLflori-^w''<o^c^rû^tf^'44<r^,, fic*,(\jf\i<\if\ipH,.H.-<c. ooccr
>
coocooocooo
I I I I I I I I I I I I
w
iri4;rnrrr^fvjl^^<jciicrcrcrcoocr
r^*^%ciririr^4"^c"(^rnrsjrjf\jr*j^tî^^
u<-cNim4ir>cr-aju u,u-i pJC'4iri<4jr*o)o,c)^(\ni'j-ir*NCDuvC'H^p','Tir. *i*-ectrcr
>
<
o(\jr^.4/ifNcrâ"0'crcj^fvpn4-ir^*r^cocrc^fvfr4"ir^rôouÔ'^cN
I
^^^rPlP^(^^"^t;o^^ô.'cc^^1C*ÔlûÛ'Cc^rrl^, nifvjrvi{\ji\i-f-iH^coL'(jov
o^^P'4tf1*po:côâ^Nf'wu^*ôoovc^^lfrl4^^<)No:o;G^H^.(<4lf>'CôD(ô'
r (^ (f r m f
I I I I I I
H^('e*'im4,4'4,'T-4,4-4"4"4-'4,ir>Ui
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
=3
o
' ''
a
'
!'i
il'l
ll:
'
I'/1
*_?1J_? ''!' :|t* ____

f t t i *' * t I
.oo ao ao oo oc aa co.o* o,crcro>o%C'Oxff,a'oaoooooooc^*
r*\^jf*^ *^
* ^^
M Ipi
I OIIO C Kin*!****

^t"
GO
5 5
1 s#s g s sm s s H HB s R g sails ? K J saps S ? XI, SJ'S K 8 W s

, ~-sj#nn*irtr<<0r-r-oco<rCf o o.m~* <\i
CNJ IO
ir. Lf n rv c r- -* < r- <r o * -< r- r- r-
r co rv, c cr r> -c o
CM
* - ir c
iff W * * *r trv nwi *o
.c cr r
<OMN"K
r-
u p- o c ir
<
00
îfifuif\Mfiifififif>îri/îf*'C'CcfC'C<;-c*sC>t'1o4o*oO'Ci
fn - cr - flO wMiti-* r- rs,oornir.CLrrgoDCNju^sC'Oir. rsjm*ccrcoaû"\<\jrk-<ir-ct:/
^j- LT IT Lf IT. IfIf Lf. IT If

r , a: Q
LT
Lf
r î) rv i if if n
if IT if1 if U"
a - (\J ,j
if <
sj- t\j a>
^. *L! C O *C O
-O *i<;<li'<,*0\C<3t
o a: OD p- *r c if cr r^ f\i . cr .o r* r- .-. * o p-
ccop<o^HO)ir < r- ff to c* 4'(MnaoKîc<ftDMr(Dîr'(DHif>o(rHÔ o c

<C
cr c c
- r\, re
sj" LT U
IT
{r, *r if ir> *
IT". Lf1 LT. U
Lf
U~
a o c - c\ cv, p >j <r u

^ J li If Ifi If li\ IT' u- U
^D p- r^ a a:
LT- LT LT IT If' Lf
a cr c c < r\j r\ r\: r
ac cr o -' csi m r -r >r w so <o r- r- o

J- *J- lf^ IT V- IT* Lfv If
u_
<
>
z
<
'
eg.;!
>
<
' iro ^n'lr ftio
t^ > cr a c c c' r\. (\ (v pr, p- r- r
r> ^ ^ <r
Lfi IT IT IT> Lf> If U-' if- LT U LT> LT * ^C >C NO ^) O ^) Ô ufl i) ^) <C C ^0 iO 'J -O
^rir r-f\.\jcr*n.-toyi\,*-m p'O crcJtTi*-f^r-o-*-oi\.'CC--M -*|cr ir -' cr C' o ^- r\. rv c r ^ ^- u, ^ ^c <. o r- K CU a. aj cr cr cr cr o c o c o ^- ^- ^> *H Ml ->

