Manual AFQ ENG 121210 v1 4

ACTIVE FILTER (AFQ-4W)
INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL
CIRCUTOR S.A.
Version 1.4
AFQ Instructions Manual
2-80
Table of content
1
DELIVERY SPOT CHECK .............................................................................................................6
GENERAL DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................................7
2.1
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................7
2.2
OPERATING PRINCIPLE ..............................................................................................................8
INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING ....................................................................................9

3.1
DIMENSIONING THE AFQ RATED CURRENT...............................................................................9
3.2
PLACING .................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3
LONG STORAGE TIME...............................................................................................................12
3.4
W IRING ....................................................................................................................................13
3.4.1
3.4.2
Wiring of active filter (AFQ-4W) .....................................................................................15

Wiring from 2 to 8 Active Filters (AFQ-4W) in parallel................................................17
3.5
CONNECTING FILTER TO MAINS ...............................................................................................18
3.6
COMMISSIONING......................................................................................................................19
DISPLAY PANEL ...........................................................................................................................25

4.1
SCREEN NAVIGATION ...............................................................................................................25
4.2
MAIN SCREEN ..........................................................................................................................26
4.3
SETUP SCREENS .....................................................................................................................27
4.3.1
Operation mode screen ..................................................................................................28
4.3.2
Parameters screen ..........................................................................................................33
4.3.3
Filter data screen .............................................................................................................36
4.3.4
Setup panel screen..........................................................................................................37
4.4
AFQ-4W VIEW SCREENS ........................................................................................................38
4.4.1
Voltage and current screen.............................................................................................39
4.4.2
Power screen....................................................................................................................40
4.4.3
Power load screen ...........................................................................................................41
4.4.4
4.4.5
Power mains screen ........................................................................................................41

Power filter screen ...........................................................................................................42
4.4.6
THD(I) screens .................................................................................................................42
4.4.7
Harmonic content load and mains screen....................................................................43
4.4.8
Total THD(I) screen..........................................................................................................45
4.4.9
Log screen ........................................................................................................................46
4.5
PASSWORD ..............................................................................................................................47
4.6
WARNING DESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................................................49
POWERSTUDIO APPLICATION.................................................................................................53
MAINTENANCE.............................................................................................................................54
6.1
STANDARD MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................................55
6.2
COOLING FANS AND TURBINES. ...............................................................................................56
6.2.1
Inductor cooling fan .........................................................................................................56
6.2.2
Semiconductor cooling fan/turbine ................................................................................60
3-80

6.3
DC BUS CAPACITORS ..............................................................................................................64
6.4
SOFTWARE UPDATE .................................................................................................................65
6.4.1
Update AFQ software ......................................................................................................65
6.4.2
Update panel software ....................................................................................................67
6.4.3
Checking the configuration after complete the update ...............................................70
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................71
MAINTENANCE AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT .......................................................................74
4-80
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
The following safety instructions are for all operations performed on the active
filter.
The
electrical
installation,
commissioning
and
maintenance work must be done by authorized and trained

personnel.
The energy levels used and generated by this converter

can be dangerous. The AFQ-4W contains power capacitors
which may remain charged after the disconnection. Do not
attempt to manipulate the inside of the equipment until 5
minutes after disconnection from the mains.
The device has dc and ac capacitors. Before performance any maintenance
works wait 5 minutes and check that there is no residual voltage on the
capacitors.
Check that the ground connection is properly done before energize the device.
An earth fault may damage the device and cause electrical shock.
An incorrect installation or incorrect configuration of the active filter may
damage the unit itself and other devices connected in the net.
Before manipulate the current transformer, check that the secondary is shortcircuited. An open secondary of a loaded current transformer can generate
dangerous voltage.
Never energize or start the active filter with the open door or the side covers
removed.
5-80
1 Delivery spot check

This manual is aimed to be a help for the installation and maintenance of the
Active Harmonic Filter (AFQ-4W).
After unpacking the equipment, check the AFQ-4W corresponds to type and
size you ordered and that it has not suffered any damage during transport.
Check that supply voltage in your site is according to the equipment
characteristics (see nameplate on the back of the front door).
Figure 1: Label on the back of the front door.
Check that neutral is available in the site you are going to connect the Active
Harmonic Filters of four wires (AFQ-4W.)
The active filter (AFQ-4W) must be rated according to the harmonic currents to
be filtered and the electrical characteristics of the installation. Check paragraph
3.1 Dimensioning the AFQ rated current to define the correct range of active
filter. Skip the recommendations may cause improper operation of active filter
and the impossibility to properly compensate harmonic currents.
6-80
2 General description
2.1 Introduction
Harmonics
Harmonics are generated by power electronic devices such as rectifiers,
inverters, motors drives etc. These loads generate currents formed by a
fundamental frequency component of 50 or 60Hz, plus a series of
superimposed currents in multiples of the fundamental frequency.
Table 1: Each harmonic frequency.
Harmonic distortion may generate overload of machinery, overheating of

copper, activation of magnetic switches, damage of sensitive loads
Current Total harmonic distortion THD(I)
Current total harmonic distortion THD(I) is the measurement of the relation
between harmonic distortion present in a signal and the fundamental frequency
component (50Hz or 60Hz).
Equation 1: Current THD(I) calculation.
7-80
2.2 Operating principle

Active Filters target is the harmonic current filtering including zero sequence
currents (harmonics multiple of three generated by single phase rectifiers), load
current balance across phases and between phases and neutral wire and
reactive current compensation.
The operating principle of Active Filters is to detect the difference between the
required sinus wave and the signal deformed by the effect of the harmonics.
Therefore the Active Filter injects the difference of currents between both
waves.
Figure 2: Currents at load, filter and mains.
AFQ-4W is connected between the supply line and the coupling point of the
loads in parallel. Current measurements will be made at load side (downstream
the AFQ-4W connection point).
Figure 3: Generic scheme of AFQ-4W connections.
8-80
3 Installation and commissioning

