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Copyright 2011 by The American Society of Hematology; all rights reserved.
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B L () Q J)
FEBRUARY,
VOL.
M.
ROBERT
numerous
models
models
(serum
been
specific
sickness,4
tolerated
tration
foreign
in still
rently,
adjuvant
types
spontaneous
particular
lesion.
The
While
conditions
the
with
spontaneously
insights
autoimmune
lonephrilis.
in these
clinicians
occurring
to
from
always
be
must
deal.
disease
lupus
hemolytic
Positive
animals
lupus
indicate
produced
the
adnunis-
antisera9
the
been
associated
of
the
More
in mice01
has
under
Thus,
will
animals.
mice
feature
the
the
of
thymic
controlled
human
autoim-
characterization
mammals
of
may
clinical
and pathologic
in 7 dogs.
This condition
in
man.
thrombocvtopenia,
preparations
the
and
in lower
erythematosus
anemia,
complexes
are
described
NZB
the
provide
models.
of this report
is to present
disease
that we observed
systemic
of
desirable
important
man-made
been
background
is an
autoimmune
unobtainable
The purpose
of a multisystemic
similar
which
have
anemia
of
by
aspermato-
addition,
in laboratory
not
this
In
of
classes
induced
lesions
disorders
disorders
may
laboratory,
in which
heterologous
of its genetic
spontaneity
of
munization
because
are
or organ-specific
hemolytic
construction
antigen-antibody
disease7).
of immunologic
autoimmune
lesions
by
those
(runt
alone8
JR.
Several
encephalitis,2
induced
and
autoimmune
interest
in which
(thyroiditis,1
are
immunocytes
other
dogs.12
antigens
lesions
NO.
HENRY,
the
informative.
those
glomerulonephritis5)
of Freunds
result
particularly
elaborated:
in which
B.
WILLIAM
AND
of autoimmunization,
been
XXV,
Erythematosus
SCHWARTZ
investigations
organ
those
Lupus
ROBERT
has
have
of
genesis3);
and
LEWIS,
animal
injection
by
Systemic
F THE
these
of Hematology
1965
Canine
By
T he Journal
and
immunologic
Its
and
other
serologic
nature
of the
cardinal
features
is very
features
membranous
abnormalities
are
glomerufound
disorder.
METHODS
Laboratory
tests
consisting
of white
blood
cell counts
(WBC),
packed
cell volume
(PCV),
hemoglobin
levels
(Hb),
white
blood
cell differential
counts,
icterus
index,
direct
antiglobulin
test, blood
urea
nitrogen
(BUN),
reticulocyte
count,
urinalysis,
Quick
prothrombm
time,
and
serum
transaminase
values
(SGO-T,
SGP-T)
were
determined
by
standard
methods.
Platelet
numbers
were estimated
from the peripheral
blood
smears.
Paper
strip
electrophoresis,
total serum
protein
determinations
and Hyland
rapid
slide
This investigation
was supported
in part by Research
Grant
GM 07621-02
from the National
Institute
of General
Medical
Sciences,
U. S. Public
Health
Service
and by U. S.
Public
Health
Service
Grant
AM 02037-06.
From
the Angell
Memorial
Animal
Hospital
and the Blood
Research
Laboratory,
Pratt
Clinic-New
England
Center
Hospital,
Boston,
Mass.
Submitted
Feb. 24, 1964; accepted
for publication
May 5, 1964.
143
BLOOD,
VOL.
25,
No.
(FEBRuARY),
1965
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
144LEWIS,
SCHWARTZ
agglutination
tests
available
for
serum
tests.
saline
positive
tests
for
was
was
not
by
(lone.
In
erythrophagocytosis,
of
addition,
serum
protein
scribed
by
were
noted,
Hargraves14
were
Normal
were
and
large
of Selected
Blood
Laboratory
Tests
al
Cells
12-30%
\lonocyte
3-10%
Eosinophil
2-10%
12-18
Quick
prothrombin
Blood
urea
23 SF
units
SGP-T
less
than
27
SF
units
to
the
female
temperature
hours
were
1 week
LE
rise),
findings
cytopenia
the
gradually
blood
and
when
urea
nitrogen
persisted
mg
every
LE
test
ex-
the
skin
levels
throughout
2.1
per
was
se-
dog
and
samples
hours,
intramuscularly,
done
not
that
lameness,
and
10
mucous
wer
time
seen.
into
of
in
was
at
anorexia,
revealed
unsteadily
5.3
the
pallor,
room,
probable
mg.
Gms.;
slight
fell
down
splenomegaly.
prednisone
BUN
with
19
weeks
120
course.
nucleated
blood
with
every
The
mg./100
shift,
12
the
per
direct
were
antibiotics,
of
pneumonia
extensive
and
terminally.
Coombs
LE
WBC
and
development
cent
ml.;
monocytosis,
RBC/100
tissues,
mg.
10
left
transfusions
subcutaneous
the
seen
the
nonspecific
Neutrophiia
and
surpassing
were
oxygen.
ITh
and
morning
were
7.3
count
preparation
epistaxis,
1+.
next
time
anisocytosis,
on the
skin
and
urine
examination
corticosteroids,
the
LE
cells
walked
24,000/mm3;
over
24
An
injections
in
prothrombin
WBC
next
listlessness,
hypochromia
of
Memoriphysical
reticulocyte
present
Blood
Physical
placed
with
3+,
The
and
dog
cent;
RBC/100
were
tender.
Intramuscular
therapy
abscesses
anemia
typical
Coombs
deteriorated
multiple
but
1962,
(the
WBC
per
was
abated.
developed.
was
Angel!
during
polychromatophilia,
hemorrhages,
F.
dog
direct
vigorous
normal.
had
prostration
anisocytosis,
Despite
the
urine
were:
polychromatophilia,
dog
bodies,
103.6
and
was
10
symptoms
March,
30
nucleated
test
ecchymoses
swollen
subconjunctival
negative;
purpura,
the
Coombs
urine
and
were
Findings
monocytosis,
and
The
admitted
epistaxis.
PCV
shift,
Prednisone,
until
was
Laboratory
present.
mg.
nosebleed.
direct
ml.
laboratory.
begun
preparation,
The
mg./100
emaciation,
The
left
was
of
39,000/mm3;
dark-colored
not
the
WBC
14511)
because
hypochromia
well
and
could
for
smear.
extracellular
remained
temia,
except
and
petechiae
elbow
joints
the
severe
1961,
with
13
(R
p00(1k
December,
findings:
within
and
the
standard
in
negative
BUN
icterus,
seconds
than
blood
polydipsia
nitrogen
to
She
7.0-10.5
less
verely
depressed
membranes.
Both
contained
de-
SGO-T
thrombocytopenia,
and
time
Gm.
20
peripheral
started
extra-
______
than
marked
submitted
criteria
less
laboratory
and
of
the
40-45%
0.1-0.5%
Neutrophilia
cent
volume
Reticulocytes
seconds.
the
amounts
rare
cell
Hemoglobin
were
Initial
de-
Although
0-3%
Lymphocyte
Hospital
amination
manner
6000-18000/mm3
60-77%
6-year-old
Animal
un-
screening
cell.
when
Neutrophil
Packed
Number
glycine-
when
in Dogs
Basophil
This
in
the
L.E.
only
Band
Case
screening
these
in
typical
positive
1:20
to
all
on
as
recorded
prepared
the
formation
considered
of
was
JR.
fulfilled.