J ^ %T U\ W' ^ IT U' ^ IT if. U^ If l^ i^ IT If IT U^ U' IT If' If U^ U^ If >o -c ^ ^ <; >C <J ^c -o * <> <
^-â^;cc-<-^Jr^m<Tlf1l^***^^^âJa.Ka'(^^r^;(^c^(^(rc'coc'
J
<T -T -T Lfl U Lf Lf Lf
If If Lfi If. If If. U
Lf Lf. If Lf If. lO tf Lf> If Ifî If. If> W
lf\ lf\ If If Lf * O <J <J
^-(\Jccxp'if^f\.r*-ar-fT-r*-cra-*îfr^p^Lf(\, p-C'fô-fVicrifC. **,> r-r-Lrf*c*3-a

rrâ^p<crucu"Ouarrr^"W^*^crN-u'r^cr^r\.^<p-roac^f^f^
o ':'
LU
_l
t/>r^v^Cftor^rvi(^fNja^r^r^r\ir^^r^rôr^rnr^900arsrôm<r ^#i||^
c a^ * K <f trif c tr ? -f a: (\ >c o i r c (^ <c i1 - r if K c ^. r if. o. tr c *,W en
LU
Q
en
f o r o
wacô^'^(<'^^rlflfC'f^c^âlaaJ(^^7'(ôocHHHHN!^l^^^l^l^l|^^
^ciiriruif'ififirirrififirifir. iiririripii>î10'C**<i4ii*'CC<)^ n 4)
an
u_
u_
IT
^*rta^fw%0ôfôfyOD'*râv^rfc^crr^tr<>irfnc*crr>in*<>irfgoi|r<^
LU
ir v^ ir o
o
Z>
r> j *r ^r ^ a
LT * r- r- cc a o: cr cr c C c *-< r\ r\ r\ r r r r- ^ *r < ^ -* if u
IT ir u- ir 1/ U If. If IT <C < * i >C * * * -c >c * (. i i OMB MC -C
Di-a3r--tp-tr*-ocr ^r-crocircrîro-t^r-*-! -r * o
IT- IT> * i. ^ >C tO O * NC <C O <> * <C -C ^C: -^' O *) <] sO
iOp^r^cocroô^^fNjfNjrymfri^rîf*ifiu^^^<)^r^f^r^r^r^f^r^cDOD

CT
LU
00
<
1
ir vC r- r*- a a cr cr c c -* r\j <\J r\ ri P^ P^ fi *r M sr J- if. if if if if if LO if o c o so <: ^'

-X -T *T 'J * >T 'T -T If Lf' Lf If Lf U- if if. U U' U> U> U> Lf. Lf If Lf If U" If if If if Lf U If lf^ If Ul U
rîf^P^Lf'Cro*<J^r^^r^^n:^^co<N'^âjrrâca*pâ^t--i^-if^rf.o*--
LULU
_J
_1
f-
>
f<irnîfif^^r^rfcrâ)aDCLia'crcrCrcroocoocoooc'-*^tCJOC'C
oooo
* *'T'T'*-rj-^-^-<' r < T ^ r vr >r >r if u1 ifi u1. ui ir' ui U' if- ir ic ifi U' ir ir ITM(\ u- u>
C u r Mi' c " a. m if ^ H <; a a- * f^ MT c Cr^-iftuu-Q^ft-. cuMj^p-^^^rr- >j t if c. ifcr(\îrMjMTp-n if>t. Mjcr(. ^-Hoc crajr*-*oir*-r\j
LU
>
or if >C' r^ p- cu a: cr tr LT C o c rv: r\j r\ f\ cv. rv. r^ n r^ n . r~ f rr r " ^ r- o' r r' r

