PTT vs. PT ... PTT has T on INside - PTT evaluates INtrinsic pathway
(i.e. P "T" T)
Fluroquinolones hurt the attachments to yo bones.
PANCREATITIS
BAD SH*T
B black scorpion bite
A alcohol
D drug (sulfur,tetacys, azothioprin)
S stones
H hyperlipidemia
* idiopathic
T trauma
ENDOCARDITIS= FAME
F ever A nemia M urmur E ndocarditis
Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most."
Describes the 12 Cranial Nerves. If the word begins in M = motor, S = sensory, B = both. (ie:
Cr1 = sensory, Cr2 = sensory..etc.).
Anatomy
Cranial Nerves
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
On
Old
Olympus
Towering
Tops
A
Finn
And
German
Viewed
Astounding
Hops
Some
Say
Marry
Money
But
My
Brother
Says
Big
Breasts
Matter
Most
Oh
Oh
Oh
To
Touch
And
Feel
A
Girl's
Vagina
And
Hymus
Sensory
Sensory
Motor
Motor
Both
Motor
Both
Sensory
Both
Both
Motor
Motor
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
Extraocular muscles
LR6 - SO4 - R3
LR6 Lateral Rectus
SO4 Superior Oblique
Remaining eyeball
R3
movers
VI abducens
IV trochlear
III oculomotor
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Eating CReoLe
Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Eating CRaB
Brevis
Eating Dog
Extensor Digitorum
Eating Dog's Mother Extensor Digiti Minimi
Even Cathy's
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Underwear
Great vessels
ABC'S of the aortic arch:
Aortic arch, Brachiocephalic trunk, the left common Carotid, and
the left Subclavian artery
Thoracic duct
The duck is between two gooses:
duck = thoracic duct
2 gooses = azyGOUS vein and esophaGOUS
Order of structures in groin (from lateral to medial)
NAVEL
Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty space, Lymphatics
Muscles inserting into humerus
A lady between two majors
Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip of bicipital groove, the teres major
attaches to medial lip of bicipital groove, and the latissimus dorsi
attaches to the floor of bicipital groove.
The "lati" is between two "majors"
Pectoral nerves
"Lateral is less, medial is more"
Lateral pectoral nerve goes through pectoralis major, while medial
pectoral nerve goes though both pectoralis major and minor.
Carpal bones
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezoid, Trapezium, Capitate,
Hamate.
Gluteal Muscles
Rhmye Time: "Tensor Fasciae Latae, Gluteus Med &
Min...first abduct the femur, then rotate it in."
All other gluteal muscles are lateral rotators of the femur.
BONUS: Tensor Fasciae Latae, Gluteus Minimus, and
Gluteus Maximus are all innervated by the Inferior Gluteal Nerve.
Radial nerve
"BEST"
It innervates the Brachioradialis, Extensors, Supinator, Triceps.
Median nerve
"LOAF"
It innervates the Lateral 2 Lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor
pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis.
Brachial Plexus Lesions
"DR. CUMA"
D - wrist Drop (is caused by...)
R - Radial nerve lesion
C - Claw hand (is caused by...)
U - Ulnar nerve lesion
M - Median nerve (lesion causes...)
A - Ape hand
Medial Malleolus
From Anterior to Posterior: "Tall Damsels Are Never Very
Happy"
Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, posterior
tibial Artery, tibialNerve, saphenous Vein, flexor Hallucis longus tendon
Spleen
1,3,5,7,9,11
It measures 1x3x5 inches, weighs 7 ounces and lies between ribs 9-11.
Histology
Blood Constituents
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas:
Neutrophils, Leukocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
Epidermis
Brent Spiner Gained Lieutenant Commander
or
Grandpa Shagged Grandmas Love Child:
Basale/Germinativum, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum
Collagen Types
Embryology
Biochemistry
Glycolysis
Goodness Lateral Rectus
Gracious Superior Oblique
Father
Fructose-6-P
Franklin Fructose-1,6-diP
Did
Dihydroxyacetone-P
Go
Glyceraldehyde-P
By
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
Picking 3-phosphoglycerate
Pumkins 2-phosphoglycerate
PrEPare Phosphoenolpyruvate [PEP]
Pies
Pyruvate
Pharmacology
Beta Adrenergic Receptor Distribution
Physiology
Adrenal Cortex
"Go Find Rex, Make Good Sex"
Glomerulosa, Fasiculata, Reticulata
Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, Sex hormones
Anterior Pituitary
FLAGTOP
F: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
L: Lutinizing Hormone
A: ACTH
G: Growth Hormone
T: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
O: MSH
P: Prolactin
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest and digest
Erythropoiesis
"Profitable Businesses Pollute Our Rural Environment"
Proerythroblast, Basophilic, Polychromatophilic, Orthochromatic,
Reticulocyte, Erythroblast
Fat-soluble Vitamins
ADEK
Vitamins A,D,E, and K
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Think of an exercising muscle for a rightward shift:
Exercising muscle is:
hot,
acidic (lactic acid),
hypercarbic,
and has increased 2,3-DPG.
