SnowboardCourse

Abstract:
Thispaperintroduceshowtodesigntheshapeofasnowboardcourse,basedonthe
maximum verticalair,twistandpracticalpointofview.
Playersachieve maximumspeedtoleavetheUgroovefor maximizetheproduction
ofverticalair.Whenfrictionisneglected,iftheinitialvelocityissame,thevertical
air is same. We adopt the most downhill line method considering the time, so that
players on both sides of the Ugroove can usethe shortesttime, namelythe orbit of
thecurveispendulumwire.Theequationcurve:
x=

v2
c
c
(t -sin t ) y = (1 -cos t ) Dh =
-h
2
2
2g

But in the actual situation, the friction can not be ignored. Therefore, in order to
achieve the maximum vertical air, the maximum speed out of slots, we consider
minimumfrictionworkasthestartingpoint,decomposethefirstsliding frictionand
air resistance in horizontaland vertical directions, and then use the second curve to
calculatetheworkintegration.
min w = ( f x + f x' ) dx + ( f y + f y')dy

OA

Theequation: s.t.
y (0) = 0, y ( x1 )= y1

x = g (t ), y = h (t )

In model B, we use the relationship between angular velocity, moment of inertia

and flip, that is, the greater the movement inertia and angular velocity, the more
conducivetoflipandreverse.Accordingtoenergyconservation,theangularvelocity
oftheskiercanbeincreased,byincreasingtheexternal impulsebyskiers.

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Contents
1.Introduction.............................................................................................................3
2.Problem analysisandhypothesis...........................................................................3
3.Models ......................................................................................................................4
3.1Models A4
3.1.2ModelA2.8
3.2ModelsB...9
3.3ModelC11
4.Model testing............................................................................................................13
5.Conclusion...............................................................................................................14

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I.Introduction
Snowboardingdatesbacktothemid1960sinUnitedStates.Ingeneral,thelength
ofaUtypeslotofasnowboardsiteisnotlessthan50mthewidthisnotlessthan10
mtheheightisnotmorethan2mthewallinclinationisnotgreaterthan20degrees.
The flat region and the vertical region connect smoothly. Snowboard is a bit soft,
wide, soles are thick. Players slide side by side within the chute to do a variety of
spinsandjumps,usually58stylesaccompanyingthemusic.
Snowboarding is also known as winter snowboarding surfing. Snowboarding
athletes ski with a pair of skis instead ofdouble using the body and feet to control
direction. The main board actions include leaping catch of nonboard, headstand,
inverted leaps, rotation and so on. The vertical part is about 4 to 5 feet, so players
havetogetusedupanddowntheverticalwall,ifunfamiliar,practicefromthetopof
Utypeslotto thebottomwall,thento theotherend,thenbackwillberepeated.

(Figure)simulationmapsSnowboarding

II.Problemanalysisandhypothesis
AssumeA andB are twoverticallines,which arenotinthesameverticalplane.
FindacurveintheplaneconnectingAandB,sothatthetimetakenistheshortest
fromA to B,onlybygravityroleandtheinitialvelocityiszero. Itisalsoknownasthe
downhilllineasparticlefallingalongthelineofrollertaketheleasttime.
y = y ( x )

(0 x x1)

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(FigureIII) brachistochrone
Twoendsmeettheconditions
y (0) = 0, y ( x1 )= y1
On anypointof thecurve, they havethefollowingrelationshipaccordingto
conservation ofenergy:
1
1
mgh + mv 2 = mg ( h - y )+ mv 2
2
2
WeobtainthetimewhentheparticleslidesalongthecurvefrompointA topointB
byintegral.
x1

T =
0

1+ y2
2gy

dx

WeconsiderthesnowboardingUgroovefastheidealstate,andtheskier's
personal physiques,technicalgrasptheessentials,equipment,etc.areunified,thenwe
canusethismodel tocalculatethemaximum verticalair.Whenreferringtofriction
factors ,makethefriction workreduce toaminimum.Valuetheformulaofyandx
canbeobtainedbylistingplanningmodel,in accordancetotwofixedpoints.

