Hydraulic earth-moving

sand
earth
work principle: a moving fluid dislocates particles and
carries them away

usable for:

NOT possible when frost

excavation (channels, foundation sites, lowering caissons,

stripping/uncovering, ballast extraction)
descopert

earth filling (dikes,

(dikes platforms,
platforms beaches)
above water level: water cannons
operations:
below water level: dredging
digging/excavating
transport (water current) flumes, trenches, pipes
depositing (placing)

Water cannons

hidromonitor

require a large amount of water: springs, creeks,

pumping from rivers/lakes

1- sledge; 2 - from water source;

7 - spherical articulation
9 - nozzle; 11- counterweight

1 - vehicle

Water cannons
work schemes
from downhill
o Lmin, Lmax

from uphill
1- water cannon;
2 trench for water flow;
3, 4 order of excavating

anything wrong?

advantages/disadvantages
productivity
flow direction & slope
worker

may be used during earth

filling

transport

depositing (placing)

destination/purpose:
removal
filling

outlet end of pipe

placing
when the velocity of sludge/silt decreases under the critical
value, particles start settling (first large diameter ones)

in limited space
p
settled material
small dikes
water evacuation pipe(s)
sludge
l d pipe
i

unconsolidated core

fitforsmallareas

placing - large areas

pipeends=
chesstable
pipes placed on
pipesplacedon
trestle(scaffold/
elevatedrunway)
estacad
1- dike;
2 - main pipes;
3 - placing pipes
4 - collector
5 - evacuation pipe
6 - base
7 - flow direction of
decanted water

tall filling e.g. dams

lateral (perimeter) dikes;
depending on area size, various types of scaffolds may be used (or NOT)

4
3
2

1 retentiondike
2 elevatingdikes
3 scaffold(trestle)
4 flume
5 sludgepipe
6 settling(decantation)slope

1 sludgepipe
g pp
2 nozzle
3 scaffold(trestle)
4 retentiondike
5 verticaldrain(watercollection)
6 horizontalpipeforwater
elimination
7 imperviouscore(ifany)

example of
rapid pipe joint

Arrangement of worksite
presence of underground water (including artesian) most sites
rain, snow, snow melting
capacity of water release

design of excavation works

demarcation of excavation limits
building contour
slopes,
l
b
berms,
safety
f t zones
access, storage, equipment
dewatering system

defining excavation stages

stairs trepte
technological processes & equipment

Arrangement of worksite (2)

design of excavation works
dewatering
g system
y
sizing every stage
mounting & dismantling
spare pumps, pipes & other parts

necessary utilities
water
electricity
compresses air
technological
h l i l steam
communication (cable phones, radio)

existing utilities
existing structures