It benefits from oxygen unloading from red blood cells
"Few T Bones Eaten At Arbys Need Seasoning Nowadays"
IL 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12
1 - Fever
2 - T cell stimulation
3 - Bone marrow stimulation
4 - IgE production
5 - IgA production
6 - Acute-phase reactant production
8 - Neutrophil attraction
10 - Stimulates Th2
12 - NK cell activation
I Fibrinogen
II Prothrombin
III Tissue factor
IV Calcium
V Proaccelerin, Labile factor
VI Unassigned Old name of Factor Va
VII Stable factor, proconvertin
VIII Antihemophilic factor A
IX Antihemophilic factor B or Christmas factor
X Stuart-Prower factor
XI Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
XII Hageman factor
XIII Fibrin-stabilizing factor
Mnemonics:
"Fresher's Party Tonight, Come Let's Sing And Call Seniors, Please Have Fun"
"Foolish People Try Climbing Long Slopes After Christmas, Some People Have Fallen"
"Fit Pants, Tight Collars, Loose American Shirts Are Cool Says Pretty Heroine Farah"
My favorite mnemonic is the pretty heroine one.. I drew it too :P
Sunglasses = Cool ;)
Here is how you draw the coagulation cascade:
Dunno how helpful this will be to others, but I simply could NOT just randomly memorize
the schedule (or I refused to), so I came up w/ this mnemonic a few min ago... I just wrote
this off memory, so I think it works
1) The mnemonic is to memorize them in the order I found logical (following a pattern, and
simply adding to the pattern as you go along).
2) The first two H's are in alphabetical order, in case you forget the order.
3) The double "M's" in the last word are to remind you of "MMR"
HHating PeDs Immunization/Vaccination MmeHMorizing (lol)
Hep B:....... 0, 2, 6
HiB: ......... 2, 4, 6, 12 - 15
Pneumo: ... 2, 4, 6, 12 - 15
DTaP:....... 2, 4, 6, 15 - 18, 4 - 6 yrs, Td X 10 yrs
IPV: ........ 2, 4, 6,............ 4 - 6 yrs
Varicella:.............. 12 - 15
MMR: .................. 12 - 15, 4 - 6 yrs
Hep A: ..... 2 yrs
Mening: ... 11 - 12 yrs (or school)
Or
First, make a chart with four columns. Label them BIRTH, 2mo, 4mo, and 6mo. In each
column, you will have 1 vaccination, 6 vaccinations, 5, and 6 respectively. (I just remember
1,6,5,6).
The only vaccine at birth is HEP B. At two months, you get Hep B, IPV, Dtap, Pneumo, Rota,
and Hib (6 vaccines). 4 months, you get all of them except Hep B (5 vaccines). 6 months
you get all of them, just remember Hep B and IPV can range anywhere from 6-18 months
(6 vaccines at 6 months, plus remembering the ranges for Hep B and IPV...this is why I
write them first!)
Hopefully that made sense.
Now I remember the letters H,P,M,D (I remember this by saying Hewlett Packard, M.D. (as
in doctor) haha.
Hib 12-15 months
Pneumo 12-18 mo
MMR 12-18 mo
Dtap 15-18 mo
I remember the numbers by saying that the first three have 12's on the right side, last
three have 18's on the left side, and 15s in the corners.
Now for 4-6years I remember DIM (as in Dtap, IPV, and MMR).
Or
My favorite one
Pneumoccoccal
6 Months DR Harry HIP
Dtap
Rotavirus
Hep B
Hib
IPV
Pneumococcal
12-15 Months Hewlett V, Packard MD
Hib
Varicella
Pneumococcal
MMR
Dtap
4-6 yrs. old I Did My Vaccinations
IPV
Dtap
MMR
Varicella
7-18 yrs. old Don't Have MoNey
Dtap
HPV
Meningicoccal
Or
Butch's Father Had a beautiful GOLD Watch
B- brutton's agammaglobulinemia
F - fabry's
H - hunter's/ hemophilia A and B
G - G6PD deficiency
O - ocular albinism
L - lesch-nyhan
D - Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
W- wiskott-aldrich
D - duchenne's muscular dystrophy
W- wiskott-aldrich
Autosomal recessive
Micro:
1.Urease + organisms"PUNCH":
Proteus,Ureaplasma,Nocardia,Cryptococci,Helicobacter
2.Oxidase + organisms"Pretty Vibrant Cut Necklaces":
Pseudomonas
Vibrio
Campylobacter
Neiserria
3.Bacteria with Capsules"Some Killers have pretty nice Big capsules"
Strep Pneumonia,Salmonella
Klebsiella
Hemophilus influenza
Psuedomonas,Pasturella
Neiserria
Bacteroides
Cryptococcus
4.Dimorphic Fungi
"Hello Brother,Cya Sister"
Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidiodes
Sporothrix
5.Bacteria with IGA proteases:
"HSN"(remember hsn.com!)