3.1 Dimensioning the AFQ rated current
The active filter must be rated for harmonic currents that must be filtered. AFQ
rated current must be at least 20% above the maximum level of harmonics to be
filtered. This factor may be higher depending on the electrical characteristics of
the installation.
Ifilter (AFQ) = [FSh Iload THD(I) ]
Equation 2: AFQ rated current.
Where: Ifilter AFQ rated current
Iload Load maximum current
THD (I) Harmonic distortion of load current
FSh: Safety factor > 1.2
The active filter may present overload problems compensating harmonics

currents on installations with high short-circuit impedance. The symptom to
detect this effect is that originally the THD(V) (voltage) is over 3%. Has been
confirmed that a higher THD(V) increases the probability of overload filter.
The reason of this effect is that the load does not behave as a current source.
Increasing the harmonic current absorbed by the filter causes an increase of the
harmonics generated by the load. The load could generate more than double of
the initial harmonics current.
To avoid this effect its necessary to oversize the active filter multiplying the
initial harmonics current measured for a safety factor (FSh).
I filter =
I load THD ( I )%
FS h
100
Equation 3: Dimensioning the AFQ range current.
To calculate the safety factor its necessary to estimate previously the shortcircuit relation (RSC) in the converter connection point (CNL) (no in the
installation input). The short-circuit relation is defined as the relation between
the short-circuit current of the mains and the rated current of the no lineal
converters (ICNL).
9-80
RSC =
I SC
I CNL
Equation 4: Calculate the short-circuit relation.
On a real installation, the short-circuit relation on CNL spot may be calculated

measuring the voltage with two different load current values. For example, full
load and 10% of load. VOC is the rated voltage (no load current). The shortcircuit relation may be calculated following the formula showed on next figure.
Figure 5: Graphic to estimate FSh.
Figure 4: Graphic to calculate ISC.
10-80
3.2 Placing
Install the AFQ-4W in an indoor area, maintain an ambient temperature range of
0C to 40C, maximum humidity of 90% non condensation.
Do not install the active filter near a heat source and avoid the directly exposed
to sunlight.
Leave minimum clearances between AFQ-4W cabinet and surrounding cabinets
and walls:
200 mm clearance between AFQ-4W cabinet and other cabinets or walls.

200 mm clearance between cabinet and ceiling.
800 mm clearance in the front part to allow door opening.
Figure 6: Mounting clearances.
Warning!
Install the AFQ-4W in an environment protected from water,
flammable liquids, gases and corrosive substances.
11-80
Warning!
Check that there is not compensation systems installed in the same
grid as AFQ. In case there are compensation systems, these must
be detuned to avoid interaction problems between AFQ and
compensation systems.
3.3 Long storage time

If active filter is not installed after receipt, follow these recommendations to keep
the device in proper conditions.
- Keep the device in a dry ambient. The temperature should be between 0 C
and 50 C.
- Avoid direct exposure to sunlight.
- Keep the device inside the original package.
After long storage time without connect the active filter to the mains is
recommended to apply a process to regenerate the dielectric layers inside the
capacitors. Next table shows the commissioning depending on the storage time.
Storage time
Procedure
< 1 year
No special procedure
1-2 years
Connect AFQ to the grid at least one hour

before starting the device.
> 2 years
Connect AFQ to the grid at least one hour

before starting the device. The maximum
charging current should be limited to 5mA.
Table 2: Commissioning after a long storage time.
12-80
3.4 Wiring
AFQ-4W requires the following external connections:
L1, L2, L3, N - Power connection to mains: 3 phases + neutral. Use
the required wire size according to current. The minimum cable
sections according to the range of the filter are shown in the table
below.
AFQ-4W-
AFQ-4W-
AFQ-4W-
AFQ-4W-
AFQ-4W-
25A
50 A
100 A
150 A
200 A
10
16
35
70
95
a 10
a 10
a 10
a 10
a 10
Terminal
b 20
b 20
b 20
b 20
b 20
(mm)
c 21
c 21
c 21
c 21
c 21
>8
>8
>8
>8
>8
7,6
7,6
7,6
14,4
14,4
25
50
95
2x95
2x95
>8
> 10
> 10
> 10
> 10
12
20
25
30
30
25
50
95
95
95
>8
>8
> 10
> 10
> 10
12
20
25
30
30
Wire size
2
(mm )
L1 L2 L3
Torque (Nm)
Wire size
2
(mm )
LN
Terminal
(mm)
Torque (Nm)
Wire size
2
(mm )
Ground
Terminal
(mm)
Torque (Nm)
Table 3: AFQ wire sizes and torques.
13-80
Figure 7: Terminal connection wire.
S1/L1, S2/L1, S1/L2, S2/L2, S1/L3, S2/L3 Current transformers

(TI1, TI2, TI3) connections. These transformers are used for
measuring and control purposes. TC or TCH type transformers,
class 0.2s, are recommended for this application. The use of
transformers of classes 0.2, 0.5 or 0.5s would deteriorate slightly
AFQ-4W behavior. However, the harmonic filter responses shall
remain acceptable.
Ground Earth connection.
Active filter (AFQ-4W) connection terminals:
Figure 8: AFQ-4W connection points.
All power cables and load current measurements should enter the cabinet at the
bottom to ensure the IP and to protect users against high voltage parts.
14-80
Figure 9: Cabinet cable entry.
3.4.1 Wiring of active filter (AFQ-4W)

Review the connections according to scheme below.
Figure 10: External connection of the AFQ-4W.
Warning!
Check the AFQ-4W is properly grounded to reduce the risk of
electric shock.
15-80
Caution!
Voltage and current connections must match phases. Otherwise, Active Filter
will not work properly.
Please review that following connections are correct:
Current transformer 1 (TI1) has to measure L1 and
transformer wires must be connected to S1/1L and S2/L1
cabinet.
cabinet.
cabinet.
16-80
secondary
in AFQ-4W
secondary
in AFQ-4W
secondary
in AFQ-4W
3.4.2 Wiring from 2 to 8 Active Filters (AFQ-4W) in parallel

The connection of 2 to 8 AFQ-4W is accomplished by connecting in parallel the
three phases plus neutral. The measurement of load current is connected in
series, so that all filters are using the same transformer.
Figure 11 shows the connection of 2 or more AFQ-4W in parallel with the same
load. Notice that all AFQ-4W use the same current transformers.
Figure 11: Connection of 2 or more AFQ-4W in parallel.
Check 4.3.2 Parameters screen to configure Active Filters in parallel.
Caution!
All active filters (AFQ-4W) connected in parallel must have identical
configurations on OPERATION MODE and PARAMETERS. See (4.3 Setup
screens)
17-80
3.5 Connecting filter to mains

