t

I
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!
!
!
!
t
I

t
!

I
I

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I

NIJMB ER

'l' FLUoR
P

PIIASE

IIl

LESSON 9

PI]HPS AND TURBINES

IP INC

TRAIIIINC

PAGE

)r lluaLs

oATE Rev.

A.

1/80

centrifugal

1- Horizontal
2. VerticaL
3. In-1ine
B.

Rotary
I23-

C.

?ump

cam

scre!,

Reciprocating

1.
23Ii.

Gear

Piston
Plunger (simplex and Duplex)
Diaphragm

Drivers

A. Electric motor
B. Turblne (steam, gas, oit)
lII-

Pump

Location Consideratj-ons

A-

Close

12-

to source,

available and size of

pump

under pipeway
Adjacent to vessel

a3.

space

Trenches may be requj-red

In tank area - outside diked area

ab.
c.

crouping of purl{)s may be requi.red

Avoid direct runs from tank to pump suction
Check tank settlement - affects suction piping

clearances

1.2'-6"

around pump (ninimum $aIklray)

maintained by rnanual equipnent

Ffexibifity
Important factor - can affect pu,np location and vessel orientation
P3C-1-013

NUI{BER

'l'eLuon

PHASE III
PUI'IPS AND TIJRB]NES

PIPING
TRAINING

-I

LESSOI

PlcE

' 2

Rev- 1/80

DATE]

MANUALS

_r

I
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I

-I
-I

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t!
!
I

2.
3.
4.

Do not pocket lines - step continuouslY dollrl to punP

Temporary start-up strainers required
Reducers at pump nozzle - refer to Fluor standard
I,lhen source

foundation
5.

is

Lon, PiPing can determine elevation

check this in your studY.

of

punp

supporting suction line6

abB.

Top suction - normallY from overhead

End and side suction - from grade or from Pump founalation

Discharge piping
1

Tl'pes: top, side

Nozzle normally smaller than suction Piping

valve required to Prevent backflor,, on centrifugal

not mandatory on positive disPlacement prrftps -

2-

Check

3.

Line support
From grade, pipe\ray, pipeway

struts,

and

Pumps

possibly separate

supports
4-

Side discharge - requires more sPacePumP study before locating PumP -

5.

vertlcal purnps _ orient discharge to most suitabte and econonical focation

on sump tlpe, verify that sump is at Proper depth to
accePt

6.

Verify requirements during

pumps

Ir-1ine

pumps

pr.rmps caD be supPorted from piPing; heavy

concrete
foundation
from

Liqht veight
7-

Reciprocating

Pumps

pumps

Keep discharge pj.ping close

P3C-1-013

to grade,

may require hold-dovns

I
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I

NUMBER

trLUOR

PHASE lII
PI,I{PS AND IIJRBINES

-:rrNG

LES5ON 9

pAcE 3 of 3
OAIE Rev- 1/80

.:N!ALS

rurbine Pir,iho
A.

steam

inlet -

checking freezing conditions

1. Piping should come from !9P of suPply

Possible2- val.ves located Per Fluor standard
3. Proper suPPorts Provided?
4. Bootleg Provided for condensate?
B.

header

for driest

steam

Steafi er<haust

1. Line to toP of header

2- Line(s) stress checked
i. cfru"i alrain - from e:,haust or casing? verify this fron turbine
outline

P3C-

t"'013

P34- / -o/9

s4 I

Pumps and Turblnes

?.frrt

))
.ld-tt,

t'/i.

d'J t1
{

3
a

{
9
e
o

s(r\

c
s

ls

tE1

vl

r':\

P./@B
Sfabrhzer bo+foms PumPz

Courtdy
FiBuro 1-'1. Horizontal conlrllugal pumpg shown on llow dlagram
Constsuctors, lnc.

ol FIuo'

Enolne6r3 and

PsC-/-O/'

sH, 5

Process Piping Deslgn

t; I IE
: l=
l5

:i

lr
I t: li
t-

li

t
rlr

l=

It

!li

PJ

s ta t=

;E !g;;

t;

-E =:

l6
IE

.t

;.E
Ei
r i;
:; i !l

t-

tl

d1

t- Ir

!i= 3-ie
FeE;EEii

t- -

!EE3:iF5
:.'!:=
-:

EEsE!iEE=

_P,q

!
C

Effi1j
#

!s
.:
o

5:

!:
tr

oj
o

3i

;.

o-

--

:le

N o,

t-

_t_tI

ll

'\

@I

Er

Ei

t
I

-9

Ljf._l-o/Z
iEv!
-

-*

J1r:c

ry'J

6
I
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,.:..
: .--

lr r
I L.J

I r-1

( Lr
I r,a

o-

l*u9

Irr

o_

1ur
[rE

z
J
z

Lfil

ti

i-.
sii

_or!2 !

EG
u :HEs_! q !,

:s
sEsiP'Ii'" i:r
i.': iui':i

! : i"r i : I : :,i .' ; J .' i 9 i :r

:Jri
Y i ! i ] ! ; 3 i 'i : S E :- :t

a
.:

J1

Ele i:

ilr;:'

iii::i:::::lEtE
1?1?:1::::::i 5r

i::I?:::i::::1el

sl
uil
0-l
BI >t
E t 6l
rll f,l .,JFE:
ol

iisi

ol
II

ilJI

{fi'.....r.,.1$ -l <l
\9
!p L!!ceee!!

al

(o

EE.,Ei

(91

cee

i. d"ir. rr:= :::

.r.
rir :Flnt,t.++
litl
I

trl

;t Ex

{tl z

zl
6l

-t

i:

s r$
a
\
\

$i

;l

!i

is
!:
(i

xI

3r

*.t
{-il

sE

zn

.t

qa

iz

'tc'.I

.l

tSO136

:l

lt
II

Ia

sq

9I

l!r

ti;,t,

i2 I

- IE

l:

V)

9i a
dl
3

:l
il

Et

{,i

--.Ii

--ii

ti

:
I

L---J

l'- i

.i,

,Na

i---i---EI

{l

P31-

a/3

Process Plpins Dslgn

Figure 1-32.

Elllot comPsny'
c,osg seaton, Type vR turdlne Courtesy of

r'r

;!,

jl

li'- .-

t4:
g

r'.--'

Turbino. Courtesy ol Elliott Company'

-.!re 1.33.

Should the oPerating PumJ'

l! I an rmDulse line opens the control valve' supplyi:: sream io the turbine immediately withthistype
low
..a'r::siallation. steam traps are supplied at every
collect any
I}ri]lt in lhe inlet system to immedi:rtely
c.:riensate \!hich maY form'
steam
i I rr bolh manual and dutomatic starl_up' ca'int
1.,.. 'f',r-fO be provided to keep the turbine
a(
Iter of condensate. These can be inltalled either
provided or
il. *'ing . to" poinL rI a connection is into
the out_
,oioine 'f the ccting drain5
'"" ",,Lt.L

vertical
lt syslem. The. must be a trap before anY
condnsate
where
rise which *ould form a pocket
would collect.

lnlet BY'Pass

All automatic start_up turbines need a l" globc

valre Mdn!
bodv valve to b)'pass lhe control

warm"up b)_PdS
operating companies insist on the
even with manual start_uP.

