Maths Quest Specialist 12 Textbook 4E TI-Nspire CAS Companion

MATHS QUEST 12
Specialist
Mathematics
4TH EDITION
TI-NSPIRE C AS C ALCULATOR COMPANION
VCE M AT H EM AT I CS U N I T S 3 & 4
MATHS QUEST 12
Specialist
Mathematics
RAYMOND ROZEN | PAULINE HOLLAND | BRIAN HODGSON
HOWARD LISTON | JENNIFER NOLAN | GEOFF PHILLIPS
4TH EDITION
TI-NSPIRE C AS C ALCULATOR COMPANION
First published 2013 by

John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
42 McDougall Street, Milton, Qld 4064
Typeset in 10/12 pt Times LT Std
John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 2013
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ISBN: 978 1 118 31811 9
978 1 118 31809 6 (flexisaver)
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Contents
Introduction
vi
CHAPTER 6
Integral calculus
CHAPTER 1
Coordinate geometry
15
21
Relations and regions of the

complex plane 27
CHAPTER 5
29
53
CHAPTER 9
Vectors
CHAPTER 4
Differential calculus
CHAPTER 8
Kinematics
CHAPTER 3
Complex numbers
CHAPTER 7
Differential equations
CHAPTER 2
Circular functions
37
63
CHAPTER 10
Vector calculus
CHAPTER 11
Mechanics
79
71
47
Introduction
This booklet is designed as a companion to Maths Quest 12 Specialist Mathematics Fourth Edition.
It contains worked examples from the student text that have been re-worked using the TI-Nspire CX
CAS calculator with Operating System v3.
The content of this booklet will be updated online as new operating systems are released by Texas
Instruments.
The companion is designed to assist students and teachers in making decisions about the judicious use of
CAS technology in answering mathematical questions.
The calculator companion booklet is also available as a PDF file on the eBookPLUS under the
preliminary section of Maths Quest 12 Specialist Mathematics Fourth Edition.
vi
Introduction
Chapter 1
Coordinate geometry
Worked example 4
Sketch the graph of y =
x2 + 2
including all asymptotes and intercepts.
3x
think
1
On a Graphs page, complete the entry

line as:
x2 + 2
f 1( x ) =
3x
then press ENTER .
To determine the equation of the oblique

asymptote,
Write/display
x2 + 2
into two functions.
3x
To do this on a Calculator screen press:
MENU b
2: Number 2
7: Fraction Tools 7
1: Proper Fraction 1
Complete the entry line as:
propfrac(f1(x))
then press ENTER .
divide y =
Write the equations of the asymptotes.
The equations of the asymptotes are:

1
x = 0 and y = x .
3
Chapter 1 Coordinate geometry
To determine the turning points, press:

MENU b
3: Algebra 3
1: Solve 1
MENU b
4: Calculus 4
1: Derivative 1
d
solve ( f 1( x )) = 0, x
dx
then press ENTER .
Solving
To find the y-coordinates of the stationary

points by substitution, complete the entry
lines as:
x=
f 1( 2 )
f 1( 2 )
Press ENTER after each entry.
Describe the nature and coordinates of
the stationary points, as deduced from the
graph.
Sketch the graph of y =
2 or x = 2.
The coordinates of the stationary points are:
2 2
Local minimum 2,
d x2 + 2
= 0 for x gives
dx 3 x
2 2
Local maximum 2,
3
x2 + 2.
3x
y
10
x = 0 (Asymptote)
10
0
5
10
Maths Quest 12 Specialist Mathematics
1
y = x (Asymptote)
3
x
10
Worked example 12
Sketch the graph of
( x 1) 2 ( y 2) 2
+
= 1.
25
9
think
1
Write/display
Compare
( x 1)2 ( y 2)2
+
= 1 with
25
9
( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2
+
= 1.
a2
b2
h = 1, k = 2 and so the centre is (1, 2).

a2 = 25
b2 = 9
a=5
b=3
The major axis is parallel to the x-axis as

a > b.
The extreme points (vertices) parallel to

the x-axis for the ellipse are:
(a + h, k)
(a + h, k)
Vertices are:
(5 + 1, 2)
= (4, 2)
(5 + 1, 2)
= (6, 2)

the y-axis for the ellipse are:
(h, b + k)
(h, b + k)
and
(1, 3 + 2)
= (1, 1)
(1, 3 + 2)
= (1, 5)
Find the x- and y-intercepts.

On a Calculator page, complete the entry
lines as:
( x 1)2 ( y 2)2
+
= 1, x y = 0
solve
25
9
( x 1)2 ( y 2)2
+
= 1, y x = 0
solve
25
9
The x-intercepts are:

35 5
3+5 5
, x =
3
3
The y-intercepts are:
x=
y=
6
10 6 6
10 + 6 6
, y =
5
5
To sketch the graph of the ellipse, on a

Graphs page press:
MENU b
3: Graph Entry/Edit 3
2: Equation 2
4: Ellipse 4
( x h )2 ( y k )2
+
=11
a2
b2
Complete as shown:
( x 1)2 ( y 2 )2
+
=1
52
32
Press ENTER after the entry, the
graph is shown.
1:
Sketch the graph of the ellipse.
+ 66
0, 10
y
6
4
3 55 ,
(4, 2)
4
5
(1, 2)
0
2
(y 2)
+
=1
9
(1, 5)
66
0, 10
(x 1)2
25
(6, 2)
6 x
(1, 1)
3 + 55 ,
Worked example 13
Sketch the graph of
( x 2) 2 ( y + 4) 2
+
= 1.
9
16
think
Write/display
( x 2)2 ( y + 4)2
+
= 1 with
9
16
( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2
+
= 1.
a2
b2
h = 2, k = 4
So the centre is (2, 4).
a2 = 9
b2 = 16
a=3
b=4
Compare
The major axis is parallel to the y-axis as

b > a.

(a + h, k)
(a + h, k)
Vertices are:
(3 + 2, 4)
= (1, 4)

(h, b + k)
(h, b + k)
and
(2, 4 4)
= (2, 8)
(3 + 2, 4)
= (5, 4)
(2, 4 4)
= (2, 0)
Find the x- and y-intercepts.

lines as:
( x 2)2 ( y + 4)2
solve
+
= 1, x y = 0
9
16
( x 2)2 ( y + 4)2
+
= 1, y x = 0
solve
9
16
The x-intercept is x = 2.
The y-intercepts are:
y=
6
12 4
y=
12 + 5 .
3

Graphs page press:
MENU b
2: Equation 2
4: Ellipse 4
1:
( x 2 )2
2
y 4)
(
+
=1
32
42
then press ENTER .
Note that the viewing window has been
changed.
2
12 + 45
0,
3
1
2
4
12 45
0,
3
0 (2, 0)
123456 x
(1, 4)
(2, 4)
8 (2, 8)
10
(5, 4)
(x 2)2
(y + 4)
+
=1
16
Worked example 14
Sketch the graph of 5 x2 + 9(y 2)2 = 45.

think
Write/display
5x2 + 9(y 2)2 = 45
Rearrange and simplify by dividing both

sides by 45 to make the RHS = 1.
Simplify by cancelling.
Compare
Major axis is parallel to the x-axis as a > b.

(a + h, k)
(a + h, k)
Vertices are:
(3 + 0, 2)
= (3, 2)

(h, b + k)
(h, b + k)
and (0, 5 + 2)
or (0, 2 5 )
x 2 ( y 2)2
+
= 1 with
9
5
( x h) 2 ( y k ) 2
+
= 1.
a2
b2
5 x 2 9( y 2)2 45
+
=
45
45
45
2
2
x
( y 2)
+
=1
9
5
h = 0, k = 2 and so the centre is (0, 2).
b2 = 5 as a, b > 0
a2 = 9
a=3
b= 5
(3 + 0, 2)
= (3, 2)
(0, 5 + 2)
(0, 2 + 5 )
(0, 0.24)
(0, 4.24)
Find the x-intercepts.

On a Calculator page, complete the
entry line as:
solve(5 x 2 + 9( y 2)2 = 45, x ) | y = 0
then press ENTER .
x=
8
x=
3 5
5

Graphs page press:
MENU b
2: Equation 2
6: Conic 6
1:
5 x 2 + 0 xy + 9 y 2 + 0 x + 36 y + 9 = 0
then press ENTER .
y
6
(0, 2 + 5 ) 5x2 + 9(y 2)2 = 45
4
2 (0, 2)
(3, 2)
4 3 2
35
,
5
1
0
(3, 2)
0
1
2 (0, 2 5 )
4x
35
,
5
Worked Example 15
Sketch the graph of the relation described by the rule: 25x2 + 150x + 4y2 8y + 129 = 0.
Think
1
Write/Display
To locate the intercepts, on a Calculator

page, complete the entry lines as:
solve( 25 x 2 + 150 x + 4 y 2 8 y + 129 = 0, x )
|y=0
solve( 25 x 2 + 150 x + 4 y 2 8 y + 129 = 0, y )
|x=0
Make a record of the intercepts.

