MM3104 - PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS AND

HEAT TREATMENT
END SEM- 19-11-2013
Multiple Choice Questions.
Instructions:
Read all the options carefully. Select the best option among the given options. For numerical
questions, select the nearest answer.
1. The specific heat of solid copper above 300K is given by Cp= 5.41 + 1.5 X 10-3 T
cal/deg/mol. By how much does the entropy of copper increase on heating from 300 to
1358 K?
a. 9.686 cal/deg/mol
b. 40.83 cal/deg/mol
c. 74.0 cal/deg/mol
d. 9.686 J/deg/mol
2. Copper melts at 1083:C, and its heat of fusion is 12.97 kJ/mol. Calculate the change of
entropy at melting point of copper.
a. 40.83 J/K/mol
b. 74.0 J/K/mol
c. 9.565 J/K/mol
d. 5.439 J/K/mol
3. Which of the following is true
a. Spinodal decomposition occurs by spontaneous diffusion process
b. Coarsening of precipitate is also a spontaneous diffusion process
c. There is no change in the crystal structure during spinodal decomposition
d. All are true
e. Only a and b are true
f. Only b and c are true
4. In the following figures A, B,C and D , the Y axis is Gibbs free energy and the axis is Temperature,
then which of the following is true?

5. Which of the following is a Gibbs free energy Vs Composition diagram for the alloy system, which
shows MISCIBILITY GAP.

6. In the above diagram, if you increase the temperature, the curve

a. Shifts upwards
b. Shifts downwards
c. Remains same
d. Cannot be said
7. A plate of iron is exposed to a carburizing (carbon-rich) atmosphere on one side and a
decarburizing (carbon-deficient) atmosphere on the other side at 700:C (1300:F). If a condition
of steady state is achieved, calculate the diffusion flux of carbon through the plate if the
concentrations of carbon at positions of 5 and 10 mm (5 103 and 10 2m) beneath the
carburizing surface are 1.2 and 0.8 kg/m3 , respectively. Assume a diffusion coefficient of 3
1011 m2/s at this temperature.
a. 1.4 10 9 kg/m2 .s
b. 2.4 10 9 kg/m 2.s
c. 3.4 109kg/m2.s
d. 4.4 10 9 kg/m 2.s
8. A. Ficks First Law deals with STEADY STATE conditions of diffusion.
B. . Ficks Second Law deals with NON-STEADY STATE conditions of diffusion.
a. A is true but B is False
b. B is true but A is False

c. Both A and B are False

d. Both A and B are True
9. A. Interstitial diffusion is faster than substitutional diffusion.
B. Diffusion rates for Carbon is more than Hydrogen in Fe.
a. A is true but B is False
b. B is true but A is False
c. Both A and B are False
d. Both A and B are True
10. Vacancy mechanism of diffusion is followed in which of the following
a. Interstitial solute atoms
b. Substitutional solute atoms
c. Interstitial impurity solute atoms
d. All of the above
11. Which is the correct sequence of the normalized activation energies (Q/RTm) for self diffusion
a. Diamond > Cu> Na
b. Cu> Diamond> Na
c. Diamond> Na> Cu
d. Na> Cu> Diamond
12. Chemical potential gradient for self diffusion
a. >0
b. =0
c. <0
d. depends on the chemical nature of the element
13. The bond strength of materials is . to their diffusivities
a. Directly proportional
b. Inversely proportional
c. Not related

14. Generally, the diffusivities of FCC are lower than that of BCC
a. True
b. False
15. A. Most closed packed planes have highest growth rate during solidifications.
B. (111) is the preferred dendritic growth direction in FCC.
a. A is true but B is False
b. B is true but A is False
c. Both A and B are False
d. Both A and B are True
16. Temperature Inversion is responsible for
a. Stable interface freezing
b. Dendritic growth
c. Segregation
d. Homogenization
17. If the matrix has a lattice parameter of 4 A and the precipitate has a lattice parameter of 4.1A,
then misfit is
a. 2.5 %
b. 2.43%
c. 4%
d. 4.1%
18. Which of the following technique is most suitable to find out the composition of GP zones
a. TEM
b. SEM
c. AFM
d. 3D-atom probe
19. Among the phases ( ssss, GP zones, and ), which will have the highest hardness
a. ssss
b. GP zones

c.
d.
20. At what temperature mentioned below in the phase diagram below, only CuAl2 () will form?

a.
b.
c.
d.

T1
T2
T3
T4

21. As you increase the age hardness temperature

a. The peak hardness value increases and the time to take peak hardness value also increases
b. The peak hardness value decreases and the time to take peak hardness value decreases
c. The peak hardness value decreases and the time to take peak hardness value decreases
d. The peak hardness value decreases, but the time to reach peak hardness value is independent of
temperature
22. A. Coarser precipitates grow in size at the expense of finer precipitates.

B. Amount of copper in -solid solution that is in equilibrium with smaller CuAl2 () precipitate is
higher than larger precipitate.
a.
b.
c.
d.