7s4-/-d/3
sH.g

P,ocss Piping Oesign

General Specificalions
Manhum initialpr63ur. (psr8) . . . ... .
M.rimum initiEr t mpe6tu.. (.F). . .. . .
yarimum cxh.ust pr.siur.s (p6i8) .. .. .

sp..d r.ns! (rpm)...

...

Nlmb.rotstrs.s(impulseVpe).......
Numb. ol.o$s ol rorating btades. . . . .

(in.)..........
Lh.ust slzc (in.)........

lnletsizes

l.l.t

lodtion (facing Sovemo.)........

Erhaust location (1. H. Siandard). .

Centedin heisht (in.). . . .

.. ..

7@

704

750

750

vrc.l25
800-7000

8CO-5760

lg

2?

700
750

ac05o00

750
250
800.7350

t3

2,3&4

2 3,4 &6

2,3,4 &6

.ight

riSht

.ight

2,3,4&6
ight

10

2,3,4

&6

rlght
L2
R. H.

Approrim.tc r..g. oicapacities (hp)- . . .

Approrim.tc shlppln8 welght (b.). - . .. .

700
750
375
4oo.7350

700

t7

opt'o.al

22

R. H. optaonal

\7

ro 14oo

to 25Oo

to 3500

ro 3000

17
to 30OO

r275

2050

26oO

2300

2300

S.. Butr.rin H29ror ayRH.nd AyiHH d.r.it:

sr All.rin tt32 ror AYR d.r.it'

Approximate Dimensions
(in lnches)

t2,/"

45t/s

t2Y2

5tt/,

12Yz

t/a

r2Y2

l6'rl

555h

t2j/2
t2t/2

t6Y.

5t

55./.

l6t/.

19%

Figure

1.35

7
at/z

22

\at/.

12

t7

ra.t

'ilill"?'lilil,lli'llll,TioYR.(''i'

l4
l7

161/,

't7
aYiH md aYRaH
din'|'o

App.o>imat6 drmsnsions, othor YR turblnes. Courisy of Elliot Company.

('

n'.n'|'o

NUI,{88 R

FUJOR

PIIASE

PIPIXG

III

PI'T{PS AND TURBINES

LESSON 9

TRAINIHG

pAG 1 of

rur{uALs

DATE Rev. 1/80

SEOUENCE FOR RECEIVINC CERTIFIED DI}IE}ISIONAL OUILINE

1.

Process engineer 6ends punp calculation sheet to the pump mechanical

engineer- This shouLd be done shortly after process flov diagrarns are

completed. This calculation sheet contains the operating conditions for

one particular 6ervj.ce. the process engi.neer may aLso request punp tlpe
if he has a preference.

2.

llechalical engineer uormalLy determines pump tipe ba6ed on calculation

sheet information- He fiUs in the I'Pump specification Sheet-rr He will
only fill in information noted as "to be corpleted by purchaser."

3.

ltechanical engineer then selects possible vendorE based on avaifable

catalog information.

4.

l.techanical engineer fills i.u "pump 1i6t" (6ee attached sheet)- this
gives Piping very prelj.minary information thich can be used for plot
development or possi-ble p!..ulP 6tudy work- the puilp list refers to an
l,l-E-D- drawing nunber- This drawing (see attached 6heet) provides a

visual picture of

proposed pump,

5. llechanical engineering

then goes ortt "Reque6t for Quote" to several

Each vendor fj.11s in their portj"on of the Punp specification
sheet. They give Fluor a price, pump modeL, and size r,rhich they offer
for that particular service. The vendors send the specification sheets
and quote sheets to Fluor for consideration-

vendors-

6.

tlechanj.cal engineer $il1 seoal revised information to Piping if vendor's

recomme[dation significantly inpacts us- ltore accurate infonnation from
veardor I s catalog is noll available -

7. llechanical engineering

places order to the selected venalor.

six to eight lreeks later Fluor recej.ves a C-D.o.

8.

Approximately

c-D-o. is "in-house," our Vendor Data Control croup eilI send ?iping
di6ciplines a reference copy- c-D.O- is then routed for 6quad
check- Piping wonrt normally be included on the routing of the squad
check- However, ee {ifl squad check our reference copy and any questions
or problems ve have can be dj.scussed with the mechanical engineer- He
lhen can include our corunenta !,/ith his when he formal"ly squad checks the
c.D.o. Piping and other disciplines wiLl then receive a copy of 'Isquad

t,Ihen

and other

check conulents" which

is

traEsmitted back to vendor.

P3C-1-014

I
I
I
I
I

)1

//-/r'/

//t/r1)</4L/ /

F E5/At/2

SPECIFICATIOII SHEET

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

!a '^': E..D_
io

.a -,r

I llta

No.llorors rEa,D
iurrrNrs

rEoD

GIETA NO.

#srrr

exo rvrt

llrr,u
ut GPn d fi, Nor-urEo
sucr.

Yr.
tr3.

rff$-

0,
rrrss- d rT, rsla-olfr.8
Ntsti^, n
7I, s.!-Ca-

tslc

n^x.-r

lEffom^Nca

oaEialrNc coNolrloNs, E^ctl

rED

fr

CONIIIUCIION

cEMErtN! . O rool O arlcrtr EYlrr' {Ilto

orxrrL ErrD, Trr. volurl osar EDr Elorrlus.r

CASE{loUxI' E

;6sm,

.oNNrcr, trvrNt tror lx Bc G!

urrElrEr Dl^.t or ED--nouxr: olrflvrEx.ros ooYtrriuNa

l.^

Ncs.llrE: Dr Dr^r
Lr.r!E. tr flNG o[ D rtooD Oort

Elnrr.
El

tu{rr c

rHrusr

$/rrr craito-

,{lsr tr.trNoEr tr rrls$rt

cou.lrxc, trnrr _='=oxv& $^tF r rD .Y, o rfit ,'rfr o Drlwr

racrlNc,

Er^ooat

ntr

o rurct

sEr

trr fr r nrr

,*.cH- sE^L El^4'r

'.ODrr

suirrlxrlNcr
mr

o rac(Nc coolrN(i lNrEcrox rro'a trior tc?N ot5lc

oss..otutll{o o
osa^L llrrslt ,l'E trax+oc.s.
flcaro urtrxer sar, frustr fr,urD--=-ii

aroo.o-

!l*r rlru*;lD or".. o.o'J4

sH^rr, ElorEH El ErctosEo

votrvPHlsvcYcrEs

I.n
avB!

rlsE,

a-

loaftD lotor

vss

lr

ts

HTR.|TE|4 NO.
uNtEss

oft[rwlsl

NorEo

orcrerpuceir.r ro, rroroi rso

r

TUlilNEturcH^sEo

^Jrultro

* /,t7rcrE/AA// //e145

7o

aEs/c,t./1=F

FL].-OR

!:: a c aATlaN 5cEEI

GENERAT PURPOSE STEAM TURBINE

NorE:

:eY x^NF^fiuREi

o lN.'cAi.s

...14

oR,vE N

Ear'rE':
NORI{AL STEA,M CONOITIONS

Lo oPEN I o. cLos.u

ttErn

coN DtrLoNs

UNoRM^LExHAusrT

PERAT!FE

t] POTENTIAL MAX.
r nrP__-_]s r RrflcAL
n
E1I
oEs,cx rNLEr-Psr6-"F
HP

trl casr NG

**rno *wes...

NoRr,tAL

.".-i" -""e'

O RArEo o^ oB
O ect
ocu

as,NG

srece, 6z
rR,p v^LvE: O

scr-

ccv. rYPE, O

NEMA

C REMO-rE TRP S6NAL

. EASEPL^T C SOLEPLATE
i.I

C)

MooNr couP. HALF

LisuLArLoN

14

r,{o LUq

RAOIAL

BY

L) FOF ORTVEN MA.HNE

C rAPm sHAFr C srRA16nr

fl
(r

6.-d)

H,GH+REss.

clse-exl:lse

Ll NozzLs
I IsHA ET
aoilNEcrlons

F F

hYoFo, LEr Ll

r-

cov

RESPoNSE

ro

AcE O PARrs
(l DTSASSEMBLY aFrER -lEsr

AUx. EourP.

"to"ra-sultesso.r

SYSIEM

n PFEssuR LUE a-) Fr c olLEo a :',rL

florHER
O coRRosox-REesrNr

a rAc<r o *NTNEt
slr

(?

or^-

SEPARAT-E

eEAnrNcs

E PLUS(1o.)
ctsANcER
HANo sFEEo

6EAR

Ro{ EREENTRY tlwHEEL

TNTERM'TI

ctAss-

EXTNOEO FOR

tor fl3

fTlr

O MEcr il HYoF
O
'NTE6RAL
caRBoN
C tAFYRTNa! (rst
rnrEnsraGE aL^ND sEALs' O

C NINTERZAlION
a-\ oRrvEN eourP, aHRUST
,ERVICE' ..' CONfINUOUS

O ".* O 'roRrz suPPoRa't.liL

sFlrr: O vERr O HoRrz [l No srAG*--

'coNNECr

HASER!

s,srEM

I
I

X /.t/PoPnA/f /7e/tr's

fa *S,t,t/?E

SPECIFICATION SHEET

RECIPRt)CATING PUUPS

t
I
I

*o.

".oo.

1' Lra,ENo

vrscos.6

rroDEl-.rro.

Fr,/lrN. 3 oEs.G PM;_Fr.^IN,

voL.EFF.-rlPsHR

P.r._

coRR/ERO6 CAUSED

-r4rex ro.
r. v^.vr, r.,M;ra. oI'!r"...,PLul

cPlssu

^cfLac

9Y_

coNs!

uNtrs)

MPrtoN_

LB/BPll]R

coNsTiuc floN
LIQUID END
LINER FAST. EY (TOLLWR
PrsTor] ofi PLrrN6R

'

PISTON PACXING OR RI{GS

va Lv Es:__--___-_-___Jrrx6:

sE^ii

Eqi

LL; EV co.

nELo Ey: tilpEREo .rr: rHREAosi

Ea

SIZE A NO.PER CORNER1 SUCT.

R: sucT.

l3

ROO

so,rN.

P^CKIIlG TYPE:

J^Ct(ErS: IYES)(NO) TUBRTCATTON REOUTFED lYEsr tNOt

LACGED 6Y XFR. IYES)INOI

PISION ROD: (ONE OR TWO PIECEI; PAC'(ING TYPEI

vALvs, rlArN. rYPE: (oE. PrsroN.

(oEe)lPrsroN)(ior^RY)1N(

ri

DR'vEF-Ls.lcouPLrNc

BE^Rrxc

rPva.Fn^ME u{rrs, I

LirB.

CPLC.GUARD (YES)ItrO) STEA GOVEFNOR (YES)(NO)

PEFF EST (YES)(!O)i HYDROTST (YES)(NOli

saoP r{sPEcrroN tYsltNol
nYoRorEsr PaEss,i Lraur

+.-="^".r

.n/72e7/!7

/77A'7

-,- ,243/c 1-/4-R

SPECIFICATION IHEET

sY-c8K.O_

ROTARY PUUPS

I
I
I
I
I
t
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

_^Rn^

cE{EXT iHORTZ|GT
CE

CONDITIONS

RTTED PIJMF

RFM-lll^X..*-:

coRR./EFos. c^usEo BY

suPPoRr

tyPE-sPLrr

ROTOR OR CEAR

o{oRrz.llvERl.l

OVEiflI]N6 IYESI

Rqr^troN tAcrxc

PUMP

(NO)

cpLG. {cv/, tccwl

iELTEF VALVES fiNT.l lEXT.l

RECOl,lrr.PRSS.SETTrflc-

FACE-

SEAL

(BALLTSLEEVEIIOIL.CREASI(INT.EXTI TYPE
ru

coNNcrloxs

^,-r-,"..i

rerroi.,n

"

i^.",r,ut,""t,

.r".

G^SK.-

UOTOR SUPPLTED SY

sTUFF.Eox (YeS)(NOt

FEiFORTANCE CIJRVI

our

iixt onr*rrc__

RO..rESr IYESIINO),

WTTITESS

iYES)(NOl

I, IIYDRO.TEST.PRE5S.+RErARr,,*-

Y*rs

CLIEN T

PI,UP DIME'ISION GUIDE

R"P LIST

LOCATION

CONTRACf

HC,-

]T

UN

AR:A

,t-P--<LiBl t I

a/.

Eno

r^

ovER^LL OrHErlsrons

/ro? 4t

r- M,E.O.

nTce

1.oa

O!VG. 46-1150

il to-M

T---1
HO

PUMPSIZE /S L'5T60 BY OISCHARG NOZZLE SIZ ANA IMPELLR

otAMEfER. tF RCUtRED StZE rS NOT L'S;'ED, USE OAiA FOR NEXf
LARE ER SlZ.
2.OIMENS/OeS SHOW,^,/ AR6 MAXTMUM FOA EACH StZ! L/SIEO, 8AS0
ON EAUlprENr FROM zEGUL'AR D1lutESitC aR FARETGN SOURCS'
3.THIS AATA IS FCR PRELII'IIIIARY USE,ONLY.
I- RfR fO PUMP LIST FCR NOZZLE ORINTATrcN, AIJXILIARY PIPING

E-

i,.

'l'FLUoR

NUMBER

PHASE III
PUTPS AND TLRBINES

PIPING

LES5ON 9

PAGE 1 of 1
DATE Rev- 1/80

TRAINING

tIaIUALS

STE?S TO ACCOMPLTSH PU}IP EQUIPTEIIT STUDY

flo\r

diagram from |master."

1-

updale your

2.

Cohpare pump

3.

calculate elevations-

outline to flo\, diagra-"( and spec sheet to surface discrePancies

centrifugal sho'"'n on F.D. and spec sheet ca116 for in-Iine.

such as horizontal

ab.

ilozzlesPump anchor.

out your flexjbiLj.ty bet\ieen pumps on 6cratch

determine your pump spacing.

v,lork

Paper. This could

a.