Once all electrical connections stated above have been checked, switch on the
circuit breaker to start the AFQ-4W. When starting the filter, the display will light
on and the following messages will appear: NO INICIAL CONDITIONS and
Starting
Figure 12: Initial screen when the AFQ-4W is starting
A few seconds after, the following messages will appear: NO INICIAL

CONDITIONS and Setup transformers ratio
Figure 13: Initial screen when the AFQ-4W has started
If there is a problem in the wirings or in the power supply, the screen may show
another message. In the section 4.6 Warning descriptions in this manual
describes all the causes of malfunctions and their solutions.
18-80
3.6 Commissioning
The following describes the steps for starting the active filter (AFQ-4W). To see
in detail all configuration parameters, check section 4.3 Setup screens of this
manual.
Caution!
Follow the steps for configuration of the equipment before starting the AFQ-4W.
Step 1.
Setup of the load current transformer and the number of modules in parallel
Access the configuration screen parameters:
Set the parameter RATIO TRANSFORMER with the current relationship

between primary and secondary of the load transformer.
o The AFQ-4W accepts the following load current transformer
relations: 5/5, 10/5, 15/5, 20/5, 25/5, 30/5, 40/5, 50/5, 60/5, 75/5,
100/5, 125/5, 150/5, 200/5, 250/5, 300/5, 400/5, 500/5, 600/5,
700/5, 750/5, 800/5, 1000/5, 1200/5, 1500/5, 1600/5, 2000/5,
2500/5, 3000/5, 4000/5 and 5000/5.
Set the number of modules in parallel. Leave the default value (1) if there
is one AFQ-4W.
Figure 14: Step 1: Ratio of the transformer and number of modules in parallel.
19-80
Step 2.
Configuration of the AFQ-4W functions
Access the configuration screen mode.
Enable harmonic filtering, balanced phases and / or

compensation depending on the requirements of the facility.
reactive
Figure 15: Step 2: Configuration of the AFQ-4W functions.
Caution
Improper configuration can significantly affect the performance of the AFQ-4W.
Consult the technician to select the configuration of equipment according to the
needs of the facility.
20-80
Step 3.
Checking the network voltage and frequency
Access to screen of voltages and currents.
Ensure that the voltage measurements correspond with the real tensions
of the plant.
Verify that the frequency measured by the AFQ-4W corresponds to the

real frequency of the installation.
Ensure that the load current measurements correspond to the current

levels of installation.
Figure 16: Step 3: Checking the network voltage and frequency.
21-80
Step 4.
Verification of active and reactive power
Access to the display of load power.
Verify that the active power measurement of the load corresponds to the
power levels of the facility.
Verify that the reactive power measurement of the load corresponds to

the reactive power levels of the installation.
Check that power factor in the three phases. If there were very low power
factors that would indicate an error in the order of phases. In this case,
you should check the wiring to mains and to the current transformers,
read 3.4.1 Wiring of active filter (AFQ-4W) paragraph for the AFQ-4W
connections.
Figure 17: Step 4: Verification of active and reactive power.
Once verified the real power, reactive power and the power factor, you may
return to the main screen for starting the active filter (AFQ-4W). Press MAIN
button to access to main screen.
22-80
Step 5.
Starting the active filter (AFQ-4W):
If there were no problem in connecting and configuring the AFQ-4W, the
message STOP should be displayed in the main screen.
Figure 18: Message when Active Filter is ready to start.
Press the "START" button to begin the harmonic neutralization, balance of

phases and / or reactive power compensation. If starting was correct, message
RUN will be displayed on the main screen. Press VIEW button to see all
electrical values.
Figure 19: Message when active filter is working.
23-80

If there is a problem in the wiring or in the configuration of the AFQ-4W, the
message "NO INITIAL CONDITIONS" will appear. Paragraph "4.6 Warning
descriptions" of the manual contains all the causes of malfunctions and their
solutions.
Figure 20: Message when Active filter is not ready to start.
If an alarm trips, a message will appear in the main menu describing the
problem. Check 4.6 Warning descriptions for alarm descriptions.
Press RESET ALARM button to start AFQ-4W again when the problem has
been solved.
Figure 21: Message when an alarm has occurred.
24-80
4 Display panel
4.1 Screen navigation
Figure 22: Panel functional flowchart.
25-80
4.2 Main screen

The main screen contains information about the status of the filter, the
START/STOP control key, the alarm recovery key and the access to setup and
view windows.
Figure 23: Main screen
1 START/STOP: Start and stop control key. Filter status must be STOP to
start the Active Filter.
2 RESET ALARM: Alarm recovery key. Recovers the AFQ-4W from an alarm
and brings it to STOP mode.
3 VIEW: Access to the visualization screens.
4 SETUP: Access to the parameters and configuration screens..
5 Additional information of Filter performance: 4.6 Warning descriptions
section contains the explanation of the messages displayed in this box.
6 Filter status:
a. NO INITIAL CONDITIONS: Initial conditions for the AFQ-4W
starting are not fulfilled.
b. STOP: The AFQ-4W is ready to start.
c. RUN: The AFQ-4W is working.
d. ALARM: The AFQ-4W is under alarm.
7 Date and time: Visualization of date and time.
26-80
4.3 Setup screens

The initial setup screen allows the user to access to the screens related with the
configuration of the AFQ-4W.
Figure 24: General setup screen.
Operation mode: Contains the options of harmonic filtering, phase balancing,

reactive current compensation and selective filtering.
Parameters: Contains the options of transformer ratio, minimum current,
control algorithm and number of parallel modules and limit power value.
Filter data: Contains the AFQ-4W5 system information.
Panel setup: Contains the options of selecting the language, set date and time
and enable/disable sound.
Main: Access to the main screen.
27-80
4.3.1 Operation mode screen

User may change options of harmonic filtering, phase balancing, reactive
compensation or selective filtering in the following screens. It also allows user to
disable the polarity alarm, the resonance alarm and the low temperature alarm.
Password must be introduced to modify AFQ-4W parameters.
Check 4.5 Password section to lock and clear password.
Figure 25: Operation mode menu.
Function selection: Access to the screen to enable or disable de active filter

functions: harmonic filtering, reactive compensation and phase balancing.
Selective filtering: Access to the screen to select the number of harmonics you
want to neutralize.
Enable alarms: Access to the screen to enable or disable the alarms.

