PROJECT REPORT

ON
JOB SATISFACTION

HARMAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.NO.

1.

CONTENT

PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 JOB SATISFACTION IN EDUCATION SYSTEM

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF JOB SATISFACTION
1.3 RELATION BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND
PERFORMANCE
1.4 STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE YOUR JOB SATISFACTION
2.

JOB SATISFACTION IN INDIA

13

2.1 JOB SATISFACTION HIGHER AMONG INDIAN WORKERS

2.2 FACTOR THAT WOULD HELP IN INCREASING JOB
SATISFACTION OF INDIAN AND INDIAN MANAGERS
2.3 JOB SATISFACTION: WHAT MONEY CAN'T BUY
2.4 JOB SATISFACTION OVER SALARY FOR INDIANS
3.

CASE STUDIES

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3.1 ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION

3.2 EMPLOYEE'S SATISFACTION IN AIR INDIA
3.3 FEMALE HOTEL STAFF FACE HIGH STRESS, LOW JOB
SATISFACTION
4.

FIVE WAYS TO IMPROVE EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION

34

5.

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

36

6.

CONCLUSION

38

7.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

39
2

1. INTRODUCTION
Job satisfaction describes how content an individual is with his /her job. The happier
people are within their job, the more satisfied they are said to be. Job satisfaction is not
the same as motivation or aptitude, although it is clearly linked. Job design aims to
enhance job satisfaction and performance; methods include job rotation, job enlargement,
job enrichment and job re-engineering. Other influences on satisfaction include the
management style and culture, employee involvement, empowerment and autonomous
work position. Job satisfaction is a very important attribute which is frequently measured
by organizations. The most common way of measurement is the use of rating scales
where employees report their reactions to their jobs. Questions relate to rate of pay, work
responsibilities, variety of tasks, promotional opportunities, the work itself and coworkers. Some questioners ask yes or no questions while others ask to rate satisfaction on
1-5 scale (where 1 represents "not at all satisfied" and 5 represents "extremely
satisfied").. So, job satisfaction, over the long term, requires careful planning and effort
both by employers and employees. Skills should be given to employees so that they can
perform those tasks more efficiently and effectively thus relieving boredom and gains
recognition. Employees should be creative, ready to take initiative and work in team, as
large part of success in job is the ability to work well with others to get the job done.
Employees should known how to accept people with their difference and imperfection,
and how to give receive criticism constructively in the same organization. Employers and
employee should learn to de-stress. They should plan to avoid burnout by developing
healthy stress management techniques. Creating a good blend of factors that contribute to
a stimulating, challenging, supportive and rewarding work environment is vital. Because
of the relative prominence of pay in the reward system, it is very important that salaries
be tied to job responsibilities and that pay increases be tied to performance rather than
seniority.

Whether your work is a job, a career or a calling, you can take steps to restore meaning to
your job. Make the best of difficult work situations by being positive. Doing so will help

you manage your stress and experience the rewards of your profession. Apparently,
assuring job satisfaction, over the long term, requires careful planning and effort both by
employers and employees. Skills should be given to employees so that they can perform
those tasks more efficiently and effectively thus relieving boredom and gains recognition.
Employees should be creative, ready to take initiative and work in team, as large part of
success in job is the ability to work well with others to get the job done. Employees
should know how to accept people with their difference and imperfection, and how to
give and receive criticism constructively in the same organization. Lastly, employees and
employers should learn to de-stress. They should plan to avoid burnout by developing
healthy stress management techniques. Creating a good blend of factors that contribute to
a stimulating, challenging, supportive and rewarding work environment is vital. Because
of the relative prominence of pay in the reward system, it is very important that salaries
be tied to job responsibilities and that pay increases be tied to job responsibilities and that
pay increases be tied to performance rather than seniority.
This study was aimed to describe the overall level of job satisfaction among
teaching staff in Himachal Pradesh University, Patiala, and to understand the working
conditions and opportunities to present problems and views and also to study the
importance of maintaining balance between work and personal life through different
factors which influence the performance of the employees such as the working condition,
the salary, the job tasks, the relationships between employees and managers including
levels of their communication between them etc. (Hoppock, 1935; Greenberg & Baron,
1983).

1.1 JOB SATISFACTION IN EDUCATION SYSTEM

Indian Education Commission (1966) describes teacher as one of the most important
factors contributing to the national development. He is the pivot around which all the
educational programs, such as curriculum, syllabus, textbooks, evaluation, etc., rotate.
The best system of education may fail to achieve the desire ends in the absence of
sincere, competent and professionally aware Company employees. National Policy on
Education (1986) rightly states No people can rise above the level of its Company

employees. As a person imbibes, interprets and disseminates the relevant items of culture
and traditions of the past, he creates new knowledge, promotes innovations, critically
appraises the past and its traditions and cultures, sifts the grain from the chaffe,
strengthens social and economic fabrics of the nation. Education is basically the influence
which the teacher exerts on the students entrusted to his care. Effective Company
employees are required in the classroom because even the best curriculum and most
perfect syllabus remain ineffective in the absence of a good teacher. The teaching
profession, according to Daniels (1973) inherently entails certain well-known self
obvious and implicit obligations, commitments and expectations from its members. The
society bestows its trust on all the professionals to rise to the demands of the profession.
In order to perform his role of paramount and vital significance effectively, a teacher
should be professionally aware of professional demands and obligations placed on him by
the profession. Further the role of Company employees in influencing the future of our
advancing national development is becoming increasingly important. Development of the
country requires a high rate of production and fullest possible utilization of both human
as well as material resources.

Nowadays, there is, however, a general feeling that the Company employees do not have
satisfaction in their job. There seems to be growing discontentment towards their job as a
result of which standard of education are falling. Company employees are dissatisfied in
spite of different plans and programs, which have been implemented to improve their job.
Job satisfaction consists of total body of feeling about the nature of job promotion, nature
of supervision etc. that an individual has about his job. If the sum total of influence of
these factors gives arises to feelings of satisfaction, the individual has job satisfaction.
Under such circumstances it is essential that the proper understanding concerning
satisfaction emanating from the job life be obtained.

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF JOB SATISFACTION

Job satisfaction has been the centre of the concentration for researchers over three
decades. The reasons for such concentration are manifolds:
1. Job satisfaction has some relation with the mental health of the people
Dissatisfaction with once job may have especially volatile spillover effects on
many other things such as family life, leisure activities etc. Many unresolved personality
problems and maladjustments arise out of person inability to find satisfaction in his work.
Both scientific study and casual observation provide ample evidence that job satisfaction
is important for the psychological adjustment and happy living of individual. A classic
study by Arthur Kornhausen provides empirical evidence for the relationship between job
satisfaction and mental health. In fact, job satisfaction and life satisfaction are
inextricable bound.
2. Job satisfaction has some degree of positive correlation with physical
health of individuals
A study by Palmore has come to the conclusion that people who like work, are
likely to live longer. Here the logic behind such result is that people with greater
satisfaction tend to have greater incomes and more education and thus coincidently enjoy
greater benefits, which promote longevity. On the other side of the coin, it was contended
that chronic dissatisfaction with work represents stress, which, in turn, eventually takes
its toll on the organization. Emotional stress, as physicians contend has been implicated
as a contributory factor in the genesis of hypertension, coronary artery disease, digestive
ailments and even some kinds of a cancer. Therefore, job satisfaction is essential to
maintain physical health also.
3. Spread goodwill about the organization
From the point of view of an organization, people who feel positively about their work
life are more apt to voice favorable sentiments about the organization to the community
at large. When the goodwill of the company goes up, new, qualified and dynamic entrants
show their interest in joining the organization. The organization thus will be in a position

