Advanced Database Applications:

CS562 -- Fall 2011

George Kollios
Boston University

Prof. George Kollios

Office: MCS 288
Office Hours: Monday 2:30pm-4:00pm
Thursday 11:00am-12:30pm

Web:

http://www.cs.bu.edu/faculty/gkollios/ada11

History of Database Technology

1960s: Data collection, database creation, IMS and network DBMS

1970s: Relational data model, relational DBMS implementation

1980s: RDBMS, advanced data models (extended-relational, OO, deductive,

etc.) and application-oriented DBMS (spatial, scientific, engineering, etc.)
1990s2000s: Data mining and data warehousing, multimedia databases.

2010s-: Data on the cloud, privacy, security. Social network data (facebook,
twitter, etc), Web 3.0 and more

Modern Database Systems

Extend these layers

Structure of a RDBMS

A DBMS is an OS for
data!

Query Optimization
and Execution
Relational Operators

A typical RDBMS has a

layered architecture.

Files and Access Methods

Buffer Management
Disk Space Management

DB

Index Methods for RDBMS

Hashing Methods:

B-tree family:

Linear Hashing, Extensible Hashing

B+-trees and variations

Both of them are one-dimensional

Overview of the course

Spatial Database Systems

Temporal Database Systems

GIS, CAD/CAM, EOSDIS project NASA

Manages points, lines and regions
Billing, medical records

Spatio-temporal Databases

Moving objects, changing regions, etc

Overview of the course

Multimedia databases

A multimedia system can store and retrieve

objects/documents with text, voice,
images, video clips, etc

Time series databases

Stock market, ECG, trajectories, etc

Multimedia databases

Applications:

Digital libraries, entertainment, office

automation
Medical imaging: digitized X-rays and MRI
images (2 and 3-dimensional)

Query by content: (or QBE)

Efficient
Complete (no false dismissals)

Database Outsourcing
Owner(s): publish database
Servers: host database and provide query services
Clients: query the owners database through servers

Owner

Clients
Server

Security Issues: untrusted or compromised servers

H. Hacigumus, B. R. Iyer, and S. Mehrotra, ICDE02

Security Issues

Query authentication and verification

Data privacy and confidentiality
Access control

Databases on the Cloud

Cloud computing is a new trend

Data are stored in the cloud, accessed
from everywhere
System should maximize utility,
minimize response time
Use of large clusters (data centers)

MapReduce

Semantic Web: A lot of data

on the web

There is a lot of data on the web

Need to make them more accessible and
useful
Machine should understand some of the
semantics of the web data
Semantic Web: "a web of data that can be
processed directly and indirectly by
machines.Tim Berners-Lee

Semantic Web

From document sharing to data sharing

Issues/Challenges:

Vastness:More than 24B pages

Vagueness and Uncertainty: meaning of
young, cheap, close, etc.
Inconsistency: contradictions on data and
semantics
Deceit: a user may want to mislead, deceive

Probabilistic (or Uncertain)

Databases

Another approach to model many real

world applications.
Data records are probabilistic or
uncertain
Need to formally model and query
(correctly and efficiently)=> Prob DBs

What is a Probabilistic Database ?

An item belongs to the database is a probabilistic

event

Tuple-existence uncertainty
Attribute-value uncertainty

A tuple is an answer to the query is a probabilistic

event

15

Two Types of Probabilistic Data

Database is deterministic
Query answers are probabilistic

E.g., IR-style/fuzzy-match queries

Approximate query answers

Database is probabilistic
Query answers are probabilistic
16

Prob DB Models

The database is a probability distribution

over possible instances of (deterministic)
databases

Example: x-relations [Trio]

Each x-tuple represents a

discrete probability distribution
of tuples
x-tuples are mutually
independent, and disjoint

Back to reality

Grading:

4 Homeworks : 0.2
1 Term Project: 0.3

You need to talk to me and get a problem

Project proposal due in a couple of weeks

Midterm: probably on Oct 26, in class: 0.2

Final: Dec 20 at 12:30pm (?): 0.3