'j-<>r-T'*-^''4'<"sr,*îftftififififir. if if. ifififififififififif(fifififir>iftfif
pn^-7'(Tipyoo^cp-Ni'"^c(r(rctr*p^(Bairfcirîfa;tvc>(r*r\j^H^^^
NtrHNpy^îoa'fvjuajw(fiir(DO'^ffi*irhouffcrff'tci(rircrcoijDp'*ir
ô
^CN*(^p^sr^îfifif<>^>o%or-rfcPtarî^r^râiCDCDajoc.aDCL;a)OD<iDr-r^r^
ifcti a3ô*0Df^-4"a3crcrôpn^rÔ'Ccr\jrsj^crifCLJfnu^*ifrno^îfr^cr
t;^y'Ow^f^cDH*^^Î^lUl^û(^l;HH^J^J^r\p4H^-u^û^*^p^^^Jual*
if
oc^^r^rvirsirr, n^p^r^-q'^^^^ûîfuîfifirififU'ifif^^^^^'^^^f^pr'
criffMPPOf^r'Crrr^j-rsjouM^rif *orMf^r^trififr\iP%p^c\,c:*'fvj^cr-te\.'rgi-^cr
o*^-ifCf<v.ifr-c{M'>ru^r-occroo-*^--' *cctrcrocr-ou>mi\jca>rtaiAi*''-4(D
<T
eDttJ(ô*o,Clcc-H^-l-"H-'Hl-l^rMrM^g<^,^^^rtl-^fMHH^ll-<cooC'Ou,
fc
-H
B r* p- PM (, c^1>J'^^Jr -c
Cû, o[Mr' M c ir' o* ^ i^ ci tv u1 u,c,*^-^rc^cr(E'0r>o^f
ijopr\p.^^r.p.^,fPi ^'*rwr*ocacrc^c^<r3<wr-r*'i)ir^(\]-*coo^^-(\icoc*Nt*Nicr
P-
LfO*r^-^^ccocoJxôecaoL,cDcDOCtt<^cccoa.oooclra,^^^^^<;o^
m
rflifp*i(^mrpfn(r. pnpnp**. r^rrpnprpom(r>pnprif^r^pnr^ror^Pr,r'>pnpnp'iprip>prifnfrpp pf
%n
i
<
O
LU
BE
a
c
I1 ..
; j
C-~r\^.*^'CPârO'C^f^^<rifvOP^TOCrC"Pvrrîf\^tr.xcro>-'fN.<*(''*-if<)P-c
OOCCOOCCCC " .
54
'^rs,r^<\c\,ryf\rv.rvf\c\prrr-r^rrrrprrnrr
N |*| * V O
. . . .
IN M fvUM <V *\ (
r- p h- fv r- r^ i
* r- py
' a
n
'- ry
r- r.
ifi
O
t
fw
r-
o' irv ir
m ~* -*

M (\J w
r~ r*- h-
ro tnr- a- o o
l . (X C\.
''*
f- r- r- r- r- r-
r- r* r-
co co r>~ vo r i
TO
o c O c o
v (r o"> Oj'tif'cr (r c 0" o c? o ooooooocq>9
C<C<C<G<C<C<C
c c <c c
) CD co cc a. cc re co cc a co a TO a^ TO a cc a co co cc a a a cc cc
)', HO.*; * <C .# 0|jO <CH0<0 ,<C -O C *C O ^, <: * * ^3
w a. * o
Sj. *- et cv st" ^5 h"'o f*-*irrc^)(^r-fvj*c ti^'cv ^ ir a) <o

|m fn *'* ^ sT,* ^-t^^Jrc^N^cc <r ec h- *
tr *o e o
IP IT irv *c i
*o *c *0 <c <
"2
K f\ *C {T <
IT r cc <r
' *
N r MTI l*fi
M^ a; r- r- c rv vr u" if ir <r r c
>...,,,.,,,,,.,,