to enjoy the talents of people as job satisfaction fosters a pervasive residue of public
goodwill towards the organization.
4. Individuals can live with the organizations
A happy and satisfied individual can find it easy to live within the organization as well as
outside it. On the contrary, a chronically upset individual makes organization life
vexations for others with whom he interacts.
5. Reduces absenteeism and turnover
The calculable costs-employee turnover and absenteeism are sufficient to accept
the importance of job satisfaction. Higher job satisfaction reduces labor turnover and
absenteeism, and the managers are compelled, if they are unconvinced about the merits of
job satisfaction, to give priority, and adequate weightage to job satisfaction. A serious
consequence of job dissatisfaction can be the employee turnover.
1.3 RELATION BETWEEN JOB SATISFACTION AND PERFORMANCE
Non financial rewards (appreciation of ones performance, due recognition, more
responsibilities, respect and regard, recognition of skills and talent etc.) often have more
impact than financial recognition in attaining job satisfaction. In the contemporary
workplace of today, leaders are empowering employees, flattening organizations,
encouraging staff participation in decision making, enhancing productivity and shifting
from 9/5 to 24/7, with only one objective of attaining high performance outcomes for the
organization. Many leaders in their quest for organization success often overlook one
very valuable motivational tool in their arsenal i.e. job satisfaction.
(www.expresscomputeronline.com)

Staff rewards
Rewarding staff appropriately is important. Experienced human resources consultancies
and practitioners who are engaged in staff selection, assessment and recruitment are often
able to evaluate and assess the needs and wants of individuals fairly accurately. By
having them, especially those with many years of expertise and experience, organizations
can develop strategic and creative benefits and wages to attract, retain and motivate talent
7

who will achieve high performance for the organizations and job satisfaction for
themselves. Job satisfaction is often achieved where performance is recognized by
appropriate
Strong motivator
Job Satisfaction is often a strong motivator in work endeavors. Research has shown that
Job Satisfaction can lead to high job performance especially for professionals and highlevel employees, commonly known as talent. As jobs and work in the new economy shift
to professionalized knowledge based, info-tech, info-com and bio-science characteristics,
job satisfaction will increasingly become a key driver of individual motivation and effort.
Research has also shown that there exists a relationship between individual performance
measured at a certain time and later job satisfaction. However, this relation is conditional
to performance being family rewarded in appropriate form as perceived by the recipient.
Quality of work-life
One of the hallmarks of a socially responsible organization is its success in achieving not
only high performance outcomes, but also in helping its team members experience a high
level of Job Satisfaction. Quality of work-life (QWL) is a key indicator of the overall
quality of human experience at the workplace. QWL expresses a clear way of thinking
about people, their work and the organization in which their careers are fulfilled. QWL
establishes a clear objective that high performance can be achieved with high job
satisfaction.
High job satisfaction
Achieving high job satisfaction needs some simple strategies. Offer your team members a
variety of meaningful tasks. Repetitive routine work often leads to job dissatisfaction. As
a leader, think about introducing application of creativity in their work. Rotate the staff of
different task at regular intervals so that their work remains challenging. If you have to
supervise do it unobtrusively. Give more responsibility by empowering your teak
members. Allow them opportunity to self.

Effective communication among employees

Unclear targets and objectives and poor communication can contribute to dissatisfaction
and eventually lead to poor work performance. If you are administering rewards, make
sure that they match their expectations. If their expectations are unrealistic, take time to
make comparison to equivalent and comparable jobs and broad work related
environmental conditions to similar employers. Explain this to your team members.
Job Satisfaction needs effective communication about the tasks, which have to be done.
The team member must know the performance achieved in relation to the target. Regular
work appraisal should therefore be provided. More importantly they must have an
awareness of departmental and organizational changes, which affects their job. Change
agents should periodically meet team members to share the progress on changes in the
tasks no matter how small they are. Critical to this is, listening to employees feedback
and their perception as it is more likely to affect their job satisfaction and work perforce.
Organizational benefits
Improved job satisfaction in the work place reduces social problems. The creative aspects
of achieving satisfaction will reduce if not overcome boredom and monotony in work,
physical strain and mental stress. This will have a lower absenteeism rate and lower staff
turn-over, which translated into lower losses, less late-coming, fewer grievances and
more effective cost control. Satisfied team member are generally more committed to the
work place success than those non job satisfactors. A satisfied team member is more
likely to perform well cheerfully than other employees.
Job Satisfaction is an emotion, a feeling an attitude and a matter of perception. It arises
from the employees appraisal of experience at work. It involves likes and dislikes as well
as needs and wants both internal and external. As an employer or leader if you fail to
meet them, there is a high probability you will also not achieve high performance.
Creating job satisfaction remains a challenge for many human resources Managers. An
experienced business partner specialized in human resource management can greatly help
in meeting this challenge. Achieving high job satisfaction for employees or team
members is pre-requisite for becoming market Leader and a Champion!

1.4 STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE YOUR JOB SATISFACTION

Depending on the underlying cause for job dis-satisfaction, there may be several ways to
increase job satisfaction.
1. Set new challenges. If youre stuck in a job because of lack of education or a
downturn in the economy, it doesnt mean your work has to become drudgery. With a
little imagination, you can create new challenges and make the best of the job you have.
Here are some ideas that may help:

Improve your job skills. Imagining yourself in your dream job, you might envision
yourself as an excellent project manager-a confident communicator and a highly
organized person. Why not work on these skills in your present job?

Develop you own project. Take on a project that can motivate you and give you a
sense of control. Start small, such as organizing a work-related celebration, before
moving on to larger goals. Working on something boost your confidence.

Mentor a co-worker. Once youve mastered a job, you may find it. Becoming
routine. Helping a new co-worker or an intern advance his or her skills can restore
the challenge and the satisfaction you desire.

2. Beat the boredom

Does your job seem boring sometimes? Do you run out of things to do? If so, your
abilities may not match your responsibilities. Here are some suggestions:

Break up the monotony. Take advantages of your work breaks. Read. Listen to
music. Go for a walk. Write a letter.

Cross-training. Does your work consist of repetitive tasks, such as entering data or
working on as assembly line? Talk with your boos about training for a different
task to combat boredom. Once you have completed the training, you can switch
back and forth.

Volunteer for something different. If you hear that you company is launching a new
project, volunteer for the work team.

10

Keep in mind that boredom can literally be deadly if your job involves working with
machinery or caring for people. If your mind wanders to the point that you put
3. Stay Positive
Use positive thinking to reframe your thoughts about your job. Changing your
attitude about work wont necessarily happen overnight or increase your job
satisfaction overnight. But if youre alert to the view of work that brings you down,
you can improve your job satisfaction. Try these techniques.

Stop negative thoughts. Pay attention to the messages you give yourself. When you
catch yourself thinking your job is terrible, stop the thought in its tracks.

