Boeing 777 Twinjet Airliner

Boeing777
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TheBoeing777isafamilyoflongrangewidebodytwinenginejetairlinersdevelopedand
manufacturedbyBoeingCommercialAirplanes.Itistheworld'slargesttwinjetandhasatypical
seatingcapacityfor314to451passengers,witharangeof5,235to9,380nauticalmiles(9,695to
17,372km).Commonlyreferredtoasthe"TripleSeven",[3][4]itsdistinguishingfeaturesincludethe
largestdiameterturbofanenginesofanyaircraft,sixwheelsoneachmainlandinggear,acircular
fuselagecrosssection,andabladeshapedtailcone.[5]Developedinconsultationwitheightmajor
airlines,the777wasdesignedtoreplaceolderwidebodyairlinersandbridgethecapacitydifference
betweenBoeing's767and747.AsBoeing'sfirstflybywireairliner,ithascomputermediated
controlsitisalsothefirstentirelycomputeraideddesignedcommercialaircraft.
The777isproducedintwofuselagelengthsasof2014.Theoriginal777200variantentered
commercialservicein1995,followedbytheextendedrange777200ERin1997.Thestretched777
300,whichis33.3ft(10.1m)longer,enteredservicein1998.Thelongerrange777300ERand777
200LRvariantsenteredservicein2004and2006respectively,whileafreighterversion,the777F,
debutedinFebruary2009.BothlongerrangeversionsandthefreighterfeatureGeneralElectricGE90
enginesandextendedrakedwingtips.Theearlier777200,200ERand300versionsareequipped
withGE90,Pratt&WhitneyPW4000orRollsRoyceTrent800engines.The777200LRisthe
world'slongestrangeairlinerandcanflymorethanhalfwayaroundtheglobeitholdstherecordfor
thelongestdistanceflownnonstopbyacommercialaircraft.[6][7]
UnitedAirlinesfirstplacedthe777intocommercialairlineserviceonJune7,1995.The777has
receivedmoreordersthananyotherwidebodyairlinerasofSeptember2014,60customershad
placedordersfor1,807aircraftofallvariants,with1,248delivered.[1]Themostcommonand
successfulvariantisthe777300ERwith490deliveredand722orders,[1]andEmiratesoperatesthe
largest777fleet,with138passengerandfreighteraircraftasofJuly2014.[8]The777hasbeen
involvedinfivehulllossaccidentsasofJuly2014theAsianaAirlinesFlight214accidentinJuly
2013wasitsfirstfatalcrashin18yearsofcommercialservice.
The777ranksasoneofBoeing'sbestsellingmodels.Airlineshaveacquiredthetypeasa
comparativelyfuelefficientalternativetootherwidebodyjetsandhaveincreasinglydeployedthe
aircraftonlonghaultransoceanicroutes.DirectmarketcompetitorsincludetheAirbusA330300,
upcomingAirbusA350XWB,andtheoutofproductionA340andMcDonnellDouglasMD11.The
787Dreamliner,whichenteredservicein2011,sharesdesignfeatureswiththe777.InNovember
2013,Boeingannouncedthedevelopmentofupgraded7778Xand7779Xmodels,collectively
named777X,featuringcompositewingsandGE9Xenginesandfurthertechnologiesdevelopedfor
the787.
Contents
1Development
1.1Background
1.2Designeffort
1.3Productionandtesting
1.4Entryintoservice
1.5Initialderivatives
1.6Longerrangemodels
1.7Productionupdates
1.8777Xprogram
2Design
2.1Flybywire
2.2Airframeandsystems
2.3Interior
3Variants
3.1777200
3.2777200ER
3.3777300
3.4777200LR
3.5777300ER
3.6777Freighter
Boeing777
Boeing777200ERofUnitedAirlines,thelaunch
customerofthe777
Role
Widebodyjetairliner
Nationalorigin UnitedStates
Manufacturer BoeingCommercialAirplanes
Firstflight
June12,1994
Introduction
June7,1995,withUnitedAirlines
Status
Inservice
Primaryusers Emirates
UnitedAirlines
AirFrance
SingaporeAirlines
Produced
1993present
Numberbuilt
1,239throughSeptember2014[1]
Unitcost
777200ER:US$261.5million[2]
777200LR:US$296.0million[2]
777300ER:US$320.2million[2]
777F:US$300.5million[2]
Developedinto Boeing777X
3.77778Xand9X
3.8Governmentandcorporate
4Operators
4.1Ordersanddeliveries
5Incidentsandaccidents
6Specifications
7Seealso
8References
8.1Citations
8.2Bibliography
9Externallinks
Development
Background
Intheearly1970s,theBoeing747,McDonnellDouglasDC10,andtheLockheedL1011TriStarbecamethefirstgenerationofwidebodypassenger
airlinerstoenterservice.[9]In1978,Boeingunveiledthreenewmodels:thetwinengineBoeing757toreplaceitsvenerable727,thetwinengine767to
challengetheAirbusA300,andatrijet777concepttocompetewiththeDC10andL1011.[10][11][12]Themidsize757and767launchedtomarket
success,dueinpartto1980sextendedrangetwinengineoperationalperformancestandards(ETOPS)regulationsgoverningtransoceanictwinjet
operations.[13]Theseregulationsallowedtwinengineairlinerstomakeoceancrossingsatuptothreehours'distancefromemergencydiversionary
airports.[14]UnderETOPSrules,airlinesbeganoperatingthe767onlongdistanceoverseasroutesthatdidnotrequirethecapacityoflargerairliners.[13]
Thetrijet777waslaterdropped,followingmarketingstudiesthatfavoredthe757and767variants.[15]Boeingwasleftwithasizeandrangegapinits
productlinebetweenthe767300ERandthe747400.[16]
Bythelate1980s,DC10andL1011modelswereapproachingretirementage,promptingmanufacturerstodevelopreplacementdesigns.[17]McDonnell
DouglaswasworkingontheMD11,astretchedandupgradedsuccessoroftheDC10,[17]whileAirbuswasdevelopingtheirA330andA340.[17]In
1986,Boeingunveiledproposalsforanenlarged767,tentativelynamed767X,[18]totargetthereplacementmarketforfirstgenerationwidebodieslike
theDC10,[14]andtocomplementexisting767and747modelsinthecompanylineup.[19]Theinitialproposalfeaturedalongerfuselageandlargerwings
thantheexisting767,[18]alongwithwinglets.[20]Laterplansexpandedthefuselagecrosssectionbutretainedtheexisting767flightdeck,nose,andother
elements.[18]
Airlinecustomerswereunimpressedwiththe767Xproposals,andinsteadwantedanevenwiderfuselagecrosssection,fullyflexibleinterior
configurations,shorttointercontinentalrangecapability,andanoperatingcostlowerthanany767stretch.[14]Airlineplanners'requirementsforlarger
aircrafthadbecomeincreasinglyspecific,addingtotheheightenedcompetitionamongaircraftmanufacturers.[17]By1988,Boeingrealizedthattheonly
answerwasanewdesign,whichbecamethe777twinjet.[21]Thecompanyoptedforthetwinengineconfigurationgivenpastdesignsuccesses,projected
enginedevelopments,andreducedcostbenefits.[22]OnDecember8,1989,Boeingbeganissuingofferstoairlinesforthe777.[18]
Designeffort
ThedesignphaseforBoeing'snewtwinjetwasdifferentfromthecompany'spreviouscommercialjetliners.For
thefirsttime,eightmajorairlinesAllNipponAirways,AmericanAirlines,BritishAirways,CathayPacific