Back: Back to configuration screen.
28-80

Function selection:
Figure 26: Function selection screen.
Harmonic filtering: Neutralization of the harmonics. This option is set by

default.
Phase balancing: Current balancing across phases and current minimization in
the neutral wire. This option is set by default.
Reactive compensation: Reactive current compensation. This option is not set
by default.
Function priority order: The AFQ-4W sets a priority order in case of overload.
When the Function priority order is enabled, the harmonic filtering is the first
priority and phase balancing and reactive compensation are reduced. If the
Function priority order is disabled, the first priority is the phase balancing and
the reactive compensation. The harmonic filtering is reduced in case of
overload. This option is not set by default.
OFF
ON
Harmonic filtering
Phase balancing +
reactive compensation
PRIORITY
Prioritization of functions
Phase balancing +
reactive compensation
Harmonic filtering
Table 4: Function priority.
Lock/Unlock parameters: Key to lock/unlock the configuration parameters.

Back: Back to operation mode menu.
29-80

Selective filtering:
Figure 27: Selective filtering screen.
Individual harmonic selection:

AFQ-4W configured in control algorithm method 1 (FRECUENCY

MODE)(default control algorithm):
o Select the individual harmonics you want to neutralize from 3rd
to 25th.
AFQ-4W configured in control algorithm method 2 (use this option

under the supplier recommendation).
o Deselect all individual harmonics. Automatically
neutralizes all harmonics from 3rd to 50th.
o Just select harmonics NOT
harmonics are not neutralized.
want
neutralize.
AFQ
Selected
Check 4.3.2 Parameters screen for control algorithm configuration.
Lock/Unlock parameters: Key to lock/unlock the configuration parameters.

Back: Back to operation mode menu.
30-80

Enable alarms:
Figure 28: Enable alarms screen.
Polarity alarm: Enable or disable the polarity alarm.

If the polarity alarm is enabled, the active filter detects automatically the load
current polarity. If there is a regenerative load that temporarily injects energy
into the mains, the polarity alarm will activate.
When the polarity alarm is disabled, the AFQ does not detect the load current
polarity. To verify the polarity of the current transformers, check if the active
power is positive when the load is consuming energy from the network. In case
that there is a regenerative load, the active power will be negative when the
load is injecting power into the network. Disable polarity alarm only when there
is a regenerative load and active power may be negative.
Access to the visualization of active power:
31-80

This option is set by default.
CAUTION
Before starting the AFQ with the polarity alarm disabled, check the correct
wiring of the measurement transformers.
Low temperature alarm: Enable or disable the low temperature alarm. This
alarm avoids starting the active filter when the temperature in the cabinet is
under 0C or there is a problem
This option is set by default. It is recommended not to disable the alarm.
Resonance alarm: The resonance alarm protects the device against resonant
currents between AFQ and load. When a harmonic content load increases
above the limit, resonance alarm disables these harmonic. Before disable the
resonance alarm is necessary to check there is no resonant current.
CAUTION
Before disable the resonance alarm is necessary to check there is no resonant
current. Resonant currents may damage the active filter and other devices
connected on the grid.
32-80
4.3.2 Parameters screen

This menu contains the installation parameters and it should only be modified
during Active Filter start-up. Password must be introduced to modify the AFQ4W parameters. These parameters cannot be modified when filter is running.
Check 4.5 Password section to lock and clear password.
Figure 29: Parameters screen.
Transformers ratio: Load current transformer relation between primary and

secondary.
The AFQ-4W accepts the following load current transformer relations: 5/5, 10/5,
15/5, 20/5, 25/5, 30/5, 40/5, 50/5, 60/5, 75/5, 100/5, 125/5, 150/5, 200/5, 250/5,
300/5, 400/5, 500/5, 600/5, 700/5, 750/5, 800/5, 1000/5, 1200/5, 1500/5,
1600/5, 2000/5, 2500/5, 3000/5, 4000/5 y 5000/5.
Minimum current: Load minimum current to start the AFQ-4W. When load
current is lower than minimum current, the AFQ-4W will stop. When load current
is higher, the AFQ-4W will start working.
Control algorithm: Select the harmonic filtering algorithm.
1 Frequency mode: Harmonic filtering based on the selection of the
harmonics to neutralize from 3rd to 25th. Frequency mode is set by
default.
2 Temporal mode: Harmonic filtering based on total harmonic
neutralization from 3rd to 50th.
When temporal mode is activated, AFQ-4W resets all individual harmonic
selected in "Selective Filtering" to perform a total harmonic neutralization.
33-80
Warning!
Avoid using 2 temporal mode except your supplier recommends it for your
installation. This method may produce resonance problems in specific
installations.
Parallel modules: Access to the screen to setup the number of parallel AFQ4W modules installed.
Power limit: This parameter allows limiting the maximum power of the active
filter. The value is the percent of the rated power of active filter. The value must
be between 20% and 100%.
Lock/Unlock parameters: key to lock/unlock the configuration parameters.
PARALLEL MODULES SETUP
Figure 30: Parallel modules setup screen.
Number of modules: Setup the number of parallel AFQ-4W modules installed.

Up to 8 AFQ-4W can be installed in parallel.
Check
34-80

Wiring from 2 to 8 Active Filters (AFQ-4W) in parallel section to install 2
or more AFQ-4W in parallel.
35-80
4.3.3 Filter data screen

This menu contains the Active Filter system information. Information of this
screen if configured in factory and it is not modifiable.
Figure 31: Filter data screen.
Filter range: Nominal compensating current per phase.

Serial number: AFQ-4W identification.
Setup code: Internal code for setup operation.
Software version: Software version of the AFQ-4W.
Panel version: Software version of the panel.
36-80
4.3.4 Setup panel screen

This screen allows the user to select the language, set date, set time and
enable or disable sound.
Figure 32: Setup panel screen.
Language: Select the language.

Date: .Set date.
Time: Set time.
Sound: Enable or disable sound.
37-80
4.4 AFQ-4W view screens

This screen allows the user to access to visualization screens.
Figure 33: General view screen.
Voltage & current: Access to the voltages and currents screen.

Power: Access to the powers screen.
THD I: Access to the THD(I) screen.
Alarm history: Access to the alarm history screen.
Main: Access to the main.
38-80
4.4.1 Voltage and current screen

This screen displays three phase RMS voltages, the three phase RMS currents
and the network frequency.
Figure 34: Voltages and currents screen.