III.ModelandSolution
3.1.1ModelA1
Withoutconsideringthefriction

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TheschematicdiagramofUgroovesnowboardingasbelow:

Assume the Transition part has no friction, then soaring height doesnt have
relationshipwiththeshapeofTransition.However,consideringtheshortesttime,we
establishathefollowingrectangularcoordinatesystem

SetonepointOalongtheTransitionedgeasthecoordinateorigin,thehighestpoint
issetasA( x1 , y1). Determinethetimefrom O to A betheshortest.
Assume the skilled athletes can achieve the maximum controllable speed by
selfaccelerating, that is, the initial speed of all athletes at point O isv0.According to
brachistochronemodel,whichbanbeexpressedas y(x) inmathematics,itsatisfiesthe
boundaryconditions:
y (0) =0

y ( x1)= y A

andso
x1

'

T= F x, y,y d x
0

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Setthepoint(x,y) asanypointonthecurveaccordingtothelawofconservationof
energy ,wecangetthefollowingrelationship:
1 2
1
mv0 = mgy + mv 2
2
2
g
Where istheacceleration,sothereis
v = v02 -2gy
Setthecurveequationofmotionisy = y ( x ), namelythecurvefromthe O to A .
Thespeedcan beobtainedas:
v + v0 ds
dx
=
= 1+ y'2
2
dt
dt
Thatis:
dx
v = 2 1+ y '2
-v0
dt
v iseliminated fromtheaboveequationthen integrate,wecanobtainthetimethe
athletespent
x1

T =
0

2 1+ y' 2

dx
v02 - 2gy + v0

Writebrachistochroneasthefollowingmathematicalprogramming:
2

x1
2 1 + ( dy /dx)
minT =

0 v 2 - 2gy + v dx

0
0

s.ty ( 0 ) = 0,y ( x1 )= y1

There:
x

dy

min T = F x, y ( x ) , dx
dx

0
s.ty x = y ,y x = y
( 1 ) 1
0
( 0)
1

We can translate it into theequivalent Euler equation according to multiple

functionsandmultiplefunctionsoftheTaylorexpansion.

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F 1 F
dy
- d ' = 0,y' =

dx
y dx y
y x = y ,y x = y
( 1 ) 1
0
( 0 )
When the function F is not significant with time, the formula above can be
translatedinto
F

F - y' y = c
(cisconstant)

y ( x ) = y ,y ( x )= y
0
1
1
0

Theequation curveisthecycloid,theform isasfollows

c
x = (t -sin t )
2
c
y = (1 -cos t )
2
ThentheUgrooveisasshown

Generallyknownbytheinternationalrules,hisnotlessthan2m,setting:h=3then
R =1.5 p R = x1

Curveequationis
x = 1.5(t -sin t )
y = 1.5(1 -cos t )
ThecurveofUgrooveisasfollows:

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The maximum controllable speed of a good skier is about 15m /s , assume the
initial speedis10m/sreachingpointOthrough approach andselfacceleration.
Baseon theinitialvelocityofenergyconservation
1 2
mv =mgH
2
Dh = H -h
Weobtainbytheaboveformula
Dh =2.102
Fordifferent v0 andR, thesoaringheightisnotthesame.Thefigureisasshown

3.1.2ModelA2
Bystressanalysisofobjects,therectangularcoordinatesystemisestablished:
Thecoefficientoffrictionurangefrom0.04to0.2
f x = umgcos q sinq =

umgy'
1+ y ' 2

fy =

umg
1+ y '2

Theairresistancesystemisestablished:
'
x

f = kv sinq =

kv 2 y'
1+y ' 2

'
y

f = kv cosq =

kv2
1+ y '2

Kineticenergychanges
dEk = d (

v02 v 2
kv2
1
)= mgdy + umgdx +
dx cosq =
2 m 2m
cosq
1+ y '2

Thesecondcurveshows thefriction workis:

w = ( f x + f x' )dx + ( f y + f y')dy

oA

Settheparameterequation as:

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x = g (t)

y = h(t )
The initialpoint O andthefinalpointA respectivelycorrespondtoparametersof
t = 0,t1.So
t1

w = ( h ' (t ) + g '(t ))dt

0

Thelessfrictionalforceact,thefasterthespeedslotis.Therefore,wecanconsider
itasamathematicalprogrammingproblem:
min w = ( f x + f x' )dx + ( f y + f y')dy

OA

s.t.
y (0) = 0, y ( x1 )= y1

x = g (t ), y = h(t )
The modelabovecanbeconsideredasthefixed boundarymechanismissue.Here
the fixed boundary is pointOand point A boundary fixed. The function of surface
equationcan be obtained with method 1. However, As x1y1arethe unknown, for
differentgivenvalues,thesurfaceequationmustbedifferent.
Inviewofthiswegiveafewcommodes.Assume

y1 2
= ,u =0.06,k =0.3,andthe
x1 p

general weight of people is 60kg. Curve can be substituted into the equation
parameterequation.