Airways,DeltaAirLines,JapanAirlines,Qantas,andUnitedAirlineshadaroleinthedevelopmentofthe
airliner.[23]Thiswasadeparturefromindustrypractice,wheremanufacturerstypicallydesignedaircraftwith
minimalcustomerinput.[11]TheeightairlinesthatcontributedtothedesignprocessbecameknownwithinBoeing
asthe"WorkingTogether"group.[23]AtthefirstgroupmeetinginJanuary1990,a23pagequestionnairewas
distributedtotheairlines,askingeachwhatitwantedinthenewdesign.[14]ByMarch1990,Boeingandthe
airlineshaddecideduponabasicdesignconfiguration:acabincrosssectionclosetothe747's,capacityupto325
passengers,flexibleinteriors,aglasscockpit,flybywirecontrols,and10percentbetterseatmilecoststhanthe
A330andMD11.[14]BoeingalsoselecteditsEverettfactoryinWashington,homeof747production,asthefinal
assemblysiteforthe777.[24]
GlasscockpitofaTransaeroAirlines
777200ER
OnOctober14,1990,UnitedAirlinesbecamethe777'slaunchcustomerwhenitplacedanorderfor34Pratt&Whitneypoweredaircraftvaluedat
US$11billionwithoptionsonanadditional34.[25][26]ThedevelopmentphasecoincidedwithUnited'sreplacementprogramforitsagingDC10s.[27]
Unitedrequiredthatthenewaircraftbecapableofflyingthreedifferentroutes:ChicagotoHawaii,ChicagotoEurope,andnonstopfromDenver,ahot
andhighairport,toHawaii.[27]ETOPScertificationwasalsoapriorityforUnited,[28]giventheoverwaterportionofUnited'sHawaiiroutes.[25]In
January1993,ateamofUniteddevelopersjoinedotherairlineteamsandBoeingdesignersattheEverettfactory.[29]The240designteams,withupto40
memberseach,addressedalmost1,500designissueswithindividualaircraftcomponents.[30]ThefuselagediameterwasincreasedtosuitCathayPacific,
thebaselinemodelgrewlongerforAllNipponAirways,andBritishAirways'inputledtoaddedbuiltintestingandinteriorflexibility,[14]alongwith
higheroperatingweightoptionsforthebasicaircraft.[31]
The777wasthefirstcommercialaircraftdesignedentirelyoncomputer.[19][25][32]EachdesigndrawingwascreatedonathreedimensionalCAD
softwaresystemknownasCATIA,sourcedfromDassaultSystemesandIBM.[33]Thisletsengineersassembleavirtualaircraft,insimulation,tocheck
forinterferenceandverifythatthethousandsofpartsfitproperlythusreducingcostlyrework.[34]Boeingdevelopedtheirownhighperformance
visualizationsystem,FlyThru,latercalledIVT(IntegratedVisualizationTool)tosupportlargescalecollaborativeengineeringdesignreviews,
productionillustrations,andotherusesoftheCADdataoutsideofengineering.[35]BoeingwasinitiallynotconvincedofCATIA'sabilitiesandbuilta
physicalmockupofthenosesectiontoverifyitsresults.Thetestwassosuccessfulthatadditionalmockupswerecanceled.[36]
Productionandtesting
Theproductionprocessincludedsubstantialinternationalcontent,withanunprecedentedlevelofglobalsubcontractingforaBoeingjetliner,[37]exceeded
onlybythelater787.[38]InternationalcontributorsincludedMitsubishiHeavyIndustriesandKawasakiHeavyIndustries(fuselagepanels),[39]Fuji
HeavyIndustries,Ltd.(centerwingsection),[39]HawkerdeHavilland(elevators),andAerospaceTechnologiesofAustralia(rudder).[40]Anagreement
betweenBoeingandtheJapanAircraftDevelopmentCorporation,representingJapaneseaerospacecontractors,madethelatterrisksharingpartnersfor
20percentoftheentiredevelopmentprogram.[37]Theinitial777200modelwaslaunchedwithpropulsionoptionsfromthreemanufacturers,General
Electric,Pratt&Whitney,andRollsRoyce,[41]givingtheairlinestheirchoiceofenginesfromcompetingfirms.[42]Eachmanufacturerhadagreedto
developanengineinthe77,000lbf(340kN)andhigherthrustclass(ameasureofjetengineoutput)topowertheworld'slargesttwinjet.[41]
Toaccommodateproductionofitsnewairliner,BoeingdoubledthesizeoftheEverettfactoryatthecost
ofnearlyUS$1.5billion[25]toprovidespacefortwonewassemblylines.[27]Newproduction
methodologiesweredeveloped,includingaturnmachinethatcouldrotatefuselagesubassemblies180
degrees,givingworkersaccesstoupperbodysections.[33]Majorassemblyofthefirstaircraftbeganon
January4,1993.[43]Bythestartofproduction,theprogramhadamassed118firmorders,withoptions
for95morefrom10airlines.[44]TotalinvestmentintheprogramwasestimatedatoverUS$4billion
fromBoeing,withanadditionalUS$2billionfromsuppliers.[45]
AnAirIndiaBoeing777200LRisrolledoutof
thepainthangarattheBoeingEverettFactory
OnApril9,1994,thefirst777,linenumberWA001,wasrolledoutinaseriesof15ceremoniesheld
duringthedaytoaccommodatethe100,000invitedguests.[46]ThefirstflighttookplaceonJune12,
1994,[47]underthecommandofchieftestpilotJohnE.Cashman.[48]Thismarkedthestartofan11
monthflighttestprogramthatwasmoreextensivethantestingforanypreviousBoeingmodel.[49]NineaircraftfittedwithGeneralElectric,Pratt&
Whitney,andRollsRoyceengines[47]wereflighttestedatlocationsrangingfromthedesertairfieldatEdwardsAirForceBaseinCalifornia[50]tofrigid
conditionsinAlaska,mainlyFairbanksInternationalAirport.[51]TosatisfyETOPSrequirements,eight180minutesingleenginetestflightswere
performed.[52]ThefirstaircraftbuiltwasusedbyBoeing'snondestructivetestingcampaignfrom1994to1996,andprovideddataforthe200ERand
300programs.[53]Atthesuccessfulconclusionofflighttesting,the777wasawardedsimultaneousairworthinesscertificationbytheU.S.Federal
AviationAdministration(FAA)andEuropeanJointAviationAuthorities(JAA)onApril19,1995.[47]
Entryintoservice
Boeingdeliveredthefirst777toUnitedAirlinesonMay15,1995.[54][55]TheFAAawarded180minuteETOPS
clearance("ETOPS180")forthePratt&WhitneyPW4084enginedaircraftonMay30,1995,makingitthefirst
airlinertocarryanETOPS180ratingatitsentryintoservice.[56]LongerETOPSclearanceof207minuteswas
approvedthefollowingOctober.[57]ThefirstcommercialflighttookplaceonJune7,1995,fromLondon
HeathrowAirporttoDullesInternationalAirportnearWashington,D.C.[58]
OnNovember12,1995,BoeingdeliveredthefirstmodelwithGeneralElectricGE9077BenginestoBritish
Airways,[59]whichplacedtheaircraftintoservicefivedayslater.[60]Initialservicewasaffectedbygearbox
bearingwearissues,whichcausedtheairlinetotemporarilywithdrawits777fleetfromtransatlanticservicein
1997.[60]BritishAirways'aircraftreturnedtofullservicelaterthatyear,[50]andGeneralElectricsubsequently
announcedengineupgrades.[50]
ThefirstBoeing777200in
commercialservice,UnitedAirlines'
N777UA,takingofffromAmsterdam
AirportSchipholin2005.