"Best guess" elevations to and from other equiPment-

b-

Calcutate verticat grovth. From force nomograph detennine bend leg

required horizontally betseen pumps- Total vertical force on nozzle
aLso incfudes dead $eight- If lhis creates a Problem. a spring
hanger $riII relieve dead veight-

,
c.

DetermiDe if vertical Ieg is adequate to absorb one-half

(if you branch from the center in hot/cold situation) of
of your horizontal Ieg betveen punps.

spacing

based on flexlbj.fity.
and maj.ntenance passagewaya -

is set

verify this'

or

one_quarter

tbe growth

spacing \'ri11

5-

Nolg ptunp

6.

study piping transposition and pj.ck pipeway bay that $orks out best lrith
suction source- If bay is empty of other at grade piPing, center your
predetermiDed pump spacing in thal bay.

'1

8.

satisfy operation

actual study- You nust be accurate and draw to scale- However.

don't \rorry about drafting qualit)-, linework, or lettering- rrRough and
di-rty" but legible and complete.

Comnence

If

discharge

line runs in pipel'ay,

pipeq,ay designer uhen he berths

design routing so as not

lines.

P3C-1-015A

to restrict

*"t

|lt

sEI$
\qF-'+

a\J

a{l

RsS

g =it

(:r

tt

r-I

'NllN

\RR

',Oil

vi

(rl

?a

__-t----

t,

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's{/Pr

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NUMBE R

'l'ruuon

PHASE lII
!TRTICAL VESSEIS

PIPING

LESSON 8

PAGE 1 of I
DATE Rev- 1/80

TRAINING
MANUALS

STEPS TO ACCO}IPLISH VERIICAI VESSEL ORIENTATION

1.

Update your

2.

Conpare

flo!, diagran from

master.r'

vessel outline to fLo"r diagram'

a.

Vessel I.D.

b.

Tangent-to-tangent dihension.

c.

I.linjmurn

d.

Nunber

e.

N.L.L.

skj.rt height.

of

Passes.

_ f. size, rating, and quantiiy of nozzles'

3- Calculate elevations.
a. Bottom tangent line based on minimun height on flo\,t diagran'

4.

b-

Process nozzles based on vessel outllne-

c-

verify or set insinuient nozzles based on flot,

standard dral,j.ng-

Determine vhich items require platforms

a.
b.
c.
5.

study Piping transPosition-

6.

Draw several

g.
-'

or ladder

access'

Establish elevation ranges for platforns that nust be'

Draw a rough freehand elevation of vessel indicating platforms that
are definilelY required.
just
Nov add laalders and any aalditionaf platforms that may be required
uays
until
You
to get uP the vessef. Do this a couple of different
havi min_i-'nized the quantitY of platfoms and/or Ladders'

?.

diagram and instrument

oullines of vessel to scale on scratch paPer'

on these outlines do rouoh sketches of piping, nozzle orientations' ladder
and platform arrangemen! Eo6llne ana ihingi sketches for optimun design
and Piping fogic- oo will always be due north'
coMence actual sludY. You must be accurate and drau to scale' However'
;;;ia worry about dr;fting quality, linesork, or Letteriog' "Rough and
dirty," but l-eg1ble and comPlete.
P3C-1-001A

T
T

' 'i

li.',,t x

L
HORIZONTAL VESSEL

"'"'"6dSi6ruEn'
-'."

-.!.;,I::l

'

t.:t

.',.

n EsPorvst

etllrY

" 1. vESSEt-rloimtoru
, A. COORDINATES
2. ORIENTATION OF
A. PIPING EOUIPMENT

CONNECTIONS

B. INSTRUMENT CONNECTIONS
C. MANHOLE & VENT

'D.

PLATFORM HEIGHTT&rSIZE

',,

il

E. LADDER & CAGE

F. ANCHORED SUPPORT

ONE END

G. ROUTING & SUPPORT OF PIPING TO

AND FROM EOUIPMENT NOZZLES
PHASE 3#7-2 4-7A
:

LS'
A. INLET

B. OUTLET

c.

L.

LEVEL INSTRUITENT

tT.

MANHOLE

-a

REBOILER C0i':NECTION
' ,!1.
i-r..

CONOEI{SATE

D. BRAIN OR DRAIY-0ff

P.

PRESSURE CBNNECTION

E.

R.

REFLUX

F.

FEED

S.

STEAI'I 0R SAIiIPLE

G.

LEVEL GA GE OR 6AGE GLASS

T.

THERMO CONNECTION

comnrcnoil

-l

H.

HANDHOLE ,.

PUMF OUT

VAPOR ()R VENT

W. REIIIF VALVE
connrcttoll

K.

-Syutgots "8"

Y.

ANo

NOZZLES.

s7-4-5o81 to-73'

.'K''

ARE USED SOIiIETIMES FOR SPECIAL

pgAs

fr. #VA

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:,

ENGINEE:RING DESIGN

GU,IDE 2-4.1.9

.-l
;- j.l

,
1,,

qt

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r.t;'

2#29

4-7A

22

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t).in

VESSEI,

A.

ORIENTAT]ON

".:

OBJEC?IVE

objective of this 6es6ion is to help you becdtre nore.failj-ILar rrith

the Fluor approach to vegsel orientation, baseal ou Fluor

The

Drarrings.

Thelmaterial and. instruction -you ret-dii'i -'ffo[ this lddi;i6;,. iliolila"enable

you to:

. ,1:

rj xho!, .ho!i ,te . aSsirilate.:t}te.

inforuttioD to start

.a

-vesbel

,iiriintation

:,

2.
B.

?roperly piepare\orientdtirin "iturlies of both vertii:al

vessels.

dnal

:.''

horizontaL

'

TBAY TYPES
BIIBBI,E;CAP TRAY
I

ADV}NTAGES

1-

Very

DISADVAI{TAGES

efficient

1.

not be installed Leve}

" )r: r'xr f,j' _,iCorrosion not .a factor

l{eed
3-

2.:

Cast iron caps occasionally

break

.-:.1}1,]^

:_.:

Expensive

4.

r:1,

ounting bolts rust

VAIVE TRAY

efficient of al1 tlpes

1.

l,Iost

2-

IDeapen6ive and Iighhreight

3.

Need

4.

Corrosion not a factor

1-

None

not be in6tal1ed ]evel

SIEVEJ TRAY

1.

Inexpensive

I.

l,lust be instafled level

2-

Lightweight

2.

corrosion a factor

3-

cood

for heavl' liquids

P38-1-013

l'.'
NUMEER

PHASE,

III

,j,Hofr?6ffi,ffi6sELs
iirl i MAlqlLs

c.

D.

REI{OVABLE TRAYS

vessels ln heavy (dirty) . service or vith a high corro6ion rate :of,ten have
tray6 that are built in sectLons- Ihese tray6 caE be dismaltled aDil
irejlovejFlhtgg[jh.tl]e 4v.es6e1 [6trho].es for lleaDing, repairing or- replacing.
i.t;.,r.i;ir,- lr,rr, '' r.a
FIXED TRAYS (Nonremovabl-e )

:.1,-. .,Vesse16

have

E.
E

fl

can be steamed.but

problem usually

in place.