Back: Back to view screen.
39-80
4.4.2 Power screen

This screen allows the user to access to load power screen, mains power
screen and filter power screen.
Figure 35: Power screen.
Power load: Access to the active, reactive and apparent powers load screen.
Power mains: Access to the active, reactive and apparent powers mains
screen.
Power filter: Access to the power filter screen. This screen shows the power
filter used in percentage of the rated power filter.
40-80
4.4.3 Power load screen

This screen displays the active power, reactive power, apparent and power
factor power of each phase at load side.
Figure 36: Power load screen.

Back: Back to power screen.
4.4.4 Power mains screen

This screen displays the active power, reactive power, apparent power and
power factor of each phase at mains side.
Figure 37: Power mains screen.

Back: Back to power screen.
41-80
4.4.5 Power filter screen

This screen displays the power filter used on each phase. The value is the
percentage of the instantaneous power filter at rated power.
Figure 38: Power filter screen.
4.4.6 THD(I) screens

This screen allows the user to access to the total THD(I) screen, the load
harmonic content screen and the mains harmonic content screen.
Figure 39: THD(I) screen.
THD(I) content load: Access to the load current harmonic spectrum screens.
THD(I) content mains: Access to the mains current harmonic spectrum
screens.
THD(I) total: Access to the view of the total THD(I) of each phase with bar
graph.
42-80

4.4.7 Harmonic content load and mains screen

Load side (downstream the AFQ-4W)
Phase 1
Figure 40: Display of the harmonics of the load current of phase 1.
Phase 2
43-80

Phase 3
Mains side (upstream the AFQ-4W)

Phase 1
Figure 43: Display of the harmonics of the main current of phase 1.
44-80

Phase 3
L1/L2/L3: Access to the view of the current harmonic content of another phase.
Back: Back to THD(I) screen.
4.4.8 Total THD(I) screen

This screen displays three phase total THD(I)s at load and mains side.
Figure 46: Display of the total THD(I) in load and mains side.

Back: Back to THD(I) screen.
45-80
4.4.9 Log screen

This screen displays the active filter log that contains all alarms tripped. It
shows the date and time that started and finished each alarm.
Figure 47: Log screen.
Clear all: Delete all the messages.

Clear select: Delete the select message.
: View the messages of the previous page.
: View the messages of the next page.

: View the message of the previous line.
: View the message of the next line.
46-80
4.5 Password
All the setup options can be password protected. To enable or disable the
protection, you must press LOCK/UNLOCK PARAMETERS key. This key is in
the FUNCTION SELECTION, SELECTIVE FILTERING, ENABLE ALARMS
and PARAMETRES screens.
Figure 48: Lock/Unlock key.
When the lock is enabled, appears the unlock option.
When the lock is disabled, appears the lock option.
To lock or unlock the edition of parameters you must enter the password using
the virtual keyboard that appears on the screen after pressing the "LOCK /
UNLOCK Parameters" button.
47-80
Figure 49: Password screen.
Default password is 1 2 3 4. Press Enter key to validate the password.

Esc key returns to previous screen.
Caution!
Lock the password again after modifying setup options to avoid accidental
modifications of AFQ-4W configuration.
48-80
4.6 Warning descriptions

The following charts show all messages that may appear in the main screen
with the description and the corrective action.
Warning!
Turn off the main breaker before performing any maintenance
operation on the AFQ-4W. Do not attempt to manipulate the inside of
the equipment until 5 minutes after disconnection. Check there is no
voltage on dc capacitors.
This chart shows messages that may appear before AFQ-4W starting
NO INITIAL CONDITIONS
Message
Description
Corrective action
Wait until the AFQ-4W has finished
the starting up.
Starting
AFQ-4W is starting
Whether the message keeps on the

screen, check that the RS-232
communications wire between
panel and control board
Setup
transformer
ratio
The transformer ratio of the load is

not configured
MIN. Load
Load current is lower than minimum
current
current configured on AFQ
MIN. Mains
Voltage
MIN. DC Bus
Frequency
error
Mains voltage is too low
Not enough voltage in DC capacitors
No detection of network frequency
49-80
Check paragraph 4.3.2

Parameters screen to configure
transformer ratio
Minimum current parameter can be
modified in paragraph 4.3.2
Parameters screen
Review voltage levels in mains and
the 1Q22 breaker
Review voltage levels in mains and
the 1Q22 breaker
Review network connections

Review transformers load current.
Polarity error
Measure load current error
Review the configuration on 4.3.1

Operation mode screen
DC bus
unbalance
NTC connector
failure
DC link voltage is unbalanced
The NTC sensor is unplugged or the

temperature inside the cabinet is
below 0 C
Reduce the number of harmonics

to compensate
Check that the NTC sensor is
plugged to the control board .
Check that the temperature inside
the cabinet is above 0 C
Table 5: No initial conditions messages.
This chart shows all alarms messages
ALARMS
Message
Temperature
NTC1
Temperature
NTC2
Temperature
Inductor
MAX. DC Bus
MAX. Positive
DC Bus
MAX. Negative
DC Bus
MAX. Current
MAX. Mains
Voltage
Description
Corrective action
Check fans and turbines, of the
NTC1 sensor over temperature
higher part of the cabinet, are

working properly
Check fans and turbines, of the
NTC2 sensor over temperature
higher part of the cabinet, are

working properly
Inductors over temperature
DC capacitor voltage is too high
Check fans, of the lower part of the

cabinet, are working properly
Review equipment connection and
check voltage levels in mains
Current in the AFQ-4W is too high
Review equipment connections
Mains voltage amplitude is too high
Check voltage levels in mains
Desaturation
Problem related with the drivers
Initial
Reiteration of no initial conditions
conditions error
state
50-80
Review connections between

control and driver boards
Review initial conditions
Resonance
alarm
Verify filter operates on frecuencial