A is true but B is false

A is false but B is true
Both A and B are true and B is the correct reason for A
Both A and B are true and B is not the correct reason for A

23. Which of the following Al-Cu system can attain maximum hardness after ageing? (All
percentages mentioned were weight percentages)
a. Al 1% Cu
b. Al 3% Cu
c. Al 2% Cu
d. Al 4% Cu
24. Which of the following is a diffusionless transformation?
a. Pearlitic
b. Bainitic
c. Martensitic
d. Allotropic
25. A. Martensite will form only in Ferrous alloys.
B. Martensite need not always be hard.
a. A is true but B is False
b. B is true but A is False
c. Both A and B are False
d. Both A and B are True
26. As you increase the Carbon content, c/a ratio
a. Increases
b. decreases
c. remains same
27. Crystal structure of martensite of Fe (with no carbon)
a. BCT

b. FCC
c. BCC
d. HCP
28. With the increase in the degree of supercooling below the eutectoid temperature, interlamellar
spacing
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Does not change
29. Which of the following structure is preferred for annealing of hyper eutectoid steel
a.
b.
c.
d.

a.
b.
c.
d.

Network of Cementite in pearlitic matrix

Globular cementite in pearlitic matrix
Globular retained austenite in pearlitic matrix
Plate like Cementite structure in pearlite matrix
30. Hardenability of steel does not depend on
Alloy content
Amount of Carbon
Grain Size
Amount of cold working

31. For hypereutectoid steel in the annealing process the temperature range for annealing is 40
0
C above than eutectoid temperature. This is done mainly because,
a. To avoid the formation of network of Cementite
b. To avoid the grain coarsening
c. To avoid the generation of thermal stress at high temperature
d. To increase the solubility of carbon in iron
32. Two samples A and B with eutectoid composition are heated to above 727:C for equal times,
and equilibrium conditions are established. Now the samples A and B are made to transform to
pearlite at two temperatures T1 and T2 respectively, where T1 > T2. Then
a. The hardness of sample A is greater than sample B, because sample A will have a
lower interlamellar spacing
b. The hardness of sample A is greater than sample B, because sample A will have a
higher interlamellar spacing
c. The hardness of sample B is greater than sample A, because sample B will have a
lower interlamellar spacing

d. The hardness of sample B is greater than sample A, because sample B will have a
higher interlamellar spacing
33. P: If plotted correctly, all the free energy-composition diagrams must end tangential to the
vertical axes of the pure components.
Q: This can be shown by differentiating the equation for free energy of the solid solution,
(
)
a)
b)
c)
d)
34. The fo

P is correct and Q is not the correct reason for P

P is wrong
P is correct and Q is the correct reason for P
None of the above
owi g figure represe ts the effect of Hmix a d T o Gmix for a so id so utio A-

B, where B is solute. AA, BB and AB are the energies between A-A bond, B-B bond and
A-B bond respectively.

).

Which of the following will be true for the given figure?

a)
b)
c)
d)

> 0 and high T

< 0 and high T
> 0 and low T
< 0 and low T

35. Miscibility gap will be observed in the systems which shows the free energy curves for
the system in which
a. Liquid phase is approximate y idea a d i so id phase Hmix < 0
b. Solid phase is approximate y idea a d i iquid phase Hmix > 0
c. So id phase is approximate y idea a d i iquid phase Hmix < 0
d. Liquid phase is approximate y idea a d i so id phase Hmix > 0

36. In case of normalized eutectoid steel, which of the following is true when compared to
annealed eutectoid steel
a. Finer pro-eutectoid ferrite grains
b. Discontinuous cementite particles
c. Continuous cementite network
d. Lower inter-lamellar spacing in pearlite grains

37. A, B and C are the hardness values for martensite, ferrite and austenite. Which of the
following is the correct relationship between A, B and C?
a. A > B > C
b. A < B < C
c. A < B > C
d. A > B < C

38. What are the factors that affect the inter-lamellar spacing in pearlite?
a. Carbon content
b. Cooling rate
c. Alloying elements
d. All of the above
39. Soaking time for a steel during annealing depends on
a. Heating rate
b. Thickness of the sample
c. Both
d. None of the above
40. Jominy end-quench test is used to measure
a. Hardness
b. Hardenability
c. Ductility
d. You gs modu us
41. Which of the following measures can avoid temper embrittlement in steels during
tempering?
a. Faster cooling rates
b. Removal of impurity elements like As, P, Sn and S
c. Addition of elements like Zr and Mo in small quantities
d. All of the above
42. Constitutional super cooling is found in
a. Pure metals
b. Alloys
c. Congruent melting compounds
d. All of the above

43. Which of the following plane of FCC has high accommodation factor
a. (100)
b. (111)
c. (110)
d. All have same
44. What is condition for spinodal decomposition

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS. Answer any FOUR.

1. Explain the features of Martensitic transformations. 2.5 M. With a neat sketch (Bain
Model) explain the formation of Martensite in Steel. 2.5 M
2. Draw Free energy Vs Composition for , GP zones, and and for Al-Cu alloy. 2.5 M
Show the solubility line of GP zones, and and for Al-Cu alloy. 2.5 M
3. Derive the Derive Ficks first law for interstitial diffusion of atoms. 4 M
The lattice parameter of -Fe at 1000 C is 0.37 nm. Assume Diffusivity of C in Fe at 1000C
is 2.5 X 10 -11m2/sec. Then calculate the number of average jumps per second. (Assume
jump frequency is same in all orthogonal directions) 1M
4. Consider the shape of nucleus to be a cube. Derive the expressions for r* and G* in terms
of T. 3M
In a given nucleation process in pure iron, Gv = 210 X 10-6Jm-3 and the interfacial
energy is 0.02 Jm -2 . Calculate the critical radius value. (Assume shape of nucleus to be
spherical) 2M
5. Discuss briefly about annealing, normalizing and hardening processes. 3M
The grain size of copper can be refined only by heating it after it has been cold worked. But
large grain size of iron can be refined by heating it without the necessity for prior cold
work. Explain the difference. 2M

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