ThefirstRollsRoyceTrent877poweredaircraftwasdeliveredtoThaiAirwaysInternationalonMarch31,1996,[59]completingtheintroductionofthe
threepowerplantsinitiallydevelopedfortheairliner.[61]EachengineaircraftcombinationhadsecuredETOPS180certificationfromthepointofentry
intoservice.[62]ByJune1997,ordersforthe777numbered323from25airlines,includingsatisfiedlaunchcustomersthathadorderedadditional
aircraft.[47]Operationsperformancedataestablishedtheconsistentcapabilitiesofthetwinjetoverlonghaultransoceanicroutes,leadingtoadditional
sales.[63]By1998,the777fleethadapproached900,000flighthours.[64]Boeingstatesthatthe777fleethasadispatchreliability(rateofdeparturefrom
thegatewithnomorethan15minutesdelayduetotechnicalissues)above99percent.[65][66][67][68]
Initialderivatives
Aftertheoriginalmodel,Boeingdevelopedanincreasedgrossweightvariantofthe777200withgreaterrangeandpayloadcapability.[69]Initially
named777200IGW,[70]the777200ERfirstflewonOctober7,1996,[71]receivedFAAandJAAcertificationonJanuary17,1997,[72]andentered
servicewithBritishAirwaysonFebruary9,1997.[72]Offeringgreaterlonghaulperformance,thevariantbecamethemostwidelyorderedversionofthe
aircraftthroughtheearly2000s.[69]OnApril2,1997,aMalaysiaAirlines200ERnamed"SuperRanger"brokethegreatcircle"distancewithout
landing"recordforanairlinerbyflyingeastwardfromBoeingField,SeattletoKualaLumpur,adistanceof10,823nauticalmiles(20,044km),in21
hoursand23minutes.[64]
Followingtheintroductionofthe200ER,Boeingturneditsattentiontoastretchedversionoftheairliner.OnOctober16,1997,the777300madeits
firstflight.[71]At242.4ft(73.9m)inlength,the300becamethelongestairlineryetproduced(untiltheA340600),andhada20percentgreateroverall
capacitythanthestandardlengthmodel.[73]The300wasawardedtypecertificationsimultaneouslyfromtheFAAandJAAonMay4,1998,[74]and
enteredservicewithlaunchcustomerCathayPacificonMay27,1998.[71][75]
Fromthestartofthedevelopmentprogram,Boeinghadconsideredbuildingultralongrangevariants.[76]Earlyplanscenteredona777100X
proposal,[77]whichwouldhavebeenashortenedversionofthe200withreducedweightandincreasedrange,[77]
similartothe747SP.[78]However,the100Xwouldhavecarriedfewerpassengersthanthe200whilehaving
similaroperatingcosts,leadingtoahighercostperseat.[77][78]Bythelate1990s,designplansshiftedtolonger
rangeversionsofexistingmodels.[77]Amorepowerfulengineinthe100,000lbf(440kN)andhigherthrustclass
wasrequired,leadingtoactivediscussionsbetweenBoeingandtheenginemanufacturers.GeneralElectric
offeredtodeveloptheGE90115Bengine,[42]whileRollsRoyceproposeddevelopingtheTrent8104engine.[79]
In1999,BoeingannouncedanagreementwithGeneralElectric,beatingoutrivalproposals.[42]Aspartofthedeal
withGeneralElectric,BoeingagreedtheywouldonlyofferGE90enginesonnew777versions.[42]
AnAirNewZealand777200ERon
finalapproach
Longerrangemodels
OnFebruary29,2000,Boeinglauncheditsnextgenerationtwinjetprogram,[81]initiallycalled777X,[76]and
beganissuingofferstoairlines.[69]Developmentofthelongrangemodelswasslowedbytheairlineindustry
downturn,whichlastedthroughtheearly2000s.[71]Thefirstmodeltoemergefromtheprogram,the777300ER,
waslaunchedwithanorderfortenaircraftfromAirFrance,[82]alongwithadditionalcommitments.[69]On
February24,2003,the300ERmadeitsfirstflight,andtheFAAandEASA(EuropeanAviationSafetyAgency,
successortotheJAA)certifiedthemodelonMarch16,2004.[83]ThefirstdeliverytoAirFrancetookplaceon
April29,2004.[71]The300ER,whichcombinedthe300'saddedcapacitywiththe200ER'srange,becamethe
topselling777variantinthelate2000s,[84]gainingordersasairlinesreplacedcomparablefourenginemodels
withtwinjetsbecauseoftheirloweroperatingcosts.[85]
AGE90enginemountedona777
300ERwithaBoeingengineerto
showtheengine'ssize.AsingleGE90
enginehaspoweredGE'stest747
Thesecondlongrangemodel,the777200LR,rolledoutonFebruary15,2005,andcompleteditsfirstflighton
March8,2005.[71]The200LRwascertifiedbyboththeFAAandEASAonFebruary2,2006,[86]andthefirst
duringflight. [80]
deliverytoPakistanInternationalAirlinesoccurredonFebruary26,2006.[87]OnNovember10,2005,thefirst
200LRsetarecordforthelongestnonstopflightofapassengerairlinerbyflying11,664nauticalmiles
(21,602km)eastwardfromHongKongtoLondon.[7]Lasting22hoursand42minutes,theflightsurpassedthe200LR'sstandarddesignrangeandwas
loggedintheGuinnessWorldRecords.[6][88]
Theproductionfreightermodel,the777F,rolledoutonMay23,2008.[89]Themaidenflightofthe777F,whichusedthestructuraldesignandengine
specificationsofthe200LR[90]alongwithfueltanksderivedfromthe300ER,[91]occurredonJuly14,2008.[92]FAAandEASAtypecertificationfor
thefreighterwasreceivedonFebruary6,2009,[93]andthefirstdeliverytolaunchcustomerAirFrancetookplaceonFebruary19,2009.[94][95]
Initiallysecondtothe747asBoeing'smostprofitablejetliner,[96]the777becamethecompany'smostlucrativemodelinthe2000s.[97]Programsales
accountedforanestimatedUS$400millionofBoeing'spretaxearningsin2000,US$50millionmorethanthe747.[96]By2004,theairlinercomprised
thebulkofwidebodyrevenuesfortheBoeingCommercialAirplanesdivision.[98]In2007,ordersforsecondgeneration777modelsapproached350
aircraft,[99]andinNovemberofthatyear,Boeingannouncedthatallproductionslotsweresoldoutto2012.[85]Theprogrambacklogof356orderswas
valuedatUS$95billionatlistpricesin2008.[100]
Productionupdates
In2010,Boeingannouncedplanstoincrease777productionfrom5aircraftpermonthto7aircraftpermonthbymid2011,and8.3permonthbyearly