Put things in perspective. Remember, everyone encounters good days and bad days
on the job.

Look for the silver lining. Reframing can help you find the good in a bad
situation. For example, you receive a less than perfect performance appraisal and
your boss warns you to improve or move to another job. Instead of taking it
personally or looking for another job right away, look for the silver lining.
Depending on where you work, the silver lining may be attending continuing
education classes or working closely with a performance coach and having the
satisfaction of showing your boss that youre capable of change.

Learn from your mistakes. Failure is one of the greatest learning tools, but many
people let failure defeat them. When you make a mistake at work, learn from it
and try again. It doesnt mean that youre a failure

Be grateful. Gratitude can help you focus on whats positive about your job. Ask
yourself, What am I grateful for at work today? find at least one thing you are
grateful for and savor it.

Whether your work is a job, a career or a calling, you can take steps to restore meaning to
your job. Make the best of difficult work situations by being positive. Doing so will help
you manage your stress and experience the rewards of your profession. Apparently,
assuring job satisfaction, over the long term, requires careful planning and effort both by
11

employers and employees. Skills should be given to employees so that they can perform
those tasks more efficiently and effectively thus relieving boredom and gains recognition.
Employees should be creative, ready to take initiative and work in team, as large part of
success in job is the ability to work well with others to get the job done. Employees
should know how to accept people with their difference and imperfection, and how to
give and receive criticism constructively in the same organization. Lastly, employees and
employers should learn to de-stress. They should plan to avoid burnout by developing
healthy stress management techniques. Creating a good blend of factors that contribute to
a stimulating, challenging, supportive and rewarding work environment is vital. Because
of the relative prominence of pay in the reward system, it is very important that salaries
be tied to job responsibilities and that pay increases be tied to job responsibilities and that
pay increases be tied to performance rather than seniority.

12

2. JOB SATISFACTION IN INDIA

2.1 JOB SATISFACTION HIGHER AMONG INDIAN WORKERS
Workers in India rate their work environment, teamwork and other aspects of their jobs
more favourably than workers in other Asia-Pacific countries, according to a new
WorkAsia study done by Watson Wyatt Worldwide, a leading global human capital
consulting firm.
The broad Watson Wyatt WorkAsia study surveyed employee attitudes across 11 Asian
markets about their commitment, alignment and enablement as well as 10 related
workplace factors. WorkIndia, a part of the WorkAsia study, surveyed more than 9,000
participants from 53 companies, representing 14 major industries.
Indian workers rate their job satisfaction, work environment and teamwork higher than
any other categories measured. Seventy-one per cent of surveyed employees are satisfied
with their jobs. The same percentage also rated their employers favourably on work
environment. These numbers are 8 and 11 percentage points higher respectively than the
Asia-Pacific norms. Sixty-seven per cent of workers thought their employers facilitated
effective teamwork between coworkers, 13 percentage points higher than the average for
the region.
"The high rating for effective teamwork are encouraging in the light of the high
concentration of information technology and business process outsourcing firms in the
Indian economy,'' said Sanjay Bharwani, Country Manager, Watson Wyatt India.
However, the WorkIndia survey also found that like their Asian counterparts, Indian
workers are the least satisfied with their compensation and benefits. More Indian workers
(39 per cent) rate this category favourably than workers in any other country in the
region. Nonetheless, only 35 per cent feel they are paid fairly in comparison with people
with comparable jobs at other companies and only 42 per cent are pleased with their
opportunities for incentive pay.
"The relatively low overall satisfaction with compensation highlights the need for Indian
employers to ensure they keep up with this rapidly developing economy,'' said Mr.

13

Bharwani. "Effective communication about how individual pay is determined and about
companies' overall performance will become more and more important as the job market
becomes more competitive,'' he added.
The survey also found that 83 per cent of Indian workers have confidence in the longterm success of their companies while 81 per cent intend to stay with their current
employer for at least one more year. A significant 74 per cent of Indian employees say
their work gave them a sense of personal achievement while 72 per cent felt the amount
of work they are required to do is reasonable.

2.2 FACTOR THAT WOULD HELP IN INCREASING JOB

SATISFACTION OF INDIAN AND INDIAN MANAGERS
Job satisfaction can be influenced by a variety of factors, e.g. the quality of one's
relationship with their supervisor, the quality of the physical environment in which they
work, degree of fulfillment in their work, etc.. Numerous research results show that there
are many factors affecting the job satisfaction. There are particular demographic traits
(age, education level, tenure, position, marital status, years in service, and hours worked
per week) of employees that significantly affect their job satisfaction.
Satisfying factors motivate workers while dissatisfying ones prevent. Motivating factors
are achievement, recognition, the job conducted, responsibility, promotion and the factors
related to the job itself for personal development. Motivating factors in the working
environment result in the job satisfaction of the person while protective ones dissatisfy
him/her .
Maslow connects the creation of the existence of people's sense of satisfaction with the
maintenance of the classified needs. These are: physiological needs (eating, drinking,
resting, etc.), security needs (pension, health insurance, etc.), the need to love (good
relations with the environment, friendship, fellowship, to love and to be loved), need to
self-esteem (self-confidence, recognition, adoration, to be given importance, status, etc.)
need of self-actualization (maximization of the latent[potential] power and capacity,
development of abilities, etc.).
Insufficient education, inability to select qualified workers for the job, lack of
communications, lack of job definitions, all affect job satisfaction negatively. It has been

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asserted that participating in the management, having the decision making power,
independence on the job and the unit where the individual works, have positive impact
upon the job satisfaction. The job itself (the work conducted), and achievement and
recognition at work result in satisfaction while the management policy, relations with the
managers and colleagues result in dissatisfaction. Factors related to the job itself such as
using talents, creativity, responsibility, recognition have influence on the job satisfaction.
Age is one of the factors affecting job satisfaction. Studies conducted in five different
countries prove that the elder workers are more satisfied. Kose has also found a
meaningful relation between the age and job satisfaction.
There is a strong connection between feeling secure and saying one is satisfied with a job.
People who state their job is secure have a much larger probability of reporting
themselves happy with their work.
Similarly, by some researchers, sex is also found to have an influence on job satisfaction.
Besides, Wahba has found out that male librarians give more importance to personal
development and free decision making in their jobs than the female librarians, and the
female librarians are more dissatisfied than the male librarians.
Job satisfaction and devotion to the job, affected each other reciprocally, and they have
great impact upon performance. The most significant of the factors affecting performance
are economical, technical, socio-political, cultural and demographical ones.
However, most efforts to improve performance seem to center on improving the
conditions surrounding the work. These are worthwhile efforts, but they usually result
only in short-term improvements in attitudes and productivity, and the situation often
returns quickly to normal.
There is no strong acceptance among researchers, consultants, etc., that increased job
satisfaction produces improve job performance -- in fact, improved job satisfaction can
sometimes decrease job performance. For example, you could let workers sometime sit
around all day and do nothing. That may make them more satisfied with their "work" in
the short run, but their performance certainly doesn't improve. The individual's
willingness to get a result, his/her endeavour and expectation of maintaining the result
will push him/her to show the highest performance.
Job satisfaction varies a lot. (Researches suggests, the higher the prestige of the job, the

15

greater the job satisfaction). But, many workers are satisfied in even the least prestigious
jobs. They simply like what they do. Most workers like their work if they have little
supervision. The least satisfied workers are those in service occupations and managers
that work for others. Ethnic and religious orientation is associated to work attitudes, and
job satisfaction is related to education.
The difference between the results that the individual desire and those s/he maintained
will affect his/her satisfaction. There is a consistent relationship between the professional
status and the job satisfaction. High levels of job satisfaction are observed in those
professions which are deemed of good standing in the society.
The workers usually compare their working conditions with the conditions of the society,
under the variable of social conditions. If the social conditions are worse than the
individual's working conditions, then this will result in satisfaction of the individual, as
the workers deem themselves relatively in good position.
No meaningful relationship between the job satisfaction and age, professional experience,
education level, level of wage, sex and professional group was found. On the contrary,
professional experience has been claimed to increase job satisfaction.

