URC vs LIM

Facts:
The present controversy stemmed from a contract of sale between Universal Robina Corporation,
petitioner, and Albert Lim, respondent where he sold to respondent grocery products in the amount
of approximately Php 808, 000. After tendering partial payments, the respondents refused to settle
his obligation despite repeated demands of the petitioner.
Petitioner filed with the RTC of QC, a complaints against the respondent for sum of money but the
court dismissed the complaint on grounds of lack of jurisdiction and improper venue since the
plaintiff corporations principal office is at Pasig City and the complainant is from Laoag City.
The petitioner filed a motion for reconsideration together with an emended complaint alleging that
the parties agreed that the proper venue for any dispute relative to the transaction is QC.
The trial court granted the motion and admitted the petitioners amended complaint. Summons was
served upon the respondent and for his failure to answer and upon motion of the petitioner, the trial
court declared him in default and allowed the petitioner to present its case ex parte.
However the petitioner was ordered to file a memorandum of authorities on whether it can file a
complaint in QC and thereafter issues an order dismissing the complaint on ground of improper
venue.
Petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration but was denied by the trial court. A petition for review
was filed in the Court of Appeals but was denied by the appellate court.
Hence the petition.
ISSUE: The fundamental issue being raised is whether the trial court may dismiss motu proprio
petitioners complaint on the ground of improper venue.
RULING:
Petition is granted
In the instant case, respondent, despite proper service of summons, failed to file an answer and
was thus declared in default by the trial court. Verily, having been declared in default, he lost his
standing in court and his right to adduce evidence and present his defense, including his right to
question the propriety of the venue of the action.
Sections 2 and 4, Rule 4 of the same Rules provide:
Sec. 2. Venue of personal actions. All other actions may be commenced and tried where the
plaintiff or any of the principal plaintiffs resides, or where the defendant or any of the principal
defendants resides, or in the case of a non-resident defendant where he may be found, at the
election of the plaintiff.
Sec. 4. When Rule not applicable. This Rule shall not apply
(a) In those cases where a specific rule or law provides otherwise; or
(b) Where the parties have validly agreed in writing before the filing of the action on the exclusive
venue thereof.

In personal actions, the plaintiff may commence an action either in the place of his or her residence
or the place where the defendant resides. However, the parties may agree to a specific venue
which could be in a place where neither of them resides.
Improper venue not impleaded in the motion to dismiss or in the answer is deemed waived. Thus,
a court may not dismiss an action motu proprio on the ground of improper venue as it is not one of
the grounds wherein the court may dismiss an action motu proprio on the basis of the pleadings.