Fasteners
Institute
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Acknowledgements
The Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI) wishes to acknowledge the technical staff
and its technical directors for the creation and compilation of the materials in this book.
Special thanks goes to Richard Belford, the original Technical Director, Charlie Wilson,
who served as Director of Engineering from 1963 through 2006, and Joe Greenslade,
who has been the Director of Engineering Technology since 2007.
This document would not be possible without the dedicated and skillful efforts of
Barbara Grachanin and Jennifer Vance in pulling the materials together, proofreading it,
and preparing it for publication.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
THREAD SECTION
ASME B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNR Thread Form)
17
ASME B1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw Threads
54
ASME B1.3 Screw Thread Gaging Systems for Acceptability: Inch and
Metric Screw Threads (UN, UNR, UNJ, M, and MJ)
65
106
120
127
133
143
146
151
163
ASTM A193/A193M Alloy Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for
High Temperature Service
175
ASTM A307 Carbon Steel Externally Threaded Standard Fasteners
190
ASTM A320/A320M Alloy Steel Bolting Materials for Low Temperature Service
199
ASTM A354 Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other
Externally Threaded Fasteners
209
ASTM A394 Steel Transmission Tower Bolts, Zinc Coated and Bare
219
ASTM A449 Hex Cap Screw, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90
ksi Minimum Tensile Strength, General Use
229
ASTM F468 Nonferrous Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs for General Use
241
ASTM F593 Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs
252
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ASTM F1554 Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55 and 105-ksi Yield Strength
265
SOCKET SECTION
ASME B18.3 Socket Cap, Shoulder, Set Screws, Hex, and Spline Keys
333
385
ASTM F835 Alloy Steel Socket Button and Flat Countersunk Head Cap Screws
396
405
ASTM F879 Stainless Steel Socket Button and Flat Countersunk Head Cap Screws
416
425
432
441
ASTM A325 Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
458
ASTM A490 Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
470
ASTM F959 Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural
Fasteners
479
ASTM F1852 Twist Off Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies,
Steel, Heat Treated 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
486
ASTM F2280 Twist Off Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies,
Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
497
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NUT SECTION
ASME B18.2.2 Nuts for General Applications: Machine Screw Nuts, Hex, Square,
Hex Flange, and Coupling Nuts
511
ASME B18.6.9 Wing Nuts
533
542
546
566
ASTM A194/A194M Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or
High Temperature Service, or Both
573
ASTM A563 Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
586
597
607
618
SCREW SECTION
ASME B18.6.1 Wood Screws
639
652
ASME B18.6.3 Machine Screws, Tapping Screws, and Metallic Drive Screws
667
746
758
776
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ASTM C954 Steel Drill Screws for the Application of Gypsum Panel Products
or Metal Plaster Bases to Steel Studs from 0.033 in. (0.84 mm) to 0.112 in.
(2.84 mm) in Thickness
786
ASTM C1002 Steel Self-Piercing Tapping Screws for the Application of Gypsum
Panel Products or Metal Plaster Bases to Wood Studs or Steel Studs
791
ASTM C1513 Steel Tapping Screws for Cold-Formed Steel Framing Connections
798
WASHER SECTION
ASME B18.21.1 Washers: Helical Spring-Lock, Tooth Lock and Plain Washers
807
828
RIVET SECTION
ASME B18.1.1 Small Solid Rivets 7/16 In. Nominal Diameter and Smaller
847
ASME B18.1.2 Large Rivets 1/2 In. Nominal Diameter and Larger
859
ASME B18.7 General Purpose Semi-Tubular Rivets, Full Tubular Rivets, Split
Rivets and Rivet Caps
872
IFI-110 Glossary of Terms Relating to Blind Rivets
885
891
897
903
910
916
922
928
933
IFI-137 Inspection and Quality Assurance for General Purpose Blind Rivets
938
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PIN SECTION
ASME B18.8.1 Clevis Pins and Cotter Pins
943
ASME B18.8.2 Taper Pins, Dowel Pins, Straight Pins, Grooved Pins, and Spring Pins
952
FINISHES SECTION
ASTM B695 Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
995
1004
1007
ASTM F2329 Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and
Alloy Steel Bolts, Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
1019
QUALITY SECTION
ASME B18.2.9 Gage and Gaging for Bolts and Screws
1029
1031
ASTM F606 Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally
and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
1043
ASTM F788/F788M Surface Discontinuities of Bolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series
1067
1075
ASTM F1470 Standard Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechanical
Properties and Performance Inspection
1081
IFI-143 Test for Evaluating the Torque-Tension Relationship on Both Externally and
Internally Threaded Fasteners
1087
IFI-166 Inspection Procedure for Thread Nicks
1091
1093
REFERENCE SECTION
Standards References
1127
INDEX
1139
THREADS
THREADS
CONTENTS
PAGE
ASME B1.1
17
ASME B1.2
54
ASME B1.3
65
ABSTRACT
OF ASME B1.1
2003 (R2008)
THREADS
IFI NOTES:
1. This abstract presents the requirements of ASME B1.1 as they apply to the
threaded mechanical fasteners covered in this book. For the omitted information, refer to the complete standard, copies of which are available from www.