2.3 JOB SATISFACTION: WHAT MONEY CAN'T BUY

Some interesting facts about the NextGen Indian workforce whose passion is not money
but realising dreams at workplace
Job market in India is undergoing a transformation amid economic slowdown and a
growing number of incumbents. The formal sector presents a paradoxical situation: while
employment growth has been subdued, a major portion of the young workforce tends to
switch jobs more often. A survey by the networking site ApnaCircle.com throws up some
interesting facts about the restless NextGen Indian workforce whose passion is not money
but realising their dreams at the workplace.
When Prasanna (name changed) cleared his chartered accountancy exams and got into a
leading foreign bank, his parents heaved a sigh of relief hoping that their son will make a
mark in the booming financial sector. They were wrong as Prasanna soon found the job
boring, even though the pay-checks were pretty fat. He moved to the media sector
where, according to many, every day has a new surprise in store. Since breaking stories

16

on government policies brought him greater job satisfaction than structuring a financial
deal for a client, Prasanna did not mind sacrificing on the salary.
There are many Indians like Prasanna who have switched not just jobs but the industry
altogether. In fact, many are aspiring to start a firm of their own to realise their dreams.
The survey shows over 50% professionals switched their industry after their first job. The
reason for the switch was not just money as 34% complained of lack of growth and
opportunity in their current profiles and 33% had either lost interest or realised their own
potential.
There are yet another 45% of professionals who would like to switch industry and pursue
something different from their field of specialisation34% say for job satisfaction, 28%
for monetary reasons and 21% say their parents forced them to get into the educational
specialisation and hence theyd like to switch.
Simply working and earning money is something that does not satisfy todays youth or
professionals. The youth today act as careerpreneurs and for them being completely
satisfied with their work and growth is very important. They take risk in their careers like
an entrepreneur does to reinvent themselves, says the survey by ApnaCircle.com that has
over 3 million users. The survey finding points to an increasing trend of young workers
looking for careers that provides job satisfaction, which will enhance productivity of
Indian industry. But for the industry, this trend poses a question: Whether this will leave
the job market chaotic and starve the industry of skilled professionals?
Meeting the overarching demand for skilled workers is one of the major headaches not
only for some industries but for the government as well. Of the army of 500 million
workforce, hardly 7% is in the formal sector and a small fraction of that has the requisite
skills. Economic pundits warn that, for the Indian economy to grow by 8-10%, the
country has to upgrade skills of its workforce rapidly. Even if skills are upgraded, one
cannot ignore the aspirations of the young workers.
A survey on global CEOs revealed that human capital is one the main challenges of
MNCs in India followed by global political and economic risks, innovation, operational
excellence and government regulation. If you do not have the right approach in place on
the human capital side of the organisation, you will struggle to be innovative, customer
friendly, and operationally sound, said the CEOs survey report prepared by FICCI and

17

The Conference Board drawing responses from over 700 CEOs across the globe, 60 of
them from India.
In a clear indication of the stress across the global talent market and the scarcity of
quality talent available on the open market, particularly in Asia, where wage and title
inflation are rampant, growing talent internally is the top strategy of company CEOs in
India. The five top strategies selected by CEOs to tackle their human capital challenges
grow talent internally, provide employee training and development, raise employee
engagement, improve performance management processes and accountability, and
increase efforts to retain critical talentare all internally focused and put an emphasis on
current employees, it said.

2.4 JOB SATISFACTION OVER SALARY FOR INDIANS

If you thought salary is the prime incentive for Indians, think again. Indian employees,
says a study, look to leadership, job satisfaction, communication, teamwork and work
environment as the top five commitment drivers for them.
While Indians do recognise that pay is linked to the company's performance, they are not
satisfied with their pay or benefits alone.
Watson Wyatt, the leading global human capital consulting firm, organized a CEO Forum
on 'Building Peak Performance Teams to Conquer Global Markets,' led by Watson Wyatt
president and CEO John Haley and regional director for Asia Pacific Dr Chuly Lee.
The guest speakers at the Forum were Tata Consultancy Services CEO S Ramadorai, and
Aditya Birla Management Corporation head for corporate human resources Santrupt
Misra.Rajeev Gupta, managing director, Carlyle India, moderated the discussions at the
sessions.
Commenting that, "The Indian workforce is currently 500 million people," Haley
predicted that, "over the next three decades the country will see a growth of over 335
million people, which is greater that the combined work force of the United Kingdom, the
United States, Japan, Germany and France. The rapid growth of its economy, with all the

18

major sectors poised for growth makes India a very critical and important marketplace for
human resource management."
He went on to say, "As domestic companies reach out globally they will need skilled
human capital to be competitive with established market leaders."
Looking at the world from the employees' point of view, Lee said, "Leadership, job
satisfaction, communication, teamwork and work environment are the top five
commitment drivers. While India has a strong advantage with a net labour cost saving of
around 40%, future growth trajectories will depend on sustaining the people & cost
advantage."
In a hot labour market the human resource challenges corporate India faces are:

44% of the companies have significant difficulty attracting top performers;

40% of the companies make mid-year salary corrections;

Average employee turnover is 16%;

BPO's have up to 25% salary growth with 40% to 50% turnover;

India has the highest salary increases in the region.

Sharing an overview of Watson Wyatt's WorkIndia study, Anita Belani, country head,
Watson Wyatt India, said, "In most categories, Indian employees rate their companies
more favourably than employees in other Asia Pacific countries. Indian employees give
more importance to the company's growth prospects and reputation when evaluating the
'leave or stay decision' as compared to their Asia Pacific counterparts. Indian employees
rated above average on two norms versus their AP counterparts: employee alignment with
corporate goals and higher accessibility of information."
"On the other hand, ratings on dissatisfaction with compensation are similar to their AsiaPacific counterparts with compensation rated as the biggest reason why people leave,
followed by better career opportunities and better utilization of skills. While employees
do recognize that pay is linked to the company's performance, they are not satisfied with
their pay or benefits," he added.