2013.[101]Completeassemblyofeach777300ERrequires49days.[102]InNovember2011,Boeingbeganassemblyofthe1,000th777,a300ERmodel
forEmirates[102]theaircraftwasrolledoutinMarch2012.[103]Inlate2011,theFAAassignedacommontyperatingtothe787and777,allowingpilots
qualifiedoneitheraircrafttooperatebothmodels,duetorelateddesignfeatures.[104]Thesmaller787wasthefirststageofareplacementaircraft
initiativecalledtheBoeingYellowstoneProject.[105]Accordingtoindustryreports,the777couldeventuallybereplacedbyanewproductfamily,the
BoeingYellowstone3,whichwoulddrawupontechnologiesfromthe787.[99]
AnAllNipponAirways777300ER
takingoff
Bythelate2000s,the777wasfacingthepossibilityofincreasedcompetitionfromAirbus'plannedA350XWB
andinternallyfromproposedvariantsofthe787,[99]bothairlinersthatpromisefuelefficiencyimprovements.As
aconsequence,the777300ERreceivedanengineandaerodynamicsimprovementpackageforreduceddragand
weight.[106]In2010,thevariantfurtherreceiveda5,000lb(2,300kg)maximumzerofuelweightincrease,
equivalenttoahigherpayloadof2025passengersitsGE90115B1enginesreceiveda12.5percentthrust
enhancementforincreasedtakeoffweightsathigheraltitudeairports.[106]Moredesignchangesweretargetedfor
late2012,includingpossibleextensionofthewingspan,[106]alongwithothermajorchanges,includinga
compositewing,newpowerplant,anddifferentfuselagelengths.[106][107][108]Emirateswasreportedasworking
closelywithBoeingontheproject,withthepossibilityofbeingthelaunchcustomerfornewversionsofthe
777.[109]
InSeptember2011,Boeingreleasedmoredetailsonproposedthirdgeneration777versions,collectivelyreferredtoas777Xandtentativelydesignated
7778Xand7779X.[110]The7779Xwastofeatureafuselagestretchof7.0ft(2.13m)toatotallengthof250ft11in(76.5m)toaccommodate407
passengers,[111][112]whiletheultralongrange7778X,areplacementforthe777200LR,wasslatedtobe228.17ft(69.5m)inlength.[110]Wingspanfor
bothmodelswasexpectedtoincreasefromthecurrent212ft7in(64.8m)to234ft(71.3m),andincorporatetheuseofcarbonfiberreinforcedpolymer
initsconstruction.[91][110][111]InFebruary2012,GeneralElectricdisclosedstudiesonanewengine,dubbedtheGE9X,topowerthe777X.[113][114]
RollsRoyceandPratt&Whitneyalsoproposedpowerplantsforthe777X,includingtheRB3025concept,basedontheTrent1000andTrentXWB
engines,andanadaptationofPW1000Genginearchitecturetoproduceupto100,000lbf(440kN)ofthrust.[110]However,inMarch2013theGeneral
ElectricGE9Xwasselectedastheexclusiveenginetopowerthe777X.[115]
777Xprogram
InMay2013,Boeing'sboardofdirectorsgaveformalpermissionforitsCommercialAirplanesdivisiontostartofferingthe777Xtocustomers.[116]The
777Xprogramincludestwomodels:the7779X,whichisstretchedbeyondthelengthofthe777300ER,andthe7778X,whichissizedclosetothe
777300ERbutwithultralongrangecapability.[117]OnSeptember19,2013,Lufthansa'ssupervisoryboardgaveapprovaltoorder34Boeing7779X
aircrafttoreplacetheir747400s,inadvanceoftheprogram'sofficiallaunch.[118][119][120]InOctober2013,BoeingannouncedthatitsU.S.facilitiesin
Charleston,Huntsville,LongBeach,Philadelphia,andSt.LouisaswellasRussianfacilitiesinMoscowwouldsupportthe777Xdesigneffort.[121]
Boeingofficiallylaunchedthe777Xatthe2013DubaiAirshowinNovember2013,announcingatotalof259ordersandcommitmentsworthmorethan
US$95billion,[122][123]constitutingthelargestproductlaunchbydollarvalueinthehistoryofcommercialaviation.[124]Theseincludedordersfor150
aircraftfromEmirates,25aircraftfromEtihadAirways,and50aircraftfromQatarAirwaystheformertwoordersencompassboth7778Xand7779X
variantsandthelatterisentirelyforthe7779X.[117][122][125]ByApril2014,withcumulativesalessurpassingthoseofthe747,the777becamethebest
sellingwidebodyairlineratexistingproductionrates,theaircraftwasontracktobecomethemostdeliveredwidebodyairlinerbymid2016.[126]
Design
Boeingintroducedanumberofadvancedtechnologieswiththe777design,includingfullydigitalflybywire
controls,[127]fullysoftwareconfigurableavionics,HoneywellLCDglasscockpitflightdisplays,[128]andthefirst
useofafiberopticavionicsnetworkonacommercialairliner.[129]Boeingmadeuseofworkdoneonthe
cancelledBoeing7J7regionaljet,[130]whichutilizedsimilarversionsofthechosentechnologies.[130]In2003,
Boeingbeganofferingtheoptionofcockpitelectronicflightbagcomputerdisplays.[131]In2013,Boeing
announcedthattheupgraded777Xmodelswouldincorporateairframe,systems,andinteriortechnologiesfrom
the787.[132]
Flybywire
Engines,extendedslats,flaps,and
landinggearofanAmericanAirlines
777200ER
Indesigningthe777asitsfirstflybywirecommercialaircraft,Boeingdecidedtoretainconventionalcontrol
yokesratherthanchangetosidestickcontrollersasusedinmanyflybywirefighteraircraftandinmanyAirbus
airliners.[127]Alongwithtraditionalyokeandruddercontrols,thecockpitfeaturesasimplifiedlayoutthatretainssimilaritiestopreviousBoeing
models.[133]Theflybywiresystemalsoincorporatesflightenvelopeprotection,asystemthatguidespilotinputswithinacomputercalculated
frameworkofoperatingparameters,actingtopreventstalls,overspeeds,andexcessivelystressfulmaneuvers.[127]Thissystemcanbeoverriddenbythe
pilotincommandifdeemednecessary.[127]Theflybywiresystemissupplementedbymechanicalbackup.[134]
Airframeandsystems
Thesixwheelundercarriageofa
Boeing777300
Thewingsonthe777featureasupercriticalairfoildesignthatissweptbackat31.6degreesandoptimizedfor
cruisingatMach0.83(revisedupwardafterflightteststoMach0.84).[135]Thewingsaredesignedwithincreased
