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CONTENTS
PAGE
PURPOSE
SCOPE
REFERENCES
3.1
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
TESTING EQUIPMENT
4.1
PROCEDURE
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
10
11
14
15
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AAC SPECIFICATION
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PURPOSE
To specify the performance required, and the techniques to be employed in measuring
Non-Destructive testing equipment parameters.
SCOPE
The scope of this specification describes methods for checking the performance of nondestructive testing equipment.
The methods apply only to pulse-echo flaw detection equipment using A-scan
presentation used essentially in contact testing (ultrasonic flaw detection).
REFERENCES
3.1
APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS
ASME V Article 7, 2004
BS 4331, Part 1, 1974
BS 2704, 1983
BS EN 12668-1:2000
BS EN 12668-2:2001
BS EN 12668-3:2000
TESTING EQUIPMENT
4.1
4.1.1
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4.1.2
Ultrasonic flaw detectors (sets) having A-scan presentation which are capable of
transmitting and receiving synchronized energy in the .05MHZ to 15 MHZ range and are
equipped with a stepped gain control calibrated in units of 2dB or less.
4.1.3
Ultrasonic transducers used for manual pulse echo and coaxial cables.
4.1.4
Ultrasonic couplants
Water
Oil
Grease
Glycerine
PROCEDURE
5.1
Transducer
Transducer type, shape and size (individual crystal sizes for twin crystals)
5.2
TRANSDUCER
TRANSMITTER
TRANSDUCERS ONLY)
AND
RECEIVER
TERMINAL
IDENTIFICATION
(TWIN
Interchanging the transmitter and receiver connections alters the performance of twin
crystal transducers. The transmitter receiver terminal shall be permanently marked.
5.3
Visually inspect the outside of the probe for correct identification and assembly and
for physical damage which can influence its current or future reliability. In particular
for contact probes measure the flatness of the contact surface of the probe using a
ruler and feeler gauges.
2.
For flat-faced probes, over the whole probe face the gap shall not be larger than
0.05mm with the exception of edge chamfers.
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3.
5.4
5.5
5.6
AAC SPECIFICATION
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0 longitudinal wave transducers shall be verified using the 15mm deep 1,5mm
SDH.
2.
Maximise the signal from the hole and obtain the angle by measuring the angle
between the line from the hole to the probe index and the line from the hole normal
to the block surface where the probe is positioned.
3.
4.
Angled beam transducers shall be verified on the A2 (V1) calibration block. The
transducer angle is indicated by the position of the transducer index against the
degree scale engraved on the side of the A2 (V1) block when the response from the
50mm Perspex insert is maximized.
5.
The Perspex insert can be detected from two sides of the A2 (V1) block at differing
ranges.
6.
The tolerance with regard to beam angle for all probes shall be within +/- 2.
Adjust the transducer on the radius centre line of the A7 block so that a twin peaked
response is obtained from the step between the differing radii. Set the response
from the two targets to approximately 50% full screen height. The steps are said to
be resolved when their echoes are clearly separated at half maximum echo height
or lower.
2.
Compression wave probes in the range 4 to 6MHZ shall clearly resolve the
3mm step and the 4mm step, lower frequency probes 2 to 2.5MHZ shall
resolve the 4mm and the 5mm step.
b)
Shear wave probes in the range 4 to 6MHZ shall clearly resolve the 2mm step
and the 3mm step, lower frequency probes 2 to 2.5MHZ shall resolve the 4mm
and the 5mm step.
3.
The steps are considered to be resolved when the echoes are clearly separated at
-6dB below the maximum echo height.
4.
When lower frequencies are used the resolution at those frequencies shall be
recorded on a transducer data sheet.
5.
2.
Position a compression wave probe to target the 1.5mm hole of the A2 block,
maximize the response and adjust the echo to 50% screen height.
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3.
5.7
5.8
5.9
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With the uncalibrated gain control set at maximum and with at least 35dB inserted
by means of the calibrated attenuator, the echo from the hole should remain at least
as high as the echo height obtained when the instrument was previously calibrated.
2.
Adjust the transducer on the calibration block and maximize the direct response
from a 1.5mm SDH that is approximately half the expected working range. Perform
a -6Db drop and compare this to the previously derived beam spread.
3.
The verified beam spread is to be within 2 of that constructed during the yearly
verification.
4.
Adjust the transducer on the A2 calibration block and maximize the direct response
from the 100mm radius. The transducer index corresponds with the engraved
100mm radius centre.
2.
3.
The position of the probe index should be repeatable within +/- 1mm.
4.
If the measured position differs from the existing mark by more than 1mm the new
position should be marked on the probe sides, or recorded, and should be used in
subsequent probe checks and defects plotting.
2.
5.10
AAC SPECIFICATION
Flaw detectors must be labelled or identified by means of a code such that the
following characteristics can be readily ascertained.
Make
Model
Serial number
Use a compression wave transducer to obtain a reflected signal from a small 1.5mm
hole in the A2(V1) block.
2.
Adjust the gain to set the signal to 80% of full screen height and note the value of
the calibrated control (dB).
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3.
Adjust the calibrated control to increase the gain by 2dB. The signal should increase
to full screen height (100%).