19

Ramadorai spoke about the evolution of TCS from a domestic to a global company. He
described how the company has created a favourable work culture for over 59,000
employees. "There are five essential elements that make a good team: A common goal,
team spirit, expertise in diverse areas within the teams, acting when necessary and, most
importantly, effective leadership. These five elements, when working in tandem, make for
an effective team," he said.
"What employees look for are credible managers and leaders that they can rely on,
treatment as professionals in their field of work, a work culture that provides stability and
is free of politics," said Misra, while providing an insight into some key employee
expectations.
The forum was attended by business owners and senior corporate executives, including
Godrej Group chairperson Adi Godrej; Tata AIG managing director Dalip Verma; ICICI
Prudential associate VP (operations) Ashok Suvarna; Bajaj Electricals CEO R
Ramakrishnan; Novartis CEO Anil Matai, TCS chairman of F C Kohli, and Wockhardt
chairman Huzaifa Khorakiwala.
Anita Belani added, "The success of this forum affirms our growing belief in the
advantages of developing entrepreneurs and leaders who will take India and its
businesses to supremacy in global markets. Recognising this potential, we have
centralised the Watson Wyatt human capital consulting business in Mumbai to meet
growing rapidly demand for advice on efficient corporate structures, benefits and
retention strategies."
Lee also shared some global trends in work that include:

Changing expectations: Employees want more control of their careers and

rewards based on performance. They are also concerned about opportunities for
growth.

Increasing demand for skilled employees with higher education, driven by

technological innovation and transition to a service economy.

20

Rising female workforce participation is a major driver towards more flexible

labour markets.

Flexibility in labour engagement to hedge uncertainties, which includes more

frequent use of self-employment, part-time work, limited duration contracts and
temporary staffing.

With greater labour as well as job mobility employers no longer viewed as

providers of lifetime employment and benefits.

21

3. CASE STUDIES
3.1 ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND JOB
SATISFACTION: A STUDY OF EMPLOYEES IN THE
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY IN BANGALORE,
INDIA
The integral part of any management process is to manage the people at work. A well
managed organization sees worker as the root cause of quality and productivity .An
effective organization will always promote a sense of commitment and satisfaction
among its employees. The significance and importance of the concept of organizational
commitment in terms of leading to beneficial organizational and desirable outcomes such
as increased productivity, reducing absenteeism and turnover, has been documented by
many studies such as those of Steers (1977); Porter et al. (1974); Reiches (1985) and Tett
and Meyer (1993).
One way to address issue of employee turnover is to understand the job satisfaction and
commitment level of employees. Organizations often try to foster commitment in their
employees to achieve stability and reduce costly turnover. It is commonly believed that
committed employees will also work harder and be more likely to go the extra mile to
achieve organizational objectives. Research has consistently demonstrated that
commitment does indeed contribute to a reduction in turnover. Motivated employees are
needed in our rapidly changing workplaces. Motivated employees help organizations
survive. Motivated employees are more productive. To be effective, managers need to
understand what motivates employees within the context of the roles they perform. A lot
of studies are conducted separately on commitment, satisfaction and motivation but very
few studies are there on IT sector linking these three .So it is crucial to conduct a study on
job satisfaction and organizational commitment in information technology industry and
also to identify the important motivating factors to retain the highly talented workforce.
The review of related literature on Organizational commitment, Job satisfaction and
Motivation has helped the researcher to identify the gap and has provided an insight to

22

the direction of current study. The population for the study was all technical employees in
the Information technology Industry in Bangalore city. For the present study data was
collected with the help of structured questionnaire from 300 employees working in
software industry.
The study is concentrated on Bangalore IT industry. The researcher used non probabilistic
sampling (purposive sampling) method as sampling design. Samples were selected from
10
Top IT multinational companies. Samples were drawn from three levels of management
including entry level, middle level and top level employees. The pertinent information for
the study is collected from both primary and secondary sources.
The independent variable in this study is job satisfaction. The overall Job satisfaction was
measured using the 15-item questionnaire developed by Prof.Harold Andrew Patrick in
2009,
Designed to measure 15 aspects of job. The aspects of overall job satisfaction are job
security,interest,opportunity for advancement,appreciation,company policy and
management
practises, intrinsic aspects of a job,salary,supervision,social aspects of job, working
conditions,communication,hours,ease, benefits ,and fair treatment. Responses were
collected
with the help of 7 point likert scale.
The dependant variable, organizational commitment was measured using the revised
Organizational Commitment Scales (Meyer, Allen and Smith 1993) that is, the Affective
Commitment Scale (ACS), the Continuance Commitment Scale (CCS) and the
Normative Commitment Scale (NCS) with 24 questions on 7-point Likert scales. The
Kovach ten jobrelated
factors developed by kovach , Kenneth (1999) were used to determine what motivates the
employees in software industry. The respondents were asked to indicate the degree of
importance of the factors and relative ranking according to motivational importance. The
statistical technique used to analyse the data were descriptive statistics, The Pearsons
correlation, ANOVA, Regression and Friedman test. Data was analysed with the help of
SPSS.

23

The major findings of the study were:

1. The level of organizational commitment was moderate, with relatively higher
variability in affective commitment. Mean value was highest for Continuance
commitment indicating employees are staying back with the organization because of the
cost of leaving the organisation or its too much trouble to go somewhere else.
2. IT employees were showing only a moderate level of job satisfaction. Amongst the
items comprising the scale for job satisfaction, the items with highest satisfaction levels
were related to the social aspects of the job, working conditions (excluding working
hours), interest (from intrinsic aspects of the job), job security, communication, and ease
of the job (as an intrinsic aspect of the job). On the other hand, employees had lowest
satisfaction levels for working hours, supervision, appreciation from management, and
salary. It shows that IT employees are dissatisfied with the working hours, supervision,
appreciation from management and the salary they are getting.
3. To increase the Job satisfaction and commitment it is very important to identify the
motivational factors. . The most important motivational factors for IT employees were
good wages, promotion/growth, job security, interesting work, and appreciation of work.
4. There was significant positive correlation of job satisfaction with affective
commitment and normative commitment, and negative correlation with continuance
commitment. This indicates that higher the level of job satisfaction greater the level of
affective commitment and normative commitment. If employees are staying back with
the organization because of the cost of leaving the organisation or its too much trouble to
go somewhere else then there will be less satisfaction.
5. Amongst the items comprising the scale for job satisfaction, the items with highest
correlation with affective commitment were related to the salary, benefits, fair treatment,
opportunity for advancement, and supervision. The items with moderate correlation were
appreciation (from management),interest (from intrinsic aspects of job),job security and
intrinsic aspects of job(excluding ease).The job satisfaction items with lowest correlation
were working conditions(excluding hours),social aspects of job, and communication. So
it clearly indicates the importance of salary, benefit, fair treatment, opportunity for

24

advancement and a good supervision in increasing the positive emotional attachment to

the organisation.
6. Regression analysis revealed that job satisfaction had a significant impact on
Organizational commitment. Job satisfaction was found to have a significant positive
impact on affective commitment, explaining 67.0% of the variation in affective
commitment. Thus, when job satisfaction increases, affective commitment would tend to
increase with it. Job satisfaction was not found to have a significant impact on
continuance commitment, explaining only 1.2% of the variation in continuance
commitment. Thus, when job satisfaction increases, continuance commitment would be
expected to slightly decrease with it. Job satisfaction was found to have a significant
positive impact on normative commitment, explaining 35.1% of the variation in
normative commitment. Thus, when job satisfaction increases, normative commitment
would tend to increase with it, but less so than affective commitment.
It is the interest of all organization to secure commitment and reduce employee turnover.
So this topic has attracted the interest of many researchers. This study confirms the
relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. So managers need
to make effort to develop human resource policies that are in alignment to the needs and
motivation of the employees. The findings of this study have pointed out some salient
issues in the IT field. It is imperative for IT company management to meet the demands
of their personnel to strengthen their motivation, satisfaction, and commitment to
minimize turnover.