thicknessandalongerspanthanpreviousairliners,resultingingreaterpayloadandrange,improvedtakeoff
performance,andahighercruisingaltitude.[47]Thewingsalsoserveasfuelstorage,withlongerrangemodels
abletocarryupto47,890USgallons(181,300L)offuel.[91]Thiscapacityallowsthe777200LRtooperateultra
longdistance,transpolarroutessuchasTorontotoHongKong.[136]In2013,anewwingmadeofcomposite
materialswasintroducedfortheupgraded777X,withawiderspananddesignfeaturesbasedonthe787's
wings.[132]
Largefoldingwingtips,21feet(6.40m)long,wereofferedwhenthe777wasfirstlaunched,toappealtoairlines
whomightusegatesmadetoaccommodatesmalleraircraft,butnoairlinepurchasedthisoption.[137]Folding
wingtipsreemergedasadesignfeatureattheannouncementoftheupgraded777Xin2013.Smallerfoldingwingtipsof11feet(3.35m)inlengthwill
allow777Xmodelstousethesameairportgatesandtaxiwaysasearlier777s.[132]Thesesmallerfoldingwingtipsarelesscomplexthanthoseproposed
forearlier777s,andinternallyonlyaffectthewiringneededforwingtiplights.[132]
Theairframeincorporatestheuseofcompositematerials,whichcompriseninepercentofitsoriginalstructuralweight(allmodelsoutsidethe7778X
and7779X).[138]Elementsmadefromcompositematerialincludethecabinfloorandrudder.Themainfuselagecrosssectioniscircular[139]andtapers
rearwardintoabladeshapedtailconewithaportfacingauxiliarypowerunit.[5]Theaircraftalsofeaturesthelargestlandinggearandthebiggesttires
everusedinacommercialjetliner.[140]Thesixwheelbogiesaredesignedtospreadtheloadoftheaircraftoverawideareawithoutrequiringan
additionalcenterlinegear.Thishelpsreduceweightandsimplifiestheaircraft'sbrakingandhydraulicsystems.Eachtireofa777300ERsixwheelmain
landinggearcancarryaloadof59,490lb(26,980kg),whichisheavierthanotherwidebodiessuchasthe747400.[141]Theaircrafthastripleredundant
hydraulicsystemswithonlyonesystemrequiredforlanding.[142]Aramairturbineasmallretractablepropellerwhichcanprovideemergencypower
isalsofittedinthewingrootfairing.[143]
Interior
Theoriginal777interior,alsoknownastheBoeingSignatureInterior,featurescurvedpanels,largeroverhead
bins,andindirectlighting.[60]Seatingoptionsrangefromsixabreastinfirstclassupto10acrossineconomy.[144]
The777'swindowswerethelargestofanycurrentcommercialairlineruntilthe787,andmeasure15inch
(380mm)by10inch(250mm)insize(allmodelsoutsidethe7778Xand7779X).[145]Thecabinalsofeatures
"FlexibilityZones",whichentailsdeliberateplacementofwater,electrical,pneumatic,andotherconnection
pointsthroughouttheinteriorspace,allowingairlinestomoveseats,galleys,andlavatoriesquicklyandmore
easilywhenadjustingcabinarrangements.[144]SeveralaircrafthavealsobeenfittedwithVIPinteriorsfornon
airlineuse.[146]Boeingengineersdesignedanewhydraulicallydampedtoiletseatcoverhingethatcloses
slowly.[147]
EconomyclasscabinofEtihad
Airways777300ERina333layout
In2003,Boeingintroducedoverheadcrewrestsasanoptiononthe777.[148]Locatedabovethemaincabinand
connectedviastaircases,theforwardflightcrewrestcontainstwoseatsandtwobunks,whiletheaftcabincrewrestfeaturesmultiplebunks.[148]The
SignatureInteriorhassincebeenadaptedforotherBoeingwidebodyandnarrowbodyaircraft,including737NG,747400,757300,andnewer767
models,includingall767400ERmodels.[149][150]The7478and767400ERhavealsoadoptedthelarger,moreroundedwindowsoftheoriginal777.
In2011,FlightInternationalreportedthatBoeingisconsideringreplacingtheSignatureInterioronthe777withanewinteriorsimilartothatonthe787,
aspartofamovetowardsa"commoncabinexperience"acrossallBoeingplatforms.[151]Withthelaunchofthe777Xin2013,Boeingconfirmedthatthe
aircraftwouldbereceivinganewinteriorfeaturing787cabinelementsandlargerwindows.[132]Furtherdetailsreleasedin2014includedresculpted
cabinsidewallsforgreaterinteriorroom,noisedampeningtechnology,andhighercabinhumidity.[152]
Variants
Boeingusestwocharacteristics,fuselagelengthandrange,todefinetheir777models.[16]Fuselagelengthaffects
thenumberofpassengersandamountofcargothatcanbecarriedthe777200andderivativesarethebasesize,
andtheaircraftwasstretchedintothe777300in1998.Intermsofrange,theaircrafthasbeencategorizedinto
threesegmentsbasedondesigncriteriathesewereinitiallydefinedasthefollowing:
Amarket:upto4,200nauticalmiles(7,800km)[153]
Bmarket:6,600nauticalmiles(12,200km)[153]
Cmarket:7,800nauticalmiles(14,400km)[154]
PlanformviewofanAirFrance
Whenreferringtodifferentvariants,Boeingandairlinesoftencollapsethemodelnumber(777)andthevariant
Boeing777200ERinflight
designator(200or300)intoatruncatedform(e.g.,"772"or"773"[155]).TheInternationalCivilAviation
Organization(ICAO)aircrafttypedesignatorsystemaddsaprecedingmanufacturerletter(e.g.,"B772"or"B773").[156]Subsequenttothecapacity
number,designationsmayormaynotappendtherangeidentifier(e.g.,777300ERas"773ER",[157]"773B",[158]"77W",[159]or"B77W"[156]).These
notationsmaybefoundinaircraftmanualsorairlinetimetables.
777200
The777200wastheinitialAmarketmodel.Thefirst200wasdeliveredtoUnitedAirlinesonMay15,1995.[71]
Withamaximumrangeof5,240nauticalmiles(9,700km),[160]the200waschieflyaimedatU.S.domestic
airlineoperators.[16]Ninedifferent200customershavetakendeliveryof88aircraft,[1]with85inairlineservice
asofJuly2012.[161]ThecompetingaircraftfromAirbusistheA330300.[162]
777200ER
ABoeing777200inBoeing's
originallivery.Notethetaillogosof
theaircraft'sfirmcustomersbelow
thewindowsunder"Boeing777".