Graphs page press:
MENU b
2: Equation 2
6: Conic 6
1:
25 x 2 + 0 xy + 4 y 2 + 0 x + 8 y + 129 = 0
then press ENTER .
Write the x-intercepts.
x=
x=
15 4
5
15
+4 6
5
y
(3, 6)
(5, 1)
15 46 ,
(3, 1)
6
(1, 1)
3 1 0
4
(3, 4)
15 + 46 ,
x
0
Chapter 1 Coordinate geometry 9
Worked Example 16
Determine the Cartesian equation of the curve with parametric equations x = 2 + 3 sin (t) and
y = 1 2 cos (t) where t R. Describe the graph and state its domain and range.
Think
Write/Display
Use a CAS calculator to sketch the graph

in a Graphs page, in parametric mode, by
completing the entry line as:
x1(t ) = 2 + 3 sin(t )
y1(t ) = 1 2 cos(t )
Then press ENTER .
Rewrite the parameters by isolating cos (t)

and sin (t).
y 1
x2
= sin (t) and = cos (t)
2
3
Square both sides of each equation then

add.
( x 2)2 ( y 1)2
= sin2 (t) + cos2 (t)
+
9
4
=1
Describe the relation.
This represents an ellipse with centre (2, 1).
The domain is the range of the parametric

equation x = 2 + 3 sin (t).
Domain is [2 3, 2 + 3] = [1, 5]
The range is the range of the parametric

equation y = 1 2 cos (t).
Range is [1 2, 1 + 2] = [1, 3]
10 Maths Quest 12 Specialist Mathematics
Worked Example 25
Express each of the following as partial fractions.

a
5 x 2 + 10 x 52
2 x3 5 x2 + 3 x + 7
b
( x 2)( x + 4)
x2 x 2
Think
a
&
b
Write/Display
On a Calculator page, press:

MENU b
3: Algebra 3
3: Expand 3
Complete the entry lines as:
5 x 2 + 10 x 52
expand
( x 2) ( x + 4)
2 x 3 5x 2 + 3x + 7
expand
x2 x 2
Write the answers.
5 x 2 + 10 x 52
2
2
=
+5
( x 2) ( x + 4) x + 4 x 2
2 x 3 5x 2 + 3x + 7
1
3
+ 2x 3
=
+
x2 x 2
x +1 x 2
Worked Example 27
Sketch the graph of the function y =
x 2 5x + 6
.
x4
Think
1
Use a CAS calculator to express the

rational function as partial fractions by
completing the following steps. Press:
MENU b
2: Number 2
7: Fraction Tools 7
1: Proper Fraction 1
x 2 5x + 6
propFrac
x 4
then press ENTER .
Express the function as partial fractions.
Sketch the graphs of y1 = x 1

2
(asymptote) and y2 =
on the same
x
4
axes.
Write/Display
y=
2
+ x 1
x4
y
y1 = x 1
2
y2 = x
4
1 2 3 4
x=4
4
Determine any x-intercepts.
y = 0, x2 5x + 6 = 0
(x 2)(x 3) = 0
x = 2 and x = 3
Determine the y-intercept.
x = 0, y =
Add the two graphs by addition of ordinates

x 2 5x + 6
.
to obtain the graph of y =
x4
6
4
3
y=
2
(3, 0)
(2, 0)
y1 = x 1
2
y2 = x
4
0
(0,
32 )
1 2 3 4
2
y = x 1 + x
4
x=4
Open a Graphs page, and complete the

entry lines as;
f 1( x ) = x 1
2
x4
f 3 ( x ) = f 1( x ) + f 2 ( x )
f 2( x ) =
then press ENTER .
ChapTer 2
Circular functions
Worked example 2
If cosec (x) = 43 and, 0 x 90, find x (to the nearest tenth of a degree).
Think
1
express the equation cosec (x) =

in terms of sin (x).

Menu b
3: Algebra 3
1: Solve 1
Complete the entry line as
WriTe
4
3
cosec ( x ) =
1
4
=
sin( x ) 3
4
1
solve
= , x | 0 x 90
sin( x ) 3
Then press enTeR .
Alternatively, the three reciprocal
functions are built into the TI-nspire.
They can be accessed by the key, or
through the catalogue, or you can simply
use the letter keys and enter csc, sec or
cot as needed.
3
Write the solution.
Solving cosec (x) = 43 for

x [0,90], x = 48.5904
Round off the answer to 1 decimal place.
x = 48.6
ChapTer 2 Circular functions
15
Worked Example 12
Solve cosec (x) = 1.8 over the interval 0 x 4. Give your answer(s) correct to 2 decimal places.
Think
Write

Menu b
3: Algebra 3
1: Solve 1
solve (csc(x) = 1.8, x) | 0 x 4
Then press ENTER .
Write the solution.
Solving cosec (x) = 1.8 over the interval

0 x 4 gives
Round the answers to 2 decimal places.
x = 0.59, 2.55, 6.87, 8.84
Worked Example 13
a Expand, and simplify where possible, each of the following.
i sin (x 2y)ii cos (x + 30)

b Simplify the expression sin (2x) cos (y) + cos (2x) sin (y).
Think
i On a Calculator page, press:

& MENU b
ii 3: Algebra 3
Write
i
&
ii
B: Trigonometry B
1: Expand 1
Complete then entry lines as
shown, then press ENTER .
Write the appropriate compoundangle formula.
Substitute A = 2x and B = y to
reveal the answer.
Alternatively, on a Calculator page,

press:
Menu b
3: Algebra 3
B: Trigonometry B
2: Collect 2
tCollect(sin(2x)cos(y) + cos(2x)sin(y))
Then press ENTER .
Write the solution.
sin (A) cos (B) + cos (A) sin (B) = sin (A + B)

sin (2x) cos (y) + cos (2x) sin (y) = sin (2x + y)
sin (2x) cos (y) + cos (2x) sin (y) = sin (2x + y)
Chapter 2 Circular functions 17
Worked Example 15
Simplify:
a sin (270 C)b sec

.
2
Think
a
&
b

Menu b
3: Algebra 3
3: Expand 3
expand(sin (270 c), c)
,
expand sec
2

Write
a
&
b

Note: The calculator should be in
degree mode for the first expansion
above, and radian mode for the
second.
2
Express the answer as a reciprocal

function.
sec = cosec( )
2
Worked example 16
5
Find the exact value of cot
.
12
Think
WriTe
express
express cot in terms of its reciprocal,
use the appropriate compound-angle

formula to expand the denominator.
5

cot = cot +
4 6
12
5
as the sum of and .
6
4
12
express in simplest fraction form.
Simplify.
1
.
tan
tan
+
4 6
1
tan + tan
4
6

1 tan tan
4
6
1 tan tan
4
6
tan + tan
4
6
1
3
1
1 (1)
1+
1
1+
1
3
1
3
3 1
3
3 +1
3
3 1
3 +1
Rationalise the denominator.
( 3 1)( 3 1)
( 3 + 1)( 3 1)
Simplify.
3 2 3 +1
31
42 3
2
= 2 3
=
ChapTer 2 Circular functions
19
Note: It is possible to check the answer

using a calculator.
line as:
5
cot
12
then press enTeR .
20
ChapTer 3
Complex numbers
Worked example 1
Using the imaginary number i, write down an expression for:

16
Think
a
&
b
WriTe
Change the document settings to

Rectangular mode. To do this, press:
HOME c
5: Settings 5
2: Settings 2
2: Document Settings 2
Tab down to Real or Complex and
select Rectangular.

entry lines as:
a
&
b
16
5
ChapTer 3 Complex numbers
21
Worked Example 4
Simplify z = i4 2i2 + 1 and w = i6 3i4 + 3i2 1.

Think
Write

lines as:
i4 2i2 + 1
i6 3i4 + 3i2 1
Write the answer.
z=4
w = 8
Worked Example 5
Evaluate each of the following.

1 3 i i 2 i3
a Re(7 + 6i)b Im(10)c Re(2 + i 3i3)d Im
2
Think
Write
a , b , 1 On a Calculator page, press:

Menu b
c &
2: Number 2
d
9: Complex Number Tools 9

2: Real Part 2 or
3: Imaginary Part 3
real(7 + 6i)
imag(10)
real(2 + i 3i2)
1 3i i 2 i 3
imag
2
2
Write the answers.
a Re(7 + 6i) = 7
b Im(10) = 0
c Re(2 + i 3i3) = 2
1 3i i 2 i3
= 1
d Im
Worked Example 10
Determine Re(z2w) + Im(zw2) for z = 4 + i and w = 3 i.

