(Signature Bridge)
Submitted by:
Bharat Mittal
Entry No.: 2011CE10342
Group No.: 2
Date: 25th August, 2014
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Project Brief
3. Brief Information about Main Cable Stay Bridge
4. Approaches
5. Present Status
6. Specialized Works for Main Bridge
7. Conclusion
8. References
1. Introduction
Signature bridge project is state of the art project of DTTDC (Delhi Tourism & Transport
Development Corporation) to construct a magnificent bridge in the National Capital Territory
Delhi. The cable-stayed bridge will link NH -1 near existing T- point at Wazirabad on western
bank and Bund road at Khajuri Khas on Eastern Bank of Yamuna River, thus connecting North
Delhi with East Delhi.
A need was felt to make a bridge because of the unprecedented increase in population in west and
east Delhi and thus resulting in the frequent traffic jams especially during peak hours. But it was
decided to not only make any bridge but to make a Signature Bridge since Delhi doesnt have
any modern structure as a landmark among world class cities. Also, to facilitate the movement of
vehicular traffic new express lanes will be constructed to connect Ring Road with the bridge.
Equipped with eight lanes, this engineering masterpiece will have 1.2 meter wide central verge,
space for anchoring cables, maintenance walkway and crash barrier on either side of the central
verge. The deck will be composite (steel and concrete) while pylon will be in steel.
Signature Bridge is to be made with water recreational facilities in Yamuna water and to attract
tourist attraction. For making it a tourists spot there are several specialized works proposed for the
main bridge. These include light illumination of the pylon, bridge and flyovers. Also special
lighting effects will be provided at special occasions like Independence Day, Republic Day etc.
There is a provision of making inclined lifts within the pylon which will add to its beauty.
So, we can say that this bridge will be State of the Art Bridge and will truly give Delhi a much
required infrastructural landmark.
2. Project Brief
It is a Government of Delhi Project being executed by DTTDC as Deposit Work.
Project Cost
Rs 1131 Cr
Rs 380.6 Cr
June 2008
March 2010
Preliminary Design
Bridge
Approaches
Main Design
Consultant
Patners, Germany
Associates
to
Ltd (TCPL)
Consultant
Ltd (CCPL)
M/s Archom
Proof Consultant
Associates
to
Consultant
Soil investigation
Contract Value
Work Awarded
March 2010
Duration of Work
45 Months
3.2.2 Pylon
Bow Shaped
Asymmetric Structure
251m
9nos @ 36m
3.2.5 Deck
S355J2+N/NL
S460J2+NL
Z+ Quality
4. Approaches
Contract Amount
Commencement of Work
June 2008
Duration of Work
42 Months
Schedule Completion
December 2011
Target Completion
June 2014
Contractor
3+3 Lanes
2/3 Lanes
11+11m
o Central Verge
1.2m
o Loops/Ramps Carriageway
9.0m
o Cycle Trek
2.5m
Cover 3 Intersections
Components
o 1.8 km Long Main Flyover along Ring Road Integrating 3 Intersections
o 8 nos Loops & Ramps for Right & Left Turning Traffic, Connecting to Main Bridge
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4.2.3 RE Wall
Retaining walls are built in order to hold back earth which would otherwise move downwards.
Their purpose is to stabilize slopes and provide useful areas at different elevations, e.g. terraces
for agriculture, buildings, roads and railways.
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RE wall panels are pre-casted in casting yard. Stirrups are connected to these panels to produce
friction force from sand and keep the structure stable.
The RE wall contains a facia made up of concrete panels, concrete blocks or sometimes geotextile.
After certain interval the earth to be retained is reinforced with either metal strips, metal bars or
geogrids. The retention of the soil is derived from friction between the reinforcement and the soil.
The C (cohesion) and phi (angle of internal friction) of the soil play very important role.
The main advantage of RE wall is that it does not require any foundation and thus can be built
easily where there is a constraint of working space viz. in the midst of cities. It is also found that
when the height of retaining wall increases more than 3m the RE walls are more economical.
Though views differ on this. The major disadvantage is that it takes a lot of time in construction
and a lot of pre erection planning and execution is required.
4.2.5 Pre-stressing
Pre-stressed concrete is a method for overcoming concrete's natural weakness in tension. It can be
used to produce beams, floors or bridges with a longer span than is practical with ordinary
reinforced concrete. Pre-stressing tendons (generally of high tensile steel cable or rods) are used
to provide a clamping load which produces a compressive stress that balances the tensile stress
that the concrete compression member would otherwise experience due to a bending load.
Pre-stressing of concrete may be achieved by either pre-tensioning high tensile steel strands before
the concrete has set, or by post-tensioning the strands after the concrete has set.
Pre-tensioning is the application, before casting, of a tensile force to high tensile steel tendons
around which the concrete is to be cast. When the placed concrete has developed sufficient
compressive strength a compressive force is imparted to it by releasing the tendons, so that the
concrete member is in a permanent state of pre-stress.
Post-tensioning is used in the construction of various bridges. Post-tensioned concrete is the
descriptive term for a method of applying compression after pouring concrete and the curing
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process (in situ). The concrete is cast around a plastic curved duct, to follow the area where
otherwise tension would occur in the concrete element. A set of tendons are fished through the
duct and the concrete is poured. Once the concrete has hardened, the tendons are tensioned by
hydraulic jacks that react (push) against the concrete member itself. When the tendons have
stretched sufficiently, according to the design specifications, they are wedged in position and
maintain tension after the jacks are removed, transferring pressure to the concrete. The duct is then
grouted to protect the tendons from corrosion.