The777200ER("ER"forExtendedRange),theBmarketversionofthe
200,wasoriginallyknownasthe777200IGWforitsincreasedgross
weight.[70]The200ERfeaturesadditionalfuelcapacityandanincreased
maximumtakeoffweight(MTOW)overthe200.[160]Aimedat
internationalairlinesoperatingtransatlanticroutes,[16]the200ER'smaximumrangeis7,700nauticalmiles
(14,300km).[160]Inadditiontobreakingtheeastboundgreatcircle"distancewithoutlanding"record,the200ER
alsoholdstherecordforthelongestETOPSrelatedemergencyflightdiversion(177minutesunderoneengine),
onaUnitedAirlinesflightcarrying255passengersonMarch17,2003,overthePacificOcean.[163][164]
Thefirst200ERwasdeliveredtoBritishAirwaysonFebruary6,1997.[71]SingaporeAirlines,oneofthetype's
AnElAl777200ERlandingat
LondonHeathrowAirport
largestcustomers,[1]orderedoverhalfofits200ERswithreducedenginethrustspecifications(derated)foruse
onmediumlengthroutes.[165][166]ThederatedengineslowerMTOW,whichreducestheaircraft'spurchasepriceandlandingfees,andcanbereratedto
full200ERstandardforlonghauloperations.[165]AsofAugust2013,200ERdeliveriesto33differentcustomerstotaled422.[1]AsofJuly2013,418
examplesofthe200ERwereinairlineservice.[161]ThecompetingaircraftfromAirbusistheA340300andupcomingA350900.[167]
777300
Thestretched777300wasdesignedasanAmarketreplacementfor747100sand747200s.[168]Comparedto
theolder747s,thestretched777hascomparablepassengercapacityandrange,butburnsonethirdlessfueland
has40percentlowermaintenancecosts.[73]The300featuresa33.3ft(10.1m)fuselagestretchoverthebaseline
200.Thisallowsseatingforupto550passengersinasingleclasshighdensityconfiguration,[73]anarrangement
adoptedforheavilytraffickedJapaneseroutes.[169]Becauseoftheaircraft'slength,the300isequippedwitha
tailskidandgroundmaneuveringcamerastoaidpilotsduringtaxi.[170]Themaximumrangeis6,015nautical
miles(11,140km),[171]allowingthe300tooperatetrunkroutespreviouslyflownbyolder747s.[73]
AfterbeingcertifiedsimultaneouslybytheFAAandJAA,[74]thefirst300wasdeliveredtoCathayPacificon
May21,1998.[71][75]Eightdifferent300customershavetakendeliveryof60aircraft,[1]andallwereinairline
serviceasofJuly2012.[161]However,followingtheintroductionofthelongerrange300ERin2004,all
operatorshaveselectedtheERversionofthebase300model.[1]The300hasnodirectAirbusrival,butthe
A340600hasbeenofferedincompetition.[172][173]
AnEmirates777300inthe2006
FIFAWorldCupliveryonfinal
approachtoLondonHeathrow
Airport,England.
777200LR
The777200LR("LR"forLongerRange),theCmarketmodel,becametheworld'slongestrangecommercial
airlinerwhenitenteredservicein2006.[174][175]BoeingnamedthisaircrafttheWorldliner,highlightingitsability
toconnectalmostanytwoairportsintheworld,[7]althoughitisstillsubjecttoETOPSrestrictions.[176]Itholds
theworldrecordforthelongestnonstopflightbyacommercialairliner,[7]andhasamaximumdesignrangeof
9,395nauticalmiles(17,400km).[88]The200LRwasintendedforultralonghaulroutessuchasLosAngelesto
Singapore.[76]
Thefirst777200LRbuilt,inservice
withPakistanInternationalAirlines,
onapproachtoTorontoPearson
InternationalAirport.
Developedalongsidethe300ER,the200LRfeaturesanincreasedMTOWandthreeoptionalauxiliaryfueltanks
intherearcargohold.[174]Othernewfeaturesincluderakedwingtips,redesignedmainlandinggear,and
additionalstructuralstrengthening.[174]Aswiththe300ERand777F,the200LRisequippedwithwingtip
extensionsof12.8ft(3.90m).[174]The200LRispoweredbyGE90110B1orGE90115Bturbofans.[91]Thefirst
200LRwasdeliveredtoPakistanInternationalAirlinesonFebruary26,2006.[87][177]AsofFebruary2013,nine
different200LRcustomershavetakendeliveryof55aircraft,with3unfilledorders.[1]Airlinesoperated52ofthe200LRvariantasofJuly2012.[161]
TheclosestcompetingaircraftfromAirbuswastheA340500HGW.[174]
777300ER
The777300ER("ER"forExtendedRange)istheCmarketversionofthe300.Itfeaturesrakedandextended
wingtips,awingaspectratioof9.0,[178]anewmainlandinggear,reinforcednosegear,andextrafuel
tanks.[179][180]Italsohasastrengthenedfuselage,wings,empennage,andengineattachments.[91]The300ERis
poweredbytheGE90115Bturbofan,whichistheworld'smostpowerfuljetengineinservice,withamaximum
thrustof115,300lbf(513kN).[179]Itsmaximumrangeis7,825nauticalmiles(14,492km),[181]madepossibleby
higherMTOWandincreasedfuelcapacity.[172][173]The300ERcanflyapproximately34percentfartherthanthe
300withafullloadofpassengersandcargo.[91]Followingflighttesting,aerodynamicsrefinementshavereduced
fuelburnbyanadditional1.4percent.[84][182]
AnAirCanada777300ERlandingat
LondonHeathrowAirportwithflaps
deployed
Thefirst300ERwasdeliveredtoAirFranceonApril29,2004.[71][183]The300ERisthebestselling777
variant,havingsurpassedthe200ERinordersin2010anddeliveriesin2013.[1]Sinceitslaunch,themodelhas
beenaprimarydriverofthetwinjet'ssalespasttherivalA330/340series.[99]Usingtwoenginesproducesatypicaloperatingcostadvantageofaround8
9percentforthe300ERovertheA340600,[184]alongwitha20percentfuelburnadvantageoverthe747400.[85]Severalairlineshaveacquiredthe
300ERasa747400replacementamidrisingfuelprices.[85]AsofAugust2013,300ERdeliveriesto24differentcustomerstotaled424,with287
unfilledorders.[1]Operatorshad346aircraftinserviceasofJuly2012.[161]The300ER'sdirectAirbuscompetitorshaveincludedtheA340600HGW
andtheupcomingA3501000.[99][173]
777Freighter
The777Freighter(777F)isanallcargoversionofthetwinjet,andsharesfeatureswiththe200LRtheseincludeitsairframe,engines,[185]andfuel
capacity.[91]Withamaximumpayloadof226,000lb(103,000kg),[91]cargocapacityissimilartothe243,000lb(110,000kg)ofthe747200F.[85]The
freighterhasarangeof4,900nmi(9,070km)atmaximumpayload,[91]althoughgreaterrangeispossibleiflesscargoweightiscarried.[186]
Astheaircraftpromisesimprovedoperatingeconomicscomparedtoexistingfreighters,[85]airlineshavetargetedthe777Fasareplacementforolder
freightersincludingthe747200F,MD10,andMD11F.[90][187]Thefirst777FwasdeliveredtoAirFranceonFebruary19,2009.[94]AsofFebruary
2013,74freightershadbeendeliveredtoelevendifferentcustomers,with53unfilledorders.[1]Operatorshad61ofthe777FinserviceasofJuly
2012.[161]
Inthe2000s,Boeingbeganstudyingtheconversionof777200ERand200passengerairlinersintofreighters,underthename777BCF(Boeing
ConvertedFreighter).[188]Thecompanyhasbeenindiscussionwithseveralairlinecustomers,includingFedEx
Express,UPSAirlines,andGECommercialAviationServices,toprovidelaunchordersfora777BCF
program.[189]
7778Xand9X
The7778Xandthelarger7779X,arethetwovariantswhichcomprisetheBoeing777Xprogram,launchedin
2013.Bothmodelsincorporateanewcarbonfiberreinforcedpolymerwingwithfoldingwingtipsawider,more
comfortableredesignedcabinandothersystemsupgrades.Serviceentryofthefirst777Xvariant,the7779X,is
scheduledfor2020.[117]
Thefirst777Freighter,destinedfor
AirFrance,duringatestflight
Governmentandcorporate
Versionsofthe777havebeenacquiredbygovernmentandprivatecustomers.ThemainpurposehasbeenforVIP
transport,includingasanairtransportforheadsofstate,althoughtheaircrafthasalsobeenproposedforother
militaryapplications.