Values
\Vhite
was
used
positively
of
HENRY,
performed
were
dilution
reacted
presence
rosette
smear
serum
smears
the
were
tests
antibody
which
slip
for
antithyroid
cover
examined
antibody
two
latter
required
for
nucleophagocytosis,
cellular
antithyroid
These
factor
test
Titration
and
and
dogs.
positive
used.
Miale13
factor
affected
rheumatoid
whereas
serum
scribed
of
test
buffer,
diluted
rheumatoid
samples
AND
azo-
Thrombotest
was
inter-
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
CANINE
SYSTEMIC
mittently
positive
body
test
the
erythrocytes
Post
of
throughout
was
present
row
and
in
inent
the
This
failure.
blood
cells
Number
This
Animal
animal
large
laboratory
units;
direct
marked
cells.
The
The
dog
At
the
and
direct
continued
was
returned
of
in
Despite
was
in
acute
developfrom
Coombs
admitted
Physical
thrombo-
prepared
to
According
test.
the
Angell
the
owner,
to
examination
mucous
revealed
membranes,
PCV
a
was
11.5
shift
tachycardia,
to
per
the
cent;
left,
traces
of
of
centrifuged
albumin
urinary
blood
and
icterus
index
monocytosis
autoagglutination
and
the
whole
and
the
red
blood
and
iiie
were
sedinwnt.
prednisone,
10
Hct
chromatophilia,
1961,
the
third
weeks
after
mg/day,
returning
PCV
and
blood
March
F.,
1,
anorexia,
made
per
he
cent;
smear.
1961.
and
and
Prompt
home,
37
and
hypochromia
peripheral
until
104
begun.
On
a moist
treatment
with
recovery
the
direct
Six
March
3,
cough.
A tenta-
5(X)
ensued
and
Prednisone
1961,
mg.
from
the
chlorobroncho-
months
27
per
the
peripheral
was
cent;
improvement.
On
direct
the
ninth
Two
Physical
examination
Laboratory
findings
weeks
again
at
later
the
(lay
revealed
that
time
2+.
and
was
well
and
was
begun
he
was
pallor,
were:
nucleated
and
returned
was
for
to
57-322
2
the
with
a left
RBC/
100
in
resulted
BW
depres\\BC
shift,
poly-
\VBC
were
the
bone
urobilinogen.
prednisone
on
vomiting
revealed:
seen
increased
within
after
ther-
and
examination
65
weeks
prednisone
listlessness
hyperplasia
ACTH
positive,
Neutrophilia
except
negative
dog
there
responded
lymphadenopathy,
Laboratory
Erythroid
with
be
generalized
test
platelets
became
dog
However,
to
anorexia,
pallor,
unremarkable
hospital
test
ilie
normal.
found
splenectomy,
Coombs
smear.
was
again
nose.
increased
Treatment
Coombs
the
direct
(although
performed.
were
was
hyperkeratotic
urine
positive.
test
revealed
blood
The
numbers
after
examination
persisted
was
day.
platelet
Coombs
dry,
throinbocytopenia
splenectomy
hospital
the
anisocytosis,
preparation.
cent.
was
markedly
16,000/mm3;
The
the
mg/day
was
hours
10,000/mm3;
polychromatophilia,
in
of
therapy,
Physical
preparation
2.5
prednisone
reinStitllte(l.
in
of
seen
a temperature
operation,
when
and
a (lose
1961,
was
Anisocytosis,
were
May,
on
the
was
23,
count
bronchopneumonia
in
discharged
reappeared.
February
negative.
every
and
splenectomy,
per
severe
eluate
mar-
present.
ultimate
indirect
was
bone
5 (lays.
Following
day.
of
the
F.
1.012
in
leukocyte
\VBC
with
continuous
purpura)
present
of
an
epistaxis.
the
with
findings
The
test
was
pneumonia
sion,
gravity
on
health.
intramuscularly
was
101
an
to
fight.
of
There
transfusions
cells/100
diagnosis
mycetin
dog
Neutrophilia
specific
of
39,O00/mi&;
present.
examination
good
Coombs
dog
of
\VBC
2+.
with
because
pallor
temperature
cells
change
was
with
and
( R 1049)
poodle
after
were:
blood
in
by
test
positive
red
1961,
significant
treated
unclassified
tive
were
marked
were
no
characterized
antiglobulin
large
hyaline
present
duration
canine
ear,
were
of
scattered
by
Segmental
6 months
preparations
sclerosis
were
characterized
spleen.
bronchopneumonia
standard
test
had
follow-up
therapy
45
left
necrosis
purulent
positive
test.
Bowmans
and
of
Severe
extensively
the
foci
Megakaryocytes
sensitize
tubules,
hyperplasia,
the
anti-
to
antiglobtilin
Hyalinization
small
in
shown
glomeruli,
kidneys.
Reactive
January,
indirect
the
antinuclear
was
improved.
in
three
apy
bleed
were
was
appeared
row
in
findings
urine
gradually
and
LE
the
The
cells
an
of
lesion
with
normal
Coombs
There
of
positive.
her
to
multiple
arteries.
illness
male
to
in
hyperplastic.
thrombocytopenia
present.
the
central
white
weakness,
Initial
ventricle.
prominent
Two
1)ehind
polypnea,
left
the
an
dogs
heart,
the
Hospital
began
bruise
found
was
sensitized
4-year-old
Memorial
normal
the
anemia
were
from
mineralization
In
had
of renal
prepared
were
of
dog
preparations
selected
were
hemolytic
Case
no
walls
and
red
he
of
cells,
nodes
Summary:
arteries
wall
cell
eluate
Advanced
prominent.
lymph
LE
cell
4 randomly
plasma
cytopenia
15
red
also
the
of
of
A
arcuate
were
numbers
examination:
and
145
ERYTHEMATOSUS
positive.
mortem
glomeruli
the
and
was
capsules
her
LUIUS
weeks
hospital
depression
and
generalized
\VBC
21,000/mm3;
PCV
This
in
LE
considerable
(Imuran),
the
marAn
50
mg./
hematocrit
because
of
weakness.
32
per
One
was
epistaxis.
cent;
pro-
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
146
LEWIS,
thrombin
8.1
time
units
and
penia,
seconds;
SGP-T
icterus
S.F.
5200
polychromatophilia,
urine
had
fuged
dry
owners
Post
24
1-3;
bile,
WBC
with
shift,
cells
trace;
0;
SGO-T
were
4-8;
dose
450
again
S.F.
noted.
