Table of Contents

Descriptions

Page No

Declaration by the candidate

Certificate by the examiner

ii

Certificate of the supervisor

iii

Acknowledgement

iv

Abstract

Table of content

vii

List of Figures

xi

List of Tables

xiv

Nomenclatures

xvi

Chapter1: Introduction................................................................................................................1
1.1 Types of Jets..........................................................................................................1
1.2 Computer Cooling................................................................................................5
1.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics..........................................................................8
1.3.1 Discretization Methods in CFD................................................................10
1.3.1.1 Finite Volume Method (FVM).......................................................10
1.3.1.2 Finite Element Method (FEM)......................................................10
1.3.1.3 Finite Difference Method (FDM)..................................................11
1.3.2 Components of CFD..................................................................................11
1.3.2.1 Pre-processing................................................................................11
1.3.2.2 Solver..............................................................................................12
1.3.2.3 Post-processing...............................................................................12
1.4 Gambit (Modelling software)............................................................................12

vii

1.4.1 Overview of Gambit...................................................................................12

1.5 Fluent Analysis.....................................................................................................13
1.5.1 Overview of Fluent......................................................................................13
1.5.2 Analysis........................................................................................................14
Chapter 2: Literature Review....................................................................................................16
Chapter 3: Converging to Objective .........................................................................................20
Chapter 4: Modelling...................................................................................................................21
4.1Design.....................................................................................................................21
4.2 Governing Equations...........................................................................................27
4.3 Numerical Procedure...........................................................................................28
Chapter 5: Comparing for Various Jet Configuration............................................................29
5.1 Cooling of integrated chip in various configuration of air jet.........................29
Chapter 6: Result and Discussion..............................................................................................36
6.1 Variations in air Jet velocity...............................................................................36
6.2 Heat dissipation by chip in different jet flow..................................................38
Chapter 7: Conclusions and Scope for Future Work...............................................................46
7.1 Conclusions..........................................................................................................46
7.2 Scope for Future Work.......................................................................................47

REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................48

viii

List of Figure

Page No

Fig.1.1Schematic diagram of the offset jet

Fig.1.2Schematic diagram of Wall Jet

Fig.1.3 Schematic diagram of impinging jet flow

Fig.1.4 Typical Offset jet flow with parameter

Fig.1.5 Wall jet flow with Parameter.

Fig.3.1 Typical grid used for different Jet flow

20

Fig.4.1 Model when chip at centre.

24

Fig.4.2 Model of Wall air jet flow to Chipset

25

Fig.4.3 Model of Offset jet air flow to Chipset

25

Fig.4.4 Model of Dual jet Air flow to Chipset

26

Fig.4.5 Model of Parallel jet flow to Chipset

26

Fig.5.1 Temperature gradients at inlet velocity of jet 0.18m/s

29

Fig.5.2 Arched pattern in different jet flow at inlet velocity0.18m/s

31

Fig.5.3 Velocity vector for Jet flow velocity 0.18 m/s

32

Fig.5.4 Pressure contour for velocity 0.18 m/s

33

Fig.5.5 Pressure and velocity vector at centre chip

34

Fig.6.1 Temperature gradient at 0.18m/s velocity

36

Fig.6.2 Temperature gradient at 0.09m/s velocity

37

Fig.6.3 Comparison of heat Dissipation by both chips in different jet flow

38

Fig.6.4 Comparison of heat transfer in domain in different jet flow

40

Fig.6.5 Comparison of Heat dissipation by individual chip1 in different jet flow

42

Fig.6.6 Comparison of Heat dissipation by individual chip 2 in different jet flow

43

ix

List of Table

Page No.

4.1 Solution methods

22

5.1 Heat dissipation from centre chip

35

6.1 Total Heat Dissipation by both chip Q in watts

38

6.2 Heat Transfer in Domain region

39

6.3 Heat Dissipation in individual chip 1 & 2 in Watt

41

6.4 Heat dissipation per kg mass flow

44

6.5 Heat dissipation by both chip for Offset jet flow

44

Nomenclature
Symbols

Definition

Width of the jet (m)

Offset height (m)

Turbulent kinetic energy (J/kg)

OR

Offset ratio, H/h

Pr

Prandtl number,/

Static pressure (bar)

p0

Ambient pressure (bar)

Non-dimensional static pressure

Heat (W)

Re

Reynolds number, U0h/

Slot height (m)

Dimensional temperature

Tin

Inlet temperature (K)

T1

Ambient temperature (K)

U0

Average inlet jet velocity (m/s)

u; v

Dimensional mean velocities in x,y directions, respectively

U;V

Non-dimensional velocities in X, Y Directions, respectively

x; y

Dimensional coordinates

X;Y

Non-dimensional coordinates.

Thermal diffusivity (m2/s)

Coefficient of expansion

Temperature difference, T-T1, C

Convergence criterion
xi

Kinematic viscosity, (m2/s)

Dimensionless stream function

Dimensionless vorticity

Turbulence model constants

Subscripts
1

ambient condition

fluids

solid

wall

xii