Think
1

lines as:
Define z = 4 + i
Define w = 3 i
Then press:
Menu b
2: Number 2
2: Real Part 2
real(z2 w) + imag(z w2)
Then press ENTER .
Note: The imaginary part can be found in
the same menu as the real part.
Write the answer.
Write
Re(z2 w) + Im(zw2) = 37
Worked Example 12
Write down the conjugate of each of the following complex numbers.

a 8 + 5ib 2 3i
Think
a
&
b

Menu b
2: Number 2
1: Complex Conjugate 1
conj (8 + 5i)
conj (2 3i)
Write the answers.
Write
a8 5i
b 2 + 3i
Chapter 3 Complex numbers 23
Worked Example 16
If z = a + bi, find a and b such that

Think
1
5 z 15
= 4 3 i.
z1
Write

Menu b
3: Algebra 3
C: Complex C
1: Solve 1
5z 15
= 4 3i, z
cSolve
z 1
Then press ENTER .
a is the real part of z, b is the

imaginarypart.
a = 2, b = 3
Worked Example 17
Find the modulus of the complex number z = 8 6i.

Think
1

Menu b
2: Number 2
5: Magnitude 5
|8 6i|
Then press ENTER .
Write the answer.
Write
|z| = |8 6i| = 10
Worked Example 23
Express each of the following in polar form, r cis (), where = arg(z), < .
a z = 1 + ib z = 1 3 i
Think
a
&
b

entry line as:
1+i
Then press:
Menu b
2: Number 2
6: Convert to Polar 6
Then press ENTER .
Write the answer.
Use the relationship rei = r cos () + ir sin

() to express the answer in the required
form. The calculator always gives in
principle valued form.
Write
a
&
b
For a , 1 + i = 2 cis
4
Key in 1 3i and repeat the above

procedure.
4
Write the answer.
For b , 1 3i = 2e
= 2cis
3
Chapter 3 Complex numbers 25
Worked Example 36
a If f(z) = z3 + 7z2 + 16z + 10, find all factors of f(z) over C.

b Factorise P(z) = z3 (3 i)z2 + 2z 6 + 2i.
Think
a
&
b

Menu b
3: Algebra 3
C: Complex C
2: Factor 2
Complete the entry lines as
cFactor (z3 + 7z2 + 16z + 10, z)
cFactor (z3 (3 i)z2 + 2z 6 + 2i, z)
Write the answers in the required

form.
Write
a
&
b
For a, the three factors of P(z) are

(z + 1), (z + 3 i) and (z + 3 + i)
For b, P( z ) = ( z 3 + i)( z + 2i)( z 2i)
CHAPTER 4
Relations and regions

of the complex plane
WORKED EXAMPLE 16
Express each of the following expressions in Cartesian form.

a Re(z + 5)
b Im(z 2 3i)
c | z 4 + 2i |
THINK
a , 1 On a Calculator page, complete the

entry lines as:
b
Define z = x + yi
&
Then press ENTER .
c
To answer part a press:
MENU b
2: Number 2
2: Real Part 2 or
3: Imaginary Part 3 or
5: Magnitude 5
real(z + 5)
imag(z 2 3i)
| z 4 + 2i |
Write the answers.
WRITE
a,
b
&
c
For a , Re(z + 5) = x + 5.
For b , Im(z 2 3i) = y 3.
For c , | z 4 + 2i | = x 2 8 x + y 2 + 4 y + 20 .
CHAPTER 4 Relations and regions of the complex plane
27
ChapTer 5
Differential calculus
Worked example 1
Differentiate the following expressions with respect to x.

4x
a y = tan (6 x)
b y = 2 tan
3
Think
a
&
b

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
1: Derivative 1
d
(tan(6 x ))
dx
WriTe
a
&
b
d
4x
2tan
dx
3
Press enTeR after each entry.
Write the solutions.
For a,
d
6
[tan(6 x )] =
dx
[cos(6 x )]2
For b,
d
dx
2tan
4x =

3
3 cos
8
4x
3
ChapTer 5 Differential calculus
29
Worked Example 4
Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = 3x + cos (2x) + tan (x) where x =
Think
1
.
4
Write

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
9: Tangent Line 9
tangentLine 3 x + cos(2 x ) + tan( x ), x ,
4
Then press ENTER .
Write the solution.
Equation of the tangent is y = 3x + 1
Worked example 6
Find, using calculus, f ( x) if f ( x) is equal to:

a ecos (2x) + loge (x)
sin( x )
.
x
Think
a
&
b

entry line as:
f (x) : = ecos (2x) + ln(x)
Then press enTeR .
Note: The syntax used here is
another way of defining a function or
variable. You can use the Define or
Store methods if you prefer.
WriTe
a
&
b
d2
( f ( x ))
dx 2
Then press enTeR .
Write the solution.
The second derivative,

f '' ( x ) = [4sin 2 (2 x ) 4cos(2 x )]e cos (2 x )
1
x2

entry line as:
sin( x )
f (x) : =
x
d2
( f ( x ))
dx 2
ChapTer 5 Differential calculus
31
Write the solution.
You may rearrange the answer to

a form similar to that given in the
solution obtained manually as follows.
Press:
Menu b
3: Algebra 3
2: Factor 2
Then select and paste the previous
answer to obtain the entry line:
The second derivative,
cos ( x )
3
1
sin( x )
f ( x ) = 5
3
x
2
x2
4x
3
1
cos( x )
sin( x )
factor 5
3
x

4x 2
x2
Then press enTeR .
7
Write the solution.
The second derivative:

(3 4 x 2 ) sin( x ) 4 x cos ( x )
f ( x ) =
5
4x 2
Worked example 16
Find the equation of the normal to the curve with equation:

x
y = 2cos 1 at the point where x = 3 .
2
Think
32
On a calculator page, press:

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
A: normalLine A
x
normalLine 2 cos1 , x , 3
2
Then press enTeR .
Write your solution in an appropriate

form.
WriTe
The equation of the normal is y =
x
3
+ .
2 2 3
Worked Example 18
Find the antiderivative for each of the following expressions:

3
20
1
b
a
c
.
2
2
16 + x 2
25 x
49 x
Think
Write
a , 1 On a Calculator page, press:

Menu b
b
4: Calculus 4
&
3: Integral 3
c
1
dx
2
25 x
3
dx
2
49 x
20
dx
16 + x 2

Note: The calculator finds the second
form of the antiderivative in part b . Also,
it does not include the constant. You will
have to do that yourself.
2
Write your solutions, remembering to

include the constant of integration.
a
b
c
1
25
x2
x
dx = sin 1 + c
5
x2
x
dx = 3sin 1 + c
7
49
20
x
dx = 5tan 1 + c
4
16 + x 2
Chapter 5 Differential calculus 33
Worked Example 21
Differentiate the equation y2 + 3x2 = 4 to find

Think
1

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
E: Implicit Differentiation E
impDif (y2 + 3x2 = 4, x, y)
Then press ENTER .
Substitute for y as in part a (which

is preferable in this straightforward
equation) or continue to use the calculator
to make y the subject in the equation.
Press:
Menu b
3: Algebra 3
1: Solve 1
Solve (y2 + 3x2 = 4, y)
Then press ENTER .
Express the domain, 3x2 4 0

shown in the screen in a more appropriate
form. Take care to change to < as y is in
the denominator in the solution.
Write your solution, remembering to

include the domain.
dy
in terms of x.
dx
Write
3
3
<x<
2 3
3
2 3
dy
3x
2 3
=
;
<x<
2
dx
3
3
4 3x
Worked Example 23
dy
For x2y2 + y = 2, find the gradient of the tangent,
, at the point (1, 2). Hence, determine the
dx
equation of the tangent at this point.
Think
1
Write
The gradient of the implicit function can

be found using a CAS calculator.
To do this, on a Calculator page, press:
Menu b
4: Calculus 4
E: Implicit Differentiation E
impDif (x2 y2 + y = 2, x,y)| x = 1 and
y = 2
Then press ENTER .
8
The gradient of the tangent at (1, 2) is .
Use this information and the general 3
equation of a straight line to determine the
equation of the tangent.
y y1 = m( x x1 )
8
y 2 = ( x 1)
3
8x 8
y+2=
3 3
8x 8
y=
2
3 3
8 x 14
y=
3
3
Chapter 5 Differential calculus 35
ChapTer 6
Integral calculus
Worked example 1
Find the antiderivative of the following expressions.