1+.
centri-
cells
pentothal
The
The
epithelial
of
JR.
thrombocyto-
urobilinogen
casts
lethal
ml.;
HENRY,
monocytosis,
target
1+;
performed
mgs./100
a left
frequent
albumin
RBC
was
BUN
with
and
1.009;
contained:
Euthanasia
mortem
revealed
large
numbers
but
examination:
of
many
was
of
necrosis
marrow
of
the
had
pleura
hemolytic
1-2
sodium
per
at
the
lets
to
splenectomy
the
LE
but
test
of
thrombocytopenia.
the
Case
male
on
treated
months
became
arterioles
and
megakaryocytes
pyknotic.
developed
test.
in
Fibrous
the
thicken-
operation
was
with
extensive
and
the
effective
an
increase
in
anemia,
and
an
appeared
lesions
partially
by
prednisone
were
and
only
hemolytic
hepatitis
hepatic
was
followed
of
treatment
thrombocytopenia
Prednisone
exacerbation
of
in
the
He
very
dark
cocker
spaniel
November
previously.
passed
stood
delineated
of
The
were
which
sharply
degeneration
nuclei
prominent,
loops
small
arteries.
not
which
antimetabolite
together
prominent
plate-
during
at
re-
with
a relapse
necropsy.
Hospital
been
an
signs
Renal
5-year-old
Animal
had
but
their
in
with
central
was
nodes.
simultaneously
The
soon
Further
improvement,
Number
This
was
positive.
in
some
capillary
Hyaline
lymph
antiglobulin
performed.
there
was
sulted
poodle
a positive
was
normal,
the
and
in
Multiple
liver.
in
removal
present.
male
with
dilated
its
hematopoiesis
changes
widely
the
noted
following
glomerulosclerosis
thin-walled.
cytoplasm
was
4-year-old
anemia
three
throughout
were
spleen
extramedullary
hyaline
kidneys,
relatively
a fibrillar
visceral
Summary:
and
scattered
hematopoiesis
femoral
the
or
the
follicles,
segmental
In
were
of
lymphoid
two
and
were
extramedullary
found.
contained
empty,
examination
of
and
not
glomeruli
although
foci
atrophy
megakaryocytes,
fibosis
open,
Histologic
congestion,
Periarterial
he
of
units;
AND
request.
1962
ing
gravity
sediment
field.
10
Neutrophilia
hypochromia
a specific
urinary
high
index
units.
SCHWARTZ
and
to
in
eat.
to
weakness
for
health
the
until
day
revealed
of
the
and
salicylates
good
On
examination
admitted
of
with
been
refused
was
because
clinic
otherwise
Physical
12936)
1961,
out-patient
had
listless
urine.
(P
21,
an
the
day
animal
lameness
before
the
icterus,
Memorial
The
obscure
admission,
severe
Angel!
anorexia.
11
entry
dog
when
vomited
polypnea,
and
weakness
and
splenomegaly.
Initial
laboratory
(lirect
Coombs
a shift
to
the
nucleated
was
left,
positive.
the
the
third
hepatomegaly
seventh
hospital
day.
prednisone.
Laboratory
Gm.;
Coombs
direct
SGO-T
S.F.
40
anisocytosis,
WBC
4+;
casts,
and
to
to
On
units;
present
the
urobilinogen
at
rarely
antinuclear
seen;
yellow
3.8
every
12
urine
hospital
that
was
day,
time
S.F.
blood
The
centrifuged
cells
were
2-5
positive.
smear.
high
put
on
4+;
uro-
0;
casts
0-1;
per
for
dry
12
to
stand.
day
day
the
at
he
first
dose
to
and
the
5
specific
16
contained
for
anti-thyroid
the
of
oral
7.8
mg./100
left,
RBC
to
on
Hb
ml.;
monocytosis,
nucleated
gravity
The
began
33,000/mm3;
BUN
field.
hours.
which
time
a decreasing
cent;
Tests
high
every
unable
WBC
shift
field.
bile
following
cells,
sediment
4+;
hospital
color
follows:
Urinalysis:
dry
was
23
preparation
RBC
5 mg.
sixth
The
was
target
urinary
per
dog
in
12.9
ml.;
with
and
LE
per
of
the
Neutrophilia,
hypochromia,
peripheral
the
hours.
count
units.
material
on
as
1-2;
a dosage
normal
he
were
An
albumin
WBC
and
mg./100
Neutrophiia
smear.
1.037;
Gm.
67
cent.
polychromatophilia
blood
in
found
BUN
per
amorphous
begun
reticulocyte
56
epithelial
antibody
mg.
The
Gm.;
4.4
contained
was
was
ninth
SGP-T
1.
of
10
negative;
in the
gravity
reaching
play.
findings
test,
specific
sediment
fall,
polychromatophilia,
were
bile,
to
wanted
peripheral
prednisone
increased
and
the
amounts
marked
was
rise,
large
continued
prednisone
amber;
day
6.3
count
anisocytosis,
in
urinary
hospital
level
could
and
Hb
reticulocyte
present
Cloudy
2
day
hemoglobin
time
were
centrifuged
second
250;
thrombocytopenia,
WBC
The
25,000/mm3;
index
monocytosis,
crystals
On
WBC
icteric
Urinalysis:
4+.
bilirubin
eat,
2+;
RBC/100
bilinogen
On
findings:
test
RBC/100
1.025;
0;
albumin
WBC
5-7;
antibody
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
CANINE
SYSTEMIC
The
dog
owner
to
improved
was
discharged
treatment
with
again
he
147
ERYTHEMATOSUS
and
continue
returned
1962,
LTJPUS
with
on
December
prednisone
severe
pneumonia
was returned
with
for
8, 1961,
with
instructions
for
the
1961, he
rapidly
to antibiotics.
On March
8,
loss, obesity
and gray-pink
hyperkerat-
one
which
responded
generalized
hair
month.
On
December
28,
lesions
skin
sis, particularly
prior
to
and
the
hemolytic
generalized
of
July
1, 1963,
peared;
crisis,
hair
the
however,
hair
he
the
showed
preparation
Case
No
test,
had
female
30,
on March
January,
treatment
began
on the day
physical
examination
branes.
The gums
prior
the
has
on
persistent
the
proteinuria
The
obesity
therapy.
face
had
As
again
disap-
albuminurla.
thrombocytopenia,
hemolytic
with
anemia
with
1 year prior
to the onset
salicylates.
The
hematologic
persisted.
compatible
4+;
second
human
skin
rash
discoid
of
involving
lupus.
The
LE
was
2.5
prednisone
entered
She
the
was
polydipsia,
subsided
within
bile
and
casts
0-1;
given
WBC
17,000/mm:i;
seconds);
direct
orally
trace.
the
ml.
The
cells
dog
of
every
dry
in
The
in
the
the
coat,
weeks.
was
the
skin
103
Animal
out-patient
and alopecia.
present
illness
and
F.
The
bed.
animals
mucous
Melena
1-3
appeared
whole
6 hours.
nucleated
mem-
and
the
clear
centrifuged
per
slight
dry
weak
mg.
fifth
WBC
were
found.
specific
sediment
gravity
showed
R.BC
field.
and
had
a bloody
prednisone
hospital
prothrombin
thrombocytopenia,
yellow;
urinary
high
10
cent;
RBC/100
Urinalysis:
very
blood,
By
Hb
4
normal.
epithelial
day,
a dull
blood
of
Memorial
seen
a few
Coombs
and
was
indican,
160
Angell
first
noted.
formula
hospital
She
signs
polychromatophilia
10-20;
charge.
mg.
was:
6-9
differential
albumin
On
and
distention,
these
were
anisocytosis,
WBC
1-3;
lesions
but
abdominal
(normal
leukocyte
1.023;
skin
fox terrier
(N 4620)
because
of purpura.
and
work
seconds
moderate
the
to entry
when
the
owner
noticed
revealed
petechiae
and ecchymoses
were bleeding
actively.