JRIEF.PROCESS DESCRIfIIOT{ OF- A JTPICaL DISTILLATI0}I

.OR

'FRACIIONATIoN COLU}rN

i6 6r.rpplied by heating the crude feeal 6tock ilr a

furnace.l*$ilprehgated crude (f,eed) is charged ilto the'bottoD of the
fractionatloD colunn onto the feed tray at it6 boiltng poi-nt,.at a pres6ure
sughtly above atmo6pheric- This is called the I'f1ash zone.I In the
fLash zolre, the feeal separates into liquial and vapors. the vaPors rise
up under the bubble-caps and bubble out through the reflux liquld on each
tray- The vapors rise through the col.uilrl contacting the doi|trflowing
reflux strean at each tray; as a result the tightest material"s concentrate at th..top of the colunn (overhead vaPor). The vapor out the top
of the colt n'i6 condeDsed into liquid by the o-H- conden6ar. The liquid
is then acctrmulated ilr the o.H- reflux accunulator-. Part of the liquid
is retumed to the column'6 top tray as reflux- The reflux flow6 across
each trgy.ro-nititq:xray dowa. the cofulul by say of dosncoBers and btrbble_capsrhe poiii6ii 6i ule ioLrann bet$een the overhead and the feed i6 called ttte
t'rectifying lection-'r Thi6 is $here the cou.ntercurrettt flolt of reflura
and vapor reach an. equili.brium- This means the liquid head on each traY
i6 just enouqh to allow the vapor to rise through the liquid aod the
.ve1ocity,.:isr,:iust fast enough to allolt sone of the liquid to droP
vapor
.
through the same opening ilr the tray. The heavier materials concentrate
at the bottom of the column (bottoms ) and the intermediate materials
in-bet\reen- De6ired "6ide cut" products are \rj.thdralrn at aPpropriate
1eve1s (drar,-off6). The portion of the column betreen the feed and the
botton tray is calLed the "Etrippihq section.t' This is \,rhere additional
light haterial-. are relea6ed a6 vapor (6tripped) from the beavier liquid
portion of the feed by the addition of stripping stean ioto the Isurge
section'! of the column- The portion of the feed that reaches the bottom
of the vessel is the residue or bottoms liquid.
Heat for.vapor.lzation

fhe top tray must be continuously fed lrith coollDg reflux liqui.d or the
trays vould soon become dry- Reflux must be increased as side cuts are
dlra\am off at several 1eve1s- Thd inateriaL on each tray is at its boiling
point and the dollnflowing material is constantly changinq composition as
it picks up heat from the rising vapors. The vapor is always hotter than
.the liquid on the tray from shich it is rising. The vapors are coDstantly
being cooled by the cooler reflux on each tray. The vapor on the top
tray is condensed into liquid. The fiquid that is not returned to the
colum[ as ref].ux is one finaL productP!B;!--P13

I
I
r"
I
I

'l'rr-uoe
."

''yn

ri.i
*,',l,,,,

nrrrxc' .l;1j
TR^rilrNG L"|'
rUXUlt-S

'|

;i'" 3,, r ,
DATE -J. Revl LI

to the

rl.-r:_-1.,.'1

r,:_ i,

]oesroir

r;.soIIPaE

1.
2-

4.
vessel

5.

or Drun Height

67-

:.

Process Nozzle Elevations

NonBal

liquid Levef

and other

^|::.

Instrument NozzIe Elevations

10-

Custolner Requirements

G.

I'IANHOI,XS

custoher via ?roject l{alager,

Desiqn coordinator aod
Pipiug Desiqm supervisor*

Ilanholes are generally 18" nominal size except for columns with removable
trays, in uhiih a savings may be realized by iltcieasing the size of the
manloIe to permit ].arge tray sectioD6 to be removed. In those cases
generalLy only one laiger rnanhole i5 Provided, preferably belolt the
bottom tray.

H.

TADDERS

1-

}ND PIATFORIIS

Platforms on horizontal vessels anal top platforms (above head) on

vertical vessels should be square or rectangular.

P3B-1-013

@
'
.- The
rhe 6ize
si
valves anal equlPnent. anal for c!'ossovdrs biti6iit lidildis.-"
t1,""" pf"if"i1trs.shoultl be kept to a minimre- .The viaU.r (z':s"
"t
io.iioo"1si-a."a) is usually onty e@ughtqir;eroit oPening of t}re

or to provl<le a-niai.ntrm of-18"incba;6 clearance betveen

oi"
"o.r".
""ot
.na pipi"g such as level controller, gage glasslrevel
r,.ndiiir
extend underneath
qee.+ not eatentl
saflty.:rilves - PlatforniDg need
s{itch
slritch or safety-valves.
valves and equiphent to Dake then accessible.

...3.

-,1

plqtforus
pletforus
proj;ction of.rio'lzLes erteudin{'
t
exteuding thi6ughtirtoi
are abovt the.Diitfoi:m lever.

.j

mirst be such
.

-l!:.J1.i'4,".:
"
not be iupDo:'tedl from platforns unless abso' ila;it";;;;;";.y.-:,,rf it is fo-und necessary to 6uPport piping
i.o. i pl"tforrn, t'otify tfr" vessel GrouP. The vessel Designer
..qay-have to "be;f--trl,:' ahe platform st{rport-'brackets rto rtake the

added 1oad.

I.

HORIZOTIIAI VESSEL ORIENTATION

,cenerally, vessel

anal

nozzle orientation should be as follows:

be at the opposite end of vessel f'om tlle liquid and

1.
- rnlet should
outlets to prevent' i'short circuiting" of the floi''' They

".po.
shouLd also

be maximurn distance aPart-

boot should Ue a1 tUe opposiie; eaa of vessel

from inlet. There is les6 liquid turbulence at the outlet end'
They should also be maximum distance apart.

Leeel .instr\reetrts anal

2.

'

for the horizontal grouth due to ther&al eq>ansion, oneto

irrpport of the vess;l is anciored anil the other end i6 allo!'ed
qr'oi, ly
of a slide Plate and glotted holes at the opPo6ite
".y
should be taken of this vessel growth by making
Juppo.ll e'av.ntage
-For
exaEple, by anchoring the vessel at the support
it'vork for you,,.ur""t thu iipevay and tetting ihe vessel gros al'ray from-the Pipe\day'
the grovth oi'tt" ves".t i{i}l cance} out the grosth of a lioe from
the tipeway to the rmanchored end of the vessel.
a!'ay from the
4. The inlet is normally located on the end of the vessel
pipeway. This arraugement then locates the Ievel instruments next
. to- the- operating aisie for good accessiSility Per s?-5'1'1'
5- The setting of the suPPort Iegs on a horizontal_ vessel is normally
done by the computer tut sometires we stutly and orient -vessels
beiore'thi.s information is available to Piplng' A good "rule of
thutnb[ to follow is:

3.

To alLov

?3B-1-013

';,.

1.

r.