3 x2 + 1
a (x + 3)7
b 4x(2 x2 + 1)4
c
x3 + x
Think
a
&
b
WriTe

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
3: Integral 3
a
&
b
( x + 3)7 dx
(4 x (2 x 2 + 1)4 ) dx
3x 2 + 1
dx
3
x +x

Note: The calculator cannot
determine the solution for part c .
It simply returns the input you
entered. You will have to do this
problem manually. Also, it does not
include the constant for any of the
antiderivatives. ensure you include
the constant with your answers.
Write your solutions, remembering

to include the constant of integration.
Recognise that 3x2 + 1 is the

derivative of x3 + x. Let u = x3 + x.
Find
du
.
dx
( x + 3)8
+c
8
(2 x 2 + 1)5
4 x (2 x 2 + 1)4 dx = 5 + c
( x + 3)7 dx =
Let u = x3 + x.
du
= 3x 2 + 1
dx
ChapTer 6 Integral calculus
37
Worked Example 2
Antidifferentiate the following functions with respect to x.

x+3
2
3
a f ( x) = 2
b f ( x ) = ( x 1) cos( 3 x x )
( x + 6 x )3
Think
Write

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
3: Integral 3
x+3
dx
2
( x + 6 x )3
Then press ENTER .
The answer is in an equivalent but
more complex form than the solution
found manually.
Collect the terms in factorised

form over a common denominator as
follows:
Press:
Menu b
3: Algebra 3
2: Factor 2
( x + 9)
1
1
+
factor
2
432( x + 6)
432 x 144 x 2
Then press ENTER .
(x
x+3
1
+c
dx = 2
3
4 x ( x + 6)2
+ 6x)

Express in integral notation.
Recognise that x2 1 is a multiple of

the derivative of 3x x3.
Let u = 3x x3.
Let u = 3x x3.
Find
du
.
dx
du
= 3 3x 2
dx
= 3(1 x2)
= 3(x2 1)
( x 2 1) cos(3x x 3 ) dx
Substitute u for 3x x3 and

( x 2 1) =
du
.
3 dx
So ( x 2 1) cos(3 x x 2 ) dx
1
du
dx
3 dx
cos u du
dx
=
3 dx
cos u
du
=
3
1
cos u du
=
3
= cos u
Antidifferentiate with respect to u.
Replace u with 3x x3.
sin
+c
sin(3 x
x3)
+c
Chapter 6 Integral calculus 39
Worked Example 7
Find the antiderivative of the following expressions.

x
2
a sin2
x
4
b 2 cos2
Think
Write
x
Use identity 1 to change sin2 .
2
sin2 2 dx
= 12 [1 cos( x )] dx
1
2
[1 cos( x )] dx
Take the factor of 2 to the front of the

integral.
Antidifferentiate by rule.
= 12 [ x sin( x )] + c
Simplify the answer.
If you use a calculator for problems

such as these, you may find the
answer expressed in a form that is
different from the ones above.
The screen dump shows the result, in
the first line, of part a done using a
CAS calculator.
The compact form shown in the
second line can be obtained as
follows.
Press:
Menu b
3: Algebra 3
B: Trigonometry B
2: Collect 2
x 1
sin( x ) + c
2 2
x
x
x
tCollect sin cos
2
2
2
Then press ENTER .
sin2 2 dx =
x sin( x )
+c
2

x
Use identity 2 to change cos2 .
4
2(
Simplify the integral.
1 + cos 2 dx
x
= x + 2sin + c
2
2cos 4 dx
1
2
) 1 + cos 2x dx
x
Worked example 12
For each of the following rational expressions:

i express as partial fractions
ii antidifferentiate the result.
x+7
2x 3
a
b 2
( x + 2 )( x 3)
x 3x 4
Think
WriTe
a i 1 express the rational expression
as two separate fractions with

denominators (x + 2) and
(x 3) respectively.
x+7
a
b
=
+
( x + 2)( x 3) ( x + 2) ( x 3)
a( x 3) + b( x + 2)
( x + 2)( x 3)
express the partial fractions

with the original common
denominator.
equate the numerator on the

left-hand side with the righthand side.
so
Let x = 2 so that a can be

evaluated.
Let x = 2, and thus 5 = 5a
Solve for a.
Let x = 3 so that b can be

evaluated.
Solve for b.
Rewrite the rational expression

as partial fractions.
A CAS calculator can convert

expressions in partial fraction
form as follows.
Press:
Menu b
3: Algebra 3
3: expand 3
x + 7 = a(x 3) + b(x + 2)
a = 1
Let x = 3, and thus 10 = 5b
b=2
Therefore
1
x+7
2
=
+
( x + 2)( x 3) x + 2 x 3
x+7
expand
( x + 2)( x 3)
Then press enTeR .
10
ii 1 express the integral in partial
fraction form.
x+7
2
1
=
( x + 2)( x 3) x 3 x + 2
Write the answer.
ii
x+7
(x + 2)(x 3) dx
1
2
=
x + 2 + x 3 dx
= loge (| x + 2 |) + 2 loge (| x 3 |) + c;
x R\{2, 3}
41
( x 3)2
= loge
+ c; x R\{ 2, 3}
|
+
|
x
2
Simplify using log laws.
b i 1 Factorise the denominator.
2x 3
2x 3
=
x 2 3 x 4 ( x 4)( x + 1)
express the partial fractions

with denominators (x 4) and
(x + 1) respectively.
a
b
+
x 4 x +1
express the right-hand side

with the original common
denominator.
a( x + 1) + b( x 4)
( x 4)( x + 1)
equate the numerators.
So 2x 3 = a(x + 1) + b(x 4)
Let x = 4 to evaluate a.
Let x = 4,
Solve for a.
Let x = 1 to evaluate b.
Solve for b.
Rewrite the rational expression

as partial fractions.
ii 1 express the integral in its
partial fraction form.
a=1
Let x = 1, 5 = 5b
b=1
Therefore
ii
2x 3
1
1
=
+
x 3x 4
x 4 x +1
2
2x 3
dx
x 3x 4
2
42
5 = 5a
1 + 1 dx
x 4 x + 1
= loge (| x 4 |) + loge (| x + 1|) + c
= loge (| x 4 |)(| x + 1|) + c; x R\{1, 4}

or loge (| x2 3x 4 |) + c; x R\{1, 4}
Worked example 16
Evaluate the following definite integrals.

a
x2
dx
x2 + 5 x + 4
cos( x ) 1 + sin( x ) dx
Think
WriTe
x2
0 x 2 + 5x + 4 dx
Write the integral.
Factorise the denominator of the

integrand.
express in partial fraction form

with denominators x + 1 and x + 4.
a
b
+
x +1 x + 4
express the partial fractions with

the original common denominator.
a( x + 4) + b( x + 1)
x 2 + 5x + 4
equate the numerators.
Let x = 1 to find a.
Let x = 1, 3 = 3a
a = 1
Let x = 4 to find b.
Let x = 4, 6 = 3b
b=2
Rewrite the integral in partial

fraction form.
So
Consider:
x2
x2
=
x + 5 x + 4 ( x + 1)( x + 4)
2
x 2 = a(x + 4) + b(x + 1)
x2
dx
x 2 + 5x + 4
2
1
2
+
dx
x +1 x + 4
Antidifferentiate the integrand.
= [ loge (| x + 1 |) + 2loge (| x + 4 |)]20
10
evaluate the integral.
= [loge (3) + 2 loge (6)] [loge (1) + 2 loge (4)]

= loge (3) + 2 loge (6) 2 loge (4)
11
= 2 loge (1.5) loge (3)

= loge (2.25) loge (3)
= loge (0.75)
(or approx. 2.88)
12
You may attempt this problem using

a CAS calculator.
On a Calculator page, press
Menu b
4: Calculus 4
3: Integral 3
x2
( x 2 + 5 x + 4) dx
Then press enTeR .

Pressing Ctrl / enTeR will
give an approximate answer.
13
Write the solution.
x2
3
dx = loge
4
( x 2 + 5 x + 4)
2.88
43
Write the integral.
Let u = 1 + sin (x) to antidifferentiate.
Find
cos( x ) dx =
du
dx
dx
cos( x ) dx =
Change terminals by finding u
when x = 0 and x = .
2
When x = 0,
Simplify the integrand.
So
Let u = 1 + sin (x)

du
= cos( x )
dx
du
.
dx
When x =
, u = 1 + sin
2
2
=1+1
=2
2 1
u2
1
2 1
u2
1
du
dx
dx
du
3 2
= 23 u 2
1
evaluate the integral.
= 23 2 2 23 12
=
or
9
using CAS, press

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
3: Integral 3
Then press enTeR .
44
u = 1 + sin (0)
=1
=
=
du
dx
dx
4 2 2
3
3
4 22
3
Worked Example 19
Find the area bounded by the curves y = x2 2 and y = 2x + 1.

Think
1
Write
On a Calculator page,
complete the entry line as:
3
1 ( x 2 2 (2 x + 1)) dx
Then press ENTER .
State the solution.
The area bounded by the two curves is 10 3

square units.
Chapter 6 Integral calculus 45
ChapTer 7
Differential equations
Worked example 7
Find the general solution to
dy
1
= 2x +
.
dx
1 x2
Think
1
WriTe

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
D: Differential equation Solver D
1
deSolve y = 2 x +
, x , y ,
2
1 x
then press enTeR .
The general solution is y = sin 1 (x) + x2 + c.
Write the solution.
Worked example 8
Find the particular solution to h(t) =
t
t2
+9
Think
1
where h(4) = 1.
WriTe

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
D: Differential equation Solver D.
t
deSolve h' =
and h(4) = 1, t , h ,
2
t +9
then press enTeR .
Write the solution.
The particular solution is h(t ) = t 2 + 9 4.
ChapTer 7 Differential equations
47
Worked Example 10
x
Find the general solution to f ( x ) = e 2 2.