The
temperature
laboratory
7.8
The
toy
lymphadenopathy
Initial
and
treatment.
corticosteroid
proteinuria.
About
which
responded
to
lesions
for
given
time
and
prednisone,
1960,
1960,
was
peripheral
prolonged
4-year-old
in
to
developed
azotemia
lameness
to
due
obese
spaniel
without
be
positive.
Number
clinic
back
quite
cocker
disappeared
to
grown
histopathologic
was
This
Hospital
subsequently
thought
had
responded
face
was
remained
Summary:
This male
a positive
antiglobulin
these
disturbances
he
abnormalities
but
loss
day
vaginal
dis-
intramuscularly,
she
and
marked
imof platelets.
showed
provement,
and the peripheral
blood
smear
now contained
normal
numbers
However,
4+ albuminuria
was still present.
She was discharged
on the seventh
hospital
day on maintenance
dose of prednisone
for
two weeks.
The dog remained
asymptomatic
for 6 months,
but
in October,
1960,
extensive
slcin and mucous
membrane
bleeding
and thrombocytopenia
again
appeared.
The
PCV
was 34 per cent and the direct
Coombs
test was negative.
Treatment
with prednisone
was
reinstituted
and during
the next week
the dog gradually
improved.
Despite
continuous
prednisone
therapy,
performed.
Postoperatively,
enteritis
was
and
months.
On
tion
and
days,
polydipsia,
level
of
specific
The
dog
10.5
thrombocytopenia
free
of
was
persisted
the
purpura.
dog
However,
subsequently
August
23,
polyuria,
Gm.,
gravity
of
was
treated
BUN
1.011,
for
1961,
she
albumin
uremia
1-f-,
melena.
and
ml.
and
1961,
a splenectomy
platelet
numbers
without
16,
1961,
she returned
this disorder
four
times
the hospital
with a history
entered
and
January,
June
for
mg./100
in
normal
on
treated
vomiting
154
and
maintained
and
0-2
discharged
Laboratory
normal
hyaline
on
the
work
platelets.
casts
eighth
were
with hemorrhagic
within
the next
of anorexia
for
revealed
The
seen
hospital
was
medica-
a
urine
per
day.
hemoglobin
now
high
2
4
had
dry
field.
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
148
LEWIS,
On February
253 mg./100
was positive.
Post mortem
kidneys
healed
infarcts.
Outside
the
wedge-shaped
ular
capillaries
and
small
arterioles
were
thickened
mononuclear
intertubular
exudate
was evident.
The
the
splenectomy
of
in
and
the
January,
mild
walls
AND
HENRY,
contained
follicles
SCHWARTZ
of
1961,
was
extramedullary
central
severely
was
found,
and
spleen,
infarction
contained
Segmental
but
of
hyalinized,
which
was
congested,
hematopoiesis.
arteries
areas
fibrosis
size.
Both
glomer-
generalized
following
hyperplastic
lymphoid
and
hyalinization
thickening
periarterial
BUN was
antibody
the
and
a
examined
JR.
was
absent.
Diffuse
fatty
infiltration
of the liver was present.
The lymphoid
follicles
in the body
lymph
nodes
were
hyperplastic
and no evidence
of extramedullary
hematopoiesis
was
seen.
Summary:
This
toy fox terrier
developed
severe
thronibocytopenia
and
hemolytic
anemia
with
a positive
antiglobulin
test
which
were
treated
at first
with
corticosteroids
and
later
by
splenectomy.
Removal
months
after
L.E. cell test
the
was
sclerosis
with
wire
Number
January
25,
Case
On
of
the
spleen
resulted
initial
symptoms
of her
positive
and anti-thyroid
loop
lesions
1961,
this
was
in
disease,
antibodies
present
4-year-old
an
she
8-month
remission.
developed
were found
However,
23
progressive
uremia.
The
in her serum.
Glomerulo-
at autopsy.
spayed
female
German
shepherd
(R
705)
was
presented
to Angell
Memorial
Animal
Hospital
with
a history
of weakness
of the hind
legs, anorexia,
malaise,
polydipsia
and sporadic
vomiting.
These
signs
had been
present
for 6 days. Physical
examination
revealed
a temperature
of 102 F., extreme
pallor,
tachycardia
and polypnea.
Following
the physical
examination,
the dog
collapsed
and
was
hospitalized.
Specific
treatment
consisted
of whole
blood
and prednisone,
2.5 mg. every
8 hours.
Initial
laboratory
findings
were:
WBC
54,000/nun3;
PCV
20 per cent;
direct
Coombs
test
2+.
Neutrophilia
with
a left shift,
monocytosis,
marked
polychromatophilia,
anisocytosis,
macrocytosis,
peripheral
Urinalysis:
casts
By
cloudy
the
active
in
at this
fourth
her
time
medication
yellow;
hospital
cage.
and
days
at
vomiting,
tachycardia,
had
nucleated
an
home,
RBC/100
dog
WBC
20
regained
her
on
cent,
and
dose
were
and
per
cent;
the
temperature
of
direct
the
for
seen
with
examination
104
F.
test
in
the
The
urobilinogen,
and
was
ninth
rare
granular
bright,
alert,
hospital
day,
2-week
a history
15,
of
laboratory
and
and
Home
multiple
1961,
progressive
pallor,
after
ano-
hepatoniegaly,
findings
Neutrophilia,
1+.
period,
February
revealed
2.
trace;
C#{244}onubstest
On
hospital
Coombs
WBC
direct
prednisone
Physical
bile,
0-2
and
1961,
20,00/mm3;
of
1+;
appetite
3,
Junior-Winthrop).
to
polypnea.
RBC;
February
WBC
returned
albumin
no
(Perihemin
was
weakness
1.028;
contained
had
decreasing
hematinic
the
PCV
dog
discharged
of 38 per
of
oral
gravity
sediment
the
was
a PCV
polypnea
30,000/mm3;
13
specific
day,
She
consisted
vitamins,
rexia,
and
smear.
The centrifuged
urinary
per high dry field.
trace.
12
hypochromia,
blood
were:
monocytosis,
WBC
poly-
chromatophilia,
anisocytosis,
macrocytosis
and 22 nucleated
RBC/100
WBC
were
present.
The urine was dark amber
in color and had a specific
gravity
of 1.037;
bile 2+; urobilinogen 3+. The centrifuged
urinary
sediment
contained
RBC 20-30;
WBC
1-2; and no casts
per high dry field. Treatment
consisting
of 5 mg. predrmisone
every 8 hours
was started.
By
the
fifth
hospital
day the dog had again
regained
her appetite
and appeared
bright
and
alert.
She was discharged
on February
25, 1961, the tenth
hospital
day, with instructions
for the owner
to give decreasing
doses of prednisone
for 3 weeks.
The direct
Coombs
test
was still positive
at the time of discharge
and 144 nucleated
RBC/100
WBC
were present
in the peripheral
blood.
