DEFINITIONS

Strikes are merely symptoms of more fundamental maladjustments, injustices and

economic disturbances C.W.Doten.
A temporary cessation of work by a group of employees in order to express their
grievance to enforce a demand concerning changes in work conditions
Petterson.
Section 2(q) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, defines a strike as a cessation of
work by a body of persons employed in any industry acting in combination, or a
concerted refusal under a common understanding of a number of persons who are
or have been so employed to continue to work or to accept employment
Strike postulates three main elements
1. Plurality of workmen
2. Cessation of work or refusal to do work
3. Combined or concerted action
TYPES OF STRIKES PRIMARY
1. STAY AWAY STRIKE:
-workman do not come to work place
during prescribed working hours.
- organize rallies and demonstrations to draw attention of employers to their
grievances.
2. SIT - DOWN & STAY-IN STRIKE:
- the workers occupy the plants of companies that were being struck.
3. TOOLS - DOWN/PEN DOWN - STRIKE:
-by factory workers and office employees
- lay down their tools/pens; refuse to do work; but remains on the
job/workplace
4. TOKEN OR PROTEST STRIKE:
-short duration
-a brief stoppage of work intended to convey strength of feeling on a
disputed issue
5.

LIGHTINING OR CAT-CALL STRIKE:

-suddenly announce; without/very short notice
-angers/irritations (employer<->employee)
-employer undertakes conciliation & adjudication

6.

GO-SLOW:
-pretending to be engaged in the factory

-reducing the speed of work/delaying production

7.

PICKETING & BOYCOTT:

-Picketing- marching/patrolling in the premises of the employer; carrying
display signs/banners/placards, to draw attention of public/employer
-Boycott- disrupting normal functioning of the enterprise/withdrawal of
co- operation

8.

GHERAO:
- Gherao, meaning 'encirclement
- Usually, a group of people would surround a office / workshop / factory
/residence
-assault ,criminal trespass, mischief to person and property/criminal &
inhuman; VIOLENT
- Sec 339 or 340 or the Indian Penal Code offence imprisonment/fine
9. HUNGER STRIKE
-a method of non-violent resistant in which participants fast
-to create sympathy of the employer and to attract public
-demanding wages, allowance, withdrawal of disciplinary proceedings/
release of arrested workers

TYPES OF STRIKES SECONDARY

SYMPATHETIC STRIKE
-no demand or grievances on their own against employer; for the purpose of
directly aiding or supporting others in their cause
-unjustifiable invasion of the rights of employers; generally unlawful
TYPES OF STRIKES OTHERS
GENERAL STRIKE
-Strike action by a critical mass of the labour force in a city, region or
country
-can be for political goals, economic goals, or both.
PARTICULAR STRIKE
-by calling all other strikes off, thus isolating the particular employees
aimed at
POLITICAL STRIKE
-A strike in which workers have a political objective
-frequently a protest against some government policy
BANDHS
-originally a Hindi word meaning 'closed
-is a form of protest used by political activists
-Bandhs are powerful means for civil disobedience