Think
1
Write

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
D: Differential Equation Solver D
x
deSolve y = e 2 2, x , y ,
then press ENTER .
Write the solution.
The general solution is

x
y = 4e 2 x 2 + cx + d .
Worked Example 11
Find the particular solution to y(x) = 4 sin (2x + ) given that y(0) = 1 and y(0) = 4.
Think
1

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
deSolve(y = 4 sin (2x + ) and y(0) = 1
and y(0) = 4, x, y),
then press ENTER .
Write the solution. Note that it is different

from but equivalent to the solution found
manually.
Write
The particular solution is

y = sin (2x) x + 4.
Worked example 13
Find general solutions for each of the following differential equations.

dy
=y
a
dx
b y(x) = tan (y)
Think
WriTe

Menu b
4: Calculus 4
D: Differential equation Solver D
deSolve(y = y, x, y),
then press enTeR .
Write the solution, making sure to

write the integration constant in a
conventional form.
express the derivative as
Invert both sides of the differential

equation.
Simplify
Let u = sin (y) to antidifferentiate

using the derivative present method.
Find
du
into
Substitute u and cos ( y) =
dy
the integral.
dy
.
dx
1
.
tan( y)
du
.
dy
The general solution is y = Aex.
y(x) = tan (y)

dx
= tan ( y)
dy
dx
1
=
,y0
dy tan( y)
=
cos( y)
sin( y)
cos( y)
dy
sin( y)
Let u = sin (y)
x=
du
= cos (y)
dy
x=
1 du
dy
u dy
Simplify the integrand.
du
u
= loge (| u |) + c
Replace u by sin ( y).
x = loge (| sin (y) |) + c
10
Subtract c from both sides.
x c = loge (| sin (y) |)
11
express the equation in exponential

form.
e x c = | sin (y) |
ChapTer 7 Differential equations
49
50
12
Write the constant in a more suitable

form.
| sin (y) | = ecex
13
Remove the modulus sign and take

sin1 of both sides to make y the
subject.
sin (y) = ecex

y = sin1 (Ae x), where A = ec
14
State the solution.
Therefore, the general solution is y = sin1 (Ae x).
Worked Example 14
1
a Find the particular solution of y = 1 y 2 if y(0) = 2 .
b State the largest domain for which the solution applies.

Think
a
&
b

entry line as:
1
deSolve y = 1 y 2 and y(0) = , x , y ,
2
then press ENTER .
The solution does not have y as the

subject. You can do this yourself
manually to obtain the solution.
Alternatively, you can use the solve

feature of the calculator as follows.
Press:
Menu b
3: Algebra 3
1: Solve 1.
solve sin 1 ( y) = x , y ,
6
then press ENTER .
The domain, as given by the

calculator, has to be re-worked into
2
the form:
x .
3
3
However, although this is a valid
domain for the solution of the
trigonometric equation, the end
points of this domain are not valid
for the differential equation due to
the 1 y 2 term in the denominator.
Putting all of this together, write
down the correct domain.
Write
a
&
b
The particular solution is y = sin x + .

6
Domain is
<x< .
3
3
Chapter 7 Differential equations 51
Worked Example 24
Use the numerical integration method to find the value of y when x = 15 if

at x = 0.
Think
dy
= 2 x , given that y = 1
dx
Write
15
Substitute appropriate values and

expressions, a = 0, b = 1 and f(x) = 2x, in
the formula. On a Calculator page, press:
Menu b
4: Calculus 4
y(15) =
2 x dx + 1
0
F: Numerical Calculations F
3: Numerical Integral 3
nInt(2x,x,0,15) + 1,
then press ENTER .
Write the answer.
The value of y when x = 15 is 226.
Find the antiderivative of 2x.
y = x2 + c
Evaluate the constant by applying the

initial condition y(0) = 1.
y = x2 + 1
Substitute x = 15 and compare the new

answer to the previous one.
y = 225 + 1 = 226
The answers are the same.
Chapter 8
Kinematics
Worked example 3
The position of a particle moving in a straight line is given by:

x(t) = 2t3 + t loge (t) 4, t > 0.
Find:
a the velocity at any time t
b the acceleration at any time t.
think
To determine the velocity at any

time, differentiate x with respect
to t, using a CAS calculator by
completing the following steps.
Define the function x(t). To do this,
on a Calculator page, press:
MENU b
1: Actions 1
1: Define 1
Define x(t) = 2t3 + t ln(t) 4
then press ENTER .
Differentiate x with respect to t.

To do this press:
MENU b
4: Calculus 4
1: Derivative 1
d
( x (t ))
dt
then press ENTER .
Write the solution using the correct

notation and variables.
Write
The velocity at any time is given as:

v(t) = loge (t) + 6t2 + 1.
Chapter 8 Kinematics
53
To determine the acceleration at any

time, differentiate the velocity with
respect to t. To do this, complete the
entry line as:
d
(ln(t ) + 6 t 2 + 1)
dt
then press ENTER .
Write the solution using the correct

notation and variables.
See the screen above.
The acceleration at any time is given as:

1
a(t ) = 12t + .
t
Worked example 4
Find the acceleration in terms of x if x(t) = sin (2t) cos (2t).

think
54
To find the acceleration given the

position, on a Calculator page, complete
the entry line as:
d2
(sin(2t ) cos(2t ))
dt 2
then press ENTER .
Note: The second derivative template is
located in the Maths expression template.
Write the solution in terms of x.
Write
a(t) = 4 cos (2t) 4 sin (2t)

a(t) = 4 (sin (2t) cos (2t))
But x = sin (2t) cos (2t)
a(x) = 4x
Worked Example 6
The acceleration of a particle moving in straight line is given by:

dv
= 5 e t 6 t + 4 cm/s2, where v is the velocity at any time.
dt
If the particle starts at the origin with a velocity of 1 cm/s, find:
a the velocity at any time t
b the displacement x (t) from the origin at any time t
c the displacement from the origin 1 second.
Think
a Solving the differential equation, to find
Write
the velocity press:

MENU b
4: Calculus 4
Complete then entry line as:
deSolve ( v ' = 5et 6t + 4 and v ( 0 ) = 1, v , t )
then press ENTER .
b Solving the differential equation, to find

& the displacement press:
c MENU b
b
&
c
4: Calculus 4
Complete then entry line as:
deSolve (x ' = 5et 3t 2 + 4t 5
and x ( 0 ) = 0, x , t )
then press ENTER .
To find the displacement after 1 second,

complete as shown.
Chapter 8 Kinematics 55
Worked Example 7
The acceleration of a body travelling in a straight line is given by:

a(t) = 6t 2 m/s2; when t = 0, x = 0 and v = 1.
a Find the displacement at any time t.
b Find the distance travelled in the first 3 seconds.
Think
Write
To find the displacement at any

time t, first find the velocity by
antidifferentiating a with respect
to t, using a CAS calculator by
To do this, on a Calculator page,
complete the entry lines as:
Define a(t) = 6t 2
(a(t)) dt

To find the constant of integration
complete the entry lines as:
Define v(t) = 3t2 2t + c
solve(v(0) = 1,c)
2
State the velocity at any time.
Antidifferentiate v to find the

displacement x by completing the
entry line as:
(3t
v(t) = 3t2 2t 1
2t 1) dt
then pressing ENTER .

The constant of integration can be
found by completing the entry lines
as:
Define x(t) = t3 t2 t + d
solve(x(0) = 0,d)
State the displacement at any time t.
To find when the object might have

changed direction, find t when v = 0.
Define x(t) = t3 t2 t
Define v(t) = 3t2 2t 1
solve(v(t) = 0,t)
1
Since t , t = 1
3
x(0)
x(1)
x(3)
x(t) = t3 t2 t
b
Therefore the body travels 16 m in the first three

seconds of motion.
Write the solution given that

Distance = |x(3) x(0)| + |x(1) x(0)|.
Solving v(t) = 0, for t gives
1
t = 0 as t
3
x(0) = 0
x(1) = 1
x(3) = 15
Distance = |x(3) x(0)| + |x(1) x(0)|
= 16
Therefore the body travels 16 m in the first
3 seconds of motion.
Chapter 8 Kinematics 57
Worked Example 9
A ball is thrown vertically upward from a platform 16 metres above the ground and has an initial
velocity of 24.5 m/s. Find:
a the maximum height above the platform that the ball reaches
b the time taken to reach the maximum height
c the time taken for the ball to fall to the ground from the maximum height
d the total time the ball is in the air
e the speed of the ball when it returns to the level of the platform
f the speed of the ball when it hits the ground.
Think
Sketch a diagram of the motion of

the ball.
Consider up to be positive and down
to be negative.
Write
v=0
a = 9.8 m/s2
Platform
t=0
16 m u = 24.5
Ground
At its maximum height the velocity

of the ball, v, is 0.
v = 0 at the balls maximum height.
List what is given and what has to be

found.
Given: u = 24.5
v = 0

a = 9.8
Require: s = ?
Select an appropriate formula.
v2 = u2 + 2as
Using the CAS calculator to solve

the equation for s, the displacement,
solve(02 = 24.52 + 2 9.8 s,s)
then press ENTER .
Write the solution.
List the given information and what

has to found.
Solving 02 = 24.52 + 2 (9.8) s for

s gives s = 30.625 m.
Therefore, the maximum height reached above the
platform is 30.625 metres.
b
u = 24.5
a = 9.8
v=0
t=?
v = u + at
Using the CAS calculator solve the

equation for t.
solve(0 = 24.5 9.8 t,t)
then press ENTER .
State the solution.
Sketch another diagram for the ball

falling from its maximum height.
Solving 0 = 24.5 9.8 t for t gives t = 2.5.