If U IP IT IT. if IT If IT If, IP if ip i/ tf\ if. ip if' -J ^ -tf
^ <. * <C O * * >0>04l<}iOOO<0^04> 0>C < <C NO

wôcD-cfWownotr
I\J
#* AC h- if
<*i(^r^m*^|'h<,u(\jfVfNjfijhii
* <t c >i. -c -o * -i < -i- <: o
f^rgt^#^;p!iifflH.cof-irrt(riri*rto cc f- tr iffi * tr r- tr fh '
' !U, : |- f " W 4 * ft
<
>
NO
<C <)<: 04l>'C'fJO*C4>'C>fJ>CCNO
c o co. * n" c IT a r< o co c c e o a>

o eo r-t1 irinMocrf,,*ir4,fôccifv
1!" I
, c cr a- cr cr a
j*
IT IT
tr^!^,
*ffCir cMP cr
f ~4 cr -i. sj- ^* cc
a o- cc to
ffi i? ? ft !*' * ?? * 41 Jfe

iriPiripiPirifiPifPiPiruiPifwr
RIM
*# m
i if
IP
Jlftp u IP IP I
> o
ip in IT
0* -* f
' * Wl1*- ^ *
* *
* *
-* co m ipw <*|, o rg O*
4 *T
' ||
HHi-coCfr jrcrec
IT
u-
IT
u if. r * vj sj ^
-*^4-<fviN;ocoiK*<P*fvjrfcr4i<td*
-*-*-<lpir<NJcoh<Mepip^cDro
jfi
>u
z
u
>
>
* + <***** + +*<*<++
(^NlM*IHOCOff
* ''
ci m m i
>
*!#mJ|c\) CM ~ifc
i^ W iTIi W (*"i fn fn fjj
to * ti pwV cr so i
jiPMnirv'tir'sr^f*1**'*^
.(Nj\i*N*(>i|r\i<N.rN.ir
I r^ ai o. o ru m - in l
00
.ftjjt,:*
1,4 :MM|fM|Nr*H|
J5
pljo ~ i|| kf ij,
3 ccvriish^K in t
.*,,;! 4 f Hi t t , j* ' > I 4 .. *
JR1** IVI-. (nm<im(^m(Misil|iini<MCMMiM(v(l
r-it-f-f-p-r-Krvf-f-r-i-l'-^r-r-r-f- ! f
CM
m f-
|boo-flWjjV-.oD;|||
IHM
CM CO I
!ii 4 , 41 > t !jji,

;;HH^l|rfpl^HOftOI
r-r-f-r-f"-r~f-rtt~
!Jr~ r- r- nf i
<\.t\jîyr-uivo(Ni^^r-îr<K^*>ocDO'OWCO-o(iiil#)(^
IJPJ
I f\J V fv. Pd'fvi IMMMWMMI^^*-HPI^( i .-.

f-h-r-Kh-r'-T-r-r-r-r-F'-r-r-r-r-r-l
PM
O- 4- V a-ivWl
h- in * rsj PM o* r <
.-. _ t-t ni^ oc coCiccoff^^ffdîevc
|4-fHbfo^c<rnH^<ono^HHHOcti'|]^<4U'toinOfKH4''Oncoooo9h
kji-4 ^.-iotpac*a>r-r-*tn44mryôer-în^ro~oiînfncyoo0'O'*-r^-*a'N<#'nJ
'HHHHHHOC
OOOOOOOOOOC ^(TfftTff^âCO
co ati i
ilh- rrf-!r-r-r-r-r-r-rr-r-f-r-r-r-r-r-.o>o.o.o<c^-e.co
i co r- p- r-r- h- 43 # 43
1
NO -O O 43 4) -o ,0 sO NO
rvjr-^*r-o,<-iMrnfnpniMâ,r*-4,^r-rnooNj^)or<v>ca)V>
f .co ccr-r^m4-4-mf\:îu,ec'*Din4,f^-'OcDr-if>4'(voosO
J,T1
C71 O* Q1 CT 0s CT i
i <c o 43 * 43 43
r** m
IP
tr
IT
O* a- CL- ft. a, CD cc co oo r- r- I
43 %c 4) o iC -c 43 43 4: <C ^) i 43 >
Cr 0*
a- <Nj en en rr M i
rsj c cc i
4- i
i woo CON r-.r- i

