CAUSESOFKICKS

T.V.D. TrueVerticalDepth

Height
TVD

Youhavetoconsidertheverticalheight ordepthofthefluidcolumn,the
shapeoftheholedoesntmatter.

TheDrillermustknowtrueverticaldepth(TVD)measurements.

PressureHydrostatic,Ph=Mudwt.x0.052xTVD

HydrostaticPressure

6240psi

7800psi

5616psi

6100psiPf

6058psi

WHY dowelosethePrimaryWellControl?
Becausethepressureinthewellborebecomeslessthanthe
pressureintheformation,dueto:

FailuretoFillTheHoleProperlyWhileTripping
Swabbing/Surging Mudproperties,Pullingspeed,AnnulusClearance
Drillingintozonesofknown pressurewithMudWeighttoolow
Drillingintounexpectedabnormalformationpressure
LostCirculation
InsufficientMudWeight enoughtodrill,butnottotrip
Accidentaldilutionofdrillingfluids
Weightingmaterial(barite)settlingout

ThemainruleofWellControlGame

WELLCONTROL
KeeptheBottomHolePressure
(BHP)slightlyhigherthanPore
Pressureinordertohavethefull
controlofthewell.

WellControlPrinciples
WellControlcanbedefinedunder2maincategories:

Primary WellControl:istheuseofthefluidtopreventthe
influxofformationfluidintothewellbore.

Secondary WellControl:istheuseoftheBOPandKillMud
tocontrolthewell,ifPrimaryWCcannotbemaintained.

NoFillUpExercise
Consequence of no filling-up while triping out
How many stands of dry DP can you POOH, before the
overbalance is lost ?
(no fill-up)
Well Data:
TVD
Hole diameter
Mud Weight
Formation Gradient
Drill Pipe Diameter
Drill Pipe Stand Length
Casing Diameter
Capacities
Drill Pipe Total Displaceme
Drill Pipe Capacity
Open Hole Capacity
Casing Capacity

2
2

3
4
5

10000 ft
8 1/2 "
12,6 ppg
0,64 psi/ft
5"
90 ft
9 5/8 "
0,02538bbl/ft
0,01745bbl/ft
0,07030bbl/ft
0,07340bbl/ft

How many stands of dry DP can you

POOH, before the overbalance is lost ?
(no fill-up)

We can write : pipe metal of drill pipe removed

from the well = Empty volume in the well
and
The hydrostatic pressure loss corresponding to
The missing mud in the well represents the
OverBalance prevailing before tripping.

Well Data:
- TVD:

10,000 ft

- Mud Weight:

12.6 ppg

- Formation Gradient:

0.64 psi/ft

DP Metal Displacement = 0,00793 bbls / ft

Pore Pressure = 6400 psi

- 5 DP close end Displacement: 0.02538 bbl/ft

- 5 DP Capacity :

0.01745 bbl/ft

Bottom Hole Pressure = 6552 psi

10

Consequence
How many stand
overbalance is lo
Well Data:

- 1 stand:

TVD 10000
ft
TVD 3048
m
Hole diameter
8 "1/2
Hole diameter
8,5
"
Mud Weight
12,6
ppg
Mud Weight
1,5098
SG
Formation
0,64
psi/ft
Gradient
Formation
0,1448
bar/m
Gradient
Drill Pipe5"Diameter
Drill Pipe5"Diameter
Drill Pipe90
ft
Stand Length Drill Pipe
27,432
mStand Length
Casing Diameter
9 "5/8
Casing Diameter
9,625
"
Capacities
Capacities
Drill Pip0,02538
bbl/ft
Drill Pi13,238
l/m
Drill Pipe
0,01745
bbl/ft
Capacity
Drill Pipe
9,1019
l/m
Capacity
Open Hole
0,07030
bbl/ft
Capacity
Open Hole
36,669
l/m
Capacity
Casing Capacity
0,07340
bbl/ft
Casing Capacity
13,238
l/m

90 ft

ANSW
1We can write

from the well

an

2The hydrostat

The missing m
OverBalance p
0,00793
bbl/ft
DisplacementDP M 4,1363
l/m 4,1363
3 DP Metal
6400
psi
Pore pressure
441,42
bar 441,42
4 Pore pressure

6552
psi pressure Bottom451,18
bar 451,91
5 Bottom Hole

15,2
bbl
8 Empty Volume
ft
9 Lengt 1915

152
psi
6 OverBalance
ft
7 Equiv 232

OverBalance
9,754
bar 10,687
Equiv 65,9
m 70,711
Empty2144
Volume
l 2414,7
Length518
of
m Drill Pipe

10

Number
18,9
stand
of stand

Num 21sta

- 8 1/2 Open Hole Capacity:

0.0703 bbl/ft

- 9 5/8 Casing Capacity:

0.0734 bbl/ft

Bottom Hole Margin = 152 psi

Equivalent Mud Height = 232 ft

Empty Volume = 15,2 bbl

Length of Drill Pipe = 1915 ft

Stands of Drill Pipe = 21,3 stands

coef 0,052
pouce 25,4
mm
pound0,4536
bar 1,019367992
kgf
bbl 158,984
l
ft
0,3048
m
psi 0,070308141
kgf/cm2
ppg 0,119828816
SG
psi/ft0,226287027
bar/m
bbl/ft
521,6010499
l/m
gal 3,7854
l
Secondaire
psi 0,068972286
bar
psi/ft0,230669753
kgf/cm2/m