Therefore, the ball takes 2.5 seconds to reach its
maximum height.
c
Max. height
u=0
30.625 m
Platform
a = 9.8 m/s2
16 m
Ground

has to be found.
Both a and s are negative as their
direction is downwards.
Using a CAS calculator to solve the

equation for t, complete the entry line
as:
1
solve(46.625 = 0 t + 2 9.8 t2,t)
Given: u = 0
a = 9.8
s = (30.625 + 16)
= 46.625
Require: t = ?
s = ut + 12 at 2
Then press ENTER .
Write the solution.
Solving 46.625 = 0 (t) + 2 (9.8) t2 for t

gives t = 3.085.
Therefore, it takes approximately 3.085 seconds
for the ball to fall to the ground from its maximum
height.
59
60
Add the time travelling up to the

time travelling down.
State the answer.

has to be found.
Using the CAS calculator to solve

the equation for v, complete the entry
line as:
solve(v2 = 02 + 2 9.8 30.625, v)
Then press ENTER .
Write the solution.
List the information and what has to

be found.
Use the CAS calculator to solve for v.

solve(v2 = 02 + 2 9.8 46.625, v)
then press ENTER .
Write the solution.
Total time = 2.5 + 3.085

= 5.585
Therefore, the ball is in the air for approximately
5.585 seconds.
u=0
a = 9.8
s = 30.625
v=?
v2 = u2 + 2as
Solving v2 = 02 + 2 9.8 30.625 for v gives

v = 24.5 or v = 24.5.
Since the object is travelling downward, v = 24.5.
Therefore, the speed of the ball when it returns to
the level of the platform is 24.5 m/s.
f
u=0
a = 9.8
s = 46.625
v=?
v2 = u2 + 2as
Solving v2 = 02 + 2 9.8 46.625 for v gives

v = 30.23 or v = 30.23.
Therefore, the ball hits the ground with an
approximate speed of 30.23 m/s.
Worked example 16
The acceleration of a particle travelling in a straight line is given by

velocity at any time t. At time t = 0, the body is at rest at the origin.
Find, as a function of time:
a the velocity
b the acceleration
c the position.
think
Write the acceleration as given.
Invert both sides of the differential

equation.
Express t in integral form.
Antidifferentiate the integrand, using

the CAS calculator.
1
dv
v +1
then press ENTER .
Given that t = 0 when v = 0, to find
the constant of integration, complete
the entry line as:
solve(0 = ln(| 0 + 1 |) + c,c)
then press ENTER .
Rearrange the equation to make v
the subject by completing the entry
line as:
solve(t = ln(| v + 1 |),v)
then press ENTER .
dv
= v + 1, where v is the
dt
Write
dv
= v +1
dt
dt
1
or
=
dv v + 1
t=
1
dv
v +1
Write the solution.
t=
1
dv = loge (| v + 1 |) + c
v +1
Solving 0 = loge (| 0 + 1 |) + c for c

gives c = 0.
So, t = loge (| v + 1 |)
Then, solving t = loge (| v + 1 |) for v
gives v = et 1 or v = et 1.
Since v = 0 when t = 0
Then v = et 1
b
Differentiate v with respect to t to

find the acceleration (or we could
substitute v into the original equation
for acceleration).
State the answer.
Express x as the antiderivative of v.
dv
dt
d (et 1)
a=
dt
a=
a = et
c
x=
(et 1) dt
x = et t + c
61
62
Substitute t = 0 and x = 0, the initial

condition given.
When t = 0, x = 0
0 = e0 0 + c
Solve for c.
c = 1
State the answer.
x = et t 1
Chapter 9
Vectors
Worked example 9
Find the unit vector in the direction of u

~:
a in the figure at right
~u
b in u = 2 i 3 j + 2 3 k .
think
Express the vector in component

form.
Compute the magnitude of the

vector, u.

Divide each component of the

original vector by the magnitude to
get u.

Comfirm that u has a magnitude of 1.

3j
~
6i~
Write
C (6, 3)
u = 6i + 3 j

u = 6 2 + 32

= 45
=3 5
6
3
u =
i+
j
3
5
3
5

=
2 5
5
i+
j
5 5
u = x 2 + y2

20 5
=
+
25 25
=
25
25
=1
Chapter 9 Vectors
63
To find the unit vector in the direction

of u by using a CAS calculator,

complete
the following steps.
Define the vector u. To do this press:
MENU b
1: Actions 1
1: Define 1
Define u = 2, 3,2 3

Then press ENTER .
Find the unit vector in the direction
of u .
To do this press:
MENU b
7: Matrix & Vector 7
C: Vectors C
1: Unit Vector 1
unitV(u)
Then press ENTER .
2
64
Write the unit vector in the direction

of u.
2
3
2 3
u = i j +
k
5
5 5
Worked Example 15
Let u = 5 i + 2 j . Find a vector parallel to u such that the dot product is 87.

Think
Let the required vector v = ku.

Find the dot product of u . v.

Simplify.
Equate the result to the given dot product 87.
Solve for k.
Substitute k = 3 into vector v.

An alternative method is to use a CAS
calculator. Let the required vector v = ku.

Using a CAS calculator, define u and v by

MENU b
1: Actions 1
1: Define 1
Define u = [5,2]
ENTER .
then press
Repeat for v = k [5,2]

10
Write
Let v = k (5i + 2 j)

= 5ki + 2 kj

u . v = (5i + 2 j).(5ki + 2 kj)

= 25k + 4k
= 29k
29k = 87
k=3
v = 15i + 6 j

u = 5i + 2 j

So v = k (5i + 2 j)

Using a CAS calculator solve u . v = 87 for

Press:
k, by completing the followingsteps.
MENU b
3: Algebra 3
1: Solve 1
After solve, then press:
MENU b
7: Matrix and Vector 7
C: Vector C
3: Dot Product 3
solve(dotP(u, v ) = 87, k )
then press ENTER .
Write the solution.
Solving u . v = 87 for k gives

k = 3
Therefore,
v = 15i + 6 j

Chapter 9 Vectors 65
Worked Example 19
Determine the value of p if the following vectors are linearly dependent.

a = i + pj k, b = i + 3 j + 8 k and c = i j + 2 k

Think
Let a = mb + nc.

To solve this equation for m, n and

p define vectors a, b and c as shown

previously.
Then press:
MENU b
3: Algebra 3
1: Solve 1
Write
Leta = mb + nc
Solve a = mb + nc for m, n and p.


solve(a = m b + n c,{m, n, p})
Then press ENTER .
Write the solution.
Solving a = m b + n c for m, n and p gives:

m = 0.5
n = 1.5
p = 3
Worked example 21
Let u = 2 i + 3 j + k and v = 3 i + 2 j k.

Find:
a the scalar resolute of v on u

b the vector resolute of v parallel
to u, namely v

to u, namely

c the vector resolute of v perpendicular
v .

think
To find the scalar resolute of v

on u, find u.

Using a CAS calculator, define v and
u as shown previously and find u by

completing
the entry line as:
unitV(u)
Then press ENTER .
Write u .

To find u . v (the scalar resolute of v

use CAS to
on u), first

define w = u .
the dot product u . v,
Then, to find
dotP(w,v)
Then press ENTER .
Write the scalar resolute of

v on u.

Write
u =

u . v =

14
3 14
14
i+
j+
k
7
14 14
14
14
Chapter 9 Vectors
67
To find the vector resolute of v

parallel to u (that is, (u . v )u) using

CAS, complete the entry line as
follows:
dotP(w,v) w
Then press ENTER .
Write the vector resolute of v parallel

to u.

c To find the vector resolute of v
perpendicular to u (that is, v (u . v )u)

the entry
line
as:

using CAS, complete
1
v
7
3
14
14
then press ENTER .