I 43 43 43 4) NO 4J
4; < *c tr if ir i
i O ^ 4 ^ 4 C '
OC*0
* r i*4
c * ^
a) 4
-* fV & t-
<t f*> fn ir, in m (
I fW CM <
) * >o ir fn *-* oc
1
1
<
>
t
1-> z
H H p* o O C o a
4 <C O 44 C
in rvj c
w # O ec cr
' 4 O IT* ITt IT> 4"

' If" f> Ifl ITi IT* IT
<f <r m m fr, (v ra OJ -* H

in if* ir IT in in > m m in
>,M IT
Vb<o MI
f oo *n
m c * i
im< c
00 a
4^ 4-
i ^T fn .
4/ o
>c C' m n in
' 4- 4" # **
. un in in in |
llj
r:
o
u_
u_
>
<
4/ r- <
c- a * H * (
' fn (7> ND (fl Cf1 *
' ^- O O O C (T I
- m m n IP 4r 4-
(V
ID <y
> f\j CC NT
cr tr oc or
m in
4" 4"
in 4- 4- i*i
4- 4" 4" V
> r* r- r- 4) 4f 4" 4- 4"
r- tr- 4"
* p 43
m m PH 00 4$ -fl- '
4f O * '
o <4J o l
4/,4/ 4* <
4-
i M fM ^ O O I
' #,<f 4- 4" 4" 4" l
) IP* (\ oc I
a- u- c
4J 45 m I
t fn m
4- no cr i
4* o m .
PM
i a
43 4) i
fn m i
' 00 43 I
i 0s IP .
> o v cr CD 00 O" m m fft fri en m <

4j r-
<T 00s 43
f 0 IT
*> r*- r-
c NO no ^ O i
) t^ n- 4)
rr. m rn
4" 4
W m MT HNft<f 4" * 4-^cr m (M oo 4- <r 43 (M 00 4" O 43 M 00
4^
I 4oo r- r<r < *
MHH| I C l
4^ 4^ *
*
'
r- 43 4> NO a in i
m cr IT> 4) a* > i
i nj oo r *-i r- 4- i
Ll_
) cc
ipir
r- o m i
co |
r- *n (
c c c
m if. m ^ 4"
IT**'
I * ^ ^4 C <
in 4- * <r fft ir m i
> oo oc iv r- We r- .
i in IT ITi *r> \ ir. i
<y in no oo -
< oa * cr m ir wi m ir m i
0 * t^ cr * o ^
CO IT fv oc in iu i
4- r-
< o r-
OD f* r
IT lf\ I
IT
IT IT\ I
ir ru n IT CV (
<J" CT1 flO oc
> m o r-^CN
l 00 </
* or *
u
ir o ir* m fv* ir r
i 4- CJ cr NO NT;^- c
IT* r*- f* r*- ijfi ir i

CN *H flO^lT i
IT
<C O sC
IT
po
IT <r n '
cr 43 <* <
' O C '
i kb r* #
I'I'I*
) -4" INi O NO f
43 o 1*1 43 CO I
r-- IT nj cr * i
m r*- fvj
4- rs
' IP IT. r -r -j r
I 43 0 4) 43 o <
fn fn 
* D *o m cr ire IT O* fsj IT flD, l