.l'
or che

-ca11y changing

6toring Iiquids and

gaae6

& !! vertical
the horizontal

t.L.2

uithout internal
fractionation

6ervice

the fraccatalyst (from a

the catalYBt for
1.1-

Flat

toD: For storage of non-volatile productg'

conical top3 for stoilge of loir volatility Pro'tuct-

B.ottom oDen

Flat Bottoo

Roof: For storage of volatile liquid6 '

or dones shich rise
Gas tlolders: These have flat bottoms an'l roof6
anE-EaII ulth the quautitY of ga6 6tored'

Flat

1.I.4

Bottom Floatinq

SOUE TSPES

OF STORAGE VESSELS

a series of fegs
6rPPorted
!P!9{9C, a spherical. shaped ves6elpresiurizea-bygases? or liquid and
around the "qo""ot, "'oi"f"o"tiias
gas ?38-1-013

,:','{;ii".riirjl+i.
vessel rxeixrentxc oEslcN GUIDE

''l/FiJoR

:'i

VESSEL,}IOUEIICLATI'RE

.i,t. r

DESIGN

driors

::

{r
.ijj.,;r

:;::;;:-;--,ri***..--:a

."

shape resenbleE a alroP of nercury resting on a flat surface,

!P!g!!:
anal has special t!,pe glpports. ilseat to contaih pres6urized liquids '

BuUet: A largr rroitzontai veasgl' c6ntiini.ng,p.ieaiurlzetl{ases, or

Uquid and

1.1.5

gas .

VESSEL AND IANK

PArrS. . . ,i

:.

I ,

. ..-.

1,.1.

:r:

,.

,,The,:cyrilalrlcal.pgrtion 9f a.yq96e1

,'

conicaL Head3 .Heaal foracd

c/.-

]L

Bpher:.

Heroispharical Head:

in the 6bape-of, a cone aEd having a

ffiAG-ra6;-?angent to tlr. cotre. rnal thelI.
n.t u";a r;i i#;i iliit;ii "i'iii4piiid ii"ri.a o"
ToricooicaL

.Ileail:

Heatl forEed

a shell-

skj-rt: Cyliniter BlJlilar to 6hcu, ihtch ls

used

for

BrPPdrtlDg

vertical

vessels.F

rL
'/

skirt Vent6: SDall circuf.r hole5 ln tbe skirt to preveDt collection

of alangerou6 gases rithfu thc 6klrt.
skirt Access openinq: Circular hole6 in the skirt to allos rorkman to
etc. tn6l& of. slirt;i."n;@;t
Base Plate: Flat plate relded to the botton of ve6seL Eupports and
b"JCq on the foundationanchor' BoIt chairs: . GuBBets .nat p1ate6 selded to ba6e plate and ekirt
a".h.r bolt attaciuentt.EilA;-Ei
lnchor Bolts: Bolts i-mbeatttetl in concrete foundation and boLted to
bolt chairs il;;r;E6r
sadalLes: steel supports for itorizontal vessels,

P3B-1-013

i,t,

'l'Fi-rffi-'
DESIGN

citidEs

-J
$

.i :l:

.,1

iEssElj

ENGTNEERING DESIGN GUIDE

NUIIBER

VESSEL IOI.IENCI.ATT'RE

2-1,1

PAGE 4

olTE

"{

._5-?6

irsiile of fractionatioD
Used

A Derforatea

,ressel

are",

tray

to prevent vsPor

dlstrilutlon
o! thc tray extend above the

whLch Provlde8 equal

Bl-sere

Iiquid

traY
of, the

v.ssel.'

to
cavLtatLon

fgrD
the

in

,a rtLre he6b pad helal Ln placc bettree! tito light

contaiue'l irr the vapor'
@i<ts - rtre oiet elisLaator iliiengages liquids
vapor or
srDDort icrli!:]r Gratirig or 66e othcr t!'Pc of sqrport $hlcb
a6 catalyst,
packi-ng
such
to('er
6ubp;;t
to
IIfi iE-carlpisr:through- U6ed
ra8chig rings, tc.
artd outside of
skirt Pircproofhq: BrLch or concr'te aPPIicdofiJi'Ide'
a
f
ire
event
the
in
'
;Ef.a 6Ee""rE-a"rage to 6kirt
'

''

1?tatfort6: -.!!'.tfottt bolteat to. 'nd sirpPorted by cl'ips o! the outalde

rcricf
a oanholc. aid
:fffifr;"et]'-c.a.Lirv bcltid justLeloi'
't
scrv''ce
n'r't
f,requ'at
a'ttch
'
;1r;; i;tiU.t'rai".e oi conacctiong
cagc6 bu1lt of structural
caqes: ItLurg-ttDe
- -'ita ladders with
t}e la'liler ' These
cuDbirrg
tlbeD
shap.s to Pravent a Dan ar t"ltias
of the vessel'
out6jde
the
on
clipfott"a to anat supported by
"..
tJle
Platforlns'
Ir6eal fo! aecesE uP arA alown to
to the
column Davitr a hoi-stiDg &vice attached by heans of a socket
used eor haniliaq relLer valves' bubble
trays, bubble caPs, etc-

Lealtler6 and

iffiifitii..,i.I;;-;il;

1.1.6

ASI'E BOII.ER }ND PRESSI'RE VESSEL

CODE

vc66e1s
Standard rules for the construction of, boilers and pressure
loaterial
desigEr
forDulas'
establL6heE
divtated into sections shich
Eelection,allosablestressvalueE,rnetho'IsofcoDstructio['itrsPeciioo ulra norra."t."ctive examj.nation procedures for preasure contaliment
vesselP3B-1-013

'{c1:r.,1i..1 I j

supDo;t

vertlcal

Leqs:

LcgE Bade

of

plpe.

or structural

EbaPes,.used

to

slqrPort

.vesEel6.

bol-tirlg

used

ffar,g.
Itarlhole Hlnoea or Davlt6: Itlnqe6 or davit8 attached .lo-.tlaDhoie
'fron
t-he
i.nd cover platc which alLoss cover plate to be dtl.urld-dsldc
rianhole opeEilg.

rnsuletioD Rinqs. , Ri.ngs nade of flat bar or angte, .attached aroutrd

of verticar vessels and siiaccd-aPProaiuatery
EF;iiEilc-ifiroferenEe)
'apart;
et4port-the eelqht of the veeaef iD6uletloa'
uee<t
io
l2-; -[-!7t'
vacuum Stiff.ner Rilqs! t{irgs Dade of flat bar or plate, or structural
circunference of ttt vessel. rhe6e rlngs are
"h-;E;;Ii;a=;ffi-the
insialled on ves6els operatlng untler e8ternal Pressure i! order to
prevent collapse of thl vesseL. vacute stLffener rings are also

uti.Liz.d a6 LDEulation 6ulrPort ringE.

FractioBatinq Travs: Circular flat plates bolted to the 6heII ihside
;f-i.."i$ftio-[EluDns - useal to obtain vapor liquid contact lrhich
results in fractlonation-

flat plate6 bolted to 5hel1 and trays, inside

6?-?ilfif6.,ation coiunns- used for directing process liquld and to

Dortacorler6: Rectanqular

prevent blPassing of vaPor.