This method is commonly used to create monolithic slabs for house construction in locations where
expansive soils (such as adobe clay) create problems for the typical perimeter foundation. All
stresses from seasonal expansion and contraction of the underlying soil are taken into the entire
tensioned slab, which supports the building without significant flexure.
After stressing of segments two activities follows:
1. Water treatment - It is done to check the presence of air voids inside the segments which may
corrode the HYSD bars used for stressing.
2. Grouting - The purpose of grouting the cable is to provide permanent protection to the post
tensioned steel against corrosion and develop bond between pre-stressed steel and surrounding
concrete. The grout ensures encasement of steel for corrosion protection and fills the duct space to
prevent water/air passage. We mix water & cement in ratio 0.4:1. This is done to prevent corrosion
of strand wires.
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It is a RCC slab laid on top of the wall staining and is usually cast monolithically with
staining
2. Steining Wall
Acts as a cofferdam during sinking and provides weight for the sinking
3. Well Curb
The lower wedge-shaped portion of well staining is called the well curb
4. Cutting Edge
The lower most portion of the well curb is the cutting edge
5. Bottom Plug
After the well is sunk to the required depth, the base of well is plugged with concrete. This
is called bottom plug
The bottom plug shall be provided in all wells and the top shall be kept not lower than 300
mm in the centre above the top of the curb
Height of sump should be 150mm to permit easy flow of concrete through tremie to fill up
all cavities
Concrete shall be laid in one continuous operation till the dredge hole is filled to the
required height
For under water concrete, the concrete shall be placed by tremie under still water condition
and the cement content of the mix be increased by 10 percent
6. Sand Filling
Sand filling shall commence after a period of 14 days of laying of bottom plug. Also, the
height of the bottom plug shall be verified before starting sand filling
Sand shall be clean and free from earth, clay clods, roots, boulders, shingles, etc. and shall
be compacted as directed. Sand filling shall be carried out up to the level shown on the
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The well is sunk by excavating soil from within the well. The hole formed due to the
excavation of soil is called the dredge hole
This sand filling helps in distributing the load of superstructure to the bottom plug
8. Top Plug
A 300 mm. thick plug of cement concrete shall be provided over the filling
9. Well Cap
A reinforced cement concrete well cap will be provided over the top of the steining in
accordance with the drawing
A properly designed false steining may be provided where possible to ensure that the well
cap is laid in dry condition
Sinking
It occurs in two parts:
Through the jack down (about 38-40m) for loading jacks we use anchorage wire HYSD
bars Fe 500
The inclination of the well from the vertical is known as tilt and the horizontal displacement
of the center of the well at the founding level from its theoretical position is known as shift
Sand blow is major reason for shifting of well. Sand blows beneath the well due to increase
in load on one side
The tilt of any well shall not exceed 1 (horizontal) in 80 (vertical), and the shift at the well
base shall not be more than 150 mm in any resultant direction
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a) Segments
b) Ribs
c) Kerb stone
d) Facia panel of crash barrier
4.4.3 Self-compacting concrete
Self-consolidating concrete or self-compacting concrete is characterized by a low yield, high
deformability, and moderate viscosity necessary to ensure uniform suspension of solid particles
during transportation, placement (without external compaction), and thereafter until the concrete
sets.
Such concrete can be used for casting heavily reinforced sections, places where there can be no
access to vibrators for compaction and in complex shapes of formwork which may otherwise be
impossible to cast, giving a far superior surface than conventional concrete. In our case SCC is
used for casting of piers.
4.4.4 QC (quality control) lab
The various tests are performed here for concrete ingredients.
Tests performed for cement:
1. Fineness test
2. Sieve test
3. Settling test
Tests performed for aggregates:
1. Sieve analysis
2. Crushing value test
3. Impact value test
4. 10 % fines value test
5. Silt content
6. Specific gravity
7. Flakiness & elongation test
Test for concrete (non-self compacting concrete):
1. Slump test
2. Settling time test initial settling time, final settling time
3. Crushing value test (performed on cubes)
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5. Present Status
5.1 Eastern Approach
Bituminous road work completed and cement concrete road work in progress.
Embankment and cross drainage works for connecting flyover with Signature Bridge in
progress
Main flyover along Outer Ring Road completed and opened to traffic in Aug 2012
Out of total 18 nos. well foundations, 16 nos. have been completed up to foundation level
The foundation works of all the open foundations (9 nos.) have been completed
Rs 1131 crore.
Rs 929.83 crore.
Rs 709.70 crore.
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7. Conclusion
Summer internship opened our view about civil engineering. Till now we were doing mainly
theoretical studies but during our internship period we were exposed to various dimensions of civil
engineering. We got to know practically about various aspects of bridge construction. Besides civil
engineering we got opportunity to learn about management of such a big project. Handling such a
project requires a great dedicated team effort. This training provided us the practical knowledge
which cannot be explained in the institute campus nor in any laboratory.
8. References
1. Richi Verma (Jan. 16, 2014),Sun to light signature bridge. The Times of India
2. Presentation to MD DTTDC 07.04.14
3. May 28, 2014, Signature Bridge delayed, LG slams tourism industry. The Times of India
4. R. Kathik, Well Foundation. Youtube <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mhxl7EH-b9I>
5. Foundation (engineering), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)>
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