777BusinessJet(777VIP)theBoeingBusinessJetversionofthe777thatissoldtocorporate
customers.Boeinghasreceivedordersfor777VIPaircraftbasedonthe777200LRand777300ER
passengermodels.[190][191]Theaircraftarefittedwithprivatejetcabinsbythirdpartycontractors.[190]
777Tanker(KC777)theKC777isaproposedtankerversionofthe777.InSeptember2006,Boeing
announcedthatitwouldproducetheKC777iftheUnitedStatesAirForce(USAF)requiredalargertanker
AbuDhabiAmiriFlight777200ER
arrivingatLondonHeathrowAirport
thantheKC767.The777tankerwouldhavebeenabletotransportmorecargoorpersonnel.[192][193][194]In
April2007,afterhavingconsideredofferingtheKC777toreplacethesmallerBoeingKC135StratotankeraspartoftheUSAF'sKCXprogram,
BoeinginsteadoffereditsKC767AdvancedTanker,whichisbasedonthe767.[195]TheKC777hasbeendescribedbyBoeingofficialsas
suitablefortherelatedKCZprogram,whichisintendedtoreplacethewidebodyMcDonnellDouglasKC10Extender.[196]
In2014,theJapanesegovernmentchosetoprocuretwo777300ERstoserveasthecountry'sofficialairtransportfortheEmperorofJapanand
PrimeMinisterofJapan.[197]Theaircraft,tobeoperatedbytheJapanAirSelfDefenseForceunderthecallsignJapaneseAirForceOne,are
scheduledtoenterservicein2019andreplacetwo747400s.BesidesVIPtransport,the777sarealsointendedforuseinemergencyrelief
missions.[197]
Othergovernmentswith777sservingasdedicatedofficialtransportsincludeGabon(VIPconfigured777200ER),[198]Turkmenistan(VIP
configured777200LR),[199]andtheUnitedArabEmirates(VIPconfigured777200ERand777300ERoperatedbyAbuDhabiAmiriFlight,the
government'sofficialairtransportentity).[191]Inthe2000s,priortoreturningtopowerasPrimeMinisterofLebanon,RaficHaririacquireda777
200ERforuseasanofficialtransport.[200]
UnitedStatesAirForceOneReplacementWithothergovernmentssuchasJapanusing777300ERsastheircountry'sofficialairtransportfor
governmentleaders,thepossibilityofmodified777300ERsormodified7779XsforAirForceOnereplacementshasemerged.[201]Althougha
fourenginejetis"preferred"bytheAirForce,muchofthisisduetoprecedent.WhenthelastgroupofAirForceOnejets(modified747200s)
werepurchased,the767wasjustbeginningtoproveitselfwithETOPS.Decadeslater,the777andmanyothertwinjetshavebeendevelopedto
provethat"twinenginesafetyissoestablishedthatinnormalcircumstancesanyedgefromfourenginesisminimal."[201]Theproblemfacinga
7478possiblereplacementforAirForceOneisthatwithjust45unfilledordersremainingonBoeingsorderbook,andacurrentproductionrate
of1.5aircraftmonthly,thelinecanrunforfewerthanthreeyears.TheAirForceislookingata2020replacement.ThebrightsideforBoeingis
thatnootheraircraftmanufacturerislikelytobidfortheAirForceOneContracttherefore,a777variantmakesthemostsenseifthe7478
productionlinerunsout.[202]
Operators
Thecustomersthathavereceivedthemost777sareILFC,Emirates,SingaporeAirlines,UnitedAirlines,andAirFrance.[1]Emiratesisthelargestairline
operatorasofSeptember2013,[161]andistheonlycustomertohaveoperatedall777variantsproduced,includingthe200,200ER,200LR,300,
300ER,and777F.[1][203]The1,000th777offtheproductionline,a300ERsettobeEmirates'102nd777,wasunveiledatafactoryceremonyinMarch
2012.[103]
Atotalof1,094aircraft(allvariants)wereinairlineserviceasofJuly2013,with
Emirates(127),UnitedAirlines(74),AirFrance(64),SingaporeAirlines(56),
AmericanAirlines(55)AllNipponAirways(54),BritishAirways(53),Cathay
Pacific(49),JapanAirlines(46),andotheroperatorswithfeweraircraftofthe
type.[204]
Ordersanddeliveries
AirFrance777200ERdeparting
outofTorontoPearson
InternationalAirport
FedExExpress777Fdeparting
TedStevensAnchorage
InternationalAirport
Ordersanddeliveries
Deliveries
Orders
Type Total Unfilled Total 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995
777
200
88
88
777
200ER
422
422
777
200LR
59
58
777
300
60
60
777
300ER
758
236
522
63
79
60
52
40
52
12
14
19
15
22
16
84
98
83
73
74
88
777F
134
36
98
777X
286
286
Total
1807
559 1248
13
22
29
19
23
16
11
10
47
53
39
20
10
61
83
65
40
36
10
11
41
55
42
63
50
48
17
14
39
47
61
55
83
74
59
32
13
32
13
DatathroughOctober2014[1][205][206]
ICAOdesignation[156] Modelseries
B772
777200
777200ER
B77L
777200LR
777F
B773
777300
B77W
777300ER
Incidentsandaccidents
AsofJuly2014,the777hasbeenin12aviationaccidentsandincidents,[208]includingfivehullloss
accidents,[209]andthreehijackings,[210]foratotalof540fatalities.[211][212]Before2013,theonlyfatality
involvingthetwinjetoccurredinarefuelingfireatDenverInternationalAirportonSeptember5,2001,
duringwhichagroundworkersustainedfatalburns.[213]Theaircraft,operatedbyBritishAirways,suffered
firedamagetothelowerwingpanelsandenginehousingitwaslaterrepairedandreturnedto
service.[213][214]
Thetype'sfirsthulllossoccurredonJanuary17,2008,whenBritishAirwaysFlight38,a777200ERwith
RollsRoyceTrent895enginesflyingfromBeijingtoLondon,crashlandedapproximately1,000feet
(300m)shortofHeathrowAirport'srunway27Landslidontotherunway'sthreshold.Therewere47
injuriesandnofatalities.Theimpactdamagedthelandinggear,wingrootsandengines.Theaircraftwas
writtenoff.[215][216]Uponinvestigation,theaccidentwasblamedonicecrystalsfromthefuelsystem
cloggingthefueloilheatexchanger(FOHE)[207][217]Redesignedfueloilheatexchangerswereinstalledin
BritishAirways'777sbyOctober2009.[218]
Laboratoryreplicationoficecrystals
cloggingthefueloilheatexchangerona
RollsRoyceTrent800engine,fromthe
AAIBreportontheBA38andDL18
incidents[207]
TwootherminormomentarylossesofthrustwithTrent895enginesoccurredinFebruaryandNovember
2008,[219][220]whichtheUKAirAccidentsInvestigationBranch(AAIB)investigatorsalsofoundwere
causedbyiceinthefuelcloggingthefueloilheatexchanger.Asaresult,theheatexchangerwasredesigned.[207]
Thetype'ssecondhulllossoccurredonJuly29,2011,whenanEgyptAir777200ERregisteredasSUGBPsufferedacockpitfirewhileparkedatthe
gateatCairoInternationalAirport.[221]Theplanewassuccessfullyevacuatedwithnoinjuries,[221]andairportfireteamsextinguishedthefire.[222]The
aircraftsustainedstructural,heatandsmokedamage.Thisaircraftwaswrittenoff.[221][222]Investigatorsfocusedonapossibleelectricalfaultwitha
supplyhoseinthecockpitcrewoxygensystem.[221]
Thetype'sthirdhulllossandfirstinvolvingfatalitiesoccurredonJuly6,2013,whenAsianaAirlinesFlight214,777200ERregisteredHL7742,crashed
whilelandingatSanFranciscoInternationalAirportaftertouchingdownshortoftherunway.Survivingpassengersandcrewevacuatedbeforefire
destroyedtheaircraft.Thecrashledtothedeathofthreeofthe307peopleonboard.Thesewerethefirstfatalitiesinacrashinvolvinga777since
enteringservicein1995.[223][224][225]TheNTSBaccidentinvestigationconcludedinJune2014thatthepilotscommittedbetween20and30minorto
significanterrorsintheirfinalapproach,andthatthecomplexsettingsofautomatedcontrolswerepartiallytoblame.[226][227]
OnMarch8,2014,MalaysiaAirlinesFlight370,777200ERregistered9MMRO,carrying227passengersand12crew,enroutefromKualaLumpurto
Beijingwasreportedmissing.AirTrafficControl'slastreportedcoordinatesfortheaircraftwereovertheSouthChinaSeaat
65515N1033443E.[228][229]Afterthesearchfortheaircraftbegan,Malaysia'sprimeministerannouncedonMarch24,2014thatafteranalysisof
newsatellitedataitisnowtobeassumed"beyondreasonabledoubt"thattheplanewaslostandtherewerenosurvivors.[230][231]Thecauseremains
unknown.