P38-t-013

NUMEER

'l'puuon

P}IASE

.,tlflIqil,.r

III

HoRrzmEGSsELs

,Tf,AlNlNG,1,

IIA}IDOUT

I,IANUAI.s

LE55ON

piee

5of5

OATE

Rev. 1/80

= Vessel diameter, "L" = vessel lenqth tan- to tan.,

'rD!
rrs( = Distance from tanto centerline of support Ieg
Normal shefl thickness vessel6

s=L/s

Thin shel1 thiclxless vessels

Note: In this case the vessel
s = Dl4
head acts as a sti.ffelrer

to the shell

6.
J.

Vent is located at the opposite end of the vessel from the steam out
and a maximum tlistance a$aY-

SKTBT TCIGITI AND HEIGIIT OF TIORIZOMAL VESSELS

Skirt height and height of horizontal vessels are sho'rn ou the flo!,
diagrah- The Process Englneer determines irhat the skirt height rill be
by the N-P-S-H- (Net Positive suction Head) - This is the liquid head
required to keep t}1e punp suction pri,iled- Ptutp suction lines fron the
vessel bottoms shall have a 8.0.?- minimun of 8'-0" above H-P-F-S- If
this requirement is not met, there are three aLternatives:

l.

The vessel or skirt

rooro requirement-

height can be increased to meet the 8'-0u

head

vith a lot suction line.

Take the pump out of the punp roe and locate it near t}le base of the
vessel out of the operating aisle.
Do Dot pocket pwlp 6uction Lines- The vessel or skirt height may have to
be increased to elimjrate a pocket condition-

23.

K.

Block the operating ai6le

RTACTORS AND AIVANCED DESIGN VESSELS

tleaq, \ra1l, vessels sith heni-spherical heads are a speciaf design challenge.
Careful consideration should be given to 1adder6, platforns, pipe supPorts,
etc. No velding to the shell- welding to the heads and skirt only.

P3B-1-013

'1.

ruuon

NIJMB

PIIASE ]II
HORIZOMAL VBSSEI,S

PIPING
TRAINING

Lrssot 7
PAGE 1
DATE Rev.

HANDOOT

I.IANUALS

t/

VESSEL ORIENTATION

A.

OBJECTIVE

objective of this session is to help you become rnore famlliar sith

the Fluor approach to vessel orientation, based or! Fluor Standard

The

Drawings.
The

haterial

you to:

1.

study.

vessels.

instruction you receive from thj.s session shoulal enable

to assimilate the information to start a vessel orientation

K!!oq hos

2- lroperly
B.

anal

prepare orientati.on studies of both vertical and horizontaL

TRAY TYPES

BIEBLE.CAP TRAY
ADVANIAGES

DI SADVANIAGES

1-

Very

efflcient

1-

Expensive

2.

Need

not be in6talled level

2-

Heavl' and bulky

corrosi.on not a factor

3.

cast iro[ caps occasionally

break
4-

ltounting bolts rust

1-

None

VA],VE TRAY

all

1.

uost efficient of

2-

Ine>q)ensive and lightr,,eight

3-

Need

4.

Corrosion nol a factor

tlpes

not be installed level

SIEVE TRAY

1.

Inexpensive

1.

tlust be install-ed leve1

2-

Lightweight

2.

corrosion a factor

3.

Good

for healy liquids

P3B-1-013

--

NUMBE R

'l'FLUoR

PHASE III
HORIZONTAI" VESSELS

PIPING

IRAINING

LESSON 7

PAGE 3
DATE Rev. 7/

HANDOT}T

IIANUALS

F.

INFORI.IATION REQUIRED TO START IESSEL ORIENTATION

*Prirary

source

to

the

Designer
INFORI'IATION

SOURCE

- Piping

Design super-visor
Board

1.

FLov Dlagrafis

2-

Job Specifications, Drafting

Instruction6 and standards

3.

?relirinary Job Informatiotr

- Project llanager, Desiqn

Flovsheet Transpositioo

- Piplnq Design Supewisor

- vessel Design supervisor or

or Roller

Room

vessel Drasing or vessel

coordunator or Piping Design

supervisor*

Piping Design supervisor*

Quote Dralring
6-

skirt

Height or Druin Height

Process Nozzle Elevatiotls

Nomal Liquid Levef and other

Iiquid

j.ping Design supervisor

anal Fluor Standards. Job Book*

- Floi,sheet*,

Process Engineer or

vessel Dra',ring (vertical)

- vessel Dralring* or Process Engineer

- Vessel Drat ing, Flow Diagram*
or

Levels

Process Engineer

9.

Instrlment Nozzle El,evations

- vessel Dra\.ring, ?rocess or

10.

Customer Requlrements

G.

}IANHOLES

Instrument Engineer, Instrument

standard Drarings*
custoher via Project l'lanager,
Design coordinator and
Piping Design supervisor*

I{anholes are generafly 18rr nominal size except for columns \rith removable
trays, in whiih a savings may be realized by increasing the size of the
manhole to permit larqe tray sections to be removed- In those cases
generally only one larger manhole is provided, preferably beloH the
bottom tray.
H.

I,ADDERS AND PLATFOR},IS

1-

Platforms on horizontal vessels and top platforms (above head)

vertical vessels should be square or rectangular.

P3B-1-013

on

VESSEL ENGINEERING DSIGN GUIDE

'l'ru.Pn

PAGE 1 of

DATE

DESIGN
GUIDES

1.1.I

lluMBER 2-1-1
5

g-76

GENERAI, VESSEL NO}IENCI,ATT'BE

Vessel: A contailrer for han'lling or cheDLcally changing

lIfrIE-li?@ses uithin a process Ey6ten'
liquid6
Storaqe Vessel enq q!9leSglgE' A container for storjng

Process

A"*-F;ffi

to

;-?;i1o"ijrgiEe

vertical vessel:

and

process svsteo'

A ves6el vhose longitudi_nal axiE

is in the vertical

poBitlon-

'
1.1.2

tlorizontal Vessel: A ve6ae1 uho6e longitudiral axis ls la the horizontal

position.
SOt{8

rr?Es of PRocEss vEssELs

FractionationcolulEl.Generalliaverticalve66elcontaillngtraYsor

''t txt!."ct_" frorn the process 6ystelr a certain

packing t hen in 6ervi(
requireal fraction Euch aa butane or Propane '

RefluxAccunulator:GenerallyahorizoEtalve66el'andt'ithoutiDterDaL
anal tranebltB back to a fractionation
"".tf,tri=--"*;i."-ioir""i"
:;i;; th" fraction which is Proce6sed by that colunm '

E"

ih service
Reactor: a vertLcal vessel contaitd'tg catalyst' tdhich
ttre tracchaDge6
i-iii6g"" the nolecular structure, 'nd thcrefore
tions in a Proces6 sYste$'
a
Redenerato!: A vertical vessel coDtalning used catalyst (fromfor
catalyst
itt-"".oi"" t"gt"ttttc6 (restoreg) the
iiid)fri"r,
reactorthe
re_use in
1.1.3

SOI{E TYPES OF SMRAGE TANITS

Top: For storage of non_volatil'e productE'

Flat Botto$ cooic.l Top: For ltorag of lotr' volatility productRoof: For storage of volatile liqui&'
dones whlch rise
Cas Holders: These have flat bottoms and roof6 or
;A-?;TIti-t}r the guantity of gas 6torcd'

Flat Botton

r-1,4

oDen

SOI.IE TYPES OF STORAGE IESSELS

sbheres: tr sDherical

#ffi=;.-.;;;;i,

by a series-of legs
preiiurized qases' or liquid and

shaped ves6e1 supPorted

*r'ilt'"o"t'in"

gas.