4.
Restore the gain to its original value and then reduce it by a further 6dB. The signal
should fall to 40% of full screen height.
5.
Reduce the gain by a further 12dB. The signal should fall to 10% of full screen
height.
6.
Reduce the gain by a further 6dB. The signal should fall to 5% of full screen height.
7.
8.
5.11
5.12
5.13
COPYRIGHT
Limits
+2
100
80
-6
40
35% to 45%
-18
10
8% to 12%
-24
Use compression wave transducer on the A2 calibration block where the range to
the tenth backwall echo is equal to or exceeds the range over which the linearity has
to be checked. Adjust the time base so that the first and the last backwall echo
indications coincide with the particular scale marks.
2.
3.
Express the deviations from the linearity as a percentage of the time base range
between the first and the last backwall echoes displayed.
4.
5.
Visually inspect the flaw detector for signs of damage and operate all controls to
verify operability.
2.
Flaw detectors with damage and/or inoperable controls shall be removed from
service.
2.
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5.14
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5.15
BEAM ALIGNMENT
1.
Maximize a target echo on IOW beam spread calibration block. If the relevant
reference line marked on the probe casing does not coincide with the target
reference line marked on the surface of the calibrating block, the axis is out of
alignment.
For shear wave probes obtain an echo from the edge and corner of an A2
calibration block and maximize the echo by swiveling the probe. A straight edge is
laid against the probe shoe and its position is marked. The angle between the line
so drawn and a line drawn at right angles to the edge of the block is the angular
deviation or squint of the acoustical axis of the beam.
The tolerance will depend on the accuracy of the defect plotting that is required in
subsequent testing. It should be noted that, for a squint of 5, the error in plotting
would be approximately 8.7mm at a working range of 100mm.
Recommended Tolerance = 1,5.
5.16
5.17
UV
LIGHT INTENSITY
METHOD)
(SHALL
1.
The UV light must be permitted to warm up for a period of 5 minutes minimum prior
to measurement.
2.
The black light intensity shall be measured with a black light meter in a suitably
darkened environment.
3.
A minimum of 1000 W/cm on the surface of the part being examined shall be
required.
4.
Reflectors and filters should be cleaned daily and checked for integrity.
5.
6.
Defective bulbs, which radiate UV energy, must be replaced before further use.
7.
UV lights not conforming to the above requirements shall be removed from service.
DRY PARTICLES
1.
Dry particles shall be checked for contaminants such as moisture, grease, oil, rust,
mill scale particles, non-magnetic particles such as foundry sand, and excessive
heat.
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2.
5.18
AAC SPECIFICATION
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These contaminants will usually manifest themselves in the form of particle colour
change (overheated particles) and particle agglomeration (reduces particle mobility),
the degree of which will determine further use of the powder.
Each ac, dc and permanent magnetic yoke shall be verified for field strength
adequacy by performing a weight lift test.
2.
Each alternating current electromagnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least
4.5kg at the maximum pole spacing that will be used.
3.
Each direct current or permanent magnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least
18kg at the maximum pole spacing that will be used.
4.
Each weight shall be weighed with a scale from a reputable manufacturer and
marked with the applicable nominal weight.
5.
Yokes and magnets unable to lift the required weights shall be removed from
service.
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New document
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AAC SPECIFICATION
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Title
Frequency of checking
5.1
Daily
5.2
Transducer
transmitter
identification.
5.3
Daily
5.4
Daily
5.5
Transducer resolution
Weekly
5.6
Overall gain
Daily
5.7
Monthly/Yearly
5.8
Daily
5.9
Daily
5.10
Weekly
5.11
Weekly
5.12
Daily
5.13
Daily
5.14
Monthly
5.15
Beam alignment
Daily
5.16
UV light intensity
Daily
5.17
Dry particles
Daily
5.18
6 monthly
and
receiver
terminal Daily
Note: 1
To simplify the recording of weekly checks it may be more convenient for the user to
perform them each time the equipment is used.
The above checks shall be performed when a large variation in results is noted or when
the equipment has been repaired
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AAC SPECIFICATION
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Parameter
Pass /Fail
5.3
5.4
Verified angle
5.5
Transducer Resolution
mm step resolved
5.6
dB gain in hand
5.8
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.15
mm
Transducer Type:
Transducer ID:
Frequency:
Size:
Actual Angle
Index Position:
Instrument Make
Instrument Model
from
Serial No.:
Coaxial Cable
Single
Twin
Calibration Block
Reference Block
Material
Couplant
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Clause
Pass / Fail
5.7
5.14
dB signal response =
dB noise level =
Beam spread
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Clause
Pass / Fail
5.7
5.14
dB signal response =
dB noise level =
Beam Spread
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Pass / Fail
UV Light intensity (1000 W/cm2)
Penetrant type
Batch number
Developer manufacturer
Developer type
Batch number
Solvent manufacturer
Solvent type
Batch number
Thermometer unit
Serial number
Thermometer probe
Penetrant removal
Water
Solvent
Emulsifier
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Pass / Fail
5.16
5.18
Consumable manufacturer
Colour
Batch number
White contrast type
Batch number
Batch number
Batch number
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