Harmonic resonance detection
mode. Check paragraph 4.3.2

Parameters screen
Contactors or magnetic switches
Review that wires are well
inside the cabinet are not working
connected to the contactors and
properly
the magnetic switches
DC bus charge
The dc bus voltage is not enough for
Review connections on the control
error
proper operation of AFQ
board and drivers board
Contactor
failure
Table 6: Alarm messages.
Press ALARM RESET in main screen to recover Active Filter, if the cause of
the alarm has disappeared or has been solved.
This chart shows messages that may appear while AFQ-4W is running
RUNNING
Message
Description
Corrective action
The AFQ-4W is working properly
but under saturation. It is
recommended to reduce the
MAX. Load
Load harmonics are higher than
number of harmonics to
nominal value of filter
compensate or to reduce the power

limit. See paragraph 4.3.2
Parameters screen for more
information
Table 7: Operation messages.
51-80

This chart shows messages that may appear during AFQ-4W configuration
CONFIGURATION
Message
Description
End Setup
Setup code is not correct
Filter Range
Error
Corrective action
Filter range is not correct
Parallel AFQ
Number of parallel AFQ-4W is not
Enter a valid value to all
Error
correct
parameters in the configuration.
Algorithm Error
Software
version error
Power limit
error
Number of the control algorithm is not

correct
If any messages of configuration
The software version of the screen
appears, contact the technical
does not match the software version
service
of the control board

The value of the power limit error is
not correct. Set up a value between
20 % and 100 %
Table 8: Configuration messages.
52-80
5 PowerStudio application
PowerStudio is an energy management software package and its main features
are the configuration, communication and monitoring of devices and creation of
SCADA screens and reports. It also has a set of tools such as events, filters,
calculated variables, and an images and styles manager to facilitate the users
interaction.
The communication protocol between PowerStudio and active filter is Modbus
RTU, with RS-232 cable.
The configuration parameters of the communication are shown in below table.
Serial Type
RS485
Protocol
Modbus RTU slave
Station number
Baud rate
9600
Data bit
Parity
none
Stop bit
Table 9: Configuration parameters of PowerStudio communication.
The communications cable RS-232 plugs into the back of the panel, according
to the following scheme.
Figure 50: PowerStudio wiring diagram.
53-80
6 MAINTENANCE
The active filter requires minimal preventive maintenance. Follow the
maintenance instructions to avoid premature spoilage of the components.
The table below shows time interval and the maintenance operations.
Description
Interval
Standard maintenance
5.000 a 9.000 h
Cooling turbines (for AFQ100A, AFQ150A y AFQ 200A)
40.000 h
Cooling fans
100.000 h
DC bus capacitors
200.000 h
Table 10: Maintenance operations.
* The interval times of the maintenance operations may vary depending on the
operation conditions and environmental factors.
Danger
Follow the safety instructions described in the chapter
SAFTY INSTRUCTIONS before performance maintenance
on AFQ-4W.
Ignore these instructions may cause injury or even death.
Caution
Inside the cabinet there are components that reach hight
temperature. Wait to cool the AFQ-4W before performance
maintenance.
54-80
6.1 Standard maintenance

Perform maintenance every 6 or 12 months depending on the environmental
dirt and operating conditions of the AFQ.
Set AFQ in STOP mode and open the main switch (OFF position).
Wait 5 minutes and check there is no residual voltage on the capacitors.
- Clean the dirt from fans, vents and inside the device.
- Check the torque of the electrical connections.
- Replace the panels battery if the low battery led is on.
The panel uses a 3V battery. CR2032. The led in lower left corner indicates the
state of battery.
- Green: correct battery level.
-
Red: low battery level.
Figure 51: Front panel image and rear panel image.
After replace the battery panel, its necessary to setup the language, the date
and time.
55-80
6.2 Cooling fans and turbines.

The proper work of fans and turbines is necessary to avoid over-temperature of
the active filter components.
The fans and turbines used for cooling the inductors and semiconductors in
each model of AFQ are described in table below.
AFQ
Cooling fans
Inductors
Cooling fans
Inductors
Cooling turbines
IGBT
AFQ-4W-25 A
AFQ-4W-50 A
AFQ-4W-100 A
AFQ-4W-150 A
AFQ-4W-200 A
Table 11: Cooling components depending on the AFQ range.
The next symptoms may indicate a fans / turbines malfunction:

- The increased fan/turbine noise.
- The temperature increase inside the cabinet under the same operating
conditions and ambient temperature.
- The alarm temperature is activated regularly.
Its recommended to replace the fan or turbine if any symptom is detected.
6.2.1 Inductor cooling fan

AFQ-4W-25 A / 50 A / 100 A
The following instructions are for replacing inductor fans AFQ-4W-25A, AFQ4W-50A and AFQ-4W-100A.
- Set AFQ in STOP mode and open the main switch (OFF position).
- Wait 5 minutes and check there is no voltage in the capacitors.
- Unplug the fan supply wire. The connector is found in the lower right corner of
the fan.
56-80
Figure 52: Fans change on AFQ25, 50 and 100. Step 1.
- Unscrew the four screws. Use a 3mm. allen key.
- Replace damaged fan. Install the new fan in the right position, with the supply
connector in the lower right corner.
- Plug the supply wires
57-80

AFQ-4W-150 A / 200 A
The following instructions are for replacing inductor fans AFQ-4W-150A and
AFQ-4W-200A.
- Remove the methacrylate protection in front of fans.
- Remove inductor wires and busbar.

- Unscrew the box cover. Use a torx 20 key. Remove box and unplug the fan
supply wire.
- Replace damaged fan. Use a 7mm. allen key to remove the fan from the
cover.
58-80
- Plug the fan supply wire and assemble the cover.

- Connect inductor wires and busbar. Keep the original scheme.
x: R, S, T phase.
- Mount the methacrylate protection.
59-80
6.2.2 Semiconductor cooling fan/turbine

The IGBTs are mounted on a heatsink cooled by fans on AFQ-4W-25A and
AFQ-4W-50A, or cooled by turbines on AFQ-4W-100A, AFQ-14W-50A and
AFQ-4W-200A.
AFQ-4W-25 A / 50 A
The following instructions are for replacing the heatsink fans AFQ-4W-25A and
AFQ-4W-50A.
- Remove the methacrylate protection and bring down the panel that holds
electronic boards.
- Remove the right cover of the cabinet.
TOP FANS
- Remove the six screws that fix the air hood on the heatsink.
Figure 58: Fans change AFQ50A. Step 1.
- Lift the air hood, unplug the fan supply wire and remove the air hood.
60-80