3.2 EMPLOYEE'S SATISFACTION IN AIR INDIA-CASE STUDY IN

AIRLINES INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Employee satisfaction is the terminology used to describe whether employees are happy,
contented and fulfilling their desires and needs at work. Many measures support that
employee satisfaction is a factor in employee motivation, employee goal achievement,
and positive employee morale in the workplace. Employee satisfaction, while generally a
positive in the organization, can also be a downer if mediocre employees stay because
they are satisfied with work environment.Happy employees are productive
employees.Happy employees are not productive employees. We hear these conflicting
25

statements made by HR professionals and managers in organizations. There is confusion

and debate among practitioners on the topic of employee attitudes and job satisfaction
even at a time when employees are increasingly important for organizational success and
competitiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide greater understanding
of the research on this topic and give recommendations related to the major practitioner
knowledge gaps.
Importance of the Study
Importance of employee satisfaction for organization
Enhance employee retention.
Increase productivity.
Increase customer satisfaction
Reduce turnover, recruiting, and training costs.
Enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty.
More energetic employees.
Improve teamwork.
Higher quality products and/or services due to more competent, energized employees.
Importance of employee satisfaction for employee
Employ will believe that the organization will be satisfying in the long run
They will care about the quality of their work.
They will create and deliver superior value to the customer.
They are more committed to the organization.
Their works are more productive.
Significance of the Study
In today's highly competitive economy, innovative ideas and brilliant employees are key
factors to remaining ahead of competitors. By effectively utilizing the power of talented
people, firms may achieve solid results and develop a highly productive work force
(Harrington, 2003). The level of performance of employees relies not only on their actual
skills but also on the level of motivation each person exhibits (Burney 2000). Motivation
is an inner drive or an external inducement to behave in some particular way, typically a
way that will lead to rewards (Dessler, 1978). Over-achieving, talented employees are the
26

driving force of all firms so it is essential that organizations strive to motivate and hold
on to the best employees (Harrington, 2003). Employee commitment, productivity and
retention issues are emerging as the most critical workforce management challenges of
the immediate future, driven by employee loyalty concerns, corporate restructuring
efforts and tight competition for key talent. For many firms, surprise employee
departures can have a significant effect on the execution of business plans and may
eventually cause a parallel decline in productivity. This phenomenon is especially true in
light of current economic uncertainty and following corporate downsizings when the
impact of losing critical employees increases exponentially (Caplan and Teese, 1997;
Ambrose, 1996; Noer, 1993).
People dont quit companies, they quit bosses. (Kaye and Jordan-Evans, 1999). By
focusing on leadership, organizations improve employee retention (Buckingham and
Coffman, 1999). Yu (1999) reported that in order to reduce labor turnover and retain
productive employees, management has to improve working conditions and keep the
employees properly motivated. Employee motivation, therefore, is an important
determinant of performance at the workplace (Houkes 2002). Organisations may differ in
the priority they attach to the human resource component, in their efforts toward
achieving high productivity and competitive advantage, yet they all recognise the value
of a qualified, motivated, stable, and responsive team of employees (Huselid,
1995). Morrell, Loan-Clarke and Wilkinson (2001) argue, there is yet no universally
accepted account or framework for why people choose to leave. According to Maritz
(1995) excellent organisations begin with excellent leadership and unfortunately the
reverse is also true. He argues that some leaders believe the performance of an
organisation depends upon the quality of its personnel. He claims that this is a flawed
premise for, in reality, it is the quality of the organisations leadership, which will dictate
whether or not the talents and commitment of its people will become manifest and
expressed in the work of the organisation.
Scope of the Study
Building a knowledge base on what causes an employee to choose to leave an
organization gives organizations the opportunity to curtail voluntary turnover and /or to
manage the turnover process more effectively. Aspects of the work environment and

27

employee retention strategies can then be created. Very little research exists on the topic
of retention, attrition, or job satisfaction in home electric appliances industry of Turkey.
Presently, there is no system in place in Air India Ltd to determine which personnel leave
the profession or why they leave; the numbers can only be speculated.
This study could provide groundwork for possible changes in the reward strategy of Air
India Ltd by analyzing the factors that lead to job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction and
by making recommendations at both departmental and organizational levels to enhance
the retention of Air India Ltd employees.
Rationale of the study
The main scope of this study is to ascertain the effectiveness of employees satisfaction
and various methods to increase the sales volume of the concern. The methods include
regular information to the buyers creating a brand position in the market and taking
measures to make the brand remain in its position. One of the important aspects of this
study is also to increase the market segment for the product.
Objectives

To measure the employee job satisfaction level.

To study the employees perception towards the organisation.

To study the attitude of employees towards their works.

To identify the factors that motivates the employees.

To give suggestions for the perspective of the company.

Expected contribution from study
Organisations are recognising the significant opportunity to improve the return on their
human resources investment by aligning reward plans with business strategy and
enhancing the value delivered to employees. This process is crucial to business success,
and the ability of the organisation to attract and retain top performers and critical-skill
employees, in an increasingly competitive environment.

3.3 FEMALE HOTEL STAFF FACE HIGH STRESS, LOW

JOB SATISFACTION
Female hotel staff are struggling to cope with high levels of stress, with married women
being worse affected due to the pressures of trying to maintain a home:workplace

28

balance, according to the results of a research study by Dr Sheeba Hamid of Aligarh

Muslim University in Aligarh, India.
One of several interesting and creative pieces of research presented at the Asia-Pacific
Council on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education (APacCHRIE) annual
academic conference in Hong Kong earlier this month, the study says: Heavy schedules
and tighter deadlines at hotel and home both are telling on the health of married women
workers. They are becoming prone to restlessness and insomnia. The major cause
identified in the study for these problems is domestic stress.
Although the scope of the study was only confined to hotels in Delhi, its results have
worldwide applicability because they highlight a relatively unseen aspect of the global
tourism boom under the external veneer of the PR spin and glamorous branding image
lies a high-stress lifestyle of overwork, low-pay and high-pressure. Although other
research studies have dwelt more gnerically on the links between stress and job
satisfaction, as well as stress-related illnesses, this study focussed more clearly on the
relationship between levels of stress and job satisfaction among female hotel personnel
on the basis of their marital, parental and managerial status.
Said the study, Research regarding stress and job satisfaction in hospitality industry in
India is an understudied topic. Delhi has witnessed tremendous boom in hotel industry in
recent years especially after hosting Commonwealth Games in 2010. As the competitive
pressure increases, the hotel staff is bound to face plenty of stress in the wake of tighter
deadlines, heavier schedules, new projects, pressure to perform at peak levels all the time,
expansion of technology resulting in heightened expectation of productivity, constant
alertness and following a non-failing star hotel work culture.
Even though women comprise 40% 45% of star hotels workforce in Delhi, research
literature on them is practically negligible, the study said. It was also noticeable
during the survey that women are largely visible at non-managerial positions as opposed
to managerial positions in star hotels at Delhi. Women workers are mostly visible in guest
relations and human resource departments. Managerial positions are mostly occupied by
them in housekeeping, essentially considered to be a female forte and occasionally in
guest relations and human resource department. This brings out the fact as stated by (Taj,