After ten days at home,
the dog again
developed
vomiting,
weakness,
the
malaise
dog
was
and
pallor
jaundiced
and
at this
was
time
admitted
and
to
the
splenomegaly
hospital
for
was
the
detected.
third
time.
The
In
laboratory
addition,
find-
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CANINE
SYSTEMIC
LUPUS
149
ERYTHEMATOSUS
ings
consisted
of WBC
54,000/mm3;
PCV
16 per cent;
direct
Coomnbs
test 3+. Neutrowith a shift to the left, monocytosis,
polychromatophilia,
anisocytosis,
hypochromia,
macrocytosis,
target
cells and 85 nucleated
RBC/100
WBC
were
again
noted.
The dog
was treated
with
10 mg. prednisone
intraniuscularly
every
12 hours
for 7 days, at which
time marked
clinical
improvement
was evident.
Three
hundred
ml. of compatible
whole
blood was given intravenously
on March
13, 1961,
and
repeated
on March
15, at which
time
a splenectomy
was performed.
An uneventful
recovery
from
surgery
followed
and
the dog was discharged
on March
23, 1961.
A decreasing
dose of prednisone
was prescribed
for 1 week.
At the time of discharge,
the laboratory
findings
were:
WBC
52,000/
mm3;
PCV
28 per cent;
direct
Coombs
test 2-. The peripheral
blood
smear
still revealed
philia
neutrophilia,
monocytosis
and
82
nucleated
RBC/
100
WBC.
Periodic
examinations,
corn-
mencing
on March
31, disclosed
a consistently
negative
direct
Coombs
test,
and
lack
of
any clinical
signs of exacerbation.
In the differential
smears,
however,
polychronuatophilia,
anisocytosis,
poikilocytosis,
Howell
Jolly bodies,
hypochronuia
and an occasional
nucleated
RBC
were
seen.
Examination
in August,
1962,
revealed
a reticulocyte
count
of 1.4
per
cent
and a BUN of 21 mg./100
ml. An LE cell preparation
was
positive.
The LE preparation
was
again
positive
in January,
1963,
and mild albuminuria
was detected.
Histologic
examination
medullary
the
of
hematopoiesis
central
arteries
Summary:
the
and
contained
This
spleen
following
segmental
female
its
hemnosiderosis.
German
surgical
renuoval
Periarterial
deposits
of
shepherd
fibrosis
hyaline
was
revealed
was
material
found
to
severe
absent,
within
have
many
their
severe
extra-
but
of
walls.
hemolytic
anemia
with
a positive
antiglobulin
test
resulted
in a prompt
amelioration
became
in
which
eventually
required
splenectomy.
The
operation
of the hemolytic
anenuia
and the direct
Coombs
test
Follow-up
examinations
for 20 months
after splenectomy
found
the dog
health,
but with positive
LE tests and albuminuria.
negative.
apparent
Case
good
Number
This
5-year-old
Memorial
Animal
The owner
related
pneumonia
which
The
was
physical
extreme
Initial
Cm.
ovariohysterectomized
Hospital
on April
15,
that 3 months
before
examination
weakness
laboratory
per
cent;
BUN
of
RBC/100
smear.
Urinalysis:
cells
10
high
every
hospital
day
returned
with
was
blood
alysis
was
vealed
WBC
cent;
cytosis,
and
findings
maintenance
dose
epistaxis.
Topical
adrenalin
continue
to
show
the
severe
55,000/mm3;
Hb.
mgs./100
poikilocytosis,
an(l
5.5
Gm.;
Neutrophilia
the
Angell
and
another
anorexia.
hospital
3;
120
for
whole
was
packs
onset
of
Sixteen
for
thrombocytopenia,
auto-
the
peripheral
in
odd
forms.
urobilinogen.
1-2
blood
small
and
on
following
The
epithelial
predrmisone,
the
eleventh
discharge,
she
heniorrhage
and
the
1 month.
to
have
thronubocytopenia
Following
illness,
103
F.
The
negative;
the
left,
and
30
the
However,
splenectomy
urinthe
Physical
examination
laboratory
findings
reticulocyte
count
polychromatophilia,
nucleated
and
operation
the
normal.
after
lethargy.
to
4.1
2+;
monocytosis,
in
no
the
months
test,
a shift
left,
often
and
stopped
and
of
the
and
days
her
test
discharged
performed.
anorexia
with
ml.
tachycardia,
Hemoglobin
seen
1+;
casts
therapy
Coombs
size
0-2
continued
the
to
bile
Two
was
cent;
were
in
pallor,
Coombs
a shift
and
dog
temperature
direct
direct
WBC;
cold
proteinuria.
ml.
hypochromia,
albumin
prednisone.
of
13 per
large
with
the
because
and
number,
prednisone
continued,
hospital
hepatomegaly
24
the
of
PCV
units;
with
1-2
in June,
1961,
a splenectomy
were, for the first time since
to
15
considerably
at
severe
polychronuasia
1.017;
treated
improved
continued
BUN
in
was
dog
She
was
and
RBC;
The
treated
revealed
Neutrophilia
0-2
field.
been
hospital
index
had
hours.
had
24,000/mnnm3;
icterus
decreased
12
readmitted
pallor,
\VBC
dry
to
F.
gravity
sediment
prednisone
the
anisocytosis,
specific
instructed
to
observed.
were
yellow;
with
Although
was
dog
entered
lethargy
recovery.
of 103
nil.;
WBC,
urinary
per
purpura,
RBC
the
rapid
admission
mgs./100
platelets
clear
mg.
owner
the
The
centrifuged
at
25
20
nucleated
by
and a temperature
findings
were:
agglutination
blood
followed
hmale
terrier
(P 12411)
1961, because
of weakness,
RBC/100
dog
rewere:
1.6
per
anisoWBC
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
150
LEWIS,
RBC;
but
tests
tive.
25-30
for
WBC;
10
initial
After
and
found
veloped
The
the
multiple
of
in
plasma
A
Prednisone
by
pearance
of
started
on
specific
urinary
An
and
died
were
and
have
LE
gravity
sediment
a partial
renal
periarterial
liver
in
present
throughout
of
terrier
test.
effect
on
failure
antithyroid
of
the
glomeruli,
lymphocytes
were
however,
the
removal
of
of
of
both
ventricles.
in
the
the
was
thrombocytopenia.
L.E.
factor
ane-
her
disease.
splenectomy
characterized
An
rheumatoid
of
but
nodes.
present.
hemolytic
onset
abnormalities,
and
Large
lymph
were
and
at
necrosis.
artery
megakaryocytes
found
episode
hemorrhagic
coronary
thrombocytopenia
was
and
its
hyalinized
small
areas
left
present
few
hematologic
antibodies
SGP-T
She de-
hyalinization
confluent
of
myocardium
with
the
and
thickened
cells.
large
the
terminal
and
following
and
plasma
branch
developed
blood-tinged
day.
spleen
sclerotic
Proteinuria
The
the
contained
cellular;
posi-
fibrosis.
a muscular
a paucity
hospital
of
and
negative,
were
antibody
entry.
eighth
infiltrations
renuission.
and
the
JR.