- Remove damaged fan.
- Install the new fan in the same position as the replaced fan.
- Plug the fan power and insert the air hood.
BOTTOM FANS
- Unplug the fan supply wire from the bottom of the heatsink.
- Remove the four screws that fix the fan on the heatsink.
61-80
- Replace damaged fans. Install new fan in the same position as removed fan.
- Connect the fan supply wire. Install the right cover. Check that the ground wire
is properly connected on the cover.
- Bring up the panel that holds electronic boards and insert the methacrylate
protection.
AFQ-4W-100 A / 150 A / 200 A
The following instructions are for replacing the heatsink fans AFQ-4W-100A,
AFQ-4W-150A and AFQ-4W-200A.
- Remove the methacrylate protection and bring down the panel that holds
electronic boards.
Figure 63: Turbine change AFQ150A| 200A. Step 1.
62-80

- Disconnect turbine supply wires.
- Remove screws 1 and 2 that hold the turbine, and remove screws 3, 4, 5 and
6 that fix the turbine on the heatsink.
Figure 64: Turbine change AFQ150A| 200A. Step 2.
- Replace damaged turbine.

- Fix six screws and connect the supply wire.
- Bring up the panel that holds electronic boards and insert protection
methacrylate.
63-80
6.3 DC bus capacitors

The life expectancy of the dc capacitors is about 200.000 hours (22 years). The
life expectancy may vary depending on the operating mode of active filter and
environment conditions, especially on the room temperature.
The active filter capacitors do not require maintenance, except for the
commissioning after al long storage time (see 3.3 Long storage time)
64-80
6.4 Software update

The active filter has the option to update software using the memory provided
by CIRCUTOR.
The upgrade process is completed in two steps: upgrade control software and
upgrade panel software.
The tools needed to perform the update process are:
- CIRCUTOR memory
- USB pen memory with software Vx.yz
x.yz: version software number
CAUTION
The control version and the panel version must match in number version. The
active filter can become out of service if two different software versions are
installed.
To check the software version access to filter data screen (see 4.3.3 Filter data
screen)
6.4.1 Update AFQ software

Follow next instructions to updade the AFQ control software.
- Switch off the filter. Wait 5 minutes before opening the door.
- Disassemble the polycarbonate protections to access the main board.
- Locate the control board. If the control board has microswitches, switch the
2 microswitches closer to the battery. If the control board has jumpers, move
the 2 jumpers closer to the battery. If the initial state was 0000, after
switching it must be 0011.
65-80
Figure 65: Configuration control board for updating. A jumpers. B microswitches.
Plug the device supplied in the connector, close to the microswitches. Must
be connected with the flat part in the opposite side of the battery, the
bumped part close to the battery.
Figure 66: Connecting the memory to the control board.
Switch the filter on. It can be done with door opened, but work with extreme
caution. You can do it, but under your risk. In this case, you can follow the
upgrading procedure. A green LED will light during the updating process,
and will be off after that period. If you want to upgrading with the door
closed, switch on the filter, wait 2 minutes, and switch it off. The upgrading
procedure should be finished.
Switch off the filter again. Wait 5 minutes.
Unplug the device supplied. Switch the microswitches or jumper back to the
initial position 0000.
Mount the polycarbonate protection.
The filter is updated.
66-80
CAUTION
If the panel software is no updated, update this software before starting the
active filter (see 6.4.2 Update panel software).
CAUTION
Finished the update process could be necessary to setup again the filter
parameters. Before start the filter check the configuration parameters. (See
6.4.3 Checking the configuration after complete the update)
6.4.2 Update panel software

The panel software can be updated with an USB memory stick and the file
Vx.yz_CIRCUTOR.
x.yz: number of version software.
Follow next steps to update de panel software:
- (Skip this step if you already have a memory stick from CIRCUTOR)
Unzip the file XP_Project.rar and move the folder XP_Project to the root of
the memory stick.
(root USB memory):\XP_Project\Vx.yz_CIRCUTOR
-
Turn off active filter, wait until the capacitors are discharged (about 5
minutes). When the capacitors are discharged, plug in the memory stick into
the USB port found behind the panel.
Power the active filter and wait until the screen has started. Check the filter
is STOP state. Access the FILTER DATA screen and change the setup code
number to 25.
Access the SETUP screen and push EXIT button.
67-80
Figure 67: Access to the panel menu.
Inside the panel menu configuration, press Storage Function.

If the warning Cannot find any removable Storage is displayed on the
panel, try disconnecting and reconnecting the memory stick.
Figure 68: Panel update. Step 1.
Press Download project. Select the file Vx.yz (x.yz is the version number of
software) and press OK.
Wait until the update is complete. After the udate, the panel will restart the
software.
68-80
Figure 69: Panel update. Step 2.
Turn off the active filter, wait until the capacitors are discharged (about 5
minutes.) and unplug the memory stick.
Reenergize the filter again.
If the message End Setup appears, you should change the setup code
number to 14 in the FILTER DATA screen. Back to main screen and verify
that the End Setup message is cleared.
If the message Parallel AFQ error appears, you should access to
PARAMETERS screen and configure Parallel Modules option. (See 4.3.2
Parameters screen)
CAUTION
If the AFQ software is no updated, update this software before starting the
active filter (see 6.4.1 Update AFQ software).
CAUTION
Finished the update process could be necessary to setup again the filter
parameters. Before start the filter check the configuration parameters. (See
6.4.3 Checking the configuration after complete the update)
69-80
6.4.3 Checking the configuration after complete the update

Check the configuration on the screen OPERATION MODE:
- FUNCTION SELECTION
- SELECTIVE FILTERING
-
ENABLE ALARMS
Check the configuration on the screen PARAMETERS:

- TRANSFORMERS RATION
-
MINIUM CURRENT
CONTROL ALGORITHM
PARALEL MODUELS
POWER LIMIT
Check the configuration on the screen FILTER DATA:

- FILTER RANGE: 25 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 (see the description on the
nameplate behind the door)
- SERIAL NUMBER: 802xxxxxx (see the serial number on the nameplate
behind the door)
- SETUP CODE: 14
- SOFTWARE VERSION: X.YZ
- PANEL VERSION: X.YZ
70-80
7 Technical characteristics
Models
AFQ_4W-25
AFQ_4W-50
AFQ_4W-100 AFQ_4W-150 AFQ_4W-200
Harmonic phase current
25 A RMS
50 A RMS
100 A RMS
150 A RMS
200 A RMS
Harmonic neutral current
75 A RMS
150 A RMS
300 A RMS
450 A RMS
600 A RMS
Harmonic peak current
50 A PEAK
100 A PEAK
200 A PEAK
300 A PEAK
400 A PEAK
Electrical characteristics
Nominal Voltage
400 V 15%
Frequency
50 Hz / 60 Hz +/- 10%
Number of phases
3 phases plus neutral wire ( 4 wires)
Filter specifications
Current harmonics compensation
2nd to 50th harmonic
Specified harmonic selection
2nd to 25th harmonic
Load current balancing
Yes
Reactive current compensation
Yes
Controller
Digital, DSP
Transient Response Time

Current limitation
< 1ms
Protection from over current by current limitation at filter nominal value
Graphic Display Panel
LCD display, 5,7 320x240 pixel
71-80
Standards
Reference Harmonic Standard
EN61000-3-4, IEEE519-1992
Reference Design Standard
EN60146
Safety Standard
EN50178
Electromagnetic Compatibility
EN55011, EN50081-2, EN61000-4-2, EN61000-4-3, EN61000-4-4

EN61000-4-5, EN61000-4-6, EN61000-6-2
Display functions
Controls
Start, stop, reset alarm and filter status description

Configuration of all filter parameters including: harmonics filtering,
Setup
Electrical values display
load balancing, reactive compensation, load transformer ratio,

minimum current, control algorithm and number off AFQ-4W in parallel.
Language, date and time and sound.
Voltages and currents measurements.
Real, reactive and apparent power and power factor measurements.
Current harmonics and harmonic spectrum graph.
Internal temperatures and alarms history
Optional products
CVMk2
Power Studio
Three phase power quality analyzer

SCADA software for online-instantaneous values and historical
72-80
Environmental conditions
Operating Temperature
+0C to +50C
Relative humidity
0 to 90% without condensation
Operating Alititude
< 2000m
Mechanical characteristics
Dimensions (WxHxD) (mm)

Weight (kg)
AFQ_4W-25
AFQ_4W-50
AFQ_4W-100
500x830x450
655x1350x450
665x1800x457
135
212
272
Figure 70: Dimensions of AFQ-4W (25A, 50A, 100A).
AFQ_4W-150
AFQ_4W-200
1190x1900x620x720 1190x1900x620x720
505
511
Figure 71: Dimensions of AFQ-4W (150A 200A).
73-80
8 MAINTENANCE AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT

In case of any doubt or failure of equipment operation, please contact the Technical Assistance
Service CIRCUTOR, S.A.
Servicio de Asistencia Tcnica
CIRCUTOR, S.A.
Vial Sant Jordi, s/n
08232 Viladecavalls (Barcelona)
Tel: 902 449 459 (Spain)
Tel: (+34) 937452900 (outside Spain)
email: sat@circutor.es
74-80
75-80
76-80
77-80
78-80
79-80
Queda prohibida la reproduccin total o parcial de esta publicacin, sin para ello contar con la autorizacin previa y por escrito de CIRCUTOR, SA
En caso de cualquier duda de funcionamiento o avera del equipo.

Avisar al Servicio de Asistencia Tcnica (S.A.T.) de CIRCUTOR
ESPAA:
INTERNACIONAL:
902 449 459

(+34) 93 745 29 00
email:
sat@circutor.es
CIRCUTOR, SA
Vial Sant Jordi, s/n 08232 Viladecavalls (Barcelona)
Tel. +34 93 745 29 00 Fax: +34 93 745 29 14
Web: www.circutor.com email: central@circutor.es
80-80

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ACTIVE FILTER (AFQ-4W)

AFQ Instructions Manual

AFQ Instructions Manual

DELIVERY SPOT CHECK .............................................................................................................6

OPERATING PRINCIPLE ..............................................................................................................8

INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING ....................................................................................9

DIMENSIONING THE AFQ RATED CURRENT...............................................................................9

LONG STORAGE TIME...............................................................................................................12

Wiring of active filter (AFQ-4W) .....................................................................................15

CONNECTING FILTER TO MAINS ...............................................................................................18

DISPLAY PANEL ...........................................................................................................................25

SCREEN NAVIGATION ...............................................................................................................25

MAIN SCREEN ..........................................................................................................................26

SETUP SCREENS .....................................................................................................................27

Operation mode screen ..................................................................................................28

Parameters screen ..........................................................................................................33

Filter data screen .............................................................................................................36

Setup panel screen..........................................................................................................37

AFQ-4W VIEW SCREENS ........................................................................................................38

Voltage and current screen.............................................................................................39

Power load screen ...........................................................................................................41

Power mains screen ........................................................................................................41

THD(I) screens .................................................................................................................42

Harmonic content load and mains screen....................................................................43

Total THD(I) screen..........................................................................................................45

Log screen ........................................................................................................................46

WARNING DESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................................................49

STANDARD MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................................55

COOLING FANS AND TURBINES. ...............................................................................................56

Inductor cooling fan .........................................................................................................56

Semiconductor cooling fan/turbine ................................................................................60

AFQ Instructions Manual

DC BUS CAPACITORS ..............................................................................................................64

SOFTWARE UPDATE .................................................................................................................65

Update AFQ software ......................................................................................................65

Update panel software ....................................................................................................67

Checking the configuration after complete the update ...............................................70

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................71

MAINTENANCE AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT .......................................................................74

AFQ Instructions Manual

maintenance work must be done by authorized and trained

The energy levels used and generated by this converter

AFQ Instructions Manual

1 Delivery spot check

Figure 1: Label on the back of the front door.

AFQ Instructions Manual

Table 1: Each harmonic frequency.

Harmonic distortion may generate overload of machinery, overheating of

Equation 1: Current THD(I) calculation.

AFQ Instructions Manual

2.2 Operating principle

Figure 2: Currents at load, filter and mains.

Figure 3: Generic scheme of AFQ-4W connections.

AFQ Instructions Manual

3 Installation and commissioning

The active filter may present overload problems compensating harmonics

Equation 3: Dimensioning the AFQ range current.

AFQ Instructions Manual

Equation 4: Calculate the short-circuit relation.

On a real installation, the short-circuit relation on CNL spot may be calculated

Figure 5: Graphic to estimate FSh.

Figure 4: Graphic to calculate ISC.

AFQ Instructions Manual