asme.org.
2. To aid in the proper usage of the rules for the application of plating or coating on
class 2A external threads two additions were made in Table 1A. The thread class
2A Plated reflecting the usage of the rules in section 7.2 was added, as well as,
the column titled Maximum Coating/Plating Thickness following the rules in
section 7.3.2. This data is not in the complete ASME B1.1 standard.
3. ASME B1.1-2003 (R2008) is abstracted with the permission of its publisher, The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY
10016-5990, U.S.A, www.asme.org.
4. Thread dimensions for sizes No. 0000, 000, and 00 are in Appendix V in ASME
B18.6.3 in this book.
1
GENERAL
1.1
Scope
This Standard specifies the thread form, series, class, allowance, tolerance, and designation for
unified screw threads. (In order to emphasize that unified screw threads are based on inch modules, they
may be denoted unified inch screw threads.) Several variations in thread form have been developed for
unified threads; however, this Standard covers only UN and UNR thread forms.
1.2
The standards for unified screw threads published in this Standard are in agreement with formal
standards of the International Organization for Standardization for diameter-pitch combinations, designations, and tolerances for 60 deg triangular form inch screw threads. Unified screw threads had their origin
in an accord signed in Washington, D.C., on November 18, 1948, by representatives of standardizing bodies of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and have subsequently superseded American
National screw threads.
1.3
UNR applies only to external threads; the difference between UN and UNR threads, in addition to
designation, is that a flat or optional rounded root contour is specified for UN threads, while only a rounded
root contour is specified for UNR threads.
1.4
Interchangeability
Unified (UN/UNR) and its predecessor, American National screw threads, have substantially the
same thread form, and threads of both standards having the same diameter and pitch are mechanically
interchangeable. The principal differences between these standards relate to the application of allowances,
the variation of tolerances with size, differences in the amounts of pitch diameter tolerances for external and
internal threads, and differences in thread designations. Unified inch and ISO metric screw threads are not
mechanically interchangeable.
2011 Industrial Fasteners Institute
Page 17
THREADS
1.5
ABSTRACT
OF ASME B1.1
2003 (R2008)
Designations
Unified thread sizes (specific combinations of diameter and pitch) are identified by the letter combination UN in the thread symbol. In the unified standards, the pitch diameter tolerances for external threads
differ from those for internal threads; for this reason the letter A is used in the thread symbol to denote an
external thread and the letter B, an internal thread. Where the letters U, A, or B do not appear in the
thread designation, the threads conform to the outdated American National screw threads. Details regarding thread designations are given in para. 6.
1.6
Reference Documents
For a complete list of referenced standards, see the STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATION REFERENCE LIST on Page 1127.
1.7
Acceptability
Acceptability of product threads shall be in accordance with ASME B1.3. Gages and gaging shall
be in accordance with ASME B1.2.
1.8
Reference Temperature
1.9
Units of Measure
All dimensions in this Standard, including all tables, are in inches unless otherwise specified.
1.10
When this Standard is approved by the Department of Defense and federal agencies and is incorporated into FED-STD-H28/2, Screw-Thread Standards for Federal Services, para. 2, the use of this Standard by the federal government will be subject to all the requirements and limitations of FED-STD-H28/2.
2
2.1
Scope
The basic profile and design profiles are defined in this paragraph and are the basis of all thread
dimensions given in this Standard.
2.2
Basic Profile
The basic profile for UN screw threads is identical to that for UNR screw threads and is shown in
Fig. 1. Profile applies to an axial plane.
For reference, the basic profile for UN and UNR screw threads is identical to that for ISO metric
screw threads shown in ISO 68.
2.3
Design Profiles
The design profiles define the maximum-material conditions for external and internal threads with
no allowance and are derived from the basic profile. The design profiles of both external and internal screw
threads vary from the basic profile.
Page 18