29

2010) that Indian males in the workplace continue to recycle the stereotype images of
women.
In addition to desk research, discussions and interviews, a structured questionnaire was
served to different categories of women workers in 40 star-rated Delhi hotels. Out of 330
questionnaires distributed, surprisingly 308 were returned. Six were rejected on the basis
of inadequate information. Dr Hamid wrote, The response to the study was encouraging
and leads (the researcher) to believe that women in India are slowly learning to become
vocal about what they want and deserve both at home and workplace. In order to
monitor the variation among responses of different categories respondents, chi-square
test was used according to requirement and suitability.
Categorisation
The study categorised the respondents thus: A: Unmarried; B: Married, with children; C:
Married, without children; D: Unmarried, managerial status; E: Married, without
children, managerial status; F: Married, with children, managerial status.
It said, Todays fast paced lifestyle calls for managing high levels of competition, stress,
tension and work/life balance. The high price to pay for this lifestyle wreaks havoc on
human minds and results in stressed-out individuals. People are not able to manage all the
demands on them and buckle under pressure. Stress brings failure and failure brings more
stress which becomes a vicious cycle, eventually resulting in falling performance.
As further pointed out by the author, the individual member goes through humiliation as
he is not able to match the performance level of others and since performance alone is the
key for any hike in salary or winning an award, under performance at work leads to low
level of morale and job satisfaction.
Although men and women both have proved their mettle in the corporate world globally
but the fact remains that women are in the minority and invisible to quite an extent in
leadership roles in India. They also face pressure of social and role constraints imposed
upon them by society, family and quite surprisingly by women themselves. This is
because women in India are still juggling between being man on the job and the
otherwise conventional role of a homemaker. There is no kudos for her exemplary
performance at work unless she is a perfect wife, mother and daughter and so on. Another
social reality in India is that there is an increased need for womens earnings consequent

30

upon rise in family expenses. She has been readily accepted as co-breadwinner but not
yet unburdened from her exclusive domestic responsibilities.
Heavy Workload
Concluded Dr Hamid, It is evident that category B and F have registered high degree
of domestic stress and most of them find it difficult to manage domestic and professional
responsibilities without any stress. However, employees of other categories are facing
lesser domestic stress as they have lesser domestic responsibilities. From the responses,
category B, C and F have confronting domestic and professional commitments. On
the other hand, remaining categories are less affected by work/life conflict.
It is clear from the statistical information that majority of category B, C and F find
it difficult to face the challenge of their hotel job and domestic responsibilities due to
heavy workload at both the fronts. Women employees of other categories rarely face such
a conflicting situation. Women workers from category B, C and F strongly feel that
their efficiency at work could be more if they can get more support from home.
Therefore it is indicative that domestic stress is adversely affecting the workplace
responsibilities of most of the married women workers in star hotels at Delhi. The other
categories under reference are less affected by domestic stress. However, it is universal
that domestic stress and workers efficiency are negatively correlated.
Dr Hamid wrote that most of the respondents in category B, C and F feel that they
are caught in a vicious circle. Degree of stress is highest in case of category F. It is
lowest in case of category A. Married women workers are more stressed than unmarried
women workers. Furthermore, category F is more stressed than category E. Category
D has also shown some symptoms of work related stress.
The survey cited 81 respondents from category B who said they are unable to sleep. 60
respondents of category C are facing the problem of restlessness and insomnia and all
respondents from category F have shown these symptoms. Category A has shown least
symptoms of stress. The degree of stress in married women workers is more in
comparison to unmarried women workers. The same is true in case of category E and
category B and C.
Keeping the House, Not Housekeeping

31

The survey said that majority of category B respondents show signs of low level of selfesteem and job satisfaction. Category C has also registered the same pattern of feelings
regarding job satisfaction and self-esteem. Out of 37 workers under category F, 6
workers have not shown high level of job satisfaction and high level of self-esteem.
Women workers of all categories except category A are experiencing low level of self
esteem and low level of job satisfaction, the survey showed. Most of unmarried women
workers in star hotels at Delhi have registered negative responses regarding low level of
job satisfaction. However, 75% women workers in category B have agreed that they feel
held back in their professional life. 57 women workers in category C have expressed
similar views.
The research study added, :Literature regarding working women in the Indian scenario
supports that women still face gender-bias and continue to do the softer jobs. This is
evident in the results of the study. Secondly, (the fact that) they have to struggle hard to
prove their worth at home and workplace is substantiated by the result of the study that
all married women workers have reported overload of responsibilities owing to their
status as working women. The success of a woman is mapped by the way she keeps her
house and not the housekeeping she does at the hotel.
She said the need to address this issue becomes imperative as negative emotions can have
a negative impact on job performance and eventually job satisfaction. Further research
needs to be done to evolve effective stress management techniques for married women
workers in star hotels at Delhi and especially for those who have parental/managerial
status or both.
Suggested solutions
According to Dr Hamid, Stress levels can be controlled through effective relaxation
techniques. In order to build physical and emotional resilience, married women workers
need to take charge of their emotions and time both. They have to become conscious of
their state of mind and spend time on activities that can help in beating fatigue. Such
activities can be:
Indulging in physical exercise/yoga/sports which aid good health and positivity of
attitude. This can be done either at home or even at the hotel.

32

 Allotting a relaxation time for them in daily schedule, and indulging in activities that
can provide a sense of joy and happiness. It could be listening to music, reading a book or
gardening. Such activities can make the married women worker a well oiled engine to
meet the rough road ahead.
Humor is said to be a great stress reliever. Sharing jokes, reading funny storybooks or
watching comedy shows on television can be a good idea. Even watching cartoon
channels with children at home can be an effective way to recharge them.
Follow an action plan. When one is better organized, ones efficiency increases. Making
a daily schedule, making a list of activities and prioritizing them should be done on
regular basis. Carrying personal problems to work and thinking about work at home is the
worst thing to do. Spending quality and fruitful time at hotel and home both is strongly
advised to married women workers.
Better time-management can be displayed by securing family support. Married women
workers should make their children more responsible and should not hesitate to ask for
spousal help in domestic chores. In Indian context, even today, home is the special or at
times exclusive responsibility of the woman. Married women workers need to influence
this mindset and tending the house should become the joint duty of both the partners.
Married women workers should learn to make a simple thing like laying out the dinner
table, an enjoyable and continued family affair.
Employee Counseling Cell/Employee Assistance Programs with a woman counselor on
board for assistance in sorting out work/life conflicts amongst women employees. If
women workers get a chance to voice their personal/professional concerns in a
confidential manner then they can feel relaxed. Also they can get sound advises from a
counselor that can help them sort out their day to day issues. Married women workers are
recommended to try and secure top management commitment and support for such
programs.