Hemophilus
Strep pneumonia
Neiserria
6.Immunization:
a.Killed Vaccines:
"RIP always"
Rabies
Influenza
Polio(salk)
A hepatitis
b.Live/attenuated vaccines:
"Mr.V.Z Mapsy"
Measles
Rubella
Varicella Zoster
Mumps
Adenovirus
Polio(sabin)
Yellow fever
7.DNA viruses:
" Amma has Pox, Papa has Parvo!"
Adeno
Herpes
Pox
Papova
Hepadna
Parvo
8.RNA viruses:
Positive sense:
"Call Pico & Flavi to come rightaway"
Calci
Picarno
Flavi
Toga
Corona
Retro
Negative sense:
"Pain results from our bunions always"
Paramyxo
rabies
filo
orthomyxo
bunya
arena
Miscellenous:
Hypersensitivity rxns:
"ACID":
Anaphylaxis
Cytotoxic
Immune complexes
Delayed Hypersensitivity
Biochem:
Essential Amino Acids:
"Pvt. TIM HALL"
Phenylalanine
Valine
Theronine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine
Co-factors for PDH and Alpha Ketoglutarate:
"Tender Loving care for Nancy"
TPP
Lipoic acid
Coenxyme A
FAD
NAD
ICO - sahedral
RNA - virus
11. Obligate Anaerobes are ABC : A - actinomyces
B - bacteroides
C - clostridium
12. RODS versus CONES...........roDs - D-im light
C-ones.........C-olor
13. LH versus FSH.................L- eydig F
H S-perm
H
14. CAROTID SINUS versus CAROTID BODY :
carotid S-inu-S..................pre-SS-ure
carotid b-O2-dy.................O2
15. Carbon Monoxide : CO blocks CO
carbonmonoxide blocks C-ytochrome O-xidase
Lingula location
LingULa = Left Upper Lobe
Serratus Anterior: nerve vs. blood
LoNg thoracic: Nerve
LAteral thoracic: Artery
Heres one of those things in pathology that will lead you to pull all your hair out: what is the difference
between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?
Ugh. They both involve the kidney, they both are syndromes so theyre probably both constellations of
findings, and the names are maddeningly similar except for one stinking vowel. How can a person be
expected to memorize these things?
Lets start with the main features of each syndrome. Well pick four features for each, since its really hard
to remember more than four of anything.
Nephrotic syndrome:
1. Massive proteinuria
2. Hypoalbuminemia
3. Edema
4. Hyperlipidemia/hyperlipiduria (Reason is when low albumin liver produces lipids to compensate)
Nephritic syndrome:
1. Hematuria
2. Oliguria
3. Azotemia
4. Hypertension
How do you make these lists hang together in a way that you can remember?
First, lets take nephrotic syndrome. The thing to remember for this one is massive proteinuria. You
might do this by remembering that nephrotic and protein both have an o in them. The massive
proteinuria in these patients leads to hypoalbuminemia (they are peeing out albumin!), which results in
edema (the oncotic pressure in the blood goes down, and fluid leaks out of the vasculature into the
surrounding tissue). So right there, you have three of the four features, just by remembering one. The
cause of the last feature, hyperlipidemia/hyperlipiduria, is less well-understood, so youre just going to
have to memorize that one. As an aside, nephrotic syndrome is often more dangerous than nephritic
syndrome, so you might want to think of this syndrome as the oh sh*t syndrome (again nephrotic has
an o in it, nephritic does not). Crude, but if it works, who cares?
In nephritic syndrome, there is some proteinuria and edema, but its not nearly as severe as in nephrotic
syndrome. The thing with nephritic syndrome is that the lesions causing it all have increased cellularity
within the glomeruli, accompanied by a leukocytic infiltrate (hence the suffix -itic). The inflammation
injures capillary walls, permitting escape of red cells into urine. Hemodynamic changes cause a decreased
glomerular filtration rate (manifested clinically as oliguria and azotemia). The hypertension seen in
nephritic syndrome is probably a result of fluid retention and increased renin released from ischemic
kidneys.
If you really want to pare it down if you only have enough brain space to remember one feature for each
disorder remember that nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria (the o in
nephrotic), and nephritic syndrome is characterized by inflammation (the -itic in nephritic). Then at
least youll have a shot at remembering the other features.