OnJuly17,2014,MalaysiaAirlinesFlight17,a777200ERregistered9MMRD,boundforKualaLumpurfromAmsterdambrokeupandcrashed[232]
inDonetskprovinceineasternUkraine,afterreportedlybeinghitbyanantiaircraftmissile.[233]TheformalaccidentinvestigationbeganinJuly2014,
andnoofficialcauseofthecrashhasbeenreleasedyet.TheincidenthasbeenlinkedtotheongoingDonbassinsurgencyinthatregion.All298people
(283passengersand15crew)onboardwerekilled.[212][234][235]
Specifications
Model
777200
777200ER
777200LR
Specificationsbymodel
777
777300
Freighter
Cockpitcrew
N/A
(cargo)
400(2class)
440(maximum)
Length
209ft1in(63.7m)
199ft11in(60.9m)
212ft7in(64.8m)
Wing
sweepback
Tailheight
777
777
8X[117][236][237][238] 9X[117][236][237][238]
Two
314(3class)[239]
Seating
capacity,
typical
Wingspan
777300ER
386(3class)[239]
451(2class)
550(maximum)
353(3class)[114]
407(3class)[114]
242ft4in(73.9m)
228ft2in(69.5m)
250ft11in
(76.5m)
199ft11in(60.9m)
Unfolded:235ft6in(71.8m)[240]
Folded:212ft8in(64.8m)
212ft7in
(64.8m)
31.64
60ft9in(18.5m)
61ft1in(18.6m)
TBA
64ft6in(19.7m)[241]
60ft8in(18.5m)
Cabinwidth
19ft3in(5.87m)
19ft7in(5.97m)[114]
Seatwidth
18.5in(47.0cm)in9abreaststandardeconomyor17.2in(43.7cm)in10abreasthighdensity
economy
18in(45.7cm)in10abreaststandard
economy[242]
Fuselage
width
20ft4in(6.20m)
Maximum
cargo
capacity
23,051cuft
(653m3)
37pallets
5,720cuft(162m3)
32LD3
Operating
297,300lb
304,500lb
320,000lb
318,300lb
emptyweight (134,800kg) (138,100kg) (145,150kg) (144,400kg)
7,640cuft(216m3)
44LD3
40LD3
48LD3
353,800lb
(160,500kg)
370,000lb
(167,800kg)
TBA
415,000lb
(188,241kg)
445,000lb
470,000lb
492,000lb
575,000lb
(201,840kg) (213,180kg) (223,168kg) (260,816kg)
524,000lb
(237,680kg)
554,000lb
(251,290kg)
TBA
557,000lb
(252,651kg)
Maximum
545,000lb
656,000lb
766,000lb
766,800lb
takeoffweight
(247,200kg) (297,550kg) (347,500kg) (347,800kg)
(MTOW)
660,000lb
(299,370kg)
Maximum
landing
weight
775,000lb
(351,500kg)[114]
Typicalcruise
speed
Mach0.84(560mph,905km/h,490knots)atacruisealtitudeof35,000ft(11,000m)
TBA
Maximum
speed
Mach0.87(~200)Mach0.89(~300)(590mph,950km/h,512knots)atacruisealtitudeof
35,000ft(11,000m)
TBA
Maximum
range
(withmaximum
payload)
Takeoff
distanceat
MTOW
(atsealevel,ISA)
Maximum
fuelcapacity
5,240nmi
(9,700km,
6,027mi)
7,725nmi
(14,310km,
8,892mi)
9,380nmi
(17,370km,
10,793mi)
4,900nmi
(9,070km,
5,636mi)
6,005nmi
(11,120km,
6,910mi)
7,930nmi
(14,690km,
9,128mi)
8,000ft
2,440m
11,100ft
3,380m
9,200ft
2,800m
9,300ft
2,830m
10,600ft
3,230m
10,000ft
3,050m
TBA
31,000US
gal
(117,348L)
45,220US
gal
(171,177L)
45,220USgal
(171,177L)
47,890USgal
(181,283L)
TBA
47,890USgal
(181,283L)
>9,300nmi
(17,224km,
10,702mi)
>8,200nmi
(15,186km,
9,436mi)
43,100ft(13,140m)
Service
ceiling
Engine(2)
PW4077
RR877
GE9077B
PW4090
RR895
GE9094B
Thrust(2)
PW:
77,000lbf
(342kN)
RR:
76,000lbf
(338kN)
GE:
77,000lbf
(342kN)
PW:
90,000lbf
(400kN)
RR:
93,400lbf
(415kN)
GE:
93,700lbf
(417kN)
GE90110B1
GE90115B1
PW4098
RR892
GE9092B/94B
GE90115B1
GE9X
GE110B:110,100lbf
(490kN)
GE115B:115,300lbf
(512kN)
PW:98,000lbf
(436kN)
RR:93,400lbf
(415kN)
GE:
92,000/93,700lbf
(409kN/418kN)
GE:
115,300lbf
(512kN)
GE:105,000lbf(470kN)[114]
Notes:Dataforthe777Xarepreliminary.
Sources:Boeing777specifications,[91][243]Boeing777Airportplanningreport,[244]andothersources.[245][246][247]
DiagramofBoeing777variants.Atleft:777200ER(front,cross
section,side,anddorsalviews).Atright:777300ER.
Seealso
CompetitionbetweenAirbusandBoeing
Relateddevelopment
Boeing7J7
Boeing777X
Aircraftofcomparablerole,configurationandera
AirbusA330/AirbusA330neo
AirbusA340
AirbusA350XWB
Boeing767
Boeing787Dreamliner
IlyushinIl96
McDonnellDouglasMD11
Relatedlists
ListofBoeing777operators
ListofBoeingcustomercodes
Listofcivilaircraft
References
Citations
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