33

4. FIVE WAYS TO IMPROVE EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION

Many employers often feel that they should master the art of happiness.Employee
satisfaction is a key for business success as employees mirror the company to the world.
The attitude of your employees tells the moral of your firm and only happy employees
can reflect a good picture of your company to the public. Compensation plays a big role
in job satisfaction; however, not everything depends on it. Certain small, inexpensive
changes can bring in a long-term effect on the satisfaction levels of your employees.
Hence it's highly important that employers work on areas to improve employee
contentment and here are some tips you can apply.
1. Enforce Minimum Constraints on Your Employees
The more restrictions you put on the freedom of your employees, more the level of job
satisfaction deteriorates. The sense of control over their daily activities will negatively
affect the output. Employers can expect better performance when employees are given
adequate freedom over their schedules and work habits. The modern corporate work
scenario offers many flexible methods and employees should be given enough
opportunities to experiment and figure out the best working method to follow. Creating a
method where work-life balance is well managed will help to improve the satisfaction
level.
2. Make Your Employees Feel Valued
You can expect loyalty from your employees when you make them feel valued in your
organization. Earn their trust by keeping your promises. Treat them with respect and be
ready to listen to them. The best part of job satisfaction comes when you recognize and
reward their valuable services. A good relationship naturally develops when you
appreciate their inputs in the decision-making process. Treat all your employees fairly
and impartially so that everyone feels they are valued in the organization.

34

3. Encourage Social Connections

Happiness is a byproduct of adequate positive socialization. Employers should encourage
improved interaction among the employees of the organization. Social relations should be
promoted by providing an office environment that fosters communication. You should
look at the different options such as arranging workstations or team outings to provide
enough platforms for employees to interact and get to know each other. Out of office
socialization also offers to be a great forum for interaction that encourages employees to
develop relationships outside the office which promotes the company in a positive way.
4. Promote Career Development
Employees would enjoy working in an atmosphere that offers career growth. Jobs are not
merely a source of income but rather a venue for learning and growth. Employers should
be open to spend on training and workshops for their employees. You can develop a sense
of belonging in your employees when you provide them with adequate opportunities to
expand their skills and responsibilities. Sans these steps, employees will get bored and
lose their motivation.
5. Develop Effective Employee Benefit Strategies
The benefits of effective employee benefit strategies are enormous. It involves
competitive compensation and favorable benefits. There should be a proper evaluation
policy to promote adequate appraisals. Employees are to be appreciated for their
outstanding performances through adequate incentives or rewards. Further more,
programs like promoting good health and reducing the commuting stress are really
important. Poor health not only damages employees, but is detrimental to businesses as
well. The severe stress from long and arduous travel makes employees feel frustrated and
powerless. Adequate programs should be designed to address these problems.

35

SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUGGESTIONS

Highly educated and experience people should be recruited.

Salary is the most important factor considered in teacher satisfaction. So

Company employees should be given good salary.

Company employees performance should be appraised from time to time so that

organization can come to know about the efficiency of the organization.

According to their performance, they should be given incentives.

Work should be assigned according to the qualification of the Company

employees.

Organization should try to adopt certain measures to enhance team spirit and coordination among the Company employees.

Management of the Insurance industry should be friendly with the Company

employees.

Training and development programmes should be conducted from time to time so

that Company employees does not get bored from their job.

RECOMMENDATION

Managers should recognize that a certain amount of conflict will almost always
exist between professional and hierarchical authority and control systems. The
key is to transform this conflict into motivation by structurally insulating these
workers from organization pressure, while simultaneously making them aware of
the importance that their work holds for the firms well being and its continued
competitive advantages.

They should recognize that managing high-technology and professional Company

employees is significantly different from managing non-professionals have a
different set of values and characteristics, which have been gained through their

36

socialization in the technical specialty. Managers need to be cognizant of those

values and characteristics if they are not anticipate tension points and enhance the
fit between the individual and the job. .

They should study the change process and learn from their experiences from
change owing to internal and external factors, including departures from tradition,
new leaders with new visions, crisis or other starting events, key decisions on the
part of senior management, or tests, of their infrastructure ability to accommodate
change. Firm also change because of change. But professionals and other hightech workers must clearly see the need for change, otherwise, they may not
support the change, or they may even sabotage it, therefore communication must
be reemphasized.

They should design jobs and work relationship to take advantage of technical
specialties. For example, rotating professionals through multiple role and job
responsibilities can sensitize them to new ides and opportunities.

They should establish career sensitive tracking systems so that career

development becomes an integrated part of their firm practices.

They should utilize a menu of salient relevant that are relevant for high tech and
professional workers. These reminders ideally should be linked to performance,
but in some culture they might be liked so effort, risk taking, or other relevant
behaviors.

37

CONCLUSION
Every employee will work for his own and for the success of organizations growth. The
reason why job satisfaction is important is that it motivates other co-workers to be active
in their job to carry on the success of their organization. The managers will have to look
at the profits of their organization as well as have to focus on the employees well being
who are laying the foundation for the growth of their organization. The manager at the
top most level must have to eradicate the atrocity of paying more work load to the
employees. Surely a well focused manager or boss must have to implements the standards
for improving the satisfaction level of employees. In the sense it makes the employees get
more involved in their job, typically we can say it as a job involvement. Once employees
get involved in their job they can easily maintain their psychological emotions and assure
of success in their work life balance also. The key factor is to maintain the employee
interest in his particular job. The deviation of mind set of the employee surely brings
destruction to the organization. Every step taken by the manager for the growth and
productivity of the organization has to reflect the source of the satisfaction to the
employee. On the other side which may be a money factor or promotion or other benefits.
To develop a healthy organizational environment, employees must feel happiness in their
job. A famous say "Happy Workers are Productive Workers" will surely have to take
place in every organization. Different environment in the organization seem to be a
challenging task for an employee to fit to the conditions. But the interesting fact is that it
gives them opportunity to get variety of job tasks, training, work hours and control on
their tasks. As compared to the routine tasks this will surely bring satisfaction to most of
the employees who feel.
The other thing that an employee values most is the compensation and benefits. Money
does not motivate people. But he should have to get reward for his job done. Employees
working in shifts are expecting such benefits. But once comfortable living is reached the
need for job satisfaction gets vanished. Jobs that are compensated handsomely have
average job satisfaction level no higher than those that are paid much less.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Job Satisfaction: A key to establishing a healthy Organizational Environment

http://www.indianmba.com/Faculty_Column/FC1351/fc1351.html

Employee's Satisfaction In Air India-Case Study In Airlines Industry In India

http://mbaprojectreportindia.blogspot.in/2013/05/employees-satisfaction-in-airindia.html

Factor That Would Help In Increasing Job Satisfaction Of Indian And Indian
Managers
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Factor_that_would_help_in_increasing_job_satisfaction_o
f_Indian_and_Indian_Managers

JOB SATISFACTION: WHAT MONEY CAN'T BUY

http://www.financialexpress.com/news/job-satisfaction-what-money-cantbuy/1124025/0

OB SATISFACTION OVER SALARY FOR INDIANS

http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/mar/13jobs2.htm

Female Hotel Staff Face High Stress, Low Job Satisfaction

http://www.travel-impact-newswire.com/2011/06/study-female-hotel-staff-face-highstress-low-job-satisfaction/#ixzz2eNReywNt

Ways To Improve Employee Satisfaction

http://www.siliconindia.com/shownews/Five_ways_to_improve_employee_satisfactio
n-nid-83679-cid-1.html

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