3.2ModelB
Tomaximizetwistintheair,wemustkeeptheinertiamomentleast.
The factors are angular velocity, moment of inertia, torque, which affects players
flip, twist. The greater inertia movement is, the higher the ability to maintain the
originalstateofrotationalis.Thesmaller,onthecontrary.Whenathletestwistorflip
in the air, turn the body to maintain the state as possible, as the higher of angle
rotationiscompleted.Therefore,athletesneedtohaveahigherrotationalinertia.

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Inthisproblem,weregardtheplayerasaball,then its momentof inertiacan be

obtainedfollowings
m = r v

v =

4p r3
3

1 r 2
2
r dm = mr 2

0
2
5
Formula shows that the size of the objects movement inertia is connected with
boththequalityandthemassdistributionand locationofrotationalaxis,namelythe
athletesthemselvesfactors.
Through anglicizingtheathletes swivelandflipangularvelocity,wefoundthatthe
swivel angular velocity relatively simple, however, flip angular velocity includes
swivelangularvelocityandaerialtumblingangularvelocity.
dq
v =
dt

dm =4p r 2r dr

J=

v turn = v twist 2 + v roll-over2

Dq
,Whenathletestocompletethe
Dt
swivel or aerial tumbling action in the game or training with the same time, the
greatertherotationis,theangularvelocityisbigger.
Accordingtotheconservationofangularmomentum:

Accordingtotheangularvelocityformula v =

M =
Andangularmomentum

d ( Jv ) dL
=
dt
dt

L = Jv

Whenthere is no outertorque role, the angular momentumskiers and skateboard

remain unchanged. When there is the outer torque role, the decreases in rotational
inertiawill causeangularspeedincrease.
Wedoforceanalysistoskiersafterthesuspension.

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Accordingtotheenergyconservation,whenFincrease,athletesofangularvelocity
isgettinghigher,Therebyachievemaximumtwistintheair.
Webuildasfollowing:

Whenathletesreach thehalf circulararc,sufferingfrom centrifugalforcefunction:

F =

mvm2
r1

Therefore theresultantforcetheathletesundergoincreases

3.3ModelC
SBCUfield isthesame foreachplayer,tomakesnowboardathleteshavea very
good venue to show their skills in skiing, the design of snowboarding site is very
important, we should also make many factor to be weighed to a practical
snowboarding market.. design a practical snowboarding market. Ancillary facilities
suchasskiresorts(includingaudio),Scoringcriteria,geographicalfactors,tobalance
trafficconditions
CurrentlyinChina,therearefourspecial Uspace,whichwas firstbuilt inHarbin
Instituteof Physical Education. However,the high arconboth sides ofthe venue is
differentandtheflatnessofthesiteisnotgoodBeijingLotusMountainSkiUspace
is relatively good, but the site of the active area is too short, to 5 completed the
following 5 actions Shenyang Institute of Physical Education and Yabuli ski ski 2

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Uspacerelativelywell,butthereistheproblem ofexcessiveunilateralarc.Athletes
inthiscompetitionortrainingvenuesforthedifficultyandqualityofitsactionmust
be affected. Comparison sites such as the Turin Winter Olympic Games overseas
venueissuperslot,thefieldlengthis135meters,Utypewithawidthof17.5meters,
Udepthof4.8meters,5.5meterslongsinglewall,athletesinthisonthetrainingand
competitionvenuesconducivetothecompletionofdifficultmoves.
AUgroovesitediagram,asfollows:

Snowboarding marketsupportfacilitiesshouldproperlycompletetheirtasks,such
as sound can stimulate competition to play the most passionate music rhythm game
players,sotheracetohaveanartistic,whichismainlyreflectedinthemovementin
the artistic integrity, namely, the action fluency, the quality of movement difficulty,
height,connectionandusageofthesite.Butalsointhearenaplayplace,timewillbe
also reasonable. it would enhance the enthusiasm of players to form a good
competitivestate,therebyenhancingcompetitionresults.
Changes in the referee's scoring with three points: (1) score will deducted during
thegamewhentheathletesappeartofallorstoppoints,eachfallorapausebutton1
up to perform technical movements of this project the highest score of 20 %, or 2
points. The rule change before, for such errors can be deducted up to 25% of the
maximumpoints,or2.5points(2)amorerefinedtypeoffall,increasingtheitemsof
"notcompletelystoporinterruptsleep,"whilelowlossdeclineinthehigherpointson
the types of standards. (3) Marking the new terms has been added "in the half pipe
competition, the athletes vacated at leastone line ortwist to getthe highest scoring
referee. If the player does not make the above action, the referee deduct all scores