1.040;
contained
was
preparation
antinuclear
hematopoiesis
hyalinized
The
female
16-month
and
no
present
antiglobulin
only
was
adequately
5-year-old
on
extramedullary
kidney.
was
hepatic
antinuclear
to
one
cells
positive
had
followed
field.
examination
There
was
marrow
a
and
Histologic
periglomerular
infarcts
Summary:
with
elevated
found
and
thrombus
femoral
rapidly
arteries.
present
small
numbers
was
hemosiderosis,
were
was
dry
antibody
brown;
HENRY,
dog became
icteric,
began
vomiting
The icterus
became
more
pronounced
rose
to 200 mg./100
ml. and the SGO-T
(2960
and
1560
S.F. units
respectively.)
respiration
central
occluding
but
BUN
markedly
capsules
infarct
high
8 hours,
examination:
kidneys
Bowmans
mia
be
mortem
of
The
The
congestion,
some
per
cloudy
centrifuged
AND
of improvement,
the
a subnormal
temperature.
to
revealed
Urinalysis:
2+. The
anti-thyroid
every
Cheyne-Stokes
Post
An
mg
continued.
were
casts
factor,
signs
had
vomiting
1-2
rheumatoid
Prednisone,
froth
blood
smear.
urobilinogen
SCHWARTZ
by
test
were
was
sudden
ap-
was
negative,
found
in
her
serum.
Case
Number
This 2-year-old
male wire-haired
fox terrier
(T 491) was admitted
to the Angell
Memorial Animal
Hospital
in January,
1962, because
of anorexia,
malaise,
diarrhea,
dark
red urine
and a lameness
of the hind limb. These
signs had been apparent
for 3 days. Pallor,
depression, splenomegaly,
and a temperature
of 103 F. were noted
on the physical
examination.
Following
a 4-day
course
of penicillin
the laboratory
findings
were:
WBC
46,000/mm3;
PCV 26 per cent; reticulocyte
count
11.2 per cent; icterus
index 5 units;
BUN
7 mg./100
ml.; direct
Coombs
test 2+; SGO-T
26 S.F. units
and SGP-T
19 S.F. units.
Neutrophilia
with a left shift, thrombocytopenia,
polychromatophilia,
anisocytosis
and
3 nucleated
RBC/
100 WBC
were present
in the differential
smear.
Urinalysis:
cloudy
amber;
specific
gravity
1.045;
albumin,
trace;
bile 4+;
urobilinogen
2+.
The centrifuged
urinary
sediment
contained:
RBC 1-2; WBC
1-3
and
granular
casts
0-2 per high dry field.
Prednisone
was started
at this time and a prompt
recovery
followed.
The dog was discharged
on the eleventh
hospital
day with
a WBC
of 18,000/mm3;
PCV
34 per cent;
reticulocyte
count
1.2 per cent;
and a weakly
positive
direct
Coombs
test. Prednisone
was
prescribed
for 2 weeks
at home.
Physical
examination
6 weeks
after
discharge
revealed
the dog to be in apparent
good health.
The hematologic
and urinary
findings
were
unremarkable,
and the direct
Coombs
test was negative
at this time. However,
the LE preparation, anti-thyroid
antibody
test, and latex fixation
test for rheumatoid
factor
were positive.
The serologic
test for syphilis
was negative.
Up to this writing,
the dog has remained
in
apparent
good health.
DISCUSSION
The
poodles,
disease
1 cocker
affecting
spaniel,
these
1 fox
animals
terrier,
occurred
1 German
in
a variety
of
breeds:
shepherd,
1 wire-haired
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
CANINE
SYSTEMIC
Table
LUPUS
151
ERYTHEMATOSUS
1.-Prominent
Findings
in Dogs
with
Systemic
CASE
HEMOLYTIC
ANEMIA
ANTIGLOBULIN
TEST
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
NO.
3[4
+j+
RETICULOCYTOSIS
Erythematosus
Lupus
JAUNDICE
AZOTEMIA
ALBUMINURIA
BILIRUBINURIA
LEGEND
#{149}
..-
PRESENT
#{149}
ABSENT
0
terrier,
and
1 mongrel.
equivalent
to
hysterectomized
had received
known,
of the
The
30-40
years
January
and
March)
and
Each
dog
had
been
between
the vaccination
years.
These
7 dogs
cytopenia
as a result
alopecia
in
Hemolytic
dogs
per
(fig.
1).
It
in the
a similar
was
were
elements
in
the
positive;
the
strength
bone
age
from
of
the
4 females
4 had
to the
borne
onset
seventh
dog,
against
appearance
pattern
marrow.
of the
hemoglobin
and
findings.
In
reaction
area
feature
There
each
case,
varied
was
the
between
dogs
dogs
as is
the onset
December,
in April.
and
was
the
interval
at least
3#{189}
hemolytic
anemia,
Several
other
of unknown
ovario-
of the
as far
appeared
first became
but in 3 of
on the butterfly
most
prominent
normoblastemia
variable
first
(roughly
been
None
and,
In 6 of the
(November,
purpura
of disease:
by
6 years
had
canine
distemper
of this disorder
characterized
4 to
a litter.
of illness
agents.
months
reticulocytosis,
spherocytosis
in
to toxic chemical
during
the winter
2 and an eruption
anemia
was the
cent,
Two
1 of these
prior
and nephritis
(table
of the hematologic
teinuria
was noted
also
found
including
ranged
man).
vaccinated
and the
had
DETERMINED
dogs
in
and only
any medication
none were
exposed
disease
occurred
NOT
#{149}
thrombo-
clinically
evident
the animals,
proabnormalities
cause
in
were
dogs,
as
low
urobilinuria.
hyperplasia
direct
of the
antiglobulin
1+
3.5
as
Gm.
Jaundice
and
3+.
and
erythroid
test
Thus,
was
these
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
152
LEWIS,
SCHWARTZ
AND
JR.
HENRY,
iip.
..
1,f.
I
1.-Peripheral
Fig.
autoimmune
are
present.
dogs
An
blood
hemolytic
the
had
typical
canine
rocyte
autoantihody.
therapy,
the
systemic
lupus
spherocvtosis
erythematosus
and
had
In
contrast
the
direct
shortly
after
test
recurrent
and
polvchroniatophilia
most
This
abnormality
hemorrhagic
by
clogs
common
was
tendency
easy
dogs
contained
with
the
in these
dogs
underwent
until
azotemia
in human
beings
with
clogs
always
became
reappearance
was
eryth-
an
prednisone
ap-
this connegative
of
a positive
soon
followed
antiby
anemia.
of
in
in
four.
response
of
to
eventually
problem
in man.
sensitized
presence
and
in remission
were
14511
initially
a major
The
found
normal
prompt
the
of therapy.
feature
Bone
not
as seen
responded
which
bruising,
membranes.
anemia
number
episodes
was
of hemolytic
attack
next
institution
those
in
dog
is usually
found
test
in these
what
antiglobulin
the
dog
substantiating
hemolytic
anemia
to
of
each
recurrent
liemolytic
cells
further
Thereafter,
globulin
red
Although
peared.