M O N < (v a * i
^
tee
1*1 poo
O D IP
NO 41 "
i fc o* i
. <r * i
O sC 4: IT IT IT IT I
* 0 >o O Oil 4) <
(Hirc>ci
' C M Q IMC <C I
*C ~C sC <n0 J--
r\j cr 43
tr r- ir*
43 NT CM
! <\l CSJ CX cc cr i
i cr 4- ff-
* C- 43 i
I 4) f\J oo I
i r\j cr m
no o^ m i
4- m m en CM C\J .
i fn fn rn fn m rn i
w
iPrôs^fniPr*cr^fn43^4-rô<r
û^c*4"0>Nrcrip
46ngcoinî^fno,43njou4-^r^f*it^4jrsicrinôL;4^*^f^4'^r^
ir 4J n* m O
y
G)C>&&G*wwT^^r~^^>c^^^*^w^^^W^^~^ÔVV ^&&<>oeor~r'~t^<> 4) 4) 43
m ^ ^- m v <* oo rsj r
HO - CO 4- C3 f-- fn o
cr 4>
CV 4" C 4J
(V cr 4J rv
m o r-
cr 43 rv i
, (v, ^, ^ _< o O '

i ry o? 4j <f i-t cr i
i c 43 rn o r- m <
' fn O* .
4" I
0>^croc'Ojoycor^r^r^4)4343ininintn'*4,'Tj-fnrnfn
o -* (\i pi1 IP r* O*fvjin0bf\tocmomc43nio^4)'4-î cr r- t

4> n O r- 4 ^*,co iPmofwifc\icn-i^rs.c'*-irtf>Jc cc43 fn PM f/
.rw^HÔucacrtrecattNNr-r- 43434/iniPiPm4'4' 4"4'fnf,f*,nifv.fM<Mr\(^--HP-M

i fs* rs, f\i fy <M nj
<
O
,0> Cfli. "-^ n. rn
!' ii
<7. r, ,
56
r- oc o*
!Pt", (V w * in
c o o-
SS222
# #
UNCLASSIFIED
Security Classification
DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA - R&D

(Security classification of title, body ol abstract and indexing annotation must be entered when the overall report is classified)
ORIGINATING ACTIVITY (Corporate author)
2a.
REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
2b.
GROUP
Unclassified
Lincoln Laboratory, M.I.T.
None
REPORT TITLE
A Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Confirmation of the Optimally Loaded

and Overdriven RF Power Amplifier
DESCRIPTIVE NOTES (Type ol report and inclusive dates)
Technical Report
9.
AUTHOR(S) (Lest name, first name, Initial)
Snyder, David M.
7a.
REPORT DATE
TOTAL NO. OF PAGES
7b. NO. OF REFS
44
7 November 1966
CONTRACT OR GRANT NO.
9a.
AF 19(628)-5167
ORIGINATOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)
Technical Report 428
PROJECT NO.
649 L
9b.
OTHER REPORT NO(S) (Any other numbers that may be

assigned this report)
ESD-TR-66-564
10.
AVAILABILITY/LIMITATION NOTICES
Distribution of this document is unlimited.
II.
12.
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Air Force Systems Command, USAF
None
13.
SPONSORING MILITARY ACTIVITY
ABSTRACT
Although the "textbook" Class B approach to rf amplifier design yields high output power and reasonable collector efficiency (78.5 percent at maximum output power), neither the power nor the efficiency are
optimum, and both are dependent on rf drive level. This report presents an analysis of appropriately selected collector voltage and current waveforms which determine the load impedance at the fundamental and
harmonically related frequencies; these conditions define the Class B "optimum efficiency" case with 100
percent collector efficiency and 1.27 times the "textbook" Class B value of output power. If the rf drive
levei is increased and the collector voltage and current waveforms are appropriately selected so that the
amplifier is overdriven, a different load impedance is determined; these conditions define the "optimum
power" case with 1.46 times the "textbook" Class B value of output power and 88 percent collector efficiency. The "optimum power" case has the added advantage of resulting in an output power and collector
frequency that are essentially constant over a predetermined range of drive level.
Finally, the theory is verified by the construction and testing of a UHF power amplifier having a
power output of 46watts and an overall dc to rf conversion efficiency of 65 percent with an output power
insensitivity to rf drive of 1 db for 10.5 db.
14.
KEY WORDS
rf drive level
UHF power amplifier