P3B-1-013

I
VESSEL ENGINEERI G DESIGII GUIDE

'l'ruron

VESSEL NO}'ENCLATI'88

DESICN

2-1-1
PAGE 4

NU|{BER

DAIE

cut0cs

5-76

FIat pLates bolted or lrelded to Lnside of fractionation

6hell belou dor,Dcomer of loeest tray- Used to Prcvent vapor
bypassing up through the alo$ncoDer.
Seal ?ans:
column

Distrilutor Tray: a perforated tray which provideE equal alistri.butLon

;i-iIqnIa ov.r the vea6el area- RLeers on th. tray ettenal abov the
Itqqtd Lev.l to perEit lr!63age of vaporE rislng uprrardTrav: A tray coqroscil of chimncy6 e8teldlng above th. Uquid
the tray pemlttirg pa66age of the vaPor6 upra.d- the tray
collectd aual r.movea afl liquLl product from a al,ccLfic Portion of the

chi-onev

ledI;f

vesselI

vortea Breaker: I alevice locateal

E6 IEIlon ceuerally coasL6ting
the 6hape of a cro66. fhe vorte8
Iiquid pa6sing th!'ouqh the outlet

ilsLde a ves3el at tbe outlet

of plate. sctdctl together to fotn
brelker preventa cavLtatLon jn the
coEnactlon.

ui6t Elinlnator: I xire mesh pad hcld ln place betue.n two liqht
srla;:--fr;-E.t elLoLnator disengagea liqulats contalned in the vaPorsupport Grld: Grati.ng or sooe other tlPe of Blqrport -uhlch vaPor or
ITfrIE-5laas throuEh. u6ed to 6upport to er PactLng such as catalyst
ra6chig rings, etc.

Shirt Fir.prooflrrg: BrLck or concrete applLed hEide aDd outsL'le of

Ln the evEitt of a fLr.i.

;II.t t.Eeve-"Ld"ra9 to .kirt

P1atfo!'Es: Platforo6 boltcat to aad 4Pporteit by ctiPs ou the outsi-de

6?ltle ve-r""l. cenerally located Just belo, a oaDhole, aat! at rell.f
vrlves or othea valv.6 or connections l,lrlch nacal frequeDt 6ervLcc.
Ladiler5 apd Caqes: Rung_tlDe lqdders lrith cage6 bulLt of Etructural

;Eapcs to p;evcnt a D.n f,rom fallilg whe! cli-ubirtg the Ladder. These
are bolteal to and supported by cliPs on the outside of the vess61_
uaed for acce6E r{, and down to the Platforns.

Dry!!: A hoisting device attached by means of a socket to the

top of JiiZfionatioo col;mns - used for handling reli.ef valves. bubble
tral,s, bubble cap6, etc.

Colunn

1.1.6

AS}IE BOILER AND PRTSSURE VESSEL

CODE

standard rules for the construction of boilers and Pressure vessels

divlded into section6 $hich e6tabllshes design forDulas, material
selection, alLowable stress values, methods of construction, insPec_
tj,on anal nonilestructive exanination procedures for Pressure contaii'nent
vessef.
P3B-1-013

NUMBER

'l'rluoa

PHASE III
HORIZONTAL VBSSELS

PIPING

LEssoN

-----ffiotn

TRAINING

PAGE 5

oATE

TTANUALS

Of 5

Rev- L/

rrD = vessel diameter, 'rl-r = vessel length tan. to tan.

,,S,,
= Distance from ta!- to centerline of support Ieg
Normal shelf thickness vessels

s=L/5

Thin shell thicknes6 vessels

Note: In this case the vessel
s = Dl4
head acts as a stiffener
to the shell
5.

J.

vent is located at the opposite end of the vessel from the steam out
and a lnaximlnn alistance a$ay.

SKIRT }IEIC}l1 AND IIEIGHT OF HORIZONTAL VESSELS

skilt height and height of horizontal vessels are shown on the flos
diaoram. The Procesl Enqineer determine6 what the skirt height t'til} be
Uy itre N-p.s.tt. (Net Positive suction Head). This is the liquid head
requi.red to keep the Pump suction primed- PumP suction lineE fron the
vessel bottoms sfratl i'r"vl a B-o-P. ninimui of 8'-0" above H.P'F'S' If
this requi.rement is not met, there are three alteroatives:
height can be increased to meet the 8'-0'

1.

The vessel or skirt

room requirement.

2.

Block the operating aisle with a 1o!r suction 1ine.

3.

Take the

out of the pump rot, and locate

the operating aisle.
out
of
vessel
pump

not pocket ptstP suction lines The ves6e1 or

be increaseal to eliminate a pocket condition.

Do

(.

it

head

near the base of the

skirt height

may have

to

REACIORS AND ADVANCED DESIGN VESSE1S

with hemispherical heads are a speclal design chal]enqe_

careiul consideration should be given to ladder6, platforms, Pipe supports,
etc. No \,,elding to the shell. !|elding to the heads and skirt only'

Hea\rr- \raI1 vessels

P3B-1-013

'l'rluon

NUI.,IBER

IIl

PHASE
HORIZONTAI VESSEiS

PIPING
TRAIXING

Lgssox

PAGE 1 Of 1
DATE Rev. 1/

HANDOI'T

flANUALS

STEPS TO ACCOI{PLISH HORIZON]AL VESSEL STIJDY

1-

Update your

2-

Compare

floi,

diagram from rllaster,l

vessel outlille to flow diagram

a- Vessel I.D,
b- Tangent to tangent dilnension
c. N.L.Ld. Size, rating and quantity of

nozzles

Calculate elevations
a.
bc.
4-

centeru.ne of vessel based on mini-oum height on f1o!, aliaqram

Process nozzles based on vessel outtine verify or 6et instrument nozzles based on flolr diagram and instrunent
standard dra\ring

Determine vhat items require platform

or Iaalder access

study piping transposition

outline to scale and get xerox copies

6.

Drav vessel

7-

On these copies do rgug\ skeqches of piping and nozzle arranqements,

comDrne anal change sketches for optijnun design using piping iogic.

8.

Pipj.ng
a-

b.
c.
d.

f.
sh.

logic considerations or priorities

F1olr diagran

Stress
Economics

Support and

stability

Lines run at standard efevations per unit

Looks

drawing

Operation, Daintenance and safety

Job standards

Your order

of inportance will

econonics vrould be more

on a smaLl
carbon steel

9.

plot

change in each situation. For instance

important than lgoks on a large a1loy line- '
1ine, looks nay be more irnporiant than economics-

actual study. you must be accurate and drav to scafe; houever,

donrt worry about draftihg qualiry, li.Ilework, or lettering. ,,Rough and
dirtyr' but legible and complete.
Conunence

P3B-1-019

GUIDE

VESSE! ENGINEEIUNG

Fli.UoR

EEUIPMB}A, VESSE.S, TA]J}iS

$ti8iiitnrxo

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