(litiofl,
Penia
with
of autoimmimuc
from
erythrocytes,
splenectomy.
mucous
features
PreParI
normal
acterized
a dog
NIacrocvtosis,
(\Vright-Giemsa)
eluate
The
from
anemia.
this
canine
6 animals
The
numbers
to
is analogous
was
was
associated
and
bleeding
ecchymoses,
marrow
disease
of
to the
of
and
2 of
megakaryocytes.
corticosteroicis
suggests
idiopathic
with
manifestations
petechiae,
aspirates
thrombocytopenia.
(ITP)
active
these
an
were
overt
char-
bleeding
from
thrombocytopenic
This
finding,
that
the
variety
together
thrombocytoseen
in
man.
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
CANINE
SYSTEMIC
LUPUS
153
ERYTHEMATOSU5
I,
i,.4
I,
.,
#{149}
.:
2.-Skin
Fig.
keratosis,
tions
biopsy
telangiectasis
mononuclear
of
from
malar
eruption
of
of vessels
in the papillary
inflammatory
cells
in the
Case
layer
.4
No. 3. H perkeratosis,
paraof the dermis
and
accumulaare
present.
( Hematoxvlin-
dermis
eosin)
The
simultaneous
autoimmune
hemolytic
sociated
with
Five
of
phase
and
their
renal
In
to
particular
ing
the
location.
human
of
one
which
should
ness
be
1 year
quential
mia,
of
in
dog
eruption
syndrome)1
involvement
was
dogs
is as-
during
found
of
of
a dry
number
of
in
lupus
there
This
onset
animal
was
dog
of
the
hematologic
had
at
this
some
the
series.
arthritis,
had
also,
outset
Cortico-
eruption
involv-
Clinically,
man
only
striking
rash,
bouts
of
this
hemolytic
dog
nephritis,
to
rash-
anemia.
lame-
exhibited
autoimmune
finally,
of
resemblance
two
this
this
because
salicylate-responsive
Thus,
butterfly
and
scaly
12936.
autoimmune
the
had,
disorder.
thrombocytopenia
the
hemolytic
within
seane-
period
of
1 year.
prominent
terminal
chronic
sistent
the
this
to
the
in
2, 3).
that
renal
development
however,
antedated
(Evans
and
erythematosus.
proteinuria
death
face
to
development
approximately
or
the
(figs.
of
purpura
nephritis.
the
noted
idiopathic
The
was
of
Histologically,
lupus
of
man
lupus
signs
cause
resemblance
discoid
in
marked
the
area
thrombocytopenic
systemic
manifested
the
interest
bore
of
three,
improve
butterfly
lesion
It
also
was
failed
Of
dogs
idiopathic
described
incidence
illness.
failure
steroids
of
anemia
a high
these
of
its
occurrence
gross
membranous
finding
megakaryocytes
findings
bacterial
at
infection,
necropsy
such
glomerulonephritis
(fig.
was
4).
a
were
as
with
Extramedullary
uniform
finding
related
to
anemia,
bronchopneumonia.
wire
ioop
hematopoiesis
in
these
lesions
including
dogs.
uremia,
Histologically,
In
addition,
was
con-
numerous
hepatic
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154
LEWIS,
SCHWARTZ
AND
HENRY,
JR.
Fig.
here
biopsy
3.-Skin
are
acanthosis,
perivascular
accumulation
necrosis
was
thrombosis
Periarterial
observed
but
not
nature,
was
observed
in
There
has
numerous
found.
due
to
been
2 dogs,
muscular
(onion
the
of
autoimmunization.
the
accumulation
walls
cells
in
and
and
in
cause
more
of
The
the
present
dermis
and
resulting
found
spleen
was
in
spleens
the
recognized
diseases
currenfly
some
widespread
of
these
segmental
of
in
in
being
use
from
in 2 other
dogs.
was
specifically
which
not
autoimmune
validity
data.
were
are
changes
of
infarction
was
the
arteries
bodies
The
(Hematoxylin-eosin)
necrosis,
central
interest
3.
layer
lymphocytes.
fibrinoid
of
No.
papillary
myocardial
obscure
The
of
of Case
vessels
hematoxylin
dogs.
renewed
disorders
eruption
of
coronary
arteries
skin
lesions)
in
However,
in
5). Furthermore,
studied
from
these
and
await
of plasma
of small
fibrosis
sought,
(fig.
sues
from malar
telangiectasis
recent
in
5 dogs
the
tisyears,
considered
assertions
of
immunologic
as
must
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
CANINE
SYSTEMIC
LUPUS
155
ERYTHEMATOSUS
*
*.
ii
*-
\.
+1t,
Li1
Fig.
4.-Chrome
membranous
erythematosus.
sions of glomerular
tests
has
not
hitherto
to
disclosed
Burnet6
of
an
when
are
Most
of
these
demonstrable
plasma
nodes
sponse
of
and
to
spleens
of
were
as well
corticosteroids,
time
(fig.
7).
4
In
each
dogs
tissues,
or another
As
to
such
positive
case
damaged
eventually
which
These
are
the deposiaccumulations
benefit
from
there
during
far
cortico-
the
as
this
were
case
difficult
MacKay
disorders
in the same
markers
are
conclusive;
rise
in every
in
diseases
thus
this problem.
the serum,
tissues,
give
only
many
is
disorder.
in
autoimmunization
not
but
in
autoimmune
of these
could
combinations
found
with
importance.
which
one.
lupus
adhe-
of autoimmunization
damaged
at one
systemic
tufts,
and
acid-Schiff)
in
It
autoim.rnune
derivatives
in this report.
Autoantibodies,
antithyroid
antibody
and
in various
cells
in
occurs
markers
an
multiple
none
considerable
the
only
process
is an immunologic
disorder
described
LE factor
(fig. 6),
of
cells
of them
they
of
or its
coexistence
of
by themselves,
each
illness,
l)resent,
markers
plasma
antibodies
in dealing
of autoantibodies
globulin
with
component.
or markers
guidelines
presence
gamma
the
Taken
circulating
features
a dog
of glomerular
found.
(Periodic
immunologic
definition
six
the
and
and
however,
of
listed
acceptable
lymphocytes
an
working
of denatured
steroids,
individual.
of
have
in
hvalinization
capsule
were
presence
to
have
seem
to be
hyperglobulinemia,
tion
the
a precise
glomerulonephritis
loop
lesions,
to Bowmans
thought
render
and
Wire
tufts
is
found
in
(table
2).
tissue,
but
underwent
at
constellation
as rheumatoid
antiglobulin
was
course
known
of
the
canine
tests
factor,
were
Accumulations
in
the
a prompt
splenectomy
lymph
initial
rebe-
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
156
LEWIS,
5.-Central
artery
in the tunica
media
Fig.
changes
cause
of recurrent
ease.
Multiple
other
organs,
out
were
validity
tory in the
in apparent
thyroid
of
the
made,
and
diseased
in a dog
levels
of gamma
the
serum
animals
The
of
Our
gamma
dis-
skin,
and
globulin
evaluated.
its absence
this
the
in the
A test
for
in
Although
does
not
dogs.