overdriven rf amplifier
37
UNCLASSIFIED
Security Classification

RF Experiment

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

RF Experiment

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

ESD-TR-66-564

Prepared under Electronic Systems Division Contract AF 19(628)-5167 by

a center for research operated .by Massachusetts Fnstitute, of Technology,

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION

TECHNICAL REPORT 428

This report presents an analysis of appropriately selected collector voltage

If the rf drive level is increased and the collector

The "optimum power" case has the added ad-

Accepted for the Air Force

The Optimum Efficiency Class B Tuned Power Amplifier

The Optimum Power Class B Tuned Power Amplifier

Modified Class A Operation

Computed Data and Design Procedure

Experimental Verification of Theory

Summary and Conclusion

A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL CONFIRMATION

*T. S. Gray, Applied Electronics (Wiley, New York, 1957), p.403.

Class B collector current and voltage waveforms.

Overdriven Class B collector current and voltage waveforms.

Optimum efficiency Class B collector current and voltage waveforms.

THE OPTIMUM EFFICIENCY CLASS B TUNED POWER AMPLIFIER

where I., is the dc component of the collector current waveform and

where I.,, is the peak value of the n

harmonic cosinusoidal term of the Fourier expansion of

th s peak value of the funda mental com ponent and

where IRf. is the peak value of the n

harmonic sinusoidal term of the Fourier expansion of

The coefficients of the expansion of V (9) are

is the dc component of the collector voltage waveform and

where VR. is the peak value of the fundamental component.

where VRM is the peak value of the n

harmonic sinusoidal term of the Fourier expansion of

giving an output power at the fundamental frequency of

However, the dc input power is

so that the fundamental load impedance is all real and

Finally, the definition of R

for the textbook Class B case is

m. THE OPTIMUM POWER CLASS B TUNED POWER AMPLIFIER

However, for a fair comparison of Class B, optimum efficiency

Class B and the overdriven case, the e

The coefficients of the expansion of I (Q) that apply

The expression for rf

output power at the fundamental frequency as a function of G, is therefore

The dc input power is also a function of 9, so that

and the out-of-band impedances are simply

Since a resistive load R

must be presented to the device at the even harmonic frequencies,

power will be dissipated at these frequencies so that

ccIs ,K sin (9 - n9)

sponds to maximum collector efficiency.

As mentioned before, that power is 1.47 times the text-

Also, if the power gain G

of any device is defined as the gain occurring when the device is

Class A dc and ac load line and quiescent operating point.

for values of K ranging from 0 to 20 db (power) in 0.1 db steps.

The results are discussed in

Since the dc input power is fixed, the

optimum power case is identically equal to the optimum efficiency case.

According to the wave-

T.S. Gray, Applied Electronics (Wiley, New York, 1957), p.403.

Fig. 6. Overdriven Class B operation. Overal

Overdriven Class B operation.

co HMMH: IT IT* if|K,0> .i \oir\fri'eM ccrcrcocccccoa:croC' t-< f^ fS

0>lNl0'-l'^'-sf,OI^<Oiri|-<'i(r<if\-coaO',rri<ci^'-icoJ- fri t\j M

o-irc>>-i>-ifMr>jMf<i<r>->f-r--ir'iriifK^<t)>;<:>c^)i--r-f~-r^r- r- r^ rf^i^occowa^ccaacccjcoaccajcucocccuctcuccccccccQua'Cccua.' a <*. co

m^ Mr.0N0>O-M"| ii m ^0 r oo o> O w- nj m ^ m

,',1,! , o * r.Qi'kjfaa; r^ co rv jt #<. in o- rr 'f*'o ** ^ c rr c 0

P"t Pt CO PI P> P CNJ

pg ^ ir\ <o oo cr c - m $ in e r- oc.

<\. < m Q oo o c PN rn * IT >c r- oc

<-c a- flWp" oir.r^(\j.--c a-

rv -j & r- a >- f\j j- IT so co cr c r-i xr u- r^ cc