Write the solution in an appropriate form.
68
1
1
3
(u . v )u = i
j k
7 14 14
c
20
31
13
v (u . v )u =
i+
j k
7 14 14
Worked Example 25
Let a particles position as a function of time be given by u = 2 cos ( ti ) + 3 sin ( t j ). Find the

equation of the path and sketch its graph.
Think
Write
Express the i and j components of u in

terms of their functions.
In this case, first eliminate the constants in

front of the trigonometric functions.
x = 2 cos (t)
y = 3 sin (t)
x
= cos (t)
2
y
= sin (t)
3
Square both sides of the equation.
x2
= cos2 (t)
4
y2
= sin2 (t)
9
Add the 2 equations.
Use the trigonometric identity

cos2 () + sin2 () = 1.
Use CAS to sketch the graph using the

parametric equations.
On a Graphs page, press:
MENU b
3: Parametric 3
Complete the entry line as shown:
x1(t ) = 2 cos(t )
x 2 y2
+
= cos2 (t) + sin2 (t)
4
9
x 2 y2
+
=1
4
9
y1(t ) = 3sin(t )
0 t 6.28 tstep = 0.13
then press ENTER .
This is the equation of an ellipse of centre

(0, 0) where a = 2 and b = 3.
Chapter 9 Vectors 69
Chapter 10
Vector calculus
Worked example 3
An object has a position vector, in metres, r ( t ) = (3 t 2 sin ( t )) i + ( e t + 2 t ) j ; t 0 seconds.

a Find the velocity vector v( t ).

b Find the velocity of the object at t = 2 s.
c Find the speed of the object at t = 2 s.
d Find the average velocity in the first 2 seconds of the bodys motion.
think
Define the position vector, r ( t ). To

do this press:
MENU b
3: Actions 3
1: Define 1
Then complete as shown, then press
ENTER .
To find v ( t ). To do this press:
b
MENU
4: Calculus 4
1: Derivative 1
d
( r ( t ))
dt
Write the solution using correct

vector notation.
Substitute t = 2

vector notation.
Write
v ( t ) = ( 6t cos ( t )) i + ( e t + 2 ) j

b
1
v ( 2 ) = (12 ) i + 2 2 j
e

Chapter 10 Vector calculus
71
72
To find the speed, find the norm of

the vector.
State the speed correct to 2 decimal

places.
The average velocity in the first

r ( 2) r ( 0 )
2 seconds, is

20
State the average velocity
The speed of the object is 9.05 m/s.

d
vav = 6 i + 1.567 j

Worked example 5
A body moves in such a way that its position vector in metres at an instant t seconds is given by:
1
1

r ( t ) = 15 t t 2 + 1 i + 12 t t 3 j, t 0.
2
3

Find:
a the velocity vector v( t )

b the acceleration vector
a( t )

c the angle between the velocity
vector and the acceleration vector of the body at a time t = 1 s, to
the nearest degree
d the time when the body has an acceleration of magnitude 9.8 m/s2.
think
Write
Differentiate r, the position vector, with a

respect to t, using
a CAS calculator by
Define the position function r (t ). To do

this press:
MENU b
1: Actions 1
1: Define 1
1
1
Define r (t ) = 15t t 2 + 1,12t t 3
2
3
then press ENTER .

To find v (t ) differentiate r with respect

to t, press:
MENU b
4: Calculus 4
1: Derivative 1
d
(r (t ))
dt
then press ENTER .

vector notation.
To find the acceleration vector a(t )

complete the following steps.
Define the velocity function v (t ), by
dr
v (t ) =
dt

v (t ) = (15 t ) i + (12 t 2 ) j

b
Define v (t ) = [15 t ,12 t 2 ]

Then press ENTER .
Differentiate v (t ) with respect to t, by
entry line as:
completing the
d
( v (t ))
dt
Then press ENTER .

vector notation.
a(t ) =

a(t ) =

dv

dt
i 2tj

73
To find the angle between the

velocity and acceleration vectors,
complete the following steps.
Define the acceleration function

a(t ) = [ 1, 2t ]
Calculate the velocity vector
when t = 1, by finding v(1) and the
acceleration vector when t = 1, by
finding a(1).
Calculate the magnitude of vectors
v(1) and a(1)
by completing the entry lines as:
norm([14, 11])
norm([1, 2]).
Calculate the dot product a(1) . v (1)

(Refer to the previous chapter,
Vectors, to review the dot product.)
2
The angle, , between the two

vectors v(1) and a(1) is found using

the equation
a(1) . v (1) = a(1) v (1) cos( )

This can be done by hand or using
the calculator.
vector notation.
v (1) =14 i + 11 j

a(1) = i 2 j

a(1) . v (1)
cos( ) =

a(1) v (1)

v(1) = 317

a(1) = 5

a(1) . v (1) = 36

36
cos( ) =
317 5
= 155 to the nearest degree.

The angle between the two vectors is
approximately 155.
74
d State the acceleration a(t ) at any time, t.
Find the magnitude ofthe acceleration at

any time, t.
Use the CAS calculator to solve for t
when the acceleration is equal to 9.8 m/s2.
solve
a(t ) = i 2tj

a(t ) = 1 + 4t 2

1 + 4t 2 = 9.8, t
Then press ENTER .
Note: Only positive solutions for t are
allowed.
Solving 1 + 4t 2 = 9.8 for t gives t 4.87, t 0.

When t = 4.87 s the magnitude of the acceleration
is 9.8 m/s2.
Chapter 10 Vector calculus 75
Worked Example 10
An object is thrown off a building

(t = 0 s) on a windy day. The acceleration of the object in m/s2
1
i 9.8 e 10 j . At a time, t = 1, the object has a velocity in m/s of v(1) = 2 i 3 j .
is given by a( t ) = 12

The building is 50 m above the ground and hence the initial position of the object is taken to be
r = 0 i + 50 j .
What
is the initial acceleration of the object?
a
b Determine the velocity vector v( t ) for all times t 0.
c Determine the position vector r ( t ) for all times t 0.

Think
Define the acceleration function a(t ),

by completing the entry line as:
t
1
Define a(t ) = , 9.8e 10

12
Then press ENTER .

Substitute t = 0 into a(t ) to find the
initial acceleration.
Write the solution
The velocity vector is found by

integrating the acceleration a(t ) with

respect to time.
The vector constant of integration

must be found. To do this using the
CAS calculator, define the velocity
vector v (t ) by completing the entry
line as:
Write
1
a(0) = i 9.8 j
2

b
t
t
Define v (t ) = + m,98e 10 + n
12

Then press ENTER .
State the integrand and the velocity

vector v (t ) with the vector constant

of integration
expressed as mi + nj

v (t ) = a(t ) dt + c

t
t
10
v (t ) = i + 98e j + mi + nj
12

Evaluate the vector constant of

integration using the fact that
v (1) = 2 i 3 j .

solve( v (1) = [2, 3],{m, n})
Then press ENTER .
State the values of m and n and the

velocity vector.
Redefine the velocity vector v (t ) with

the correct values of m and n.
The position vector r (t ) is found

by integrating the vector
v (t ) with

respect to time.
State the integrand and the position

vector r (t ), with the vector constant

of integration
expressed as pi + qj

The vector constant of integration

must be found. To do this using the
CAS calculator, define the position
vector r (t ) by completing the entry
line as:
Define
23
and n = 91.674
12
t
t 23
v (t ) = + i + 98e 10 91.674 j
12 12

m=
r (t ) = v (t ) dt + d

t
2
23
t

r (t ) = + t + p i + 980e 10 91.674t + q j
24 12

t
t 2 23
r (t ) = + t + p, 980e 10 91.674t + q
24
12

Then press ENTER .
77
78
Use r (0) = 0 i + 50 j to solve the vector

do this, complete
constants p and q. To
the entry line as:
solve(r (0) = [0, 50],{p, q})
then press ENTER .
State the values of p and q and the

position vector.
p = 0 and q = 1030
t
t 2 23
r (t ) = + t i + 980e 10 91.674t + 1030 j
24 12

CHAPTER 11
Mechanics
WORKED EXAMPLE 5
In a science laboratory a 1.0-kg mass is suspended

by two taut strings as shown at right. The tension
forces in string 1 and
string 2 are A and B respectively.
vector
diagram showing all three forces which
a Draw a force
act on the 1.0-kg mass.
b By resolving vectors into i and j components find the

magnitudes of A and B respectively.

THINK
The mass has three forces acting

on it: the weight force vertically
downwards and the two tension
forces. One tension force acts
horizontally the second acts at an
angle of 42 to the horizontal.
Draw the force vector diagram.
The weight vector can be written

as g j.

The first tensile force can be written
as Ai .

4
5
String 1
42
j
~
~i
1.0-kg mass
WRITE
String 2
~B
~i
A
~
42
j
~
W
~ = g~
W = g j

A = Ai

The second tensile

force can be resolved as
B = B cos(42 ) i + B sin(42 ) j

Express the resultant force, R, as the

sum of the three forces.
B = B cos(42 ) i + B sin(42) j

Set the sum of the three vectors to

zero in accordance with Newtons
third law.
But R = 0 i + 0 j

R = ( A B cos(42 )) i + ( B sin(42 ) g) j

CHAPTER 11 Mechanics
79
80
Use CAS to solve the vector

equation.
First define the vector R, by
Define r = [a b cos (42),
b sin (42) 9.8]
Then press ENTER .
To solve the equation complete the

entry line as:
solve(r = [0, 0], {a, b})
Then press ENTER .
Write the solution correct to 1 decimal

place, showing the correct units.
A = 10.9 N

B = 14.6 N

WORKED EXAMPLE 6
John Wiley & Sons Australia/Jennifer Wright
j
A car of mass 800 kg is parked in a street which has an angle of elevation
~
of 15. The i direction is parallel down the street and the j direction is
to the street.

perpendicular
~i
15
The car is subject to three forces, namely its weight, W , the normal
applied force of the
reaction force, N , of the road acting on the car and the

brake (this is actually
a static friction force) F.
forces, W , N and F, acting on the car, taking the car
a Draw a vector diagram indicating the three

as a particle.
b What is the magnitude of the resultant force R?
express it as a vector using i j notation.
c Resolve the weight, W , into its components and

d Calculate the magnitude of N, the normal contact force, and the magnitude of the
applied force

of the brake, F.

j
~
15
~i
15
THINK
Draw the force vector diagram.
The car is in equilibrium since it is

stationary.
Apply Newtons First Law of Motion:

the resultant force, R, must be zero.