A positive
Number
report,
more
our
labora-
serum
for
cent.
strip
rheumatoid
globulin
per
present
This
well-defined
of
time
of
collection
from
was
recorded
due
SLE
high
was
1. However,
with
hemolyt-
of abnormally
antibody
have
in
3 and
lack
studied.
af-
serum
performed
to the
been
prein
hyper-
of autoimmune
sample
detection
in
variability
observation
stage
dogs
anti-
paper
tests
coincides
with
electrophoresis
test
dogs
in
in dog serum
results
of serum
antinuclear
of Case
and
gamma
to 28.8
prodromal
that
tested
in the
of
4.8
recent
the
indicate
hyperglobulinemia.
levels,
amount
present
of
during
globulin.
daughter
had
of this
25 randomly
selected
the latex
fixation
and
reacted
from
important
of 5 of these
#{176}Since submission
these
may
is extremely
asymptomatic
of
was
from
for
protein
samples
ranged
dogs.
only
dogs
JR.
fibrinoid
kidneys,
cannot
be
these
dogs,
procedures
of gamma
globulin
on the inconsistency7
fected
segmental
components
platelets,
deposition
samples
as controls
serum
serum
samples
gammaglobulinemia
ic anemia
the
serologic
antibody.
serum
are
HENRY,
acid-Schiff)
cells,
this marker
not found
in
Serum
used
total
control
antithyroid
in the amount
vious
reports
healthy
various
tests,
No
control
for
AND
disturbance.*
the
antibody
or
so
was
There
hematologic
red
tests
following
manner:
good
health
were
electrophoresis.
factor
the
No
2.
(Periodic
of the
involving
found.
No.
hemosiderosis.
manifestations
an immunologic
The
of Case
spleen
and
lesions
damaged
tissue
were
hypergammaglobulinemia
rule
in
SCHWARTZ
on
in
the
of adeThree
of
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
CANINE
SYSTEMIC
Fig.
LUPUS
cells
6.-L.E.
from
quate
positive
control
study
and
not
Thus,
will
using
the
these
dogs
had
not a condition
but
was
and
this
multisystemic
many
of
dealt
canine
process
The
many
human
The
believing
similarities
similarities
lupus
origin,
this
(Wright-Giemsa)
procedure
is under
further
and
clinical
criteria
it is evident
that
disorder
of the autoimmune
type.
This
was
organ
as is Hashimotos
disease,
for example,
which
attacked
immunologic
a nearly
and
include
two
principal
condition
is systemic
that
erythematosis.
further.
pathologic
involvement
for
systemic
with
broadest
vessels.
these
dogs.
There
are
lupus.
with
an immunologic
confined
to one
blood
reasons
dogs
sera
be
a generalized
cells
157
ERYTHEMATOSUS
lupus
identical
some
the
of man
exemplifies
erythematosus.
disorder
differences
onset
systems-blood
which
in Young
has
between
adults;
There
been
are
found
canine
the
in
and
presence
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
158
LEWiS,
Table
2.-Serologic
Abnormalities
in Dogs
with
SCHWARTZ
Systemic
CASE
L.E.FACTOR
Lupus
ANTITHYROID
Erythematosus
#{149}T
6
-
FACTOR
JR.
HENRY,
NO.
RHEUMATOID
ANI)
ANTIBODY
HYPER
GAMMAGLOBULINEMIA
LEGEND
of multiple
#{149} PRESENT
#{149} ABSENT
#{149} NOT
autoantibodies,
dermatologic
and
normality
discernible
the
absence
necrosis
differences
lesions;
believe
they
detract
in
The
the
lack
bodies
from
the
in
broad
further
understanding
hematologic,
differences
include
tissue
skin
the
in the
the
lupus
of
spleen;
striking
the
will
ab-
absence
hepatic
of hypergiobulinemia.
In any event,
between
canine
renal,
of one
lesions
sections;
the lack
variations.
on
the
development
resemblances
studies
human
factor;
sequential
of onion
in two cases;
and
represent
species
Hopefully,
LE
the
another.
hematoxylin
was seen
may simply
disease.
useful
on
the
and
photosensitivity;
of
that
DETERMINED
including
cardiac
superimposed
any
the
+
-
These
do not
we
forms
two
of
yield
information
by
and
autoimmune
nephritis,
is
elements
in
lupus.
SUMMARY
A naturally
occurring
immunologic
disease,
hemolytic
anemia,
idiopathic
thrombocytopenic
described
the
in seven
dogs.
The
blood,
glomeruli
and
LE factor,
rheumatoid
the
affected
dogs.
the hematologic
disease
lesions.
Recurrence
was
abnormalities,
including
alopecia
were
of
occasionally
several
frequent
malar
found
tissues
during
as
affected
Abnormal
antithyroid
and
splenectomy
of the disease,
the renal
ditional
volvement
primarily
blood
vessels.
factor
and
Corticosteroids
components
characterized
purpura
an
including
found
in
were
effective
in controlling
apparently
had no effect
but
and
eruption,
the
integral
the
formed
serum
proteins,
antibody
were
prognosis
intermittent
part
course
of the
in
was grave.
lameness
the
on
Adand
sequential
in-
disease.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We
are
for performing
manuscript.
indebted
to
Miss
the antinuclear
Jane
Reinsborough
antibody
for
tests,
and
technical
Dr.
assistance,
T. C. Jones
Dr.
for
aid
W.
A.
Bardawil
in preparing
the
From www.bloodjournal.org by guest on November 19, 2014. For personal use only.
CANINE
SYSTEMIC
Fig.
LUPUS
7.-Lymph
cumulations
of plasma
159
ERYTHEMATOSUS
node from
cells are
a dog
with
within
the
SUMMARIO
Es
describite
immunologic
septe
casos
purpura
thrombocytopenic,
formate
proteinas
elementos
del
seral-incluse
frequente,
haber
nulle
effecto
integral
in
naturalmente
Large
occurrente
anemia
Le
canes.
hemolytic,
morbo
afficeva
ac-
morbo
idiopathic
primarimente
grave.
Corticosteroides
hematologic
super
esseva
intermittente,
elemento
tin
le componentes
e le prognose
claudication
de
autoimmun
in afficite
in combatter
pareva
erythematosus.
INTERLINGUA
e nephritis.
trovate
efficace
mesuras
per
lupus
(Hematoxvlin-eosin)
Ic
sanguine,
le glomenilos,
e le vasos
sanguinee.
Anormal
le factor
de LE,
factor
rheumatoide,
e anticorpore
antithyroidee-esseva
esseva
IN
canin
characterisate
systemic
sinusoids.
le lesiones
Altere
affection
sequential
renal.
morho,
sed
Recurrentias
malar,
occasionalmente
de
vane
tissus
iste
e-sseva
anormalitates-eruption
e alopecia-esseva
le
e spleneetomia
del
trovate
in
le
curso
como
del
morbo.
REFERENCES
1.
Rose,
N.
R.,
on
organ
the
thyroid
ing
active
and
Witebsky,
specificity:
E.:
V.
glands
Studies
Changes
of rabbits
immunization
in
follow-
with
rabbit
thyroid
extracts.
J. Immunol.
76:417,
1956.
2. Kabat,
E. A., Wolf,
A., and Bezer,
A.
E.: The rapid production
of acute
disseminated
monkeys
and
encephalomyelitis
by
homologous
injection
brain
in
of
rhesus
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