ROOT

Root is a plant organ that anchors into the soil.

The function is to : -absorb water and mineral salts from the soil
-strengthen the plant erection
-store food
-as respiratory organ
Root can be distinguished into three types, tap root on dicotyledon, fibrous root on
monocotyledon, and adventitious root. In root anatomy, the orderly structure from out
ward to inward are epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and vascular cylinder.

Epidermis
The epidermis of root consists of a single layer cell that is tighly packed without
intercellular air space. The walls are thin and semipermeable epidermis cells of root
can undergo modification by extending and protruding into the soil, which are known
as root hairs.

Cortex
Cortex of root consists of multiple layer of cells with thin walls. The cells are
loosely arranged so they have many intercellular spaces. The cells often contain
starch as food storagre or even crystal.

Endodermis
Endodermis consists of one layer cell that is tighly packed without intercellular
air space, located in the innermost layer of cortex. Young cells of endodermis have
thin and semipermeable walls. A bandlike endodermis cells with thickened cork is
called casparation strip. The thickened cork enters the vascular cylinder through
passage cells, which are non lignifed cells in endodermis. In the subsequent growth
of cork thickening substances to the cell wall facing the central cylinder, when
examined under a microscope would look like hutuf U, called U-cells, so that water
can not go to the central cylinder. But not all the endodermis cells have thickened,
allowing water to enter the central cylinder. These cells are referred to as cell router /
cell peresap.

Stele
Stele is located in the innermost of endodermis. It consists of several tissues, s
follow :
a) pericycle (pericambium), which is the outer layer of stele
b) vascular bundle, which consists of xylem and phloem on alternating radii
c) pithi, which is the tissue between vascular bundle that consists of parenchyma
tissues.

2. Root anatomy
In the young roots when performed a cross-section would look the parts from outside to inside.
a. Epidermis
b. Cortex
c. Endodermis
d. Cylinder Head / stelae
a. Epidermis
The composition of the cells of meetings and one-layer-thick cell, the cell wall easily pass through
the water. Root hairs is a modification of the root epidermal cells, is responsible for absorbing
water and dissolved mineral salts, root hairs extending root surfaces.
b. Cortex
It is located directly below the epidermis, the cells are not arranged a meeting so many have the
space between cells. Most built by parenchymal tissue.
c. Endodermis
Is a separator layer between the cortex by the central cylinder. Endodermis cells may be
susceptible to thickening of the substance of cork on the walls and formed like dots, called point
Caspary. In the subsequent growth of cork thickening substances to the cell wall facing the
central cylinder, when examined under a microscope would look like hutuf U, called U-cells, so
that water can not go to the central cylinder. But not all endodermis cells have thickened, allowing
water to enter the central cylinder. These cells are referred to as cell router / cell peresap.
c.Silinder Center / stelae
Cylinder head / stelae are the deepest parts of the roots.
It consists of various networks:
- Persikel / Perikambium
An outer layer of the stelae. Branch roots are formed from persikel growth outwards.
- Beam Tubes Transport / Vasis
Consisting of xylem and phloem are arranged alternately according to the radius direction. In
dicots between xylem and phloem tissue kambium there.
- Pith
It lies most within or between beam transport vessels consists of parenchymal tissue.