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20%,namely 2points.
Leverage technology development rules, the referee scoring the game change the
difficultyincrease,butalsoimprovethetechnicallevelofathletes.
Geographical factors also have to consider the lot should not be located in
lowlyingwaterthereareflashfloodsfaults,landslidessandlotsandmarshareas.If
youareinhillyandmountainousareas,inadditiontoconsideringsitelayoutandthe
relationship between the dominant wind direction, but also pay attention to wind
direction. Vacated and the rotation of the athletes on the vacated altitude, forward
speed,the time to completethe action, swivel radius, which are closely related with
thewinddirection,winddirectioncanbebeneficialtoincreasethedifficultyoftwist
andvacated.
Tofacilitatetransportation,snowboardingfieldshouldnottooremote,whichmust
beatleastafewroads,awaywithtparkinglot.Maketheskierconvenient,whichcan
mobilize the enthusiasm of the athletes, but also can increase the snowboard
enthusiasts the number of visitors to this, there used to ski. Snowboarding can be
drivenaroundthefieldinthedevelopmentofthestore.

IV. Modeltesting
We considered the Winter Olympics and World Cup player scored the highest in
EuropeandAmerica,andthe2009WinterAsianplayerscoringthehighestnumberof
data. Their height of the Utrack is 3.5m, and they must complete a certain action,
suchastwistFlip.
Name

Country

Height/m

Shaun Whit

America

5.0

Daniel Kas

America

4.6

Markku Kosk

Finland

4.5

Xiaoye Zeng

China

4.0

Wangcheng Shi

China

4.0

Guomuhehong

Japan

4.3

Haozheng Jin

SouthKorea

4.3

Fornofriction,theerrorisapparent.Theresultwas foundsignificantly higherby

comparingwithsomehighdegreeofFlight.MainsourceoferrorwiththeUgroove
boardslidingisthefrictionandairresistance.

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Take friction into account, list a series of equations, the curve equation can be
obtained, but due to time constraints, and many unknown variables can not be
determined, such as the coefficient of sliding friction, air resistance coefficient,
analytical solutioncannotcome.However,giventhetypical shape,suchascircular,
ellipticalarc,cycloid,wecanobtainnumericalsolutions.

V.Conclusion
To maximize the production of vertical air by a skilled snowboarder, We quote
brachistochrone to built model ,make snowboarderthrough the curve in the shortest
time. First of all we assume that there is no friction and we make sure the curve is
cycloid.Then we consider the influence of friction. By solving the functional
equations,wecan obtainthecurveequation.
For the second question, We use the physical knowledge analyzes the influential
factors of torsion skiers, By changing the shape of ushape pool to improve skiers
torsion..
We offer an optimization model to develop a practical course which make a
skilled snowboarder maximize the production of vertical air and get good grades.
However, the model we build is only based on the theory of knowledge, without
practical experience.

VI.Model Evaluation
The advantage of this model is that consideration is very comprehensive. Ignore
friction points and the presence of friction, air resistance both cases. model A with
frictionignored,notonlytakingthemaximumagersintoaccount,aswellas,thatis,
brachistochrone. For the existence of friction, we established the optimal model,
althoughitcannotfindtheanalyticsolution,butgivenanumberofvariables,then the
numericalsolutioncanbeobtained.ModelC,wehaveimprovedtheUgrooveshape,
sothatathletescanbetterflipandrotation.AndalsogivestheUestablishedskiboard
somepracticaladvice.

VII.References
(1) JID. Variational method[M].shijin li translation.Beijing: Higher education
press,1958

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(2)dongweiHuang,lixiaZhengAkindofthedownhillandtheshortestpathproblem
[J]Engineeringmathematics,2000.16(1):102106.
(3) huiminShao. Physical and mathematical method.[M].Beijing: Sciences
press,2004.12
(4) dazhong Lao. Variational method based.Beijing: In publishing for national
defenceindustry,2004.9.
(5) shouzhu Cheng,zhiyong Jiang. General physics.Beijing: Higher education
press,2006.12
(6)Tongjiuniversity..Thehigher mathematics6thedition.Beijing:Highereducation
press,2007.6.
(7) Baidulibrary.