Therefore, the magnitude of the
resultant force, R, is zero.
A stationary car parked on a street

will have a vertical weight force, a
normal reaction force and a static
frictional force resisting its sliding or
rolling down the street.
Draw a diagram showing the

resolution of the weight, W , into
j.
components parallel to i and

WRITE
N
~
j
~
~i
~F
15
W
~
R=0

R=0N
c
j
~
~i
15
15
Wy
W
~
The component of W parallel to i , Wx ,

is W sin (15).
Wx
F = 207g
81
82
Substitute W = 800g and evaluate.
The component of W parallel to j, Wy

is W cos (15).
Substitute W = 800g and evaluate.
Express W in vector notation.

The components of the net forces

parallel to the i and j vectors are

both zero.
Use CAS to solve for F and N by

completing the entry line:
solve([207 g f, n 773 g] = [0, 0],
{ f, n})
Then press ENTER .
Write the solutions for F and N.
= 800g sin (15)i

207gi

Wy = W cos (15)
= 800g cos (15) j

773g j

W = Wx i + Wy j

W = 207gi 773g j

d (207 g F ) i + ( N 773g) j = 0 i + 0 j

F = 207g
N = 773g
WORKED EXAMPLE 11
A skier of mass 60 kg begins a ski run from the top of a mountain down an 18 slope. A constant
friction force of 37 N acts on the skier as he descends.
a Draw a vector force diagram depicting the three forces which act on the skier.
b Write the equation of motion using Newtons Second Law of Motion.
c Determine the magnitude of the normal contact force and the acceleration of the skier.
d If there were no frictional force present, find the acceleration of the skier.
THINK
a Three significant forces act on the skier: the
WRITE
weight force W , the normal reaction force N

friction F .

and the force of

j
~
~N
~F
Mass = 60 kg
~i
18
W
~
Use Newtons second law.
The vector W is to be resolved into

componentsparallel to i and j.

We know that m = 60 and ay = 0.
But:
W = 60 9.8 = 584N
F = 37N
= 18
Use CAS to solve the vector equation,

R = 60 ai + 0 j , by completing the entry
as:

line
solve([60 9.8 sin (18) 37, n 60
9.8 cos (18)] = [60 a, 0], {n, a})
Then press ENTER .
Write the solutions correct to

2decimal places, with the correct
units.
R = ma

R = (W sin( ) F ) i + ( N W cos( )) j

R = max i + ma y j

R = 60 ax i + 0 j

W = 584N
F = 37N
= 18
N = 559.22 N
a = 2.41 m/s2
83
84
To find the acceleration when no

d
frictional force is present, edit the
resultant force equation by completing
the entry line:
solve([60 9.8 sin (18), n 60 9.8
cos (18)] = [60 a, 0], {n, a})
Then press ENTER .
Write the solution, with the correct units.
a = 3.03 m/s2
WORKED EXAMPLE 15
35kg
25kg
Two carts connected by a light, inextensible rope are being accelerated
Tractor
across a tarmac by a tractor. The leading card (CartL) has a mass of
35 kg; the trailing cart (CartT) has a mass of 25 kg. The coefficient
CartT CartL
of friction on the tarmac is = 0.20. The tractor exerts a pulling force
of 190 N on the cart of mass 35 kg, as shown at right. The breaking
tension in the rope is 150 N.
a Draw a force vector diagram for each of the two masses.
b Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of the two carts.
c Calculate the tension in the rope which connects the two masses.
d If the two masses are to be accelerated at a higher rate, what is the greatest acceleration of the
carts before the rope breaks?
THINK
Each cart can be represented as a

particle with its own set of forces
acting.
WRITE
N
~1
(CartT)
T
~
F1
~
The trailing cart (CartT) will have

four forces acting on it. These forces
are the normal contact force, N1; the

weight force, W1; the force of friction,

F1; and the tensile force, T , acting to
right.

the
W
~1
Mass 1 = 25 kg
The leading cart (CartL) will have

five forces, namely the normal
contact force, N 2; the weight force,
W2; the frictionand tensile forces,
F2 and T , acting to the left; and the

force
of the tractor, A, acting towards

the right.
N2
~
~F2
A
~ (Cart )
L
~T
W
~2
Mass 2 = 35 kg
R = (T F1 ) i + ( N1 25g) j

= 25ai + 0 j

N1 25g = 0
Use Newtons second law to write

the equation of motion for CartT.
Equate the j components of the

equation.
Solve for N1.
N1 = 25g
Find the friction force acting on

CartT using F1 = N1.
F1 = N1
= 0.2(25g)
= 5g
Equate the i components of the

equation ofmotion.
Substitute F1 = 5g into the equation

and call it equation 1.
T 5g = 25a
Use Newtons second law to write

the equation of motion for CartL.
CartL:
Equate the j component of the equation.

Solve for N2.
9
10
Find the friction force F2 acting on

CartL.
CartT:
T F1 = 25a
[1]
R = (190 F2 T ) i + ( N 2 35g) j

= 35ai + 0 j

N2 35g = 0
N2 = 35g
F2 = 0.2(35g)
= 7g
85
11
Equate the i components of the

equation ofmotion for CartL.
190 F2 T = 35a
12
Substitute F2 = 7g into the equations

and call it equation 2.
190 7g T = 35a
13
Use CAS to solve equations 1 and 2,

by completing the entry line as:
solve(t 5 9.8 = 25 a and
190 7 9.8 t = 35 a, {t, a})
then pressing ENTER .
14
Write the solution.
c Write the solution.

d
86
To find the maximum acceleration

substitute T = 150 into equation 1.
Solve for a.
State the solution.
[2]
a = 1.2 m/s2, correct to 1 decimal place.

c
T = 79 N correct to the nearest whole number.

Therefore the tension in the rope is 79 N.
Substitute T = 150 into equation 1:
150 5g = 25a
a = 4.04
The maximum acceleration of the carts before the
rope breaks is 4.04 m/s2.

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MATHS QUEST 12

TI-NSPIRE C AS C ALCULATOR COMPANION

TI-NSPIRE C AS C ALCULATOR COMPANION

First published 2013 by

Relations and regions of the

Sketch the graph of y =

On a Graphs page, complete the entry

To determine the equation of the oblique

Write the equations of the asymptotes.

The equations of the asymptotes are:

Chapter 1 Coordinate geometry

To determine the turning points, press:

then press ENTER .

To find the y-coordinates of the stationary

The coordinates of the stationary points are:

Maths Quest 12 Specialist Mathematics

Sketch the graph of

h = 1, k = 2 and so the centre is (1, 2).

The major axis is parallel to the x-axis as

The extreme points (vertices) parallel to

The extreme points (vertices) parallel to

Find the x- and y-intercepts.

The x-intercepts are:

To sketch the graph of the ellipse, on a

Chapter 1 Coordinate geometry

Sketch the graph of the ellipse.

Maths Quest 12 Specialist Mathematics

Sketch the graph of

The major axis is parallel to the y-axis as

The extreme points (vertices) parallel to

The extreme points (vertices) parallel to

Find the x- and y-intercepts.

To sketch the graph of the ellipse, on a

Chapter 1 Coordinate geometry

Sketch the graph of the ellipse.

Maths Quest 12 Specialist Mathematics

Sketch the graph of 5 x2 + 9(y 2)2 = 45.

5x2 + 9(y 2)2 = 45

Rearrange and simplify by dividing both

Major axis is parallel to the x-axis as a > b.

The extreme points (vertices) parallel to

The extreme points (vertices) parallel to

Find the x-intercepts.

To sketch the graph of the ellipse, on a

Chapter 1 Coordinate geometry

Sketch the graph of the ellipse.

Maths Quest 12 Specialist Mathematics

To locate the intercepts, on a Calculator

To sketch the graph of the ellipse, on a

Write the x-intercepts.

Sketch the graph of the ellipse.

Chapter 1 Coordinate geometry 9

Use a CAS calculator to sketch the graph

Then press ENTER .

Rewrite the parameters by isolating cos (t)

Square both sides of each equation then

Describe the relation.

This represents an ellipse with centre (2, 1).

The domain is the range of the parametric

The range is the range of the parametric

10 Maths Quest 12 Specialist Mathematics

Express each of the following as partial fractions.

